VIII.

Anatomy and Physiology

Ascending colon
 On the right side of the abdomen, 25cm.
 Cecum to the hepatic flexure
 Parasympathetic fibers of Vagus nerve ( CN X )
 Ileocolic artery and right colic artery, both branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery.
Transverse colon
 Part of the colon from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure.
 The Proximal two-thirds: the middle colic artery, branch of superior mesenteric artery.
 The latter third: branches of interior mesenteric artery.
Descending colon
 Splenic flexure to the beginning of the sigmoid colon
 Store matter that will be emptied into the rectum
 The left colic artery.
Sigmoid colon
 After the descending colon and before the rectum.
 S- shaped
 Muscular and contract to increase the pressure inside the colon, causing the stool to
move into the rectum.
 Sigmoid arteries, a branch of the inferior Mesenteric Artery.
IX. Pathophysiology

Newborn and Adults Diet, activity,race

Male > Female

Absence of Ganglion Cells

(-) ganglionic innervation = (-) nerve cell

(-) Peristalsis

Chronic Constipation
Abdominal Obstruction Impaction
(Discomfort)
Abdominal Pain
Abdominal Fullness
(Distention)