Solutions Manual to Accompany Basic Principles and Calculations _ in Chemical Engineering SIXTH EDITION David M. Himmelblau University of Texas ay vukh Noe VY O82 Poly. lOr4 Prentice Hall PTR: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458», TYPICAI, ASSIGNMENTS FOR ONE SEI Problem A: ments First Class meeting. No assignments UNIT AND DIMENSIONS 14, 1.6, 1,7, 1.8 DIMENSIONAL CONSISTENCY: MOLE HIS. 1.20, 1.21, 1.31. 1.43 METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENT. 1.39, 1.43, 1.47, 1.52 : ‘ BASIS: TEMPERATURE 1.60. 1.62. 1.63) 1.68, 1.70 PRESSURE 1.90, 1.91, 1.93,.1,94 | STOICHIOMETRY 1.1060. e: 1.112, 1,122, 1.125 PROBLEM SOLVING 2.1, 2.4, 2.8 COMPUTER USAGE. Sart on Pl, P2, and P3 Exam No.1. | No formal class meeting - Work on computer assignments: No class meeting, - continue working on computer assignments. Class meets turn in computer problems plus the eval ion form. ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS 3.12, 3.13, 3.19, 3.20 MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS (NO REACTION) 3.21, 3.23, 3.24 NO a eae NES oa | A RR re ER All_assignmen the 6th cd dy S 1.6 18, 1.9 Handouts outs 31 32 3324, 25. 26. a7 28, 29. 31. Problem Assignments MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS (NO REACTION) 3.27, 3.36, 3.37 MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS (WITH REACTION) 3.56, 3.57, 3.58 MAT IAL BALANCE PROBLEMS (WITH REACTION) 3.60, 3.63 Exam No. 2 MAT UNITS, 3.71, 3.72 AL BALANCE PROBLEMS WITH MULTIPLE MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS WITH RECYCLE, (NO REACTION) 3.86, 3.87 MATERIAL BALANCE PROBLEMS WITH RECYCLE (WITH REACTION) fy OS ae: | IDEAL GAS AND PARTIAL PRESSURE, 4.1, 4.2, 4.9, 4.18¢, 4.25 | MATERIAL BALANCES WITH IDEAL GASES 4.27, 4.28, 4.37 COMPRESSIBILITY 4,39, 4.40, 4.41, 4.45 EQUATIONS OF STATE. fl Ss GAS MIXTURES; VAPOR PRESSURE 4.50, 4.08, 4.70, 4.730 Exam No. 3. SATURATION 4.83, 4.84, 4,86 EQUILIBRIA 4.88, 4.90, 4.93signmen the 6th edi nid nents : : Problem Assig 7 PARTIAL SATURATION AND HUMIDITY 4.106, 4.110 16 u MATERIAL BALANCES INVOLVING PARTIAL SATURATION ALIG, 4.117, 4.118 47 M Exam Nod. : a5. ENERGY; CONCEPTS, JARGON, AND UNITS e Se 57312) 516, Sale 36. THE ENERGY BALANCE, 5.13 ab; 5:29 a,b; 571 5.12 v ENTHALPY CHANGE! 5.30, 5.34, 5.36, 5.40, 5.43 52 38 SOLVING ENERGY BALANCE PROBLEMS WITHOUT REACTIONS-CLOS| s 5 5.63, 5.64, 5.67 5.3 39, Exam No. § 40. SOLVING ENERGY BALANCE PROBLEMS WITHOUT REACTIONS-OPEN SYSTEMS i 5.74, 5.75, 5.78 $s ae 41 OLVING ENERGY BALANCE PROBLEMS WITH REACTIONS 5.92, 5.96b, 5.97, 5.104 (do (1) only) 54-1 42. CONTINUED 5.109, 5,123 54-2 43 ADIABATIC FLAME TEMPERATURE 5.4 Exinple 5.25 44, FINAL EXAM IS ON CHAPTER 5 ONLY[Exar No. 1 (Open Book, 1 1/2 hours) PROBLEM 1 (5%) Hydrogen can be separated from natural gas by diffusion through a round tube. The : i rale of separation is given by | : N=2ndDpR where = rate of transport of Hp from the tube, ¢ moles/(sec)(cm of length of tube) ' D = diffusion coefficient p = molar density of Ha, g moles /cm3 \ R= log mean radius of tube, ro -r1/ én | with r in cm, What are the units of D? PROBLEM 2 (10%) | A pallet of boxes weighing 10 tons is dropped from a lift truck from a height of 10 fect. The maximum velocity the pallet attains before hitting the ground is 6 ft/sec. How much kinetic energy does the pallet have in (ft)(Ibp at this velocity? PROBLEM 3 (5%) The specific gravity of a fuel oil is 0,82. What is the density of the oil in Ib/ {82 Show all units. PROBLEM 4 (10%) Sulfur trioxide (SO3) can be absorbed in sulfuric acid solution to form more concentrated sulfuric acid. If the gas to be absorbed contains 55% SO, 41% Nz, 3% $02, and 1% Oz, how many parts per million of O2 are there in the gas? (b) What is the composition of the gas on a No free basis? PROBLEM 5 (15%) You have 100 kilograms of gas of the following composition: Cl, 30% i ‘ Hz 10% | Nz 60% What is the average molecular weight of this gas?PROBLEM 6 (15%) \ the heat capacity of a stibstance is $37 JABICC) and its molecular weight is 47 4, what is its heat capacity in ) J/@ eR) ©) J/Ab)(eR) © — J/gmonky ss, PROBLEM 7 (20%) A tock containing 100% BaSO4 is burned with coke (04% 6% ash) and the composition of the produet is BaSO, (11.1%) Bos (72.9%), CU13.9%, Ash (2.2%). The teadtion is | | BASO, +40 massac Caleulate the percent exce: IN Od The Beaiec i cauyplenun ie the reaction PROBLEM 8 (20%) A gas cylinder to which is attached an Bourden gage appears to he ata Pressure of 27.38'in. Hg at 70°F. the Barometer needs 101.8 kPa. A student claime that the Procure th the tank 1511.3 bsia, bul another Student points out that this i¢ impossible + the pressure is really 28.2 Psia. Can 1.3 psia bo correct? Explain and show calculations to back Up your explanation. EXAM No, 2 (Open Book, 2 hours) A chemist attempts to Prepare some very pure crystals of Na2504-101420 hy Missolving 200 of NagSO4 (MolWt=142.05) in 400 g of boiling water. He then Gelully cools the solution slowly unit Some Na2804-10H120 crystallizes out Calculate the g of Na2SO4-10Hoq Hee Gar 1 MS cesta por 100-6 or initia folution, if the residual solution afier the crystals are removed coniaing 28% Nayso, Right answer but: —10 if answer is in B -10 if answer not of Na2S04 and not p per 100 g of ini of NazSO41011.0 solnPROBLEM 2 (25%) | a Water pollution in the Hudson River has claimed considerable recent attention, especially pollution from sewage