BRITISH CULTURE; SOMETHING WORTH DISCOVERING M. C. EDGAR FERNANDO ARROYO REYNAPresentation Nowadays the wold and its different cutures are very clase to any human being who may be interested in learning and discovering about the features, the characteristics ard elements from any culture. Learning a different culture is something that hasbecame an attraction for many people around the word ‘The Briish is one of the most popular cultures around the world and it is full ‘of many interesting features that have been spread through the conquering of ‘several terttories and with the pass of time, acquired in many countries. The most important feature is English language because its spoken all around the ‘world and has been acquired as a second official language by several countries, When an own culture Is compared with another one, it is possible to evaluate the aspects that are compared and find out that they are so different; but itis also possible to understand, rediscovered and value the own culture ‘and as a consequence, enrich the knowledge that people may have about their own culture. This book was witten with the intention of getting you close to some ‘aspects ofthe British Culture, the information presented will help you to learn, ‘iscover and understand several features that represent a culture that has existed since ancienttimes. ‘The activites presented in this text wil let you compare, relate and at the same time reflex about the elements presented from the British Culture. By description of the action and sound made during the * cooking process. 2.25 Full English breakfast In order to follow to the writer Wiliam Somerset Maugham’ words: "To eat wel in England, you should have breakfast three times a day’, This means that in England people eat three times a day, one of the ‘most important foods isin the early hours of the day is breakfast. It's a dish consisting of eggs, bacon, ‘sausages, bubble and squeak, grilled tomatoes and mushrooms, Its often served with tea or coffee. In some regions black pudding is added. The full En ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINEas . sonar ie hee on ing ave when aR wough time to prepare itor at a hotel or cafe. Ss DID You KNow? 2.2.6 Black pudding ‘Sereda = —, ‘A black sausage made form pig's blood and fat It is very popular in Scotland and Ireland. It is sometimes eaten with the full English breakfast. In ‘Mexico its known as 2 "moronga’ 4 2.2.7 Toad in the hole ¢ ‘ ex sausages, served with vegetables and sometimes served with onion gravy. 228 Tea alts The famous te isa very ald tradition from the people Sree Enolaa, ts ace tom boing te Teves 8 SWZ concoction. It is commonly black tea. Nowadays, the ZANSS——_siten peoolefolow te tadlion of grinking it a0 has ~ been done for ages. 2.2.8 Cheesecake 4 It Is @ dessert mate of cheese, some cookies, meringue and sweet sauce. It can also have many other varies such as eggs, cream and some fruits: blueberries, blackberries, lemions and oranges. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE VAN26 2.2.10 Apple pie ‘The truth is that there is not too much to explain, this Is ‘one of the favorite desserts in England, it consists of a cake ‘0 pie filing sweetened with apples. It is not surprising to ‘mention that Britons love this dessert either hat or cold and itis a dessert that can be eaten in many parts of the world ‘and itis always related tothe Briish cuisine. 2.2.11 Cheese in Served after dessert in Britain, the best qualiyy ‘cheeses are not inexpensive (although you can buy plenty of cheap versions in the supermarkets) but well worth seeking out Biue and white Stiton, Cheddar, Red Leicester, Wensleydale, Sage Derby, Cornish Yarg, Double Gloucester, te list goes on and on, because it is much easier to send ete a ee et a cen g Se ene In 1900 there were almost 2000 DID YOU KNOW? Le ee cree eee et | eee of course, commercial cheese makers who produce fine Cheshire. ‘CucTunAINGLESA IME VAN.a ‘Activtv 12. Foods in vour courte |A) Fill n the chats information about 10 typical food in your country. Take 10-45 minutes to do this task. Dish Origin Ingredients Where tis eater ‘CULTURAINGLESA FINE TANTActivity 13 Complain the next mind man ‘CULTURA INGLESA TIME20 2.3 Holidays and traditions. ‘The Lnited Kingdom is @ nation with a big culture; its traditions are so rich and diverse and have been around for hundreds of years. The Culture of the United Kingdom is ‘not only important for this nation because throughout history they colonized counties such as the United States of Ameriza, Australia, Canada, among other $2 countries. ‘The importance of these customs and traditions could be seen in all over the world. For example, there are common holidays in the United Kingdom that are celebrated in the entre world. There are many holidays and they are divided in two ‘categories, Oficial Days and Public Holidays, 2.3.1 New Year's Day ‘One of the traditions all over the world is New Year's Day. The tradition of ccolebrating New Year on January 1st according to Georgian calendar officially began in 1752. New Year celebrations made in the United Kingdom are pretty big ‘and famous; this is very evident by the number of tourists visiting the country ‘during New Year, All over the nation they use to throw partes where the Briish people sng and dance. Fireworks are also Seen in the sky, lights that entertain the people. During the New Year in England, there is 2 tradition according to which people keep the back door of their houses open to symbolize for their farewell to the old year. On the same lines, they expect a dark hairec and young man to arrive at their threshold on New Year's Day; itis considered a symbol for good luck in the coming year. 2.3.2 Mothering Sunday It could be considered the equivalent of Mother’s Day, itis a day when children pay respect to their mothers and give some gifts and a card, ike they do it in ‘America This day is celebrated on the fourth Sunday on March. 2.3.3 Easter Monday Itis the time for three holidays (Monday, Thursday and Gocd Friday) and Easter ‘Sunday, these days are a festival and the time for giving chocolate Easter eggs, but also Easter means much more than just thal, Easter is the oldest and one of the most important Christian Festival, the celebration ofthe death and coming to life of Jesus Christ. CULTURAINGLESA TINE VANE40 2.3.4 Apri Fool's Day (April tst) Itis one of the most awaited days of the year. Iis main characteristic is trat you ‘an prank to everyone and they cannot get mad at you. This holiday isa ite similar to the Mexican December 28th, on this day people play jokes to someone ‘else they want to, this day became popular in England around 1700's so itis kind of ol, the kind of jokes that they made usually involve people persuading other people to do something sily. 2.3.5 St George's Day (April 237d) England's National day is St. George's. This isa story that first appearec in the ‘th century and it claims that St, George rescued a defenseless maid by slaying @ Jerrife dragon that could spew flames. The saint's name was shouted as 2 battle ‘ry by English knights who fought under the red-cross flag of St. George during the Hundred Years War (1338-1453), This was immortalized in one of ‘Shakespeare's wonderful plays called Henry V, in the tines: "I'see you stand lke greyhound in the slips, ‘training upon the start. The game’s afoot: Follow you spirit; and, upon this charge Cry "God for Harry! England and Saint George!” 2.3.6 May Day (May 1st) Inthe United Kingdom, as well as most of Europe, May Day is known as the: ‘end of the winter and beginning of the summer, and itis looked forward to the productive months, In ancient times it was a big festival celebrated through all the: ‘country and celebrates with some music, dancing and games. Oancing wes held around maypoles and it had important people in story such as Robin Hood and dack in Green, 2.3.7 Trooping the Colors This especial day is celebrated because British people celebrate it as the birthday of the Queen, ‘Trooping the ccioris being done this day and consists of ‘CULTURAINGLESA FINE TANLa a military parade and a march in the past. I lasts Uh June 13th, ‘an hour and it happens on 2.38 Nothing Hill Carnival Day and Summer Bank Holiday (Last Monday in August) Itis a camival that is planned on the last Monday in August. ts origins date ‘rom the 1960's and it was celebrated by the Caribbean Inmigrants. It is a joyful celebration because it has 2 lt of customs and music. itis also one of the largest camivals in Europe. 2.3.9 Harvest Festival Iisa celebration of the food ‘gown on the land, ceremonies and Celebrations. to ask for a good rarvest are very old. In England, ‘rey have given thanks for successful harvest for hundreds of years, they celebrate this day by “inging, praying and decorating the churches, its usually celebrated during the month of September. 2.3.10 Bonfire Night (November Sth) Ityou have seen the movie °V for Vendetta" you will probably know that this rnovie is based on the November 5” celebration. itis an important day in the Unites Kingdom, especially in England. This day comes since 1606 and itis called tne Bonfire night (Guy Fawkes Night). Guy Fawkes was a catholic guy who tried to explode the parliament and kill the king because the king had settled some laws, that the Catholics though were unfair. 2.3.11 Christmas Day (December 25th or the Monday immediately following if Christmas falls on @ weekend) Itis a truly magical sea so that brings families and friends together to share the ‘much loved customs and traditions which have been around for centuries. On this holiday, people stay at home with their family I's very similar to the Christmas "CULTURA INGLESA FIME ANTcelebrated in America. both December 25th and December 26th fall on the weekend, the folowing Monday and Tuesday are Bank Holidays, This means that people do not work in order to observe both celebrations. 2.8.12 St Palrick’s Day (March 17th) St. Patrick's Day is held in honor of the patron Saint of Ireland. The work of St Patrick (c.389-c,461) was vital for the spreading of Christianity in ireland. Born in Britain, he was taken off by pirates and spent the next six years being their slave, ‘Nier escaping, he started training as a missionary. Since London has a great quantity of Iish people, it's quite a big celebration, There is a big parade held on tne nearest Monday if it falls on a weekend of March. This annual parade usually takes place in Trafalgar Square. 2.3.19 Tea time In all Bian, the teatime is the most important tadiion every day" Aternaon tea was inocuoed in England by fon, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, in - Sica leone eee nous icone nowy | AAD sround four o'clock inthe afternoon. The evening meal Se inher household wes served fashionably lato ight eS Clock, tus leaving a long period of me tween lunch and dinner Brnkng tea became a habit of hers and she began ining fends to on her. This pause for tea became a fashionable socal even. Burg ‘1890's upperciass and society women shoud change int long gowns, ves and hats for ber afternoon tea whieh wes usualy sored inthe grain room Between four and fe o eck. Nowadays Bish crink 165 millon cups of est and each year around 11400 lore of ta are imported, Tredtinaly Teas served 11:00am and “00pm in the attemoon, Por example, when four oock teproactes, mechanics ina London auio repair shop break ‘or tea. Many factories, ofloes and shope have fecilies for tee making, Some supply the Inorecents fee © employees, and cthers have installed automatic vending wnchines. Blacktea eres n oor, rch and fl bodied, andi 2 bessng indeed in a coi climate. Bick tea provses the poplaon of Briain wth tat extra courage required to get ut of bed, especialy on winter morning, CCOLTURAINGLESA INE TANT8 Activity 14. Your opinion ie important! A) Answer the questions below about holidays and traditions in your country and in the United Kingdom. Use more than 30 words in each answer. Take 15:20 minutes to do this task 11. What is the most important holiday in the United Kingdom? Why? 2, What isthe most important holiday in your country? Why? 3, What isthe most important tradition in your country? Why? 44, How important isthe typical food for a country tke yours? ‘5, What Is the most representative landmark in your country? Wity? CCOLTORNINGLESA Fine ANT88) Discuss your answer with your classmates. Use 10-18 minutes to do this task ) Decide if the next sentences are true or false according to your knowedge: ‘about government. Take 10 minutes to do this task 1. The government in the United Kingdom is very similar to the one in your country. 2. The people in the United Kingdom elect their monarch ina democratic way. 3. There is a constitution in The United Kingdom, 4. Itis possible to adopt a monarchy as @ government system in your county. 5. Amonarchy is better that a Republic 6. The prime minister in the United Kingdom is Tony Bair 7. Theres @ King reigning in the United Kingdom, 8, They crown @ new monarch inthe United Kingdom only when the previous one has die. 9. Lady Diana was to be crowned as 2 Queen before her dead 10.Elizabeth il has the longest time as a queen in The UK. ) Discuss your answers with your classmates around the class. Use 10-15 ‘rinutes to do tis task. