2009 SECTION VIM — DIVISION 1 TABLE UG-37 VALUES OF SPHERICAL RADIUS FACTOR Ki 2h yaa esse aes K 1360 «127 de Loe 099 on 200 (18a ak K 090 ol 07306505700 GENERAL NOTES: (a) Equivalent spherical Fadius = (@) For deitions, see 2-30), (e) Interpolation permittes fr intrmesiate values. O/zh = axis ratio. 1, = nozzle wall thickness. Except for pipe, this is the wall thickness not including forming allowances, For pipe, use the nominal thickness [see UG-16(4)). f, = required thickness of a seamless shell based on the circumferential stress, or of a formed head, computed by the rules of this Division for the designated pressure, using E = 1, except that: (a) when the opening and its reinforcement are entirely within the spherical portion of a tor- spherical head, f,is the thickness required by 1- (a), using M = 1; (b) when the opening is in a cone, t, is the thickness required for a seamless cone of diameter D measured where the nozzle axis pierces the inside wall of the cone; (c) when the opening and its reinforcement ae in an ellipsoidal head and are located entirely ‘within a circle the center of which coincides with the center of the head and the diameter of which is equal to 80% of the shell diameter, t, is the thickness required for a seamless sphere of radius K,D, where D isthe shell diameter and K; is given by Table UG-37. required thickness of a seamless nozzle wall total load to be carried by attachment welds (see UG-41) (b) General. The rules in this paragraph apply to all ‘openings other than: (1) small openings covered by UG-36(6)(3): (2) openings in fat heads covered by UG-39; (3) openings designed as reducer sections covered by UG-36(e); (4) large head openings covered by UG-36(b)(2); (5) tube holes with ligaments between them conform- ing to the rules of UG-53. Reinforcement shall be provided in amount and distribu- tion such that the area requirements for reinforcement are satisfied for all planes through the center of the opening and normal to the vessel surface. For a circular opening in a cylindrical shell, the plane containing the axis of the w 8B shell is the plane of greatest loading due to pressure. Not Jess than half the required reinforcement shall be on each side of the centerline of single openings. (c) Design for Internal Pressure. The total cross- sectional area of reinforcement A required in any given plane through the opening fora shell or formed head under internal pressure shall be not less than As dF +%t-Fl~fa) (d) Design for External Pressure (1) The reinforcement required for openings in sin- gle-walled vessels subject to extemal pressure need be only 50% of that required in (c) above, where, is the wall thickness required by the rules for vessels under external pressure and the value of F shall be 1.0 in all external pressure reinforcement calculations. (2) The reinforcement required for openings in each shell of multiple-walled vessel shall comply with (1) above when the shell is subject to external pressure, and with (¢) above when the shell is subject to internal pressure, regardless of whether or not there is a common nozzle secured to more than one shell by strength welds. (c) Design for Alternate Internal and External Pressure. Reinforcement of vessels subject to alternate internal and ‘external pressures shall meet the requirements of (c) above for intemal pressure and of (d) above for external pressure. (Details and formulas for required area and available area are given in Fig. UG-37.1 (g) Reinforcing plates and saddles of nozzles attached to the outside of a vessel shall be provided with at least one telltale hole (maximum size NPS % (DN 8) tap] that ‘may be tapped for a preliminary compressed air and soap- suds test for tightness of welds that seal off the inside of the vessel. These telltale holes may be left open or may be plugged when the vessel is in service. If the holes are plugged, the plugging material used shall not be capable of sustaining pressure between the reinforcing plate and the vessel wall (h) Segmental reinforeing elements are allowed pro- vided the individual segments are joined by full penetration but welds. These butt welds shall comply with all the applicable requirements of Part UW. Unless the provisions given below are satisfied, the area As as defined in Fig, UG-37.1 shall be multiplied by 0.75, The area As does notrequire any reduction if one ofthe following is satisfied: (1) Bach butt weld is tadiographed or ultrasonically examined to confirm full penetration, or (2) For openings in cylinders, the weld is oriented at least 45 deg from the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. Each segment of the reinforcing element shall have a clear path to a telltale hole and shall be tested as required by UG-37(g), @ ivision are applica- 7 H do not address the A0®