outlets and industrial wastes. To determine accurately how much effluent enters the river is quite difficult because to catch and weigh the material is impossible, weirs are hard to construct, ele. One suggestion which had been offered is to add a trace Br ion to a given sewage stream, let it mix well, and sample the sewage stream after it mixes well. On one test of the propsal you add ten pounds of NaBr per hour for 24 hours to a scwage stream with essentially no Bro in it. Somewhat downstream of the introduction point a.sampling of the sewage stream shows 0.012% Nabr. The sewage density is 60.3 Ib/{O and river water densily is 62.4 Ib/ its. What is the flow rate of the sewage in Ib/min? ~10 if answer based ~15 if 24 hr basis on 0.012 fractin and was used and not 0.00012. then not converted back to per hour basis PROBLEM 3 (25%) Ss < ; In preparing 5.00 moles of a mixture of three gases (SOr, H2S, and C32), gases from three tanks are combined into a fourth tank. The tanks have the following, compositions (mole fractions): Gas Tank 1 Tank2 Tank3 Tank 4 SQ 0.10 0.20 0.25 0.20 125 0.40 0.20 0.25 0.26 CS 0.50 0.60 0.50 han 0.94 How much of Tanks 1, 2, and 3 must be mixed lo give a product with composition of Tank4? =10 for correct answer but ~15 A lot of people said no wrong basis soln. They used wrong, basis, etc. No soln but correct mat'l balance |PROBLEMA4(25%) 10% a) For the given a the bottoms stream, 15% b) If stenm leaked into the column at 1000 mole/sec and all else was Scents What would the new baltoms composition be? “3 Ghoul be g-mole), iF assumed to k-mole and not sted Carling Wafer Distillate = 7 CON EtOH Feed= 100 ky fore 40% Hoo eco h Hy 10% E40H Whe Yo of bead. o% Ho TO" Hy ee Steam am No. 3 (Open Book Exam, 2 hours) 11 (35%) ‘A company burns an intermediate product £25 having the composition 4.39 $02 27% CO,10% Hz, 1.0% CHa, and the tesidual No together with a waste ail having the composition 87% C, 13% Hp Analysis of the stack gas gives an Orsat Eile of 14.6% COs, 0.76% CO, and 7.65 Oy and the Test N2. Calculate the fraction ofthe total carbon burned that comes from the product gas,PROBLEM 2 (35%) Benzene, toluene and other aromatic compounds can be recovered by solvent extraction with sulfur dioxide. As an example, a catalytic reformate stream containing 70% by weight benzene and 30% non-benzene material is passed through the counter-current extractive recovery scheme shown in the diagram below. One thousand pounds of the reformate stream and 3000 pounds of sulfur dioxide are fed to the system per hour. The benzene product stream (the extract) contains 0.15 pound of sulfur dioxide per pound of benzene. ‘The raffinate stream contains all the initially charged non-benzene material as well as 0.25 pound of benzene pet pound ofthe non-benzene material. The remaining component in the raffinate stream is the sulfur dioxide (a). How many pounds of benzene are extracted per hour, i.e. are in the extract? (&) If 800 pounds of benzene containing in addition 0.25 pound of the non penzene material per pound of benzene are flowing per hour at point A and 700 pounds of benzene containing 0.07 pound of the non-benzene material per pound of eeazene are flowing at point B, how many pounds (exclusive of the sulfur dioxide) are flowing, at points C and D? : : 0.15 tb SO, Extract benzene plus pe — Raffinate 0.25 1b Be Sulfur dioxide . 1000 apy 000 Ibi ae eaves retormate z i 10% BoPROBLEM 3 (30%) | | Stosenter IDK of eaatyn in Sol omencted A Reactant A is polymerized as shown in the figure. tt is mixed with fresh catalyst and recycled catalyst. Conversion of A is 40% oit one pass through the Hotter ee SUS! MG) ertters ol ihe tate of 0:40 lb G per Ib af A instream EL The Separator removes 90% bf the catalyst and recycles it as well as recycling, unreacted A Nevertheless, the product stream 1 constrainis 15% of the umrenceat and 10% of the catalyst exiting in stream K as well as the polymer product, Determine the ratio of stream R to G. Note: catalyst does not react in the process! Exam No. 4 (Open Book, 2 hours) PROBLEM 1 (25%) In the vapor-recompression evaporator (not insulated) shown in the figure below, the vapors produced on evaporation are compressed to a higher presstire and passed through the heating coil, to provide the energy for evaporation, The steam entering (he compressor is 98% quality at 10 psia, the steam leaving the compressor is at 50 psia and 400°, and 6 Buu of heat are lost from the compressor per pound of Steam throughput. The condensate leaving the heating coil is at 50 psia, 200°F, The replacement liquid is at the temperalure of the liquid inside the evaporator. Computer: é () the work in Btu needed for com Pression per pound of 120 going through the compressor. ) the Btu of heat transferred from the heating coil to the liquid in the evaporator per pound of 11,0 through thé coil. () Bonus of 5 points for correct answet to the question; What i is the Lotal heat gained or lost by the entire system. re@. Jaden ting the enthalpy change at constant Presstiré of a Substance such as CO} from the sdlid to the gaseous state by integrating | t from Ty (Solid temperature) to Ty (gas temperature) for a ICuIT constant Pressure path 7, (The enthalpy change of a sbuistance enn never he negative, A Ment and. work fre the only methads or energy transfer in-a non-Slow process, fe) Both Q and AH can be classed as. Slate functions (vatiables) PROBLEM 525%) a Hot reaction products (assume they have'the same properties as air) at 1000%r leave a reactor. th order to prevent {rther reaction, the process is designed tq reduce the temperature of the products to donee by immediately spraying, liquid Water into the gas stream How many Ib of water at 70°F are Fequired per 190 Ib of products leaving at 400°? HO ob 70° 2 Feduels & 4 a | 5 bee *Reacto~ (ecaE 60.9 Yor this problem you do not have to Bet a numerical solution.” Instead list the following in this order, : 11 State what the system you select is 2 Specify open or closed. 