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FIME TANTActivity 18 ‘Complete the next mind map TocTunaNGLESA TIME TAN6 2.4 The United Kingdom System of Government ‘The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional Monarch. In a Monarchy, the king ‘or queen is the head of state, (now the UK has a ‘Queen, the Queen Elizabeth Il) and a prime minister is tne head of government. This means that a king or queen reigns with some limits to their power, alongsice with @ goveming body which is the Parliament. The people vote in elections only for choosing some members of Parliament (MPs) to represent them, 2 2.4.1 Constitution ‘The United Kingdom does not have a single, written constitution (a set of rules of government). Bu this does not mean that the UK has an ‘unwritten constitution”. in fact, itis mostly written, but instead of being one formal document, the British constitution is formed from various sources including statute law, case law made by judges, and international treaties. There are also some unwritten sources, including pariamentary conventions and royal prerogatives, 2.4.2 The monarch and government The monarchy is the oldest institution of goverment in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom's monarchy is considered the oldest of all modem constiutional_monarchies (other counivies including Belgium, Norway, the Netherlands, Spain and Monaco). Most ofthe powers once exercised by the monarch have now been devolved to ministers. In certain circumstances the monarch retains the power to exercise personal discretion over issues such as appointing the prime minister and 4issolving Pariament, even though these powers may never be used in practice, ‘or may only be exercised symbolically. In a process of change during which the monarchy’s absolute power has been gradually reduced, custom now dictates that the Queen follows ministerial advice. The Queen performs a range of important duties, such as summoning and Aissolving Pariament and giving royal assent to legisiation passed by the UK Parliament, the Scotsh Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales or the Northem Ireland Assembly ‘The Queen formally appoints important office holders that include the prime minister and other government ministers, judges, officers in the armed forces, CULTURA INGLESA FINE TANgovernors, diplomats, bishops and some other senior clergy of the Church of England, he eee grante pecrages, knighthood and other honor 2.4.3 The Piivy Council and other work The Queen holds Privy Councii meetings, gives audiences to her ministers and officials in the UK and overseas, she receives ‘accounts of Cabinet decisons and she reads dispatches and signs state papers She is Consulted on many aspects of national life and she must show complete impartiaty in the advice she gives. The law states that a regent has to be appointed to perform the royal functions if the monarch is absolute incapacitated. The Privy Council was formerly the chief source of executive power in the state, but as the system of Cabinet government developed in the 18th century, the: Cabinet took on much ofits role. Now, the Privy Counct is the main way in which ministers advise the Queen on the approval of Orders in Counl, such as those ‘ranting Roya Charters or enacting subordinate legislation, or on the issue of royal proclamations such as the summoning or dissolving of Parliament There are zbout 500 Privy Counselors, whose appointments are for life. The: Privy Council consists of all members of the Cabinet, other senior politicians, judges and some individuals from the Commonwealth. Gnly members of the government o° the day play any part in its policy work. The prime minister recommends new members of the Privy Council to the sovereign. 2.44 Queen Elizabeth Il and the Royal family Born in London on April 21%, 1926 (the _—_—_great-great- oP ‘renddaugnter of Queen Victoria DID YoU KNOW? ‘who governmert almost 64 years, 1837-1901), Elizabeth became Queen at the age of 25, on the death of her father, King George VI. She is the 40th monarch since Wiliam the Conqueror. ‘Bs up colts ner Pease ‘Hise wae barn and aguas once ‘eee ater on ‘CULTURA INGLESElizabeth II was crowned on June 2", 1953 in Westminster Abbey, despite having acceded to the throne fon February 6", 1952 when ver father died. Britsh law states thatthe throne is not let'vacant and therefore the fnew monarch sucoeeds the old monarch immediately ‘The official coronation usually takes place months later, as itis considered a happy occasion and not appropriate for the period of mourning ‘Since the moment she assumed the throne after her father King George's dead she decided to be crowned as Elizabeth I. Isabel has DID You KNow? feigned the United Kingdom for 60 years. She is the head ofthe state in Hauns-Elae near all the countries that belong to this ration, countries tke Canada, Susan aid ae i ha Australia and New Zeland among ther thiteen countries, Jn 2012 Queen Elizabeth II celebrated her diamond jubilee in the throne because sne has been the queen for 60 years. She ts the Brilsh queen with more. years reigning, Her official name as a Queen is Elizabeth I! but er real name is Isabel Alexandra Mary. Elizabeth ll was the third in line for geting the throne, before her Prince David (Edward Il) and her father Prince Albert were the options for the throne. She ‘became a queen even ths situation after Eduardo ll abdicated to the crown because he got married with Walis Simpson, who was not a Royal member. Her father Albert did not have male children, when he got married he only had two daughters’ (Isabel and Margarita) Isabel became a queen after her father died because of a thrombosis. CULTURA INGLESA FINE ae TANT“ Isabel is married 10 Prince Philippe, uke of Edimburg and AL thay have been married. for 65 = years, He is 92 years old, Isabel is pS £86 years old and both have a good health. During her reigning, Elizabeth ll has seen passed 12, DID YOU KNOW? minisiers, 12 presidents of the United States of America, four fifuaesfiutaiat Sovietic leaders, five Russian Beal presidents, § Chinese leaders and 6 Popes, Nowadays the Queen is not as wealthy as she was before. She pays taxes as any other British citizen and she has lost privilege. Her annul declaration Indicates that she has less that 600 milion dollar and that she has lost almost 120 milion dollars in a year, even though this situation, she Is sila c'assy queen wno keeps the glamour and the good sense of fashion ‘Some of Elizabeth II belongings are 2 Bentey cars, 3 Rolls-Royce cars, a spectacular Phantom IV from 1950. She has been photographed driving a Land Rover and other vehicles. She learned to drive in 1945 and she is the only person in the United Kingdom who can drive without a driving license or plates. She does not have a passport; she cannot be judged or fined. The Real collection is ‘composed by 100 carriages and in case that it is necessary to travel along the United Kingdom, she has the Royal train for it During her long reigning, Elizabeth Il has officially visited many countries. She is the Queen that has traveled the most around the world, She has been to Mexico twice, in 1975 when Luis Echeverria was the President and in 1983 with Miguel de a Madrid. Mexico is the only Latin American country that her majesty has visited twice. The members of the royal family support the Queen in her public duties, nationally and internationally. Official duties are undertaken by members of the "CULTURA INGLESA FINE TANT0 ‘Queen's close family, such as her children and her cousins (the children of her father's brothers), and their wives or husbands, The royal family plays an important role in supporting and encouraging the public and charity sectors, and around 3,000 organizations list a member of the ‘royal family as a patron or president. There are various charities and organizations supported by @ member ofthe royal family ‘There is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or isnt a member of the royal family, bt those carrying the tile His or Her Majesty (HM), His or Her Royal Highness (HRH) or Ther Royal Highnesses (TRH) are generally considered members. 2.45 The Crown The title to the crown derives partly from statute and partly from common law rules of descent. Despite interruptions in the direct line of succession, inheritance has alvays been the way royal power has passed down the generations, with sons. ofthe sovereign coming before daughters in succeeding tothe throne. When a daughter does succeed, she becomes Queen Regnant and has the ‘same powers 2s a king, The ‘consort of a king takes her husband's rank and styl, becoming Queen. No special rank or privileges are given to the husband of a ‘Queen Regnant Under the Act of Settlement of 1700, only Protestant descendants of Princess Sophia, the Electress of Hanover (a granddaughter of James | of England and VI of Scotland) are eligible to succeed. The order of succession to the throne can be altered. only by common consent of the countries of the Commonwealth of which the monarch is sovereign, The sovereign succeeds to the throne as soon as his or her predecessor dies. He or she is at once prociaimed at an Accession Council, to which all members of the Privy Council are called. Members of the House of Lords, the Lord Mayor, ‘Aldermen and other leading ctizens of the City of London are also invited ‘The coronation follows the accession. The ceremony takes place at Westminster ‘Abbey in London in the presence of representatives of both Houses of Parliament and all the major public organizations in the UK. The prime ministers and leading CULTURA INGLESA FIME TANst members of the Commonwealth nations and representatives of other countries algo attend Astivity 16 "Facts about a famous queen |A) Kereaa the text and ing the information Delow about ine Gueen of the United kingdom in order to answer next questions. 4. What s the Queens’s Real nam 2, What is her name as @ Queen?, 3, How did she get to the throne? 4, What are the Queen's functions? 5. What isthe Queen's Age? 6. ow long has she been a Queen? 7. Who Is going to be the next monarch in the United Kingdom? 8. How do the British like Elizabeth Il as a Queen? CULTURA INGLESA FINE VAN2.46 The Cabinet ‘The Cabinet is @ formal body made up of the most senior goverment ministers chosen by the prime minister; Is the committee at the center ofthe Briish politica system and the supreme decision making body in government. Cabinet ministers are the highest-ranking ministers in the government, and most government departments have one Cabinet minister (or more). Most Cabinet ministers are tiled 'Secretary of Stat’ - although some have traditional lls, such 2s the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Chief Whip. Every Tuesday while Parliament isin session, the Cabinet meets in the Cabinet room at 10 Downing Street to discuss the issues of the day. Historically the Government Cabinets have met in the same room since 1856, when it was called the Counc Chamber. The Prime Minister chairs the meeting and sets its ageng he alto decides who speaks around the Cabinet table and sums up at the end of eachiter In addition to the whole Cabinet meetings, exist a range of Cabinet committees ‘meet in smaller groups to consider policy with other ministers who are closely Involved with the relevant issue. The Prime Minister decides who wil st on these ssmallcommittees. 2.4.7 The Prime Minister ‘As head of the UK government, the Prime Minister oversees the operation of the Civil Service and government agencies, he appoints members of the Cabinet, and he isthe main government figure in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is also, by tradition, the First Lord of the Treasury — and draws his or her salary in that role, rather than as Prime Minister. ‘The Prime Minister's unique position of authority comes from majority support in the House of Commons and the power to appoint and cismiss. ministers. By ‘modem convention, the Prime Minister always sits in the Commons. ‘The Prime Minister presides over the Cabinet, he Is responsible for allocating functons among ministers and, at regular meetings with the Queen, he informs her of the general business of the government. Others responsibilities include recommending @ number of appointments to the Queen. These include high- CULTURA INGLES FINE TaNa ranking members of the Church of England, senior judges and certain civil appointments. He also recommends appointments to several public boards and institutions, The Prime Ministers Office supports him in his role as head of government. This includes providing policy advice, tracking the delivery of government commitments and initiatives, and ensuring effective communications to Pariament, the media and the public, 2.4.8 The Parliament: House of Commons and House of Lords Tho main functions of Parliament are to pass laws, to finance through taxation the work of government, fo scrutinize government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditure, and to debate the major Issues of the day. Parliament at Westminster in London can legislate for the UK as a whole and has powers to legislate for any parts of it separately. However, it will not normally legislate on devolved matters in Scotiand and Northern Ireland without the agreement of the Scottish Parliament and the Norther Ireland Assembly respectively. The Westminster Parliament sill has UK- wide responsibilty in a number of areas including defense, foreign affairs, economic and monetary policy, social security, employment, and equal ‘opportunities. In some cases, UK laws are sometimes extended to the Isiands with their agreement, for example in matters such as immigration and broadcasting Patliament does not conduct itself in this way. Its members work within the common law and normally act according to convention. The House of Commons is directly responsible to the electorate and during the 20th century the House of Lords increasingly recognized the supremacy ofthe elected chamber. ‘The three parts of Pariament- the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Sovereign - only meet together on accasions of symbolic significance such as the State Opening of Parliament when the Commons is summoned by the Sovereign to the House of Lords. The agreement ofall three is normally needed to ass laws, but that ofthe Sovereign is given as a mater of course. ‘CUTURAINGLESA FINE ANCst House of Commons ‘The House of Commons consists of 646 elected MPs. Of the 646 seats, 529 represent constituencies in England, 40 in Wales, 59 in Scotland, and 18 in Northern Irland. After @ Pariament has been dissolved and @ General Election has been held, the Sovereign summons a new Parliament. When an MP dies, resigns or is made a ‘member of the House of Lords a by-election takes place. ‘The chief officer of the House of Commons is the Speaker, elected by MPs to preside over the House. Other officers include the Chairman of Ways and Means land two deputy chairmen, who may all act as Deputy Speakers, They are elected by the House as nominees of the government, but may come from the Opposition ‘as well as the government par. The House of Commons Commission, a statutory body chsired by the Speaker, is responsibie forthe administration of the House. Permanent officers (who are not MPs) include the Clerk of the House of Commons, who is the principal adviser to the Speaker on the House's privileges ‘and procedures. The Clerk's other responsiiliies relate to the conduct of the business of the House and its committees. The Clerk is also accounting officer for the House. The Sergeant at Arms, who waits upon the Speaker, carries out certain ‘orders of the House, He is also the official housekeeper of the Commons’ part of, the Palace of Westminster and is responsible for securly House of Lords ‘The House of Lords is the second chamber or upper house of the UK Parliament. It works with the House of Commons to make laws, scrutinize the ‘actions