A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external

connections provided to power electric devices such as flashlights, cellphones, and

electric cars.

When the battery supplies electrical power, the positive terminal is the cathode and
the negative terminal is the anode.

Negatively marked terminals are sources of electrons that will flow through an
external electrical circuit to the positive terminal. When the battery is connected to
an external electrical load, the redox reaction converts the high-energy reactants to
lower-energy products, and the difference in free-energy is sent to the external
circuit as electrical energy.

Historically the term "battery" specifically refers to a device consisting of several

cells, but its use has evolved to include devices consisting of one cell.
Alexandro volta was born in Komo Italia 8 February 1745 the Alexandro family
including his family Filippo volta's father was a nobleman, their family highly
respects education and environmental science, which formed the volta to love the
science, especially physics, so that it became a great physicist known because it
successfully developed the battery.

when he was 29 years old Volta applied to be a physics teacher at a high school in
Komo until he was named the headmaster of the high school in between his busy
teaching activities. became Professor at the University of Pafia where he
discovered what was called the voltaic pile, the first practical method for producing
electricity.

Voltaic piles are made by stacking copper plates and zinc discs alternately with
pieces of carbon dipped in salt water and placed between the plates. The pile can
produce electric current. This invention is recognized as the first battery that can
produce electrical currents consistently and reliably. .

Volta actually accidentally discovered the battery in finding the battery. The first
clue about this battery counter was actually shown by other Italian scientists, but in
a different realm He was Luigi Galvani who was also a Physicist making a battery
discovery in 1786 Luigi Galvani did an accidental experiment of binding a dead
frog's leg was then modified in such a way with a copper hook and accidentally
touched the iron to make the frog's legs throb at that time It is argued that it is
impossible for a frog's flesh or legs to contain electricity that makes the frog's
throbbing legs come from the voltage difference between the copper that binds the
foot with iron which is accidentally touched by the frog's legs. the him to do an
experiment that led to the phenomenal discovery of this battery yes he realized that
contact between two different metals was what caused the movement of the older
brother's feet but not if using the same metal of dissent,

made the relationship between voltaic and Galvani strained. Alexandro volta then
did further research to prove the theory. He continued the work of Luigi Galvani
and proved that the galvari theory of the shock effect of frog legs was wrong. In
fact, this effect arose due to two dissimilar metals from Galvani scalpels based on
this opinion voltaic succeeded in creating a voltaic battery or voltage file until he
came to the conclusion that electricity came from a metal not meat or a dead frog's
leg basically this voltaic discovery led us to technological advances and our ease
that we have felt so that the international unit of magnitude pressure physics is
volts.

Because of this service in 1801 the great emperor of France invited volta to Paris to
demonstrate his discovery in front of the Academy of Science emperor so amazed
to be gifted by alexandro volta in physics then awarded him with the title of count
and a gold medal Emperor Napoleon also regarded him as senator Alexander volta
died the world precisely on March 5, 1827 in the same city when he was born
Thank you for the services of Alessandro volta in creating batteries.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry 2019 to John B. Goodenough (University of Texas at Austin, USA), M.
Stanley Whittingham (Binghamton University, State University of New York,
USA) and Akira Yoshino (Asahi Kasei Corporation, Tokyo, Japan, and Meijo
University, Nagoya, Japan) “for the development of lithium-ion batteries”.

Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionised our lives since entering the market in
1991. They are lightweight, rechargeable and powerful, and are used globally to
power portable electronics - everything from mobile phones and laptops through
pacemakers to electric vehicles. They can also store significant amounts of energy
from renewable sources such as solar and wind power, making possible a fossil-
fuel-free society.

The foundation of the lithium-ion battery was laid during the oil crisis in the 1970s.
Stanley Whittingham worked on developing energy technologies that did not rely
on fossil fuels. He started to research superconductors and discovered an extremely
energy-rich material, titanium disulfide, which can intercalate lithium ions and
which he used to create an innovative cathode in a lithium battery. The anode was
partially made from metallic lithium, which has a strong drive to release electrons.
The resultant device's potential was just over 2 V but the metallic lithium made the
battery too explosive to be viable.