3. Draw a picture: & Eve all the known or calenlated data on the picture in the proper places. 5 Write down the material and Snergy balances (use the symbols in the tox!) iid simplify them as much as postible, lint each assumption in so doing, § Insert the known data into the simplified equation(s) you would use ie solve the problem unHEATING Coil COmOrMSATR PROBLEM 2 (25%) ‘Am insulated, seated tank that is 2 (3 in volume holds 8 Tb of water 2 100° A 1/4 ip stiveer mixes the water for { hour. Whatis the frnction Yoho! at the end uf {he hour? Assume all the energy from the motor enters the tank For this problem you do not have to get a numerical solution. Instead list the following in this order: 1," State what the system you select is. 2. Specify open or closed. 3. Draw a picture + Putall the known or calculated data on the picture in the proper place 5 Write down. the energy balance (use the synibols in the text) and simplify it as much as possible. List each assumption in so doing, 6 Calculate W. o Lists the equations with data introduced that you would use to solve the problem 5. Explain step by step how to solve the problem (but do not do so) PROBLEM 3 (15%) What is the enthalpy charge in Blu 600°F to 100°F at atmospheric pressure. when 1 pound mole of air is cooled from Compute your answer by two ways 1) Use the tables of the combustion gases 2) Use the heat capacity equation for air. PROBLEM 4 (10%) ‘Answer the following questions by placing T fro true and F for false on your answer page. Grading: 42 if correct, 0 if blank, -1 if wrong: ms used to express one type of _ fa) Heat and thermal energy bre synonymous ter energy.Exam No. 5 (Open Book, 2 hours) PROBLEM 1 (10%) Answer the following question: ly (no more than 3 sentences); a. Does the addition of an inert dilutent to the reactants entering an exothermic process increase, decrease, or make no change in the heat transfer to or from the process? If the reaction in a process is incomplete, what is the effect on the value of the standard heat of reaction? Does it go up, down, or remain the same? < How many properties are needed to fix the state of a gas so that all of the other properties can be determined? d. Consider the reaction Ha(g) + 4 Ox(g) > H20(g) Us the heat of reaction with the reactants entering and the products leaving 500K higher, lower, or the same as the standard heat of reaction? PROBLEM 2 (10%) Explain how you would calculate the adiabatic reaction temperature for Problem 5 below if the outlet temperature is not specified. List each’step. (You can cite some of the steps listed in Problem § if you list them by number in Problem 5.) PROBLEM 3 (20%) A flue gas at 750°F and 1 atm of composition 14.0% COz, 1.0% CO, 6.4% Oo, and the balance N2 is the product of combustion with excess air at750°F and 1 atm that is used to burn coke (C). | a. What is the volume in f3 of the flue gas leaving the furnace per pound of carbon burned? b. What is the volume of air in ft} entering the furnace per pound of C burned? PROBLEM 4 (20%) Seven pounds of N32 are stored in a cylinder 0.75 ft3 volume at 120°F. Calculate the pressure in the cylinder in atmosphere: a. Assuming N2 to be an ideal gas. b. Assuming No is a real gas and using compressibility factors. PeelePROBLEM 5 (40%~—one half each for the material and energy balances) Pyrites (HeS2) is converted (o sulfur dioxide (SQ2) gas according to the reaction AFeS2(s) +11 O2(g) + 2.170205) + 8 SOaty) : The air which’ is 35% excess (based on the above reaction) for combustion enters at aN, the ore at 18°C, and the products leave at 900K. Because of equipment degradation, unburned eS2 exils from the Process. In one hour 8000 kg of pyrites are fed to the process, andl 2000 kg of Fe2Oq are produced. What is the heat addled oF 7-7 removed from the process? Datai For FeS2, Cp = 44.77 + 5.590 x 10-2T where T is in Kelvin and Cp is in J/(g molN(K). For F703, Cj, = 103.44 6.71 x 10-21 with the same units. Exam No. 6 (Open Book, 2 hours) PROBLEM 1 ( 20%) | A high pressure line:carries natural gas (all methane) at 10,000 kPa and 40" How would. you calculate the volume of the gas imder these conditions that i equivalent to 0.03 m4 of CH at standard conditions using an equation of state? Select one equation other than van der Waals equation, and list it on your solution page. Give a li %s lo complete the calculations. Include all the proper equations, and include ailist of data involved, bul you do not have to obtain a solution for the volume, PROBLEM 2 (20%) From the following data estimate the vapor pressire-of sulfur dioxide at too". Temperature (°C) | Vapor pressure (atm)1 es PROBLEM 3 { 20%) Dry atmospheric air'at the ambient — conditions of 90°F and 29.42 in. Hg, absolute passes through a small blower and is bubbled up through water so that the air leaving the water is saturated. The temperature of