of the government, and provide a forum of independent expertise. It consists of the Lords Spiriual and the Lords Temporal The Lords Spiritual: include the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Archbishop of ‘York, the Bishop of London, the Bishop of Durham, and the Bishop of Winchester. Membership of the House of Lords also extends to the longest-serving other bishops of the Church of England. ‘The Lords Temporal are hereditary or life peers. They may support a politcal party; non-partisan Lords are called cross-benchers. Legislaion since 1989 has limited the number of herecitary peers and the largest number of peers in the Lords is life poers (whose peerages are not inheritabie). "CULTURA INGLESA FINE TaNThe House of Lords Chamber spends about 60 per cent of its time on legislation; the other 40 per cent s spent on scrutiny - questioning government and debating issues and policy. Committee work takes place outside the Chamber. Each sitting day the Members X of the Lords start by questioning goverment ministers in the (Chamber to find out what they are doing, oF propose to do, on any subject. After these ‘Oral Questions’, Lords may then examine ‘and improve draft legisiation This may have begun in the House of Commons or the House of Lords Members may also debate important topics to highlight what the House thinks on ‘an issue, signaling their views to the country and the government. TMF TANTActivity 17. Su izing the kind of government 1) Re-read the information above then fil in the next map about government ‘syatem in the Unites Kingdom, Tako 20 30 minutes to do the tock facie nr — owe )-aaaaaal aseah aaiah P E TFTTURA INGLES FINETincTimA INGLESR FF TAN s7UNIT 3 EDUCATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM "CULTURA INGLESA IME TANT9 Activity 18, Remembering your basie school, ‘A) Write some ideas that could descrite your opinion or experiences about the topics below. Take 10 minutes to do this task, ‘Your first day at elementary school 2. The qually of your elementa education 3. The worst teacher that you have ever hac 4. Your high school graduation party 65, The education facillies In your county 'B) Discuss your Ideas with some classmates. Go around the classroom and have short conversation with atleast five people. Take 10 minutes to do this task, FN TaN3.1 Education System in the United Kingdom In frst world counties ke The United Kingdom education is @ very important ‘spect oftheir government and according to the education Act of 1944, all children have a right o free school education and at the same time education is compulsory between ages between five and sixteen, This means that going to school is an obligation forall children, Something really interesting is the fact that almost 75% of, children stay at schoo! beyond the age of 16 and 44% of them go on to higher education The diversity that exists between the different countries that form the UK produces different needs and therefore diferent education systems. The United Kingdom has an Intemational reputation for giving home to several top universities that are located across the countries that are pat of it. As in many other countries, the UK's educational system is composed by several diferent levels of education ‘which varies in every autonomous country as the subjects and quaifcations required for studying The goals of the education at a national level are determined by the central education authorities. They promote, manage, and supervise works for improving the development ofthe curricula and national exams, They also offer the minimum shares of educational provision. The Local Education Authorities (LEA) is the responsible for the local and regional education management. Its focused on the educational field and the Counselors that work in this department are publicly elected form the Local Education Authorities Educational institutions drecty depend of LEA, buy they have great autonomy. This freedom Is reduced only in the economic aspect, because all the money is, assigned under specific necessities but their freedom is very wide about teaching siyles, materials, establishment, infrastructure, curiculum, et. There are basically two diferent kinds of system used in the UK; 1° The one that covers the regions of England, Wales and North Ireland, 2° The one that is only used in Scotland, Nowadays in the year 2012, less than 10% of the UK students do not attena publicy-funded state schools, they go to private institutions. There are about 8.5 million kids that go to one of the 30,000 English and Weish schools. There are COLTURAINGLESA ANT6 £830,000 students distributed in about 8,000 Scottish schools; these include pre- schools and special education schoois. Finally, ireland has 350,000 children in 1,300 state schools. Primary schools are usually inlegrated by both, male and female students, while secondary schools can include just members of one sex. ‘According to the law, all English and Welsh children between ages of 5 and 16 ‘must receive a full education, while in Norther Ireland they must begin a year earlier. In 1982, the United Kingdom adopted a National Curriculum, which is required in every state school until pupils turn 16. School learning has four key stages that relate to the curriculum. ‘The National Curriculum was introduced into the UK for guiding the stated schools to a common curriculum in all of them even though private schools may deviate from it. The twelve subjects required in order to follow the National Curriculum are 4. English 7. Geography 2. Mathematics 8. History 3. Science 9. Information and communication 4. At technology 5. Ciizenship 410. Modem Foreign Languages 6. Design and Technology 11, Masio 42, Physical Education ‘The National Curriculum includes more subjects, buy they are less common or exist only in some schools, like Religious Education, Careers education and Sex ‘education Education in the UK can be divided into four stages which are related to the student's age. ‘CULTURA INGLESA IME UANL@ Sto? years oud Stage 2 Tio 11 years old Ti to 14 years old 14 1016 years old ‘The preschool (nursery) is called FS1, because itis the first year before they go Into primary school. Preschoo! is offered to students between 2 and 5 years old ‘and it is provided at the Nursery Schools. Generally, these establishments are: public and part of the LEA, This preschool education is not compulsory and can be provided part time or fll time. There isnt a big tradition atout preschool education in the UK, this is why the number of Nursery Schools is so small ‘The frst nursery was opened in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg, Germany by Friedrich ‘Wilhelm August Frobel ‘The education system in Scotland is managed by the Scottish parliament and i's the most different ofthe UK's educational systems. In Scotland the education is. recommended to start at home, teaching the kids to read and count in English or Gaelic, in order to star formal education al the age of four or five, depending on the: birth day, in the basic level. CULTURA TNGLESA Fie VANE‘Activity 19. What about education in your country? |A) Classy the next sentences as true or false according to your experience with educational system in your country. Take five minutes to do this activity 1. Elementary education is tree forall children. 2. Every state has an independent organism that manages Allaspects related to education 3. Children can study at home or at school 4, There is only a shit to study the elementary school 5. There is nothing to improve in the education system of your country 6. The teachers need better preparation 7. Elementary education is mandatory, 8, Proficiency exams are applied to the children in elementary 9, Allchidren attend to schoo! in Mexico. 1B) Discuss with your partners your answers above. Talk to at least five classmates, Teke 10-15 minutes to do ths task. CCOLTURAINGLESA FE VAN3.1.1 Primary “The primary education period is provided by the Primary schoos. Students stay in them from five to eleven years old (except in Scotland, where students stay until twelve years Old). These first six years of compulsory education are r stuctured in two periods in Primary Schools. e? 1" Infant Schools that covers the Stage 1 2° Junior Schools that covers the Stage 2 The schoo! year begins on September 1st, and itis a period of 39 weeks divided into six parts: September to October, October to December, January to February, pip You KNOW? February to March, April to May, ‘and une to July. School years have holidays in Christmas (2 ‘weeks break), in Spring (2wecks break) and in summer (6 weeks break} ‘Sctoo! holidays in Northem Ireland are also considerably diferent to the rest of the United Kingdom, Norther Irish schools generally only get 1 day off forthe half term holiday (in February, May and October. Christmas holidays usually only consist of a week or so, the same with the Easter vacation, compared to England two weeks. The greatest dliference is that during summer the Northern Irish ‘schoos have a nine week long vacation. ‘Also, there isa special education treatment for kids with some kind of disability, such as, deafness, blindness, or any other physical problem, and also for those who 2re educationally subnormal. There are some handicapped chikdren thal prefer to go to ordinary schools. Special education schools require an extra year for their students to leave, and also provide them with some further education and pre-vocational training. ‘Typically, primary education is provided in schools, but an aliemative means ‘according to the Education in England, parents need to ensure that their children ‘CULTURA INGLESA FMT ANT6 ‘are educated, either by attending schoo! or by altemative means. These days, Homeschooling is a common option in England. In Homeschooling, the parents are ‘ot required to follow the National Curriculum, to be qualified teachers orto follow hours and terms elther. The bad side of this option, however, is that the parents ‘must finance all the needs for their children education. About 94% of pupils in England, and the rest of the UK, receive free education from public funds, while 6 Peer cent attend independent fee paying schools or homeschooling. The rest 6% attend to public schools which are more expensive. 3.4.2 Secondary ‘At the end of the Primary School, there are no final exams and students don't {get any kind of title, After the primary school, atthe age of 11 years old, students have to choose one of two options, these options are the starting of the Secondary ‘School and itis cover by the Stages 3 and 4 previously mentioned. Option 1. Grammar Schools, Grammar Schools provide the whole Secondary Education. In order to enter to these schools it Is necessary to pass a selective exam. Their objective is to prepare students to enter to the universities. There are other options to enter Universities which are not selective and free, so as a consequence of this, the percentage of students in the UK that assist to Grammar Schools is reduced. Itis important to mention that after World War Il, the government of The United Kingdom reorganized the secondary schools into two basic types. Secondary modems were intended for ehildren who would be going into a ade and concentrated on the basics plus practical skill: grammar schools were intended for children who would be going on to higher education and concentrated on the Classics or science. This system lasted until the 1960s, at which point changes in the political cimate led to the general acceptance that this was a discriminatory ‘system which was nat getting the best out of all children. This was partly because some authorities tended to priorlize their budgets on the grammar schools, ‘damaging the education prospects of children attending secondary modems. ‘CULTURA INGLESA TUANL“Option 2. Comprehensive School Opposite to Grammar schools, Comprehensive Schools admit students without a selective exam, and later they are grouped into two or three learning groups DID YOU KNOW? ‘according to their capacity. Students stay at Comprehensive Hlssuamiinaa its ‘Scrools from 11 after they have San finished the Primary School, to 16 years old when the compulsory ‘education ends. At the end of the key stage 4 when students finish the Secondary School, they ‘are evaluated with the main extern exam for students that have already finished the Secondary School. This exam is the General Cerificste of Secondary Education (GCSE), The state schools in an area are usually run directly by the local authority which Is responsible for appointing the teachers and others staff as well as deciding rere new schools are bull, This is always the case in Scotland but in other parts. ‘of The United Kingdom there are alternatives such as foundation schools run by a ‘governing body, voluntary schools, many of which are church schools, and ‘academies, which are bull with some private money end run as independent ‘schools in the state sector. ‘Compulsory Education: Secondary Schoo! Il The students take about 10 GCSE examinations in diferent sued, tke mathematics and English language. There are diferent opticior Comtinuing studying: They may continue their education @—- Wtational orci alge: ey may ao eve scandy stacing SEN They take a higher level of secondary oP S e700! examinations known as AS-Levels ater an extra year of studying which are -—-—DID YOU KNOW? required for entering a university in the austen Uk, ater two years of studying “ 7 eSuiemnm ‘CULTURA INGLESA TMo Activity 20. How sinilar ordi ‘education system in your country from tha ana fram Tha Lote Kingdom? |A) Fil in the chart about education facte in the United Kingdom and your country. ‘Aspects The United Kingda Your country ‘Ages (0 enter to elementary and junior high ‘Carfculum a primary Hoidays inthe year CocrunaNcLesa TNE TaN‘Exams taken to determine level of improverment “Studying hours Activity B. Do you have similar ideas? ‘Compare your information with a classmate and try to agree in the facts aspects presented. Take 10 minutes to do this task ‘CULTURAINGLESA FINE TANT9 3.1.3 Higher education ‘Around 1.8 milion students who have successfully completed an A-Level are currently studying inthe higher education system of the UK and approximately 2 third of young people go on at the age of 18 to higher education, being almost '50% Scotish students. Undergraduate degrees take four years course to complete In Scotland, while in the rest of the states take only three leading to a first degree ‘such as Bachelor of Aris (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc). Some degrees such as medicine, dentstry, veterinary science