a) When blood glucose level increases more than the usual levels, the hypothalamus

will detect the changes and stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin, stimulating the
liver cells to convert excess glucose to glycogen for the liver to store. Hence, blood
glucose levels will decrease to usual levels, When the blood glucose levels is lower
than the usual however, the hypothalamus will detect the change and stimulate the
pancreas to secrete glucagon which will stimulate the liver to convert stored glycogen
back to glucose therefore increasing blood glucose levels to the usual levels.

b) In a cold environment, blood vessels in skin dilates resulting in skin arterioles to

constrict causing less blood flow to capillaries in the skin, hence less heat is lost by
conduction, convection and radiation from the blood to the surroundings. Hair erector
muscles also contract and make hairs stand resulting in the hairs trappng a layer on
air that insulates the skin preventing heat loss. Sweat glands decrease in activity to
decrease the amount of heat lost by the evaporation of water from sweat to the
surroundings removing latent heat. Metabolic activities increase to release more
energy in the form of heat to keep the body warm.

Farid 4E 25 PG 16. Q9 Either