the water is constant at 80°F, and because of the back pressure in the system, the pressure in the vapor space in the top of the bottle is 2.7 in. 1420 greater than atmospheric pressure. The bottle is weighted after the air is blown. for 2 hours, 13 minutes, 47 seconds, and the decrease in weight was found to be 6.73 Ib. What was the hourly rate of flow of air at ambient conditions in (5? : PROBLEM 4 (20%) A vessel with a volume of 2.83 m3 contains a mixture of nitrogen and acetone at 44.0°C and 100.0 kPa. The dew point of the mixture is 200°C and the relative saturation of the acetone in the mixture is 58.39%. The vapor pressure of acetone at 44,0°C is 65.35 kPa and it is 24.62 kPa at 20.0°C a... What is the partial pressure of acetone vapor in the original mixture, in kPa? b. . How many kg moies of acetone does the original mixture contain? co If the nitrogen-acetone mixture is cooled with the volume remaining, at 2.83 m3 constant so that 27.0 percent of the acetone condenses, what is the final temperature of the mixture in °C? PROBLEM 5 (20%) A wet sludge contains 50 percent water by weight. This sludge is first centrifuged, and 0.1 kitograms of water are removed per kilogram of wet sludge feed. The sludge is dried further using air so that the final product contains 10 percent by weight water. The air for drying is heated, passed into an oven drier, and Vented back into the atmosphere. On a day when atmospheric pressure is 760mm. Hg, the temperature is 70°F and the relative humidity is 50%, calculate the cubic meters of wet air required to dry one kilogram of sludge fed to the process. The air vented from the oven drier is at 100°F and 780mm Hg. Itvhas a dew point of 94°F.1 | a Solutions — Chapter ~ 1" i tes j 11a. | Basis: 1 mid | Imi" / 5280, (2 in) 254 ny Im } [ix] —| — = ——— 4.17 x 10" my ( 1 ink Iie Tin J M100 cr b. | Basis: 1 £13/5 , | AC Ae aes ami 1s fi mint ta? 12 . 2 2 20.08 1 1b, | 1be)(s?) | aciey (m)(s)}453.6 g] 1 ft 32.174(Ib,, )(f)| (3600)? 5? 13 2 BeDp ( Re aa. | 32.2(f)(Ib,)| 1? _ |(tb,)(i) 1320 J) [~~ [Cb t?) : 5 14g %: = 1+ pR+p'C + pd Uni B cm’ / gmol © | (em? / got)? D | (em? / pmol)’ = 1+ p'B' +(p')'c’ + (p')'* (continued)Solutions — Chapter - 1 | B fF /1b,, c (fe 1b,,) bp | (#s1»,)" Let MW = mol+wt of the compound or mixture g al 102 |f100 cm? tom? _|1_Ib,,|_ MWe cm? |p" Ib, Im 35.31 fe} 454g]1 g mol 100 ay San P(t, Vw Y Im 35.31 te. 454g 1g mol 1.5 ‘The Pascal is a pressure unit, defined as 1N/m? and it is not the same as a mass flux unit, The correct equivalent is 3.9 Mg/(h)(m2), If the "Ib" means "Iby," then the conversion is correct. Since the English short ton is not part of SI, "LAton’ ig not, either. Correct is "34 gal/ton (142 L/Mg).” If He ton is a metric ton, then [129L / ton is correct is : 0.04 g |60 min|(12{in)|1 Ib, _ [fp y4 be. S (minim )} br 11 | 4548 (hr) (f°) > 5 b. 2p 8 hr| 1 ft 61x10 4 s | 1 hr |i day|28.32L da : 6 (in) (cm?) | 1 #2 | in |_tye [1 day] 1_he | a Gr} a) (7) 2 in) |(2.54 em’) 2.54 cm? (2.54 em?) 365 days[24 hil pai (continued)Solutions ~ Chapt 0.3048 m Tra yig ht Tf (kg) (: 7 12 infra 4 NO el I Bu lint t 1000 J (day)(m? CC fem) 18 1 1b 120. Mb a, a a 1.14(fr)(I a. 2.1 74(fH(15,.) 0.14 (ft)(Ib,) b. Let A= area of the pipe and v = water velocity, The flow rate is nD?) =Av=[22- op fal 2 ~ ae wy oe CE Pees 87.48 $9 _ 9.37 gfe 4 (12 iny |S I min) 1 fe 1.9 Not really ~ but people do not usually distinguish between mass and weight 110 (a) [Nimm or nm (nanometer) (b) | C/MIS (c) | 100 kPa @) {2.73.15 k (e) | 1.50m, 45 ke (A). | 20°C or 28°C (g) | J/s (h) [250.Nec ee Solutions — Chapter - 1 LAL 20 bp)0.7457_ kW. _ FraoT KW) 1 hp No, not cnough power even at 100% efficiency; 68 kW = 91.2 hp. 112 97% caffeine free probably means the cofice has only 3% of the original caffeine. However, the original c ig only a small fraction of the coffee so that U.14% caffeine is entirely possible. 113 Ln p20 gel 000 le «Fro 525 mile] 1 hr 1 hr {20007 see mile _ [4190.5 gal “475 milel 1 he J (20 gal) None: 20 gitl more are needed. 114 115 4273.15 Bu | dae 64 2 BU __| =[6,945 + 10.01< 1091, =2.794 x 101, Le 25) I oan : | (cal) f(g mol K) x poke (18) F 1 Btu 58 gmol 252 call I Tbmol and iasert Ty, = (Tap) in the equation 32 Ty 4213.15 “The object has a mass of 21.3 kg (within a precision of 1 kg). The weight is the force used to support the mass.i Solutions - Chapter - 1 : 116 In Ametican Engineering System Power= EY 800 > 300 ft fe ge yos be Ue ie NS att Inst Power = | EF watt : (Mf, 117 a a 12 kel 1 Hn_( 120 a a 0.454 kg 1.18 Basis: 10 tons at 6 fi/s : i ok = 120,000 1b, |/6 fy] 1(s?)(1b,) i — ee sy - poets) Fa2myn,) = 11,200(f0)(1,)] 1.19 | instinis NER] [ey plkg/m'|{l kg “Chole Res : AN}(m) ‘ 3.2808 ft Ub, 10) 0.4536 kg lm (continued)|Soiations = Chapter - 1 nor: I(kg sa se MS oe hut (Rina dimmenionlesecnetticiens (IN)s’ 1: s a We sor =] p 1,20 Insert the units in both sides of the equation bbl, 24 [fpsia [rete] a sf yr “100K psia bbl 5 ae # fi? assuming Fy and C are dimensionl To be consistent, the coefficient 24/1000 must have the following units: 1 bbl|42_gal 1 bbl «0 foteae es = 5.59 — on the left had side so the coefficient must multiply ft” to get ye fr f2/yr or| multiply by —— yr 1.21 The lefi handside has the units of (ength)~! and x/a is demensionless so that the third answer is correct. 