take up to six years. When graduate level is reached, it only takes a year to have a master’s degree, two for a research master’s degree and three for a doctoral degree, Higher education is not free. Students have to pay a contribution to the cost of teaching (tution less) and also have to pay their living costs (maintenance). The ‘government provides loans to help them pay for university education which have to be paid back from earings once their income reaches a certain level. In recent years government policy has tried to increase the percentage of 18 year old that go to university, which is now a 40% double the 1990 figure, but this grown has been atthe expense of the amount of financial support given to individual students. Universities receive money from the slate for each student and they are responsible for employing staff and deciding which course to offer. The head of a University, whois responsible forts management, is called a Vice-chancellr. Since 1992 the government began to eliminate distinctions between universities and other education centers for higher education. All universities in The United Kingdom are autonomaus and each one decides diplomas and certificates granted, It also decides the conditions for obtaining them, most include research and courses at pre- and post-graduate. Education in the UK is provided in the following institutions: + Universities There about 50 universities in the United Kingdom, eight of them are in ‘Scotland, two are in Norther Ireland, there is one in Wales and the rest are in England. These institutions have great autonomy in spite of whieh they are public, funded, supported by the University Grants Commitee. ‘CULTURA INGLESA TIME VANE0 + Polytechnics ‘These are centers of higher education that usually specialize in applied science: {or commercial and industrial sectors and also offer some humanistic disciplines. They were created to extend higher education in order to respond economically 10 the social and economic needs, meet young people wit diverse skis and focus on apalying knowledge. They offer courses full or part time, all geared to get the professional field and are closely related to industy, business and professional Corporations. A committee for the polytechnic institutions does the same work as that of Vice-Chancallors in universities: the Committee of Polytecmies, Colleges They consist of nature centers and extensive options. They are not universities, and they have several names: College of Higher Education, Colleges of Ars, Agricuture Colleges, etc. Also, the polytechnics institutions ard some Colleges. may issue Degrees thal the National Council Degree grants, ducation and polities Education is one of the most important topics of poltical debate in Britain Governments of both main politcal parties have recognized the Importance of ‘education in helping Britain to adapt to its role as a post-industil society. The loss. cof milions of manufacturing jobs in the 1980s created an urgent need for an ‘education ayatem that equipped all schoot-leavers for the demands of a modern ‘economy. Central government now plays a more important role in an education Poly at the expensive of local authorities and individual head teachers, and many people in the teaching profession feel that the many changes introduced by goremment make their job harder. FIME ANCn Activity 21. Reviewing information, |A) Wilte five questions that can be answered with the information given ‘about higher education in England. Include the answers. You may use the next structure in your questions. Wheword + daldoesitid *person + verb + complement or Wh-word + is fare was /were + person + complement. ‘Take 15-20 minutes to do ths task. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FIME TANn Activity 22. lit ifiul to have @ maior in vour country? 'A) Write some ideas that you may have in order to get majored in your county. “Take 16-20 minutes to do this task neAstvity 23. Sharing ideas 'A) Write @ paragraph made of 70-100 words explaining the way a person can get a degree in your country. Take 20-30 minutes todo this task. ‘CULTURA INGLESA TIME ANT a3.2 The most important Universities in English World Countrlos 8.244 University of Cambridge: 1h 1209 a group of scholars, looking for a refuge from hostile f tounsmen in Oxford, congregated at Cambridge for the purpose of studying. The University of Cambridge isa public research university in Cambridge, England. Itis the second-oldest university in the UK. By 1226, the students wore numerous enough to set up an organization that was represented by an offical called a Chancellor, and to arrange regular courses of study. Cambridge's status was enhanced by a charter in “231 from King Henty Ill of England. In 1284, Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse, the first College at Cambridge. Over the succeeding centuries, ancther 30 colleges would be founded. For instance, in 1441 Henry VI founded King's College, laying the first stone of the chapel in 1446. The most recent College, Robinson, was founded in 197911 interesting to note that in the early Centuries students at Cambridge University were taught in Latin. The University of Cambridge is rich in history. Sir Isaac Newton (1649-1727) frst attended Cambridge in 1661. Together with his, followers, he pursued diverse scientific investigations and the University saw a rapid expansion in the number of professorships in mathematics and the sciences, many of them were made possible through private donators. Mathematics came to dominate studies in that ‘ime. Intaly, only mate students were enrolled into the university, but there were some colleges for women: Girton College (founded comm by Emily Davies) in 1869 and Newrham | College in 1872 (founded by Anne Clough ‘and Henry Sidgwick) Cambridge has 31 colleges but in three of them, Murray Edwards, Newnham and Lucy Cavendish, only women are admitted. The: ‘ther colleges are mixed, though most were: ‘CULTURA INCLESA FE ANE8 nally all male. Darwin was the first college to admit beth men and women. The alumni of the University often become very successful. Among other famous alumni are John Harvard (who later founded Harvard University), the poet. John Milton and many of the most important scientific discoveries and revolutions were made by Cambridge alumni, Some of them incude understanding the scientific method, by Francis Bacon; the laws of motion and development of calculus by Sir Isaac Newton; the discovery of the electron, by J. J. Thomson; the spiiting of atom, by Emest Rutherford and the nucleus, by Sir John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton; the unification of electromagnetism, by Jemes Clerk Maxwell; the discovery of hydrogen, by Henry Cavendish and the theory of Evolution by natural selection, by Charles Darwin, ‘Students from the university have won Nobel prizes, Fields Medals, Abel Prizes and many more prestigious awards. Cambridge University has more graduates that {90 on to become Nove! Laureates than any other universiy in the world ~ with 61 so far. That is 13 more than the next best hich is Harvard University. The first Nobel Laureate from Cambridge University was Lord Rayleigh, who discovered Argon in the 1904, this was followed by JU Thomson in 1906, who investigates the electrical conductivity of gases. In 1932, both Lord ‘Adrian and Charles Sherrington were ‘warded Nobel Laureates for theie work on the function of neurons, Two of the most influential Nobel Laureate winners from this University were Howard Florey and Emst Chain, who together discovered penicilin. The discovery of penicilin has undoubtedly changed modem society, Other Nobel Laureate winners from Camiridge include: James Chadwick (discovered the neutron); John. Hicks (discovered equilibrium theory); Charles Barkla (discovered the Characteristics of X-rays); and most recently, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan for his: studies of the structure and function of the ribosome. ‘acToRA INGLESA Tne TANSome of Britain's leading politician's studied at Cambridge University — including the Ist Prime Minister ~ Kobert Walpole and titeen additional tints Prime Ministers Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector was also a graduate of Cambridge, over 25 foreign Heads of Government graduated from this University, including the current Prime Ministers of Jordan, Singapore and India as well as the Presidents of Trinidad and Tobago and Zambia, Many of the world’s best known and loved writers and poets were graduates from Cambridge. C-S. Lewis who is best known for writing the Chronicies of Namia was 2 Professor of Medieval and Renaissance English in this University. E.M. Forster ~ best known for his book ‘Howards End! ~ studied at Cambridge between 1897 and 1901. Another famous writer who graduated from Cambridge University was John Boynton Priestey best known for his books ‘An Inspector Calls! and ‘The Good Companions’. Other writers include: C.P, Snow, Irs Murdoch, AA. Milne, Jin Yong anc Christopher sherwood. Modern-day writers include: Nick Homby, Robert Harris, Alan Bennet, AS. Byatt, Sir Peter Shaffer and Douglas Adams. There are some poets ‘hat attended Cambridge University. Some of the best known include: Robert Herrick, Thomas Gray, Cecil Day-Lewis, Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Lord Byron. Stephen Hawking became the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 1978 and continues his pioneering resaarch ‘on singularities and black holes; in 1988 he published the best seller book “A Brief History of Time”, \ The Cambridge's motto is Hinclucemetpocula sacra (latin) “From here, ight and sacred draugths”. The Duke of Edinburg is the Cambridge's Chancellor and Professor, Sir LeszekBorysiewicz is Vice-Chancellor. In addition to the 31 colleges, the university is made up of over 150 departments, faculies, schools, syndicates and other institutions. Approximately 17 % of students are foreign. In 2008 the University of Cambridge celebrated its 800th anniversary. TTOCTURA INGLESA IME TANT” Activity 24, Facts about Ca A) Reread the information presented above about this prestigious university and Write some information that any student should know about Cambridge. Take 10-18 minutes to do this activity. Name: Location: Year of foundaion Founder: Motto: Famous graduated students Nobel Prizes CULTURA INGLESA FINE TANT3.2.2 University of Oxtord ‘Oxford is considered the oldest university in the English-speaking world; Oxford is a unique and historic institution. There is nc clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry Il banned English students from attending the University of Paris, ‘The University of Oxford assumed 2 leading role In the Vielorian ea, especially in religious controversy. From 1833 onwards the Oxford Movement sought to revitalize the Catholic aspects of the Anglican Church. One of is leaders, Jahn Newman, became & Roman Catholic in 1846 and was later made @ Cardinal. In 1860 the new University Museum was the scene of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, champion of ‘evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce. From 1878, academic halls were estabished for women ard they were admitted to {ull membership of the University in 1920. Five all-male colleges first admitted women in 1974and, since then, all coleges have changed their statues to admit both women and ‘men. St Hida’s College, which was originally for only women, was the last of Oxford's single sex colleges. Ithas admitted both men and women since 2008. During the 20th and early 21st century, Oxford added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has lenhanced and strengthened its role as an interational focus for learning and a forum. {or intelectual debate, = The Oxford's motto Is Dominus luminatio Mea (latin) “The Lord is my light”. The Rt Hon Lord Patten of Bames Is the Oxford's Chancellor There are thity colleges of the University Oxford and six Permanent Private Halls, each controling its membership and with ts own internal structure and actviies, The heads of Oxford are known by various provide social, cultural and recreational ‘activities for thelr members, TOLTURA INGLESA ME TANT8 Throughout its history, Oxford has produced gifted men and women in every sphere of human endeavor who have studied or taught at the University. Among these there are 26 British Prime Ministers, including the current one, Rt Hon David Cameron MP; at least 30 international leaders; 49 Nobel Prize winners; 7 cutrent holders of the Order of Merit; at least 12 saints and 20 Archbishops of Canterbury; and some 120 Olympic medal winners. ‘At least 117 Oxonians were elected to Parliament in the UK's General Election in 2010, and more than 140 sit in the House of Lords. The offices of Prime Minister, Foreign Secretary, Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer are all currently hheld by Oxford graduates, as are those of Secretary of State for Energy and Climate ‘Change, Secretary of State for Education, Secretary of State for Transport, Secretary of ‘State for Culture, Olympics. Media and Sport and the Chief Secretary to the Treasury In additon, at least two members of the US House of Representatives, three members of the US Senate and one US State Governor were educated at Oxford, Some scientists graduated between 17th & 18h Centuries. 5 Some of them are Edmund Halley, astronomer, Wiliam Harvey, a Sieniat who" decoveted SS Greulaton ‘of the blood, Robert zz Hooke, scientist. In the 20th & 21st Centuries some graduated from Oxford are Dame Josephine Bames, first female President of the British Medical Associaton; Sir Tim lsat mama Bemers-Lee, inventor of the World fitstizasiteg Wide Web; Professor Stephen Hawking, physicist In politics some graduated are Bill Clinton, President of the United States, 1993- 2001; John Kufuor, President of Ghana 2001-2009; Hon Raymond Robinson, President Of Trinidad and Tobago, 1997-2003; Or. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India, 2004. ther graduated are Wiliam Golding, Nobel Prize-winning novelist; Mark Thompson, Director-General of the BBC; Sir Kingsley Amis, Monica Al, Sie Kingsley Ami, Wiliam Boyd, Graham Greene, Mark Haddon, Joseph Heller, Aldous Huxley, HariKunzru are important authors; W H Auden, Sir John Belleman, Edmund Blunden, Cecil Day Lewis, Wendy Cope, T S Eliot poets; Emilia Fox, Hugh Quarshie, Rosamund Pike, Hugh Grant actors. DID You KNOW? ‘CoLTURA INGLESA TNE VANE2 Monica Ali, author of Brick Lane, Alentejo Blue and In the Kitchen Stephen Hawking, physicist and author of the bestseller, A Brief History of Time aay e z ‘The Nobel Prize has been awarded every year since 1901 for achievements in pysice, chemi, meric, Werte. and se peace. It is an international award administered by the Nobel Faundaton in Stockholm, Sweden, Oxford Urivrsty have Nobel Piz winners in Chemisty, Economic, Lire, Medione, Peace and Physics Lester 8 Pearson, Prime Minister of Canada, 1963-1968, and a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize = as a oe Oliver Smithies, winner of the Nobel Prize for ES - eee IG sep, srw st nit nt Literature in 2001 ‘CULTURA INGLESA TIME UANLe ‘A) Reread the informaion presented above about this prestigious university and. Write some information that any student should know about Oxford. Take 10- 418 minutes to do this task. Name: Location ‘Year of foundation: Founder: Moto: Famous graduated students: Nobel Prizes CULTURA INGLESA FINE UANL2 Another important University in English speaking world is not located in the United Kingdom, itis located in The United States of America and it's considered the best tniversity in the world: Harvard University 3.2.3 University of Harvard Harvard was established in 1636. It is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The name Harvard comes from the college's first benefactor, the young minister John Harvard of ‘Charlestown, Upon his death in 1638, he lft his library and half of his ‘estate to the institution established in 1636 by vote of the Great and Generel Cour of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ‘The mission of Harvard College Is to create knowledge, to open minds of students to the knowledge, and to enable students to take best advantage of their educational ‘opportunities. To these ends, the College encourages students to respect ideas and their free expression, and to rejoice in discovery and in critical thought: to pursue excellence na spirit of productive cooperation; and to assume responsibilty for the ‘consequences of personal actions. Education at Harvard should liberate students to ‘explore, to create, to challenge, and to lead In April 2012, Hervard and The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced EdX, a partnership created to offer online learning to millions of people ‘around the world. EGX will offer Harvard and MIT classes online for free, with as broad ‘an inital set of courses as possible. The frst courses are scheduled to be announced in early summer and wil startin fal, 2012 They understand that the through of financing four years of college can be an attractive prospect for anyone, and they are eager to help students and their family Understand thei financial aid programs and assist them in finding ways to meet their college costs. Financial Ald Initative for low and moderate income students from families with incomes currently below $60,000 are not expected to contribute to college costs. Begirning inthe fall of 2012, financial aid will be further expanded for low income students, when this income level willbe increased to $65,000. Familes with students on scholarship pay an average of $11,500 annually toward the cost of a Harvard Education. More than 60 percent of Harvard College students receive scholarship aid, and the average grant this year is $40,000. Since 2007, Harvard's investment in financial aid has climbed by more than 70 percent, from $986 milion per year. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FE TANT5 During the 2012-2013 academic year, students from families with incomes below $65,000 will generally pay nothing toward the cost of attending Harvard College, Families with incomes between $65,000 and $150,000 wil contribute from 0 to 10 percent af income, depending on individual circumstances. Significant financial ald also is avaliable for families above those incomes ranges. The tetal 2011-2012 cost of attending Harvard College without financial aid is $36,308 for wuton and $52,662 for tuition, room, board and fees combined, Harvard College has around 21,000 students. Harvard University is made up of 11 principal academic units ~ten faculties and the Radciffe Institue for Advanced Study. Drew Gilpin Faust (woman) is the Harvard University President. is Library isthe largest ‘academic library in the United States (17 milion volumes), and the second largest Nprary inthe country ‘These are some famous graduated students from Harvard University Eight U.S. Presidents have graduated from Harvard and 44 Nobel Laureates have been affiated Mexican Presidents that have graduated from Harvard are Felipe Calderon, Carlos. Salinas de Gortari and Miguel de la Madr. John Adams (October 30, 1735-July 4, 1826). He was an American poltician, was the county's second President (1797-1801),iohn Quincy Aiams (July 11, 1767- February 23, 1848) was the sixth U.S. President (1825-1829). - ee Rutherford B. Hayes (October 4, 1822-January 17, 1893). ‘An American politician, lawyer, and military leader, Rutherford Birchard Hayes served as the 19th President of the X United States (1877-1881), Theodore “Teddy"Roosevelt (October 27, 1856-Januery 6, 1919), the 26h Prescot ote Unt Sos (or fie +909), Frankin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882-April 12, 1945) wes the only American president elected to more than two terms, serving in office from 1933-1945. He was also the 44th Governor of New York (January 1, 1929- CULTURAINGLESA FINE VANEa December 31st, 1932), Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1913-1920), and New York. State Senator (January 1, 1911-March 17, 1913) John F. Kennedy (May 29, 1917-November 22, 1963) John Fitzgerald “Jack’ Kennedy, offen referred to as JFK, ‘assassination. George Walker Bush (bon July 6, 1948) was the 43rd President of the United States (2001-2008). Bush isthe eldest s0n of the 44st U.S. President, George H.W. Bush. Barack Obama (born August 4, 1961) Barack Hussein Obama |, the 44th and current Prosident of the United States’ (assumed January 20th, 2008), is the frst African American to ever hold the office (Obama was previously a United States Senator from Ilinois| (Wanuary 3rd, 2005-November 16tn, 2008), and Member of the llinois Senate from the 13th district (January 8th, 1997- November 4th, 2004). His acs of legisttion signed into law are known as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (February, 2009), and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (March, 2010). On October 8th, 2009 he was awarded the year's Nobel Peace Prize, “for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen 'nternational iplomacy and cooperation between peoples." Felipe Calderon (born August 18tn, 1962) Hinojosa assumed office as the current President of Mexico, Throughout the course of his term, Calderon has worked to reform the state judicial system, strengthen the ‘energy sector, incvease jobs, and fight crime and drug cartels. His career has been involved with the National {Acton Party (PAN), serving in various positions. He was elected for one six-year term, without the possibilty of re-election, ending in 2012 TTULTURAINGLESA IME TANTWiliam Henry “Bil” Gates Ill (bom October 28, 1955) , an American business magnate and philanthropist, ‘was the Co-founder (1875) with Paul Allen, Chairman (1975-2000), President (1977-1982), and CEO (1992-1998) of Microsoft Corporation, tone of the most recognized brands in the computer industry. Gates is the author of two books: The Road Ahead (1995), and Business @ the ‘Speed of Thought (1888). He 1s consistently ranked among the world’s wealthiest people. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE TANTActivity 26, Facts about Harvard 4) Reread the information presented above about this prestigious university and \Write some information that any student should know about Harvard. Use 10-15 minutes inthis activ ty Name: Location ‘Year of foundation: Founder Motto Famous graduated students Nobel Prizes (CULTURA INGLESA IME ANC‘CULTURA INGLESA FE VANEUNIT #4 ss a SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM "CUCTURAINGLESA ME TANTActivity 27 Origin of popular inventions. 'A) Choose from the Inventions given the five things that you think were invented by ‘a Mexican. Take 5-10 minutes to do this task. When you finish, your teacher will tell you the correct answers ‘ventions Penicin Rocket belt Contraceptive pil Polio Vaccination Color TV Instant book maker Mouse pad Facebook www Telephone Digital Camera Gravity Laws Steam engine Trans lucid concrete Mexican inventions B) After discovering the five Mexcan inventions, write the person who invented them. These are the inventors: Guilermo Gonzalez Camarena, Juan Manuel Lozano, Vielor Calorin, Amanda Femander.lael Sasa and Luis Micamontes Take 15-20 minuies to do this task. Mexican inventors ‘Their Inventions 1 2 3 4 5. 6 TIME ANCActivity 28 Inventions from three countries A) Think about the Important Inventions from these 3 courivies. Take 5 minutes to do this task, 1B) Work with a partner and share information about Important Inventions, Take minutes to do this task ©) Write 7 Inventions, including the United Kingdom, USA and Mexico Take § minutes to do this task. TTOLTURA INGLESA FINE TAN91 1) Now write @ short text about advantages that one of these inventions brought to the world. Take 10-16 minutes to do this task, ) Go around the classroom and share infonnation fou have abuut Inventions wilt five classmates, do not forget to practice your English in your conversation. Take: 10 minutes todo this task ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE ANT41Inventions from United Kingdom Activity 20. Gadgets that make your life easier. Write 30 words about each invention 1) Do you know the next five inventions? 2) Write as much as you know about them and their benefits for you, 3) Take 30 minutes to complete the next task ‘The telephone Peniciline ‘CUcTURAINGLESA FINE TANTRadar, Steam machine CULTURAINGLESA TIME WANE422 Inventors and Inventions from United Kingdom Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) was an English businessman who invented @ machine in 1769 using ‘water power for spinning cotton, which had been spun. by hand until then, He built his own factory and became ‘one of the early leaders of the Industral Revolution, Henry Bessemer(i843.08) was an English Engineer and invertor, best SN Known for Inventing. the Bessemer > Process in 1855, 2 way of making see! i) by blowing air ek, through melted iron pI You KNOW? Jig to remove tre other substances from k iat ‘Aexander Graham Bel (1847-1822) a Scientist and Inventor who is best known for inventing the Telephone in 1876. He was bor in Scolland but from 1872 he moved to the US, where he later started tne Bell Telephone Company which became one of the largest companies in America. 3 George Boole (1815-64) was an English mathematician who invented 2 type of mathematical logic known as Boolean Algebra in 1854. A ‘imple form that later became the language of computers. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE UANLFrank whittle is well known for being an English engineer, best known for inventing the jet engine in 1928, the type of fengine now used in most aircraft, which gives. forward movement by releasing @ stream of cases at high speed behing i I cen otis ws Ect ncn wo cs sk led sas ares ce ee oe ae prea desea Ee cea uae nae tae James Watt was @ Scottish inventor whose work played an Important =) part in tne cevelopment of tne steam engine in 1/74, HS designs Tor tengines improved on those in existence al the time because they used much less fuel. Watt's engines were the first to be suitble for use in factories and ware therefore one of the major advances in industry that Jed to the Industrial Revolution, George Stephenson was born on June 9th, 1781, in the ‘coal mining vitage of Wyiam, England. Wagons toaded with coal passed through Wylam several times a day. ‘These wagons were drawn by horses -- locomotives had ‘not yet been invented. George Stephenson's first job was to watch over a few cows owned by a neighbor which ‘were allowed to feed along the road; George was paid two cents a day to keep the cows out of the way of the ‘coal-wagons; and also, to dose the gates after the day's work ofthe wagons was over. In 1813, George Stephenson became aware that Wiliam Hedley and Timothy Hackworth were designing locomotive for the Wylam coal mine, So at the age of twonty, George Stephenson began the construction of hie fel lecomotive, It should be noted that at this time in history, every part of the engine had to be made by hand, and hammered into shape just lke a horseshoe, CULTURA INGLESA TNE ANC96 Charles Darwin was an English Naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selecion. As @ young ran-be spent five years (on ) British ship. HMS ES a Be pu ee \\Beagiey/(the ship) visited coats and eies cence NU dares in the southem part of te word Seperate The different types of animals and plants a that_he found, especially in the ‘sities Galapagos Islands in the Pacific, led him fo believe that living things ‘develop differently In aifferent places over long Periods of ime. Darwin retumed to England in 1836 and spent the next 23 years collecting evidence to support his theory. When he published On the Origin of ‘Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859) it caused much argument and anger because it seemed to disagree with the story of creation in the Bible, Most people now accept the ‘main points of Darwin's Theory, and many see it and the Bible {2 two ways of saying the same thing, ut others, especially in the US, interpret the Bible account literally and believe that only creationism, also called creation science, should be taught in schools. Richard Trevitick was an English engineer who was the fst man to develop steam engines into vehicles carrying passengers. The fist of these were to be used on roads, but in 1804 he bul the frst steam tengine that moved on rai. Bames Walls was an English engineer. He designed some of the most mportant sircraft and weapans of Worl War Il, including the Welington and Wellesley bombers and a bouncing bomb used to destroy dams. After the war he invented the ‘swing-wing” aircraft and helped to design Concorde. CULTURA INGLESA FINE ANT7 William Thomson was a British physicist and inventor. He did much work on the laws of thermodynamics and in 1848 produced a temperature scale that ~~ later became known as the Kelvin Scale. He also did important ‘Work in the areas of magnetism and electricity. He invented many scientific instruments, especially for use at sea, and was Inthe log of e atcale undertheAleic: QA English chemist Humphrey Davy = Severe of he tat eerie oe make use of electricity to break chemical compounds