John Goodenough predicted that the cathode would have even greater potential if it
was made using a metal oxide instead of a metal sulfide. After a systematic search,
he demonstrated in 1980 that cobalt oxide with intercalated lithium ions can
produce as much as 4 V. This was an important breakthrough and would lead to
much more powerful batteries. With Goodenough’s cathode as a basis, Akira
Yoshino created the first commercially viable lithium-ion battery in 1985
(illustrated). Rather than using reactive lithium in the anode, he used petroleum
coke, a carbon material that, like the cathode’s cobalt oxide, can intercalate lithium
ions. The result was a lightweight, hardwearing battery that could be charged
hundreds of times before its performance deteriorated. The advantage of lithium-
ion batteries is that they are not based upon chemical reactions that break down the
electrodes, but upon lithium ions flowing back and forth between the anode and
cathode.
Alexandro volta lahir di Komo Italia 8 Februari 1745 keluarga Alexandro termasuk
keluarga yang berada Ayahnya filippo volta adalah seorang bangsawan keluarga
mereka sangat menjunjung tinggi pendidikan dan ilmu pengetahuan lingkungan
inilah yang membentuk volta hingga sangat cinta dengan ilmu pengetahuan
khususnya fisika sehingga menjadi seorang Fisikawan hebat yang dikenal karena
berhasil mengembangkan baterai.

saat berusia 29 tahun volta melamar menjadi guru fisika di sebuah SMA di Komo
hingga ia dinobatkan sebagai kepala sekolah di SMA tersebut di sela-sela
kesibukannya dalam mengajar Ia tetap bereksperimen yang membuahkan
penemuan pertamanya tentang electrophorus yaitu Sebuah alat yang dapat
menghasilkan listrik statis setelah dipanggil untuk menjadi Profesor di University
of pafia di tempat itulah ia menemukan Apa yang disebut tumpukan volta sebuah
metode praktis pertama untuk memproduksi listrik.

Tumpukan volta dibuat dengan menumpuk piringan tembaga dan cakram seng
secara berselingan dengan potongan karbon yang dicelupkan dalam air garam serta
ditempatkan di antara kedua piringan tersebut tumpukan itu dapat memproduksi
arus listrik penemuan inilah yang diakui sebagai baterai pertama yang bisa
menghasilkan arus listrik secara konsisten dan dapat diandalkan.

Volta sebenarnya tidak sengaja dalam menemukan baterai dalam menemukan

baterai petunjuk pertama tentang counter baterai ini sejatinya diperlihatkan oleh
ilmuwan Italia lainnya namun dalam ranah yang berbeda Ia adalah Luigi Galvani
yang juga seorang Fisikawan membuat penemuan baterai pada tahun 1786 Luigi
Galvani melakukan eksperimen yang tak sengaja yaitu mengikat sebuah kaki katak
yang mati kemudian dimodifikasi sedemikian rupa dengan kait tembaga dan tak
sengaja menyentuh besi hingga membuat kaki katak tersebut berdenyut waktu itu
Galvani mengira bahwa itu adalah gerakan listrik seperti kilat dan Galvani
menyimpulkan bahwa kaki katak mengandung listrik namun seketika itu volta
yang juga mengetahui eksperimen tersebut membantah bahwa tak mungkin daging
atau kaki katak mengandung listrik listrik yang membuat kaki katak berdenyut itu
berasal dari perbedaan tegangan antara tembaga yang mengikat kaki dengan besi
yang secara tak sengaja tersentuh oleh kaki katak hal ini justru menginspirasi dia
untuk melakukan eksperimen yang mengarahnya pada penemuan fenomenal ya ini
baterai ia menyadari bahwa kontak antara dua logam yang berbeda lah yang
menyebabkan terjadinya gerakan pada kaki kakak tadi namun tidak jika
menggunakan logam yang sama perbedaan pendapat tersebut,

membuat hubungan volta dan Galvani menjadi tegang Alexandro volta kemudian
melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk membuktikan teori tersebut ia melanjutkan
pekerjaan Luigi Galvani dan membuktikan bahwa teori galvari yaitu efek kejutan
kaki kodok adalah salah secara fakta efek ini muncul akibat dua logam tak sejenis
dari pisau bedah Galvani berdasarkan pendapat ini volta berhasil menciptakan
baterai volta atau voltage file hingga Ia mendapat kesimpulan bahwa listrik itu
berasal dari logam bukan daging atau kaki katak yang telah mati pada dasarnya
penemuan volta ini menghantarkan kita terhadap kemajuan teknologi dan
kemudahan kita yang sudah kita rasakan sehingga satuan internasional untuk
besaran fisika tekanan adalah volt.

Karena jasanya ini pada tahun 1801 Kaisar besar perancis mengundang volta ke
Paris untuk mendemonstrasikan penemuannya di depan de Akademi of sains kaisar
begitu takjub akan dibakat alexandro volta di bidang fisika lalu menganugerahinya
dengan gelar count dan sebuah mendali emas Kaisar Napoleon juga
menganggapnya sebagai senator Alexander volta meninggal dunia tepatnya pada
tanggal 5 Maret 1827 di kota yang sama ketika ia dilahirkan Terima kasih atas jasa
Alessandro volta dalam menciptakan baterai.