1.22 The inside diameter of the tubing is 6.35 — 290.762) = 4.826 mm 2 _(18.292)mm? Sy = 0.1829 cm? (100)mm? /em ‘The flow area is (4.826) mm The velocity of the sample gas is 3 cm 4.675 |——__——, = 54, ONE (0.1829)em s (continued) | 201,23 Solutions ~ Chapter - 1 Including the 5-sec instrument delay, about 75 See will be required for sampling, A delay time of 75 sec may be acceptable for low leak fates, but faster detection would be desired for dangerous concentrations of toxic pases, >) To reduce s 1) ot) 3) aime diameter tubing, neter for same flow rate, se thé tubing diam Reduce the wibing length Place units for the symbols and right hand sides of the equ Coefficient (0.943, the given eq) vation by assigni ion, and equate the units on the left NB Appropriate units to the LHS RUS Se, Btu al Bru (ey ft |Beul_[¢hncny i (h(t? )(aer) | Uthcnycaery | (ae (or Pfib, [fl by ame The units aie th e Same on the right and left so that 0.943 h with it, ) MAS NO UnLS associated The equation S dimensionally consistent, Use the SI System to show 2N cm? Me lem] (g)(cm) m ae 2) — HOG TO the uniuts of y IN ahs trrnblgl!.013 108 Palin? |105(e\em) (co) / tm y 7600 mmlg |i Pa (any(s?) 1.20 'gh\100 em i “ken (continued)| a1{ Solutions - Chapter (33322,4)4 em 1.25 Introduce the units, The net units are the same on both sides of the equation. ; re Ge 4) a 126 a, b, The dimensions are those of k /u0-487, or (moles) (2 ve ; (moles) (emP()hem Come 75) é cc. K'has the units | 127 | (h(t) [3600s] 1 _ Fraga sca4 3 Ip {1 br 112 in 20 Zed mill 1b (s)(tv) 5280 4 1 br BS 10x107 2. oa} __ SK) eee =e | 1014x107 tb,,| 1 mi 13600s 1 fi} m)12.5 kel 1 |t00cp)0.305_m|_1_m 7 3, Le ne ha 1.91 x10 m 12x10" 4 1 p [100 em|100 em| 4, 2mm|3 cm)25 bb ieee s fr 0. mml(30.48)'em* = [2.385107 128 1h=pQK m Tym {Q_gallK 1 ton 2000 1b,, gal 337 f° }60_min br (continued)Solutions ~ Chapte 1.29 hr Ip Ty |Q ga The first pa author is wrong (or the mass pe Braph of the letter is ok, In the second he molecular weight, ed number of molecules) and is not d ott ina ionic loin) = 4.011 x 10° Wa enytne) ragraph, the of mass fo moles rensionte even in SI, is th 130) MW -=40.08 g/g mol + 12.01 g/mol + 2016.00) e/gmol = [100.9 87g mal c; "0 10g CaCOs}1.0 g mol Cc a050-—— b Ee SHCO3 [T0907 pa ) 100.09 g Dasa) co) 20. 8 LaCO4} 1 1b_ mol Caco. = LOT marco 100.09 Ib CaCO, EY ay Se mol 1QU09. 15 } ib mol 131 A mole is a number of molecules. Molecular weight is the mass per mole, 1.32 All of the answers are wrong. A mole isa nuniber of molecules 1) Itis not a number of motecwies in a volume b) — Itis nota weight © Itisnota number of motceutes in a gram (Tis not an atomic weight or sum thereor ®) Mis nota molecular weight 1.33 ' by 2 1b mol Cyt |(44.09)1b C3114] 454g Coy _ faxio"g Gin | { tb mol C\Hy | T Ib CyHy 9 BEN, (05.23). Mact, gmol Np | (28.02)2 Np = [380.9% gmol MgCl Fe eee = DTT 454 gmol No (continued) 23Solutions ~ Chapter | 4 tb CpHO|_tb_mal_ Cyc (46.07) 1b, Catt = [99.56 gmol C,1,0 4), mol CoH 1 Ib GH,0 144 ‘The statement is partially correct. A mole is a number of entities, nov quantity dfanterial, "Quantity" usually is not considered to be enumerau 1353) mol! means the inverse of the unit “mol.” Dye Nee 1.36 Basis: 100 g of the compound mp, g Mw. mol Ratio of Atoms ee 2.11 2 3.51 Pa 09 0 51.46 16 3.22 1 i 6.43 1.008 638 « 2 3.0 Multiply by 11 to convert the ratios into integers becomes C120 11122 Checking MW: 12(12) + 11(16) + 22(1.008) = 342 (close enough) 1.37 Vitamn A, Mol Wi: 286 Vitamin C, mol. wt: 176 oO c Ci On Cet OO Oe UO ieee Pa Grandes he Bead Vidor Nee De Acces 2 S48 : 12 Tse elt melee hi 2 2 - iene es 0a AO ea Vitamin A: Basis is first entry in each calculation, ce 7 Aurea 2s Ms Sean 1g mol[454 g 2. = (0.035210) (continued)b. 1 2. Vitamin C: a ! 2; b. 1 2 {2 las p 1.00 Ih mol] sal 45: PEE ITE a7] 8 mol/4s4 go b mol] 454g mol] 176 1b mot {ig mot ~ 79.9 ke] Serb 138 Ac] .00_ g/cm? IO[ 11, ny [ee ny 20 | 453.6 4 ft Im or { 65.48 Ib, / fc] : 1.39 Was 51.168 1b 7A for aSolutions ~ Chapter Basis: 1000 Ib oil 140, 7.78 Ib Ae eh I 141, Basis: | L soln MW 119804 = 98.08 1.858) ee 18! tT g/em? H,0 | | 98.08 g 1,504] 0:20 amet 2804 96% 12804 _ 4) L soln 1 gmol 1,S0,] 0.96g HySO, L soln » acid|10.228 HySOx _ [5 59 £960 acid 1.8584 1180, | _L soln L soln 1004.7 g| - ©) Mass of 1 U solar 10.224 96% acu HOB 72 ae i cm? 1004.78 8 eae 1.0047 — 1000 cm? cm] H,S0 ios) = 28088 H,S0, g soln 1004.7 g soln 80 Po: d) ppm is & p x10° =[9,760 pay 26TAREE AA TERI ET TENET: Sine Pe Solutions ~ Chapter + 1 é Pice= 0.917 glem3 Density of ice Pio = 1.00 gfem3 Density of TOW) Pateohor = 0.791 gyem3 Density of pure aleohol Ifthe rum is 97 proof (48.5% Ftotl), the density is 0.917 prem, As the pre rises, the density of the solutions decreases below, that of ice, causing the ic sink, 1.43 Basis: 1 gat of solution, Mass of solution 1.0824 1b soinle, 1b 110 io |e HO] 140 [1 “1.99 6 FRO 7.481 pal 1.002 feH,0 \ 0.813 Ib Mass friction KOH = 2-813 Ib ass fraction aie Mass fraction HyO = 1 — 0.09 = 14d pater aL60°F = 0.99905 pimL. i 60°F _ 0.879 g/em? Sp. gr. of benzene at SOF __ 0.87: = [0879 tae 0.99905: g /em 1.45 a 3 a1 baa a bi? 3.2808 1 V 0.454 kg be 900 kg lig. 1m 1 tb, Ib, (continues 27Solutions — Chapter « | 900_kg| in m? [1.5L c. mee 35 ky lm in = e 0.232 + 1.35 1,46 Basis: 1.704kgHNO3 1 kg 120 | a Comp. kg! aL pereent 11NO3 1.704 0.63 63 120 eee OM ew Toul 2704 1.00 a7 : b. Ignore the change of density of water with temperature 1.382 1b soln] soln 0.63 1b 63 ty HNO A D soln_|624 1b WO 34,3 1b HNO; “Tb soln | 100 6 H20] te toi fsoin 1 f° 1,0 1.382 _g soln| : piven 