into their DID YOU KNOW? separate elements. Between 1807 ‘and 1808 he discovered six aoe chemical elements, including ikuiatatinansiiaas calcium, potassium and sodium. austen | However, he is better known for @ practical invention that ‘saved many lives in 1816: the Davy Lamp, a safe lamp to be || [| used in cos! mines, This was widely used in mies uni it || f| was replaced by the electric lamp in the 20” century. Dorothy Hodgkin was an English scientist who did important work on the structure of crystals. She discovered the structure of penicilin, vitamin 812 and insulin. In 1064 she received the Nobel Prize for chemistry. ‘ila Herschel was a British astronomer, born in Germany. He was originally a musician but became an astronomer by studying the sky through telescopes he made himself. He discovered Uranus, the first new planet to be identified since ancient times, and proved the P, existence of double stars after becoming the official astronomer to King George Il ILTURAINGLESA TIME TANT98 Seale lisa se falevoterese ere et eee Pare oe oer ee Le a See ee AGN soypegeumensuee Edmond Halley was an English astronomer and mathematician who was a close friend of Isaac Newon, He is best remenbered for Halley's Comet, which was named after him, A comet is a bright ‘object that moves though space round the sun with a tall of burning {ga and dust. Halley corectly presicted that this one would return regularly to be seen in the night sky approximately every 76 years. Francis Crick was an English scientist. His work with James Watson at the Cavendish Laboratory led to the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, Crick, Watson and Maurice ‘Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize for this work In 1962. Crick’s later career involved work on the visual system and the brain, and he published a book Rowland Hill was @ British Post Office worker who invented the postage stamp, originally costing one penny. Before this, postage was paid by the person receiving a leller or parcel. Hill was made a ul knight in 1860, oe ‘Alexander Fleming was a Scottish scientist who became well known for discovering penicilin, the fs anit hat succsstuly Kile bacteria and cured infections. Shored the Nobel Prize in 1986 for DID YOU KNOW? medicine with two colleagues Who Saizsnaseaemn helped him to develop the use of Baatiearemattats penicilin, i CULTURA INGLESA FINE” Jane Goodall is remembered as a British scientist who became famous for her study of chimpanzees. She discovered that these animals can use tools. Before her studies, people thought that these animals could not use tools. Before her studies, people thought that only humans understood how to make and use tools with their hands. At the age of 23, she met Dr. Lou's Leakey on a tip to ‘Afra and became his assistant, Then she went to Gombe National Park in Tanzania in 1960. She lived and worked there studying how chimpanzees live. She has won many prizes for her work and in 197 she started the Jane Goodall Insitute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation, She was made a dame in 2006. 441 Thomson was an English physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1908 for discovering the electron. He was. also Fesponsibie for tunning the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England, which became the woris's leading center for research into atomic physics. His son George Thomson (1892-1875) and seven of his assistants all won Nobel Prizes, scsctioy do Haven Yee 68) ae Brith art Jone! CM Se" See orotic many or Bratest ow ace Fe eta th cooany ar Georg parce Mi War and tote eM Tor lane eu os he a toe Caretta et ptsroe poe, e conpany enon pan fae Ste CULTURA INGLES FINE VAN0 Activity 30, ‘A) Wirte about an invention that you consider itis the best invention ever, it does not matter its nationally. Use the next key words (Helped, brought, improved, today, invention, design, idea). Write moro than 100 words in your text. Take 20-25 minute to do this task, BB) Think about advantages and disadvantages these inventions caused to People nowadays, Take 15 minutes to do this task. Inventions: Penicilin, Viagra, Color Television, Electric Motor, WWW, Facebook Invention Advantages: Disadvantages CULTURAINGLESA FINE TANT01 Activity 34, More inventions! \ite 30 words about each invention. Take 30-40 minutes to do this task. A) Do you know the next five inventions? 8) White as much as you know about them. C)Take 30minutes to complete the next task Light bulb ‘CULTURA INGLESA INE VAN.wor Einstain’s formula Vacuumelearer. ‘CULTURAINGLESA FINE UANL103 45 inventors and Inventions from the United States of America George Eastman was an American who invented a camera sirall enough to carry and fim in a flexible roll He started a company in 1884 that later became the Eastman Kodak company. His Kodak box camera ‘was first sold in 1881 and the Brownie camera in the 1900. This made photography avallable to many ordinary people forthe first time. Richard Feynman (1918-88) was a US Physicist who began the first i research into quantum electrodynamics. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize for physics for his work inthis field. His Feynman diagrams help to explain the behavior of substances and light during World War I, Feynman Worked on the Manhattan Project. in 1986, he was @ member of the ‘Committee that investigated the explosion of the Challenger Spacecraft. James D Watson is well known for being @ US scientist who did | important work on DNA (=the substance in the human body that passes | fom parents to children and makes it possible to identity every individual * human being). He worked mainly at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, England, and in 1962, with Francis Crick and Maurice Wikns, he won the Nobel Prize for medicine for his work Henry Ford was the American who created the Ford car in 1885 and changed the motor industry by Introducing new ways of making cars in great numbers. He began the Ford Motor Company in 1903 and five years tater produced the first Model T. He became very rich ‘and successful, and established te International Ford Foundation. ‘CULTURA INGLESA TIME ANTmoe R Buckminster Fuller was an engineer from US and inventor of devices and buildings that made the most efficient use of materials. His best-known inventions inckide the ‘geodesic dome and the Dymaxion House. Fuller also created the idea of ‘Spaceship Earth’ which imagines all people on earth as travelers together through space. He was awarded the Presidential. wae ae = " Temas Edson 8788) ws a nas US ct inventions included a machine for reproducing sound, the electric light bulb and the kinescopic camera which was later used in cinemas He produced the first talking films in 1912. His femous Phrase “Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety per cent perspiration’ Albert Einstein( 1879-1955) a physicist, born in Germany. who was possibly the greatest scientist of the 20th century. In’ 1905 he fublshed his theory of relativly. This led to equation giving the relation between mass and energy (E=mc*) which is the basis of lomic energy. Einstein suggested how it could be used for making ‘weapons, but after World War I he spoke publicity against nuclear ‘weapons, 1917, he had become famous allover the world, He was glen the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. When Hitler came to power, Einstein, who was Jewish, went 'p ve to US, becoming US citzen in 1940. In 1933 he wrote a book called why war? with Sigmund Freud. He became a professor at Princeton University in 1834, and he spent the rest of is life looking, without success, for a theory that combined those of ‘avitalion and electromagnetism, In 1952 he was offered the presidency, the positon of president of the state of Israel, but he did not accept it 2 Samuel Colt was ‘an American who invented the revolver (@ gun with a container for bullets that tums) in 1835. It was sometimes called the colt 'six shooter’ because it ‘ould hold six bullets. Another name ‘pr itwas the The Great Equalizer er CULTURA INGLESA a105 It was first used by the US Army in the Mexican War. Colt buit the world’s largest factory in 1855 at Hartford, Connecticut. where the colt company is stil based Isaiac Asimov (1820-82) was US writer of scence ficvon who Invented the wore! Rohoties Dolby is an electronic system that reduces noise to improve the sound fof tape recordings, fms, etc. It was invented in London by Ray Dolby (1933.), a recording engineer born in he US. James Dyson was es an English designer 2 and inventor who ‘developed 2 vacuum DID You kt cleaner in 1974 which works without a bag and i's therefore more efficient. Called the ‘sania Dyson, it was first made in Japan land is now a best- selling make of ‘vacuum cleaner in many countries, q Bill Gates is @ US businessman who, in association with Paul Allan, started the: Microsoft Corporation when he was only 19 on April 4th, 1975, Microsof is a company dedicated to the computer industry and itis established in Redmond Washington, USA, Microsoft was the creator of the operating system windows. This produc is being used 8 Microsoft Windows operating system. He is thought to be the richest person in the ‘world. His foundation called Gates Foundation, gives money to educational and health projects. He was made an honorary knight by the British government in 2005. ‘GOLTURAINGLESA FIME ANC106 Larry Page & Sergey Brin (Google Funders) were two doctoral students in computer from Stanford University who improved searches. Coordination end advice were due to Mexican Hector Garcia Molina on September 4th, 1998. They had a server with 80 CPUs and two HP routers. This search engine beat # more popular tme Altavista, which was created in 1995, Mark Eliot Zuckerberg (May 14th, 1984) is a programmer and American businessman known as the creator of Facebook. To develop the network, Zuckerberg had the support of his fellows from Harvard Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. He is. currently the youngest person listed on Forbes with fortune valued at mare than 6,900, millon dollars. 4.4 Patenting an Invention ‘When someone invents something, it can be patented. A patent is a sroperty right granted by the Government of a country to an inventor to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention without his permission fora limited time, Getting a patent requires a process. Fist, a review is done in order to check in a list the things that can and cannot be patented and then, itis determined if the vention falls into of one of the patenting categories, after that the candidate receives the basics of the patenting process from the material provided by the organization in charge of giving the patents.. A typical patent application takes 2 or 3 years grant, however the procedure may be accelerated as explained above. There is generally a lime limit of 4 "4 years from the application's earliest date, finaly after @ patent appication if the bnvention has passed all the rules and the cost for this process has been paid, the person gets a Patent fora period of time. ‘There is an organization in each country for getting a Patent. Intellectual Property Office (IPO) is the organization in England for getting a Patent. In the United States of “Ameria its the USPTO (United States Property and Trademark Office) and in Mexico ‘he IMPI (Instituto de la Propiedad intelectual). In the United Kingdom F you have a granted patent, you must renew it every year after the 5" year for ug to 20 years. protection. A patent UK is a territorial right that only gives protection to the invention in the UK. ‘An invention can be patented only fits new, fithas an inventive step that Is not obvious to someone with knowledge and experience in the subject and ifithas the capacity of being made or used in some kind of industry ‘An invention cannot be patented it itis @ scientific or mathematical discovery, theory: ‘or method, @ literary, dramatic, musical or atistic work, a way of performing mental ac, playing a game or doing business, an animal or plant variety ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE ANT“7 Activity 32. Lets dreamt A) Ifitwere possible, what would you invent in order to improve quality of life? Describe you invention by givng ita name, mentioning the characteristics, is benefits and the country where you would patent it, Use more than 100 words in your text. Take 20-30 minute io do this task. Invention: Characteristics: Place to patent it (why) CULTURA INGLESA FINE TANTActivity 33, Mexican people can also invent! Find more Information about Mexican Inventions. Write 30 words about each invention. (Do not repeat the inventions mentioned before). Take 40 minutes to do this tak, A) Who was the inventor? '8) White as much as you find about the most important inventions in Mexico, CC) Draw the invention next tothe information found, (CULTURA INGLESA FINE VANE103 (CULTURA INGLESA FIME TANT‘CULTURA INGLESA FIME TANTm UNIT 5S: MUSIC, MOVIES AND TELEVISION IN THE UNITED. KINGDOM ‘irra NCrESA PME TANLced MUSIC, MOVIES AND TELEVISION IN UNITED KINGDOM ‘The story is told of E. M, Forster that, once when he was asked why he wrate, he replied he did so in order to find out what he thought, So itis with expressive culture, though the object is not so much to discover thoughts as itis to discover feeings. We dance and sing, enact and tell stories, create images and statues, to make our feelings known to one another, and thereby to ourselves. (C. Geertz; The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays 1973) fh today’s world the music and the movies are two of the most influential platforms globally. They influence the sociely, mostly the youth with fashion trends, ‘gadgets, language and also cultural and economic development. People have been creating music almost as long as there have been people, prodably for at least a hundred thousand years ago. The earliest music was prosably clapping hands and singing. Soon people also began to bang on hollow logs and knock sticks together to make louder sounds; these were the earliest percussion instruments 541 Musie Music is one universal language of mankind. Throughout the world's history many styles have been developed. How to describe what music is? ‘All music is based in Sounds, and all sounds start with the vibration of an ject such as a table that is pounded or a string that is plucked. The vibrations are: ttarsmitted to the ears by a medium (usually air) and the ear catches the wavesivibrations, the eardrums start vibrating and it creates impulses or signals. thal are transmited to the brain. There the impulses are selected, organized, and interpreted, ‘The music is part of this world of sound, an i's based on the organization of sounds in time. As the entice world’s music, the past century created an extreme: ‘evolution in sounds and styles fusion. From hillbilly, rock & rol, through punk rock and heavy metal; to fol, folk rock, progressive rock, Britpop, boy bands, to rap, electronic and drum and bass music, among some other new styles. FINE TAREm3 Briish Music: Leading the Musical Revolution In the mind of many people wha are interested in the evolution of the rack and roll, the year 1965 was the beginning, the birth of a revolution, and it's because there was a whole generation coming on age and blossoming that all of this was possible, In 1965 there was a generation of adolescents in the United Kingom that had ‘grown listening to the blues of the black Americans and thanks to this they Invented theie own sound which was charged with the emotions of the moment, ‘adrenaline and rebelion. "The Who" were the responsible of introducing the altitude and the volume, “The Rolling Stones’ came with the arrogance and sex. This new Sound was a revolution which ended up changing and influencing everything from the polical thoughts to the ways of living ofthe people, this sound was called "Rock’ British music has evolved across many styles over the past century and then ‘many styles have evolved from Britain led by British musicians. And ths is only one genre of music! In the classical music world, musicians and composers have Continually worked with diferent styles and instrumentation — looking backwards as ‘well as forwards to interpret and re-interpret the classical sound, eck and Roll The major movement in rock and rol in Britain was due to the impact of The Beatles in popular music at that time and their impact upon popular cullure too. “Thanks to this new wave of rack and rollin the sities, many other acts ofa similar genre emerged: The Rolling Stones, Queen, The Yardbirds, Alan Price and The Kinks. The 1970s decade gave us new styles influenced by a more relaxed and confused youth, with groups like Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deop Purple, ‘And singers in the scene like Rod Stewart, David Bowie and Elton John. Rock and rollin Britain at that time started as a liberation from pre-war austerity, teenagers could dance, crink and smoke, and enjoy the new sounds and froethinking lyrics of thee bands and singers. The era momentum coincided with the advent of the pill and the sexual liberation creating a big part of ths intoxicating package. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE ANEna One of the mest epentive rouge of masic were Th Beaton, wes an Engh fk ted Arce fe the ment conmarcaly eucwesh and aly acclaimed in the history of popular music. The band A, rt (ty gute, piano, and vols, Peal McCarey re {bace, vocal, and plant), Goorpe Hartson (ead aes, | Suir, vocal) ane Ree Sa (ure veel). "Yesterday iw song by Bih rockband The Beales, recorded 1865 fo he Shemlion emistns the USA The Boston hve Boon a sure of Inskaton fr many goups who nae fl Ind wit bem becous of ha vane. an hey hav ver ended ‘The Roling Stones ‘The name of the band comes from a song by Muddy Waters, after the creation of the group; the band found itself playing in places like the crown night club. In 1964 the ‘cover ofthe song ‘Litle Red Rooster" reach the top on the Isis, their career took off and a new band called “The Yarbirds’ came to take their same place, after this success multple arests caused by drugs, sexual escapades and other similar cases were the reason the band started to have more confidence about what they could play and they began to experiment on the creative liberty of \mitng ther songs. The Stones were increasingly good composers and they were prepared to take fisks. They started writing arrogant and rebelious songs lke "I can't get no satisfaction’, their frst song that was really good, talking from 8 commercial point ‘of view. The legendary riff of the song came to Keith Richards in a dream and became one ofthe mythical sounds of the movement CULTURA INGLESA Fe TaNus Queen Queen is a Britsh rock band formed in London in 1971, originally consisting of Freddie Mercury (lead vocals, piano), Bran May (guitar, vocals), John Deacon (bass guitar, vocals) and Roger Taylor (drums, vocals) Queen's earliest works were influenced by progressive rock, but the band gradually ventured into more conventional and radio- friendly works, incorporating more diverse and innovative sles in their music Their 1977 album “News of the World” contained two rock's most recognizable songs, ‘We wil rock you" and ‘We are the champions’, ths last song is a ballad. ‘composed by Freddie Mercury and i's one of his most famous and popular song in the world Eiton John Sir Ellon Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Duight on March 25, 1947) is an English singer, composer and pianist. Beth of John’s parents were musically incined. John started playing the piano at the age of 3, and within a year, his mother heard him picking out Winifred Atwell’s “The Skater's Waltz” by ear. He showed musical aptitude at schoo), including the abiity to compose melodies, and gained some notoriety by playing like Jerry Lee Lewis at school functions. At the age of 11, he won a junior scholarship to the Reyal Academy of Music. ‘John’s voice was once classed 2a tenor, it is now baritone. His piano playing is influenced by clessical and gospel music. He Used Paul Buckmaster to arrange the music on his studio albums during the 1970°s.Elton John performed his song "Candle in the Wr" at the funeral of Princess Diana in 1997 and the song weat CULTURA NGLESAfon to become an international bestseller. John (ike Paul McCartney) was knighted by (Queen Elizabeth Il in 1997. In the 21% century he has contributed to perform widely, doing a long series of tours. Brit Pop Britpop started in the early 1980's and last until late 1990s, with the rise of several bands such as U2, Oasis, Blur and the Cranberries, who heralded a new movernent of British pop bands, having his top with a very huge phenomenon, the Spicegi Bands and singers that have emerged since 2000 includes: Razorlight, Coldplay, The Streets, James Morrison, James Blunt, The Arcic Moxkeys, The Fratellis, the late Amy Winehouse, and Adele. And others with a less exposure lke Dido, The Kaiser Chiefs, Blue, Franz Ferdinand, Joss Stone and Keane ‘CULTURA INGLESA FIME ANEActivity 34 ‘Facts about music" |A) Take 10-16 minutes to do this task, Before you start to read the next text, wnte what you understand or what's your own definition of )Sound Music Rhythm, B) Discuss wity other two clasemates how eimilar are the Bich bande than ‘some Ametcan or Mexican bands. Consider the kind of music, he way of ‘ressing, the lyrics, etc, Take 5-10 minutes to do this tas. ©) Write @ paragraph about how you think Britsh musie has influenced ‘music in your country. Use more than 70 words in your text. Take 15-20. minutes to do tis task ‘CULTURAINGLESA FINE ANCus Act music in a count A) Answer the next questions. Take 10-15 to do this task. 1. Have you wver buen it a Music Festival? 2. What singers or bands did you see in this festival? 38. Whats an important music festival celebrated in you cy? 4. What do you think is the purpose of erganizing a festival of music? 5. How accessible are festivals of music in your country? ‘CIcTRA INGSA TIME Tan5.2 British Festivale of Music 5.2.4 Glastonbury Glastonbury is the Most Famous British Music Festival, and the top of all British ‘music festivals. The first Glastonbury festival was held in 1970, the day after Jimi Hendrix dled, Attendance at the first Glastonbury festival was a mere 1500 people ‘compared with the 150,000 in the last years. ‘The four day festival attracts the biggest names in music; this Is why tckets are usually sold out within @ matter of hours. Attendees who do manage to get their hands on tickets can usually expect some rain and mud and the musical experience of alifetime. 5.2.2 Coachella The Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, is an annual three-day music and as festival, organized by Goldenvoice the third weekend othe last week of Apri The event features many genres of music; including rock, indie, hip hop and electronic music, as well as sculptural art ‘The event has several stages-tents each one playing ive music continuously for the duration of the festival. But the main stage is The Coachella Stage. The 2012 festival got an aucience of 20,000 people. 5.2.3 Lollapalooza Lollapalooza is an annual music festival featuring popular aternative rock, heavy ‘metal, punk rock and hip hop bands, dance and comedy performances. It as also provided a platform for non-profit and political groups. Conceived and created in 1991 by singer Perry Farrell asa farewell tour for his band, Lollapaleoza ran annually until 1997, and was revived since 2003, attracting ‘more than 130,000 people in the 3 day event ‘CUTURA INGIESA FINE Tenno 5.3 Movies in the United Kingdom Bitch film industry is one of the most respected in the world. Film production in the UK has experienced ups and dewns over time, there are different ways to measure how successful the industry has been, and for example the number of fims produced every year. This could give the pespie an insight into all its ‘development. ‘Audiences seem to have a great hour or two of entertainment when they watch ‘a black and white classi from the forties or fities, or a newly released film, Films make audiences laugh, cry, think, scream, relax and as a consequence they all come out of a cinema or the theater happy because they had @ good time while ‘watching the movie. BRITISH CINEMA HISTORY ‘The fist public performances of films before a paying audience in Great Briain began at the Polytechnic in Upper Regent Street, central London, in February. 1896. Consisting of short lms made in France by the Lumiére brothers and shown. via their Cinematographer equipment, the program was so successful that it was. transferred to the Empire music hall in Leicester Square as one of the top items on the bill A Briish inventor, R. W. Paul, showed films at Olympia the following month via his rival system which was booked into the Alhambra music hall in Leicester ‘Square and elsewhere. The new marvel of ‘animated pictures’ spread rapidly through travelling fairs, through showmen hiring local halls for special shows, and through the music halls. everywhere. Once film had demonstrated its lasting appeal, businessmen began taking over shops, halls and railway arches, paintng over the windows and othemnise rather crudely converting them into fulltime cinemas. Under the Cinematograph Act of 1909, new reguiations came into effect in January 1910 to improve safely. As the nitrate fm stock being projected was highly inflammable, the Act required the provision of a fire-resistant projection. This legislation greatly encouraged the spread of purpose-built picture houses. These: usually had flamboyant exteriors to catch the eye, with payboxes open to the: street. As shows were made up of short fms, including travelogues and news. items, and lasted only for an hour to 90 minutes (feature films began to arrive around 1914), these cinemas were generally provided with ny foyers and minimal tollet facts. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE UANLa The auditoria had sloping floors and, usually, parallel side walls with decorated panels separated by pilasters. Seating was rarely for more than a few hundred patrons and baleonies were not often provided Al picture houses had a range of prices, commonly starting at 3d. (threepence) and rising to 1. (one shilling - 5p in decimal currency), with reduced prices for Children, The best seats in the house cost four times as much as the cheapest and this was a paltern that prevailed until recent times. The cheap seats (atthe front) Unpleasant body odors, dense cigarette smoke and a lack of fresh air were problems that could be alleviated by opening windows, and sometimes a celing dome or sliding root. Fiims were usually projected onto a whitewashed plaster sereen on the back wall of the stage. They were accompanied by a pianist or small orchestra Sometimes, sound effecis (such as coconut shells to imitate horses’ hoofs) were added from the side. Members of the audience would commonly read out the subiiies for the benefit of iliterate companions. After local authorities began banning and censoring films, the fm industry in 1912 hurriedly set up the independent British Board of Film Censors to classify films according to audience suitability, and its decisions have usually been accepted. Permanent picture houses had appeared in vtually every town by the outbreak ‘of World War One in 1914, which put an end to new building schemes for the next few years, Unless they were rebuit or enlarged, the early picture houses were usually destined to become eapts’ because of theie ramped facities, compared to the new cinemas of the 1920s and 1830s, which also took the best new films away from them. Some early cinemas located in poor afeas resorted to admitting children in exchange for empty jam jars or other salvageable items. Cinemas attracted the attention of promoters and many small regional circuits were established, building new cinemas and acquiring existing ones. One of the most active was the Pyke's circuit in London. The first national chain to emerge was Provincial Cinematograph Theatres (PCT), which established a ‘Picture House’ in the center of most major cities, These and individual new cinemas like the West End in London's Coventry Street (1913) were built to high standard to attract the more affluent ciasses and featured a full orchestra to accompany the ‘slont films, private boxes at the rear, elegant decoration, cafés or tea rooms, ‘smoking lounges, ladies’ only salons and even wring desks with free stationery, ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE TANLm2 Activity 8, Do you remember old cinemas? |A) Wiite two paragraphs describing the cinemas in your town in the past and cinomae nowadays. Include aepecte like cost, quality of inctallations, faciities, size and legends, among others. Use more the 70 words in leach paragraph. Take 20-30 minutes to do this task 41. Cinemas in the past 2, Cinemas nowadays CCULTURAINGLESA FINE ANCBy The 1960's saw a huge boom in Brtsh film: the Kitchen Sink’ realism promoted through such classics such as the birh of James Bond in 1962 with ‘Dr. No. James Bond 007 is a fictional character created in 1953 by writer lan Fleming, who was a Briish j Inteligence