1.00g H,0|0.63 g HNO3|I_g_mol HNO3|10"c . te sa 0.63 g HNO3|1 g mol PROS 100 6 H20 |) cm? H,0| —g soln 63 g HNO, | 1L tem 0 13.8 g mol L 1.47 Basis: 1 Day 200 mg HgClz 105 gal 248 gall 1 fe _| fe [1 tb [1 gmol HgCl | Tad lead 1b]454g)271.528 HEC, 00.61 Hg 1 gmol Hg =2 oo 1071? HET = 3,90 x10 ppm soln This discharge for 1 analysis is just below the prescribed limit oeSolutions ~ Chapter + 1 14g ke Density of acetaidehyde = 783 38 m volume of acetaldehyee 0.144 m3 Maximum required volume = 0.144 em3 volume of vessel = imax, required volume , r ie (0.144 m3) = 0.33 m ai : © Spherical vessel with a radius of 0.33 m could be used to sta 149 Example: Fe in Brand A 1310 g Fe _ 10° p Total > The other entries are similar 1.50, MeOH Specific gravity = 0.792 (« Bee ) cm 0.792, g peo 1 tb [16 O72 en 792, B Mcou| | = = [13.96 7 Ty | cm Tb 151 100,010 Ib 8.80 Ib] gat 10,010, “| 1 gal /o caeSolutions — Chapter - 1 152 a) 1000) | b) c) Yes, because for solids und liquids the ratio in ppb is mass whereas for gases the ratio is in moles. 1.53 «: 5000 bbL of 28° API oil + 20,000 bbl 15° API oil —9 cale. Prix in il, Iby/ft3 (assume volumes are additive); | bbl = 42 gal Thy, 28° i + Ib), 15201 5000+ 20,000 bbl (0.887)(62.4) = [55.36 Ib, 10] Sey. 0.966 — pis = (0.966)(62.4) = 60.27 Ib, 1? Voge = (5000 bb1)(42. gal /bbI)(A? /7.481. gal 807 x 104 > Vise = (20,000)(42. gal / bbIY(Fe 77.481 gal) =1.123x 10° papel So (5 sotage a 807 x10" fr?) 4 (00.27 2ay® (123% 10° ft?) SIE rae eet eee: PN 2807x1084 11231058 = [59.29 Ib, / | = [793 1b, Zeal 1.54 aoe Gs gun 45,38 + 131.5 30Solutions — Chapter - 1 155 1,56 157 isis: 190,000 ppm 9 in Pt 220000 8 PCE 09 = 15 Yes. Bases are first entries, & mol CCI] 29 g air = 25.4610 mg CCly /g air Standard: 1m? air inchuditig CCl, = 1 m3 air atones at 300K and 1 atm, the density of air is 0.8497 m3kg, 12.6 mg _CCla| 1 ony? air 25,600 ton ep 6 yr} 00 Ib[454_g]10% yr HE & ». 19.090 1b(Pymunicipat oe 30,100 1b(P)totai 19,090 1b(P)municipal 30,100 1b(P)rotal 0.70 1b(P) der 1b(P)municipa 100 1b(P), sea) jaan 0,100 1b(P) ar For d. and ¢. assume that (PJouittow remains unchanged, d.Pretained/ye = 2,240 + 6,740 +0.7 x 19,090 —4,500 = 17,843 toniyr Peonc. in ppbe + 200016] 1 g/ = = 92.6 ppb « This is greater than 10 ppb. ai (continued) a:Seneeeesoensenneensencsemmesttene-—r—= marimar, its emeere Solutions — Chapter - 1 | 2,240 + 6,740 + 0.3 x 19,090 4,500 = 10,207 2% | ye c. Pretained/yr P-cone. in ppb = Se ee eee ee earnh = 1.0728; 1.959102; by Sone Cpredicted 0.089 0.268 0.447. 0.536 0.626 pte! censity C1190 solution 1.59 Basis: 100 kg mol gas Comp kemol © ay Mass(ke) N2 40. 28 1120 C02 30 44 1320 CH “100 16 480 100 2920 mf Average molecular weight is pone kg mol 32Compound pb no} MMW tb chy 80 16 1280 0.688 Cally 10 28 280 0.151 Calig © 10 30 400 D161 1860 1000 Avg. MW. 1.61 Basis: 100g mol gas mol _Mw M4 28 32 18 Avg. mol wt De 100.0 1.62 Basis: 200 kg of liquid hoxane free basis Mass frac. MW Moles tix ol. fraction | moles mol. fraction ft Hotane (4) S812 1.376 0467 11.376 0.5537 Tees 4 2 eat og 0.376 41.109 0.4464 Merane 86.17 0.464 0.157 een xan 2.949 2.485 1.63 Basis: 100 kg coal, Elements in VCM: Carbon, Hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen Mass of carbon in VOM Mass of sulfur in VOM Mass of nitmogen in VCM = 1'30 ke ' Mass of moisture (H)0) 2kg ‘ No.of moles of HzO <= 3.265 = 0,178 ka mol { 18 ke/kemol (continued) 33sigan Solutions - Chapter - 1 which corresponds to 0.178 ky mol O and 2 (0.178) kg mol 11 mass of O in moisiture = 0.178 (16) = 2.85 kg O mass of Hin moisture s of O in VCM ss of Hin VOM 5.16 — 2.85 = 3.91 kg O Mi S 85 = 0.36 = 4.49 kg i M To summarize, Component oe Re ete 10.6 0.69 | 1.30 0.06 4.49 021 AL O12 21 1.00 1,64 Basis: 100 kg mol gas mass Conip. ke fiction CHa 20 320 0.085 85 ‘y CoH6 15: 150 0.040. 4.0 coz why : * 3300 0,875 82.5 Total 100 3770 1,000, 100.0 1.65 Basis: 100 kg mol gs -Componer kg Argon T600 x 1000 2600 +x = 0.1875 (2600 + x) \ x ~0.1875x = 0.1875 (2600) x = 487.5 = 600 0.8125 a) molecularwiof B= x= 600=[15 ke/kg mol 40 40 b) Average molecular wt = 2600 +x 100.0 = 3200 = [52 kg/ke mol] 100 34Solutions ~ Chapter - 1 1.66 ‘The gas has oxygen pl the “other gas needed in the ca “other gases". Assume thie averige molecular weipht fo be some unknown quantity: MWVunknown (is value is net ulations), Basis: 1.0 mole of the gas mixture, Let x be the mole fraction of oxygen. Then (Ex) is the mole fraction of the "other gases." averige moleeular weight = Yano t),(mole friction), Substituting: with correct oxygen molecular weight: 32x 4 MWunknown Cx) = 39.2 a) with incorrect oxygen molecular weight: 16x + MWanknawn (1=x) = 32.8 Q) ing, (32x — 16x) = 16x © (39.2 - 32.8) = 6.4 Solving equittlons (1) and (2) and subtea 6.4 x= 16 mole percent oxypen =[40%) = 0.4 = mole fraction of O2 1.67 =10+ 278 =.263K 10 (1.8) +32 = 14°F Teg = 14 +460 = 474°R 1.68 Yes, if the temperature scale is a relative one (°C, °F) No, if the scale is absoline. 1.69 es aa Substitute 1.8 Tk = Tog on Go = B41+2.4346x19%—_ 2 _ ) i : (gmol)(KPE ULB 35170 OCH LRer > US ee 1,0°CI ae ran 432 4 460°R = [SIP] ase eC | bares °) SPT OTE 2 i> parse ae eee | 150K]1.8°R 5 ‘eo abs end ) | eae 1.71 First multiply the RHS of the equation so that Ale 05480 eis WIN nodCH) T Bw 454 ymol es = 4.182 — (emol@K) anid substitute Top = 1.8Te¢ +32 Cy = [8-448 +0.5757 x 10°? (1.8T ac +32) -0.2159 x10°5(1.8T=¢ +32)" : 314! J + 0.3059 x 10°9(1.8 Tee +32) |. 