employee at that time and featured him in twelve novels and two short story collections. He wrote in just 3 months (between January 15th and March 18th, 1952) his first Bond novel ‘Casino Royale The fictional British Secret Inteligence Service agent has ‘also been used in the longest running and most financially s) successful Englishlanguage fllm franchise to date, There have been 22 films in the EON Productions series to date, the most recent of which, Quantum of Solace, was released on 31 October 2008 (UK), ‘The frst Bond movie was based on another of his novels of the same name °Dr No" in 1962. "Casino Royale’, was not made a movie until 2006. The complete list, ‘of Bond movies Is DrNo (1962), From Russian with Love (1963), Goldfinger (1964), Thunderbat (1965), You Only Live Twice (1967), On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969), Diamones are forever (197), Live and Let Die (1973), The Man with the Golden ‘Gun (1974), The Spy who loved me (1977), Moonraker (1979), For your eyes only (1981), Octopussy (1983), Never Say Never Again (1983) not oficial bond movie, A View to a kill (1985), The Living Daylights (1987), License to Kill (1989), Goldeneye (1895), Tomorrow Never Dies (1997), The World is Not Enough (1999), Die another Day (2002), Casino Royale (2006), ‘Quantum of Solance (2008) and Skyfall (2012) ‘The actors portraying the famous spy, all six have been from the United Kingdom or the territories of English heritage. Sean Connery was the first in 1962, ‘and continued unt 1969, the unknown actor George Lazenty appeared In one film. Roger Moore was the third one to take the job for seven movies. The next actor to appear as Bond was Timothy Dalton just for 2 movies; after some years at the middle of the 1990's decade Pierce Brosnan took the part. And nowadays Danie! Craigis the one who fils the spy shoes. ‘CULTURA INGLESR FINE ANEma Another famous British flm series is Harry Potter. ‘These movies are based on the book series of the same name writen by JK. Routing, they tell us the adventures of a wizard boy and his fiends defying the ev plans of Lord Voldemort. It is the most successful fim series and all the eight ‘movies are inthe top 50 of most grossing movies of all the times. ‘All the main actors in the 8 films were from United Kingdom. Almost all the ‘actors picked to fil the main characters appear In all the movies, the exception was. the laureate Richard Harris who died before the third movie started shooting. ‘The complete ist of Hany Pater fis ‘Fbts Palier Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001), Harry | Potter andthe Chamber of Secrets (2002), Hany Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004, Har Ptr andthe Goblet of Fire (2008), Hany Ptr and te Order o the Phoenix (2007), | Ham Potter and he HatBlons Pence (2009), ary Patter and the Death Hallows ~ Par 1 (2010), Harty Pte an the Deathly Hatowe - Part 2 (201) Maybe you can remember some of the actors who appeared inthe fin, The kids (nthe film: Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint, Emma Watson, Tom Felton and Robert Pattinson. Or the already famous adult stars like Gary’ Oldman, Jason Isaacs, Kenneth Branagh, Alan Rickman, Emma Thomson, Helena Bonham Carter, Bill Nighy, Maggie Smith, Richard Harris or Ralph Fiennes; All of them well known falented and respected British actors. COLTURAINGLESA IME TANT25 Activity 30. There is also talent in n 1) Think about Mexican movies and popular actors and actresses and write a lst of the 5 most popular fms in history with their main actors and a brief description of them. Use 10-15 minutes in this task, Movie Actors Description CULTURA INGLESA, TAN,26 Activity 40. The bes! mavie aver! 1) Write @ description about the best movie filmed in your country in your opinion. Use more than 100 words in your text. Take 20-25 minute to do this tack ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE ANEThere are few great movies specifically about Ergland, so. it's concentrate on a particular fra or circumstance of England, like Yanks, The Madness of King George, V for Vendetta, Many British actors have achieved international fame ard critical success, Including Julie Andrews, Richard Burton, Lawrence Olivier, Charlie Chaplin, Alec ‘Guinness, Michael Caine, Peter Sellers and Ewan McGregor, Jude Lav, Orlando: Bloom, between others, 5:4 Actors and Actresses from the United Kingdom a Charles Chaplin ‘Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (London, April 16, 1889-1977) was a comadian, composer, producer, fim director and English ‘writer best known for his popular performances during the silent | ‘era, Since then, he has been considered of the most representative figures of comedy. He was known for his popular character Charlot and highlighted in flms since the early years of 1910 to 1950. He filmed around ninety fims. He was one of the founders of United Artist in 1919, his career spanned over seven decades and he received an award from the Academy in1928. In 1972 he was awarded with the Honorary Academy Award. He was knighted by the Queen Elizabeth iin 1976, Alfred Hitchcock He is known as “the Master of suspense". Alred Hitchcock was, fone of the most respected and famous film directors in the world He was also an engineer. Actually, he worked in the engineering field before he started in the fm business in London in 1920. ‘CULTURA INGLESA FINE TAN.m8 He created over 60 fins, including the Rear Window, Tre 39 Steps, Psycho, The: Man Who Knew Too Much and The Birds, even a television series: “Alired Hitchcock presents”. He received a lot of international awards including some Life Achievement Awards before he died in 1980, Hugh Laurie He is an actor, writer, comedian and musician famous for his role as Dr. Gregory House in the TV series "House’, Kate Bosinsale I Sheis an Engish acess vho mae raves because of P her beauty and acing talent Shehes appeared in moves E [lke Pear Harber, Underwors, The Aviator and. Van Helsing Dame dle Andon She is a Brish acess, stage acess and singer z She was one of he most bos arid acentes EA wining numerous awards ike Golden Gabes, Emmys, Grammys, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theater { World Award, SAG award and an Oscar. She began ha, Bcting a. ches appeared many musicals net ae which is the Sound of Music, My Fair Lady and Mary Porpins and movies lke ‘Camelot andthe Princess Diaries. Dame "Judi" Dench = She is an award winning stage, TV and fim actess.She hasbeen considered as one of the ‘greatest Brish actress, she appeared in James Bond movies as“M Boeri R Ss ‘Sho isan English actress considered one of the most ‘hi, talented actresses. She has been nominated for her € various roles in several movies in which she appeared D Nee several times. in ner 30s she has alteady won an OSCAR, ‘CULTURA INGLESA IME ANC23 2 SAG award, BAFTA, and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association award, and she has been nominated for an Emmy too, Ewan MeGregor He is a Scotch stage and fim actor that fst became famous in Independent and art house films. He has. ‘appeared in the movie Trainspotting and as the young (Obi-Wan Kenobi in the new Star Wars tiloay. “Anthony Hopkins He is a Weish fim, stage and television actor and one of the biggest stars in Hollywood. He portrayed the serial kiler, Hannibal Lecter in the movie "Silence of the Lambs", “Hannibal” and "The Red Dragon’. He also starred in Dracula, Legends of the Fall ‘The Remains of the Day, Amistad, Non, etc. Catherine Zeta Jones ‘She was born in Wales and afte landing small roles in the United Kingdom and the United States of America and she became famous in films lke "Entrapment", "Mask of and "Trafic Christian Bale He is 8 welsh actor who has appeared in numerous big and small budgeted films such as the ‘Empire of the ‘Sun’, "the Machinist’, “The Fighter" and as Bruce Wayne in the last 3 Batman Movies. Liam Neeson He is anactor who born in Northem Ireland. He is popularly known as Oscar Schindler in the movie “Schindler's List’, Qui Gion inn in “Star Wars Episode I’, Ra’s al Ghul in ‘Batman Begin’ and has also starred in Rob Roy, Kingdom of Heaven, and Taken. ‘CULTURA INGLESA IME WANT30 Colin James Farrell He is an actor from North Ireland who has appeared in. movies like: SW.AT, In Bruges, Phone Booth, Minority Report, Daredevil, Miami Vice, Alexander and the 2012's ag, boo! of Total Recall, ‘Some British fims have had hhuge commercial success in the world. The seven highest: ‘grossing fms worldwide of all time have some British DID You KNow?, dimension, whether historical, ‘Ytesnressnemaaas cultural or creative. There are: ‘Scents Tiatic a “Two episodes ofthe Lord ofthe Rings ‘Two Pirates of the Caribbean ‘Two Harry Potter (thers famous movies that was making in England are Alice in Wonderland, 102 Dalmatians, Dracula. In 2008 British fims grossed around $ 2 bilion worldwide and achieved a market share of around 7% globally and 17% in the United Kingdom. UK box-office takings totaled £944 milion in 2009, with around 173 milion admissions. The Briish Film Institute has produced a poll ranking what they Consider to be the 100 greatest British fims of all time, the BFI Top 100 British films. 455 British Film Classification ‘The purpose of the British Board of Film Classification is to classify films Into varous categories to provide an advance warning of what the audience might ‘expect in terms of suitability for particular age groups. ‘The history of British film censorship is as much social 2s cultura: the reasons films were banned in the 1920s (revolutionary polties) and 1950s (nucity) say as ‘much about the society ofthe time as anything inthe fms, Classifications curently in use are Uc, U, PG, 12, 12A, 15, 18 and R18, but quite @ few more have been featured on fim posters throughout the last century (H, ‘A, AA, and some others). CULTURA INGLESA FINE VANat In chronological order, this is a complete ist of official classifications: 1U(1912-present) - This stood for ‘Universal! and denoted that a film was suitable for everyone. PG (1982-present) - Replacing the old A certificate, this stood for ‘Parental Guidance’. Although anyone could be admitted, PG cerificate films contained an Implicit warning thatthe film might contain material unsuitable for children. 15 (1982-present) - This replaced the old AA certfcate, raising the age limit to 46 inthe process. 418 (1982-present) - This replaced the old X certificate, barring people under eighteen, a8 (1982-present) - This classification was exclusively intended for videos that could only be sold in licensed sex shops ‘Uc (1985-present) - This denotes video releases deemed particulary sultable for pre-school children. 42 (1980-present) - Introduced for cinema films in 1989 and video releases in 1994, this covers films that, while containing material deemed unsuitable for children, were nonetheless considered appropriate for 12-year-olds and upwards. 2128 (2002-present) - Introduced for cinema films, this replaced the theatrical 12 certificate and permitted children under twelve to see the films provided they were accompanied by a responsible adult CULTURA INGLESA FINE VANtivity 41. Is Censorship necessary? AA) Answer the next questions. Use at least 30 words in each question, Take 15- 20 minute to do this task 1. What do you think the classification for the movies exists? 2. Is the classification of movies in the United Kingdom similar to the one in your country? B) Discuss your anewors with your clasemates around the classroom. Take 10- 16 minute to do this task. ‘COCTORA INGLESA FINE WANE3 ‘5.6 Television in United Kingdom Public television broadcasting started in 1936, and row has @ collation of fee and subscinon services over a varity of cstrbution medi, through which there fare over 480 channe's fr consumers as well a on damand content. In UK there ‘are some broadcasting corporation like BBC, Independent Television (ITV), British ‘Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB) and UKTV, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) ‘The BBC is the world's oldest and biggest broadcaster, and is the country’s frst ‘and largest public service broadcaster. The BBC is furded by a government grant; It does not carry advertising. The grant is financed by the payment of a television, license fee that all households with a television must pay. However, the funds do- ‘nol go direclly to the BBC but to the Treasury instead, via a government body: known as TV Licensing. The government has no legal duty to hand all or any this, revenue to the BBC but traditionally has done, lis analogue channels are BBC One and BBC Two. The first began as a television service, inally serving in London. The BBC's mission is to enrich people's lives with programs that inform, educate and entertain, Actually the BBC. ses the income from the license fee to provide services including 8 national TV channels plus regional programming, 10 national radio stations, 40 local radio stations and an extensive website, BBC World Service broadcasts to the world on radio, on TV and ontine, providing news and information in 32 languages. Can pase aceon mance nema maa ae ue eal oatan tan esate a oe en aig note ere oom at HS Doctor Who, Question Time, Britain’s got eer Li \ Feenl tos naar eee Nee, aioe, Oo Ligon Mars, Spooks, Sherlock Eeeaetes “9 TOLTURAINGLESA24 Doctor Who Doctor Who is @ British science fiction television series produced by the BBC. The series tells the adventures of @ Time Lord known as the Doctor who travels, ‘around the universe in a time machine called the TARDIS. The series has been awarded as one of the finest Bris television series and also it has received recognition from the public as the best television series. The series is an important part of Briish popular culture in the United Kingdom, it has made an important influence in the generations of British professionals many of whom grew up watching the series, Even the Doctor Who was only a TV series at fist with the time has grown to a {ull universe. During the years It has made presence in other TV programs, it has been listened in ragio, has produced many books and even comics. These publications have been highly accepted by the fans thal have created communities, with the single purpose of discuss the famous Doctor Who. ‘TOrTURAINGLESA FIME ANEus Activity 42, Television is important in people's ves, 41) Describe the role that Television can take in the aspects given. Use more than 30 words in each answer and take 15-20 minuteto do this task. Role of Television Destiption Informer Conivaier CULTURA INGLESA TIME An136 ‘CUCTURAINGLESA FINE ANT