182. = : (uate 32) aR) Simplifying, 2 Cp = 36.05 +0. 0447'T — 0.2874 x 10-4 T2 + 0.7424 x 10-8 T3 172. ‘The instrument does not contain mercury, but has to be one that responds at 76°C and can be calibrated to measure temperature. 173. The first sentence really means shat the unit interval A°C = the unitinteryal AK. dee ee eee K as a temperature medsure. ‘The second sentence is satisfactory eee ferred to temperature, but the “only difference” should be omiiten. JIE Sentences there is no difference in the precision but the repored valué of temperature may be rounded off to leave fewer significant figures (unlikely as much as one digit), i 36.Solutions ~ Chapter - 1 4 1.74 Basis: given temperatures* °F K 1do* a3 TT 298* 40 5 i fi 0 ¢. 1000" 10 f 540) 535 i g 1340 1oop+ h 1832 12373 an00* 1.75 3 isis G07] x 10-8 "(he y(ORY 0.17 x10 Bul(.geRyt | in? _Jaoa em)"|1.055% 108) (fy Cryer)? | @ Ky (my? tw 1.76 ited may be the highest barometric pressure but not the highest absolute or relative pressure. 1.77 Basis: Dept = 100m p= p, + pgh Tam+ 1900 7 kgl100 cm) Hoe eh m 37Solutions ~ Chapte 178 Basis: 300 kPa absolute aa.5 psa b, 300 kPa Gaibsolute) or 300— 101.3 = pe Nig Ua 2 oe Co 1013 300 kPal29 : f fee en 22 SS eG ee = [i004 ni1,0 1013 kPa a ee , 300 Rr 1.0332 gy Zem™ _ Dap « ka 1013 KP 179 as om= py = 00 elo oD up2ie 25,000 Ky] m En mg 25,000 kyl9.8 mf | ALR ,? [10 mito ml, 2 im : 2.450 re Lam ie2 psi _ (656 pal aim 180 pemnerete = 2080 kg/m? fa ange Pwater = 1000 kg/m? | x te ea 27.2.m Volume of concrete: a /*—— 30.4 m ——>| (continued) 38Solutions ~ Chapter - 1 181 Sides 5 : a | = 60.4 m! 1000 mm Ends y, eo eta [osu ean 1000 min Floor 4 m[200 mmm] es 1000 nmi al volume = 281.992 m2 992 m2 Mass of concrete = 291.992 m"|2080 k, 7 my Volume of displaced water requited to float: 586,543.36 ae 1,0 ——F—~ = 586.543 m? (OMe ee Vv V=LWh hs—— a ay 3 he eons 0.7042 tm The pressure is a gauge pressure OOF (difference) Alternate solution n be applying Ap = pAhg 148 ft = 586,543.36 ky| | Solutions - Chapter «1 Prop 20.82 8 ee co cin p=pgh so hyjy =Nrero Hp Basis: 5 in kerosine \ 25.4 mm} 0.82 g/em? _ 6 g/cm? 5.0 in kero} Vin 4.83 Basis: 26.2 in Hg vacuum | 4 [2.06 psia 29.92 in Hig 1.84 n Hg|260 mm He _ esa Tie 2 29.92 in Hg 1,85 Neither John is necessarily right. The pressure at the top of Pikes Peak is continually changing. | 186 Ap=pgh Pal | 1 kPa 1 kg {1000 Pa ms 1 0S-ANO AxBiotiom, Anata = 730.62. m? ‘ATop = 730.62 m? Avge = Dh = (30.5 m){03.1m) = 1255.2 im?!” S.A.= Atop + Apowom * Aside [- = 5 (continued) 40PIS.A) = (730.62 + 730.62 41255.22) mi? © Solutions = Chapter ~ 1 2716.46 m? 18? Ap=pyh 102/980 gen cm|_1 kg | 1 Pa | 1 kp. cay 1000 gf TT kg /ms"fiooo = [0.996 KP 1.88 Pat Pighy + prBdh = Pp Pat pigh, + pygAh = Pj O78 in Pz a Pa Pa = Pibhy + P28Ah ~ pyzh, ~ pygdg = P284h, ~pypAh = gAh(p, —p,) 41 (continued)Solutions — Chapter (2 a s Pa) 760. mm Hy Im TN|101.3x10"Pa Cnyts)? | m? = 18.4 mmHg ‘The pressure at A is higher than the pressure a B. 189 Vacuum Bas Opsi I psig Ovacuom 51 psig 14,7 psi 735 mm Hg, ‘atm pressure = 750 mm Hg 1) Assume the correction to the gauge reading is directly proportional to the gauge reading, The correction is 735/760 times the gauge readin: 51(735/760) = 49.3 psia : i oh is to assume the needed correction fixed (760-735)mmHg reduetion, or 25 mm Hig. ‘The second reading should be 51-251 () = 50.5 psi ! : 2)» Analterate correctis ‘Then the correction is 760 1.90 c open end of the tube is inverted into the mercury end of the dish, tnd no air is allowed into the upper end of the tube, only the weight of the Hg Column will press against the pool of Hg, ‘This weight will balance against the ‘atmospheric pressure pressing on the pool of mercury. aH: | co, fe ag Hepfin?|tomte) M= BE ig! Pa £ 1 ane (ode) | which yields Ibm so the procedure is ok, although the unit conversion becomes lost. in?‘Solutions ~ Chapter - L 1.92 Basis: 20 in Hg gauge pressure 20 in, Ug) 14.7 psig tae 29.92 in, 1 Aa 740 mm He! ee pad eae -=14,3 psia 760 mm Wp ia 14.3 -9.74 1.93 Pressure at “M = p,, p=pyh Pressure at 1 = py, + 30) (pu,o)8 Pressure at 2 = py +30) (Pnjo)e +h(Puo)e Pressure at 3. = Press. at 4 = Pw +0) (pn 0)8 + h(Pn,o)s + (Png Pressure at 5 = Pq +30) (n,0)8 +h(Pu,o)s + 6(Pu,)8 - rai oe Pressureat N= pq + (30) (py,0)8 +h(Pu,o)g +6 ae 6(oi,0)e * =h(py,0)8 =PN 2) py~ pm = [G0+8~6~(pn,0)+6(Pn) | or 24(1) + 6(13.6) =|105.6 in, HO} b) 194° Pressat l= pp -GPo + 3a = Pn ~3Po | hp, Press a2= py —3Pq bee = Press at 3. (2)(12) ho hon Press at 4 = = 305 ba Po — = ess al Pa Wot 79a "tiay “PA (continued) 43Solutions - Chapter - 1 bp ity h Nig ( =DaA= +39 — Po = aE + Pol 3 Pa Pa = gy t3Po 94 Pe = Gay +P ()13.6)(62.4) | (1728) (0.88)(62.4)(12 (1728) Pa-14t= py =0.491h 41.14 ~ 0.0159h 414.7 = 15.04 -+0.4751n_psial 1.95 Basis: 750 mm Hg Atmospheri absolute pressure pressure + gauge pressure 750) mom Hl 101344 O94 eo ot 760 mm Hg 440kPa absolute pressure = o Hig OL aNS ee 10anea \ 1 |760 min Hy | 540-102 = 765 mm 2 1.96 Basis: 31.5kPa atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure = absolute pressure i 98.2-31.5= a 31SKPa [66.7 kPa absolute] 1.97 Basis: Data in the diagram State 1 is before corking; state 2 is after equilibrium is reached after filling ‘Assume pa =pzt = 29.92 in, Hg abs. pz2 = Pa + Purge = 29.92 + h where pz2 is in inches Hg (continued) 44 1Solutions ~ Chapter - 1 Use the ideal gas law: pz2 Vz2 = pi Wat P22 = 29.92 (8/6) = 39.90 in. Ny 39.92=20.924+h or = 9.98 in, Hy 9.98 414 = [2s in. TF 198 Basis:.6.6 psig Use Ap = pgh twice, once for the CCly and oil, and once for the oil and water as systems; pec), =1.595g /.cm?. Pa PrapBlvny HPcei, Beery, = Pet Poi8(Ah) + Pec, 829.5) Pe + PoiB(An +7.5)+ Pip,0822) = Pat Proshn,o To simplify the two equations, neglect PyapBhyap- Putall of the terms in the units of inches of water. Note pygh, =p2gh, for two different Mui the same pressure. = 182.7 in, HO gauge = 406.9 in. 11,0 absolute 29.5 i z Pec, Blea, = ane oe =471 in, H,0 10. cm (continued) 45Solutions — Chapter - 1 Solve this second equation for pe and substitute for pe in the first equation Note that p,ygdh cancels. 580.64 47,1] 406.9 + hy —!-3= 22] 447.1 Tyo = 1554 in, 10 1.99 pygehiig = Prwia8? nuia 267-211 = 56 mm Ig =5.6 cm Ng Pouia = 72.8 em fluid = [1.04 g/cm] 1.100. ‘The pressure measured by the DP cell is Ap = Priguid B#tiquia + Prapor BZ vapor ‘The pressure is too high by (Pvapor EZyapor) and Ap is 100 high by 1.101 Surface Area = 50.3 m7 (8):m? an Walls: nDh = n(8m)(10m) = 251.3 m* Total area = 301.6 m? Vented arca needed = 0.41(kPa)”°(301.6 m*) : { (75 kay? = 45.1 m? __ Therefore, the area is [not sufficient 46| Sotu ons = Chapter - 1 1102 eae ffs? |(420—a80)mm] 1 in 2 inltad jn? A) 25.4 mm (13.6)62.4 1b, 200 mm Lin ue if? 25.4 mm 2 in te! (Ibp){s?)Solutions — Chapter TOS 2 Pa Benzene - (Ba) Pe = Pat Publ + Pnz8(36.3} Benzene, (Bz) +P ios: 36.3. em Puobla = Put PnzBla + Pj1,08(36.3) Manometer 2 fluid 20 = +Pio8la Pas Py =(Pi,0 Pz 26. 6)= 6.5 cm|t00 cm) 1 kg | 1N 1m [1000 gl(keyim)/s ae 0.42 kPa 1.104 Bota ce Pressure at A = 33.1 psig + 220. ml je 7 47-0 psin Pa = Pe #P.aB(7 in) + pyg(24 in) Pe= Pet Pyi8GL in) = pet poyg(l6 in) continued) 48Solutions = Chapter -1 + Po= P+ P oipBC15 in) = 324 kPa p ye in) — py,.824 th) i 24 kPa + pgqe(l5in) = 3 100 em } Im | Ke 100-cmn}"10.80en)241 inf0.0254 mm|_1.N_LLkPa an fit tm Fg? Hin) edn 9? NL m 9.92 ing : auinill RO in HO! ft 013 kPa Tinoil = 112 in)33.91 ft 20 1.105 BaCl2 + Na2SO4 —, BaSOg + INaCl : | Mol. wt: 208.3 142.05 | 233.4 58.45 5.0 g NaSO4 5g Na,SO. 4 H 2OR.3 g Bach, gmt acl, Example: Tad Ba Problem B Answer . 5g BaSog 4.47 g BaCly ¢ Sg NaCl 8.91 gBaCly d 5g HaCl 3.41 g NapSO4 ce. 5 ¢ BaSO4 3.04 g NarSO4 E 5 Ib NaCl 6.08 tb NagSOx B S lb BaCla 5.59 Ib BaSOg h. 5 tb NapSOq 8.21 Ib BaSO4 i, Sb NaCl 9.98 Ib BaSO4 49Solutions ~ Chapter - 1 p, 20.23 1b mole CaCOy + 112804 9 CaSOg +120 + CO2 MgCO, + 12804 > MgSO4 + H20 + COz 1.106 AgNOs + NaCl + AgCl + NaNO3 Mol. wt: 169.89 58.45 143.3. 85.01 a. Basis; 5.0 4 NaCl Few SOG Snel Be '! ral gl) 58.45 1g mol Nac Basis Answet . SgAgCl 5.92 g AgNO3 ¢ Sy NaNOs 10,00 g ARNOS a. 5.4 AgNO3 1,721 g NaCl ¢ 5g Agcl 2.04 g NaCl fi 5 1b NaNO3 3.44 Ib NaCl & 5 Ib AgNO} 4,22 Ib AgCl h 5 lb NaCl 12.27 Ib AgCl i 5 Ib AgNO3 4.22 1b AgCl 1.107 B ton dolomite Assume complete Comp, Me | CaCO3 168 MgCO3 30 Si02 oD: ‘Total 100 ton dolomite 1 mol CO, produced! Tmolreact | mol H,SO, read 98 1b 180,41 joo tb acid Tmolreact I mole H,S0,,|94 lb H,SO, reactions Ib mol th molwi, tha react 1360 100.0 13.60 600 84.3 213 _40 60.0 2000 20.73 44 1b 1 ib mol CO, 50| Solutions — Chapter - 1 1.108 \ "Basis: 2 g mol C:6x12=72 I 8x 1=8 0: 6x16=96 mol. Wt, = 72 4 8 +96 = 176 2g moll 176 tg moll Sty 1.109 ILION(S) + CO2(p) > LigCOx(s) + H20(1) mol, wt (23.7) (44.01) 73.88) (18.00) a, Basis: 100 kg CO2 Lkg C41 kg mol CO, [2 ky mol JOH| 23.9 kg Li 1.09 ke LiOi] b, Basis: 100 kg LiON Penalty en), (100) = [67.195] 1.110 Basis: 2000 tons 93.2% H2SQ4 (1 day) Os a 1 molS i mol HS _ 2000 tons oo 932.ton geo! 6 ton , 609 ton S 913.5 ton_O7 2.ton § eer Ton mol H 07 Be6 ton 110] 5]Solutions - Chapter - 1 LI Ba is: 1 Ib Bra 2BF > 1Br, IBr + Cla 2CP + Bry 10.9 159.8 Bry + Cglly + CollgBr2 28” 187.9 70.9 Wb Hb Br,|_mole Bry mole Cl, I mole Cl, Tole Br, b, Lb Brslix10° th s 5,400 Ib seawater gq, UeBr| mote Br, [1 mole C,H Br 159.91 Br] V mole Br, 187.9 1b CH Br. Tinole C)1,Br, 1112 a) LUs RHS c 4 4 i 10 10 Zn 1 1 oO 14 14 Yes, the equation is balanced. b) Basis: 1.5 kg 1,0. gmol_ ZnO 00 1_gmol_DEZ| 1 gmol ZnO! 123.4 gDEZ gmol DEZ 1 1.5 kg ZnO|1000 g ZnO} 1.0 kg ZnO |81.40 g ls ky DEZ, 1000 g Di ea 1.0 g H,0 g Hy lcm? H,0| 18.0 g H,0 |§ gmol HO 5 DEZ! Ss ol 101 griol peli gD 1 gmol DEZSi ee ac ae SRG CO Ce Ss Sorc ion oaey ogteetrcie eee tines nt Solutions = Chapter -1 1113 be FeSO4-7H,0 | 277.0 FeSO, -11,0 16' FeSO4- 410 223.9 TSO, 151.9 Wis best to evaluite the three types of ferrous sulfate in terms of the eostfton of FeSOx. Basis: 475 ton material a FeSO, -711,0 THO] which is equivalent wo | 8G 35 t ton FeSO, -7H1,0] H,0]1 ton mol i ton mol FeSO,-7H,0] 1 ton mol $323/ton FeSO, b. 51.9 ton FeSO,|__1 ton mol FeSO, _| ton mol FeSO, -411,0 ton mol FeSO, |! ton mol FeSO, -411,0|223.9 ton FeSO, -411,0 = [$2197 t0n 1,0] @ FeSO, -1,0: $323 ton FeSO, = [82897 ton FeSO, 17,0] 151.9 ton FeSO, 1.114 The reaction is 53Luis LG | Solus’ as —Chapter ~ 1 Bas is: 1 L solution = 1000 g 11,0 50 y H,S]1_g mol 1,5) 10%g soln] 34 gH, 1g mol HOCH Tg mol HLS 52.45¢ 1 gmol HO 100 g HOC! solv 5 gHOCI 4000, sl solution B08 g HOC 1 L soln You can use the density of 1,0 for the deasity of the solution as the H)S content has negligible effect on the density. NagCO3 + Ca(OH) > 2NAOH + Basis: 1 ton of soda Lton mol Na,CO,| 2 ton mol NaOH | 40.0 ton NaOH _ 106 ton Na,CO, {I ton mol Na,CO,|1 ton mol NaOH 0.755. ton NaOtl S172 ton NayCOy] The above result is for the case of free Ca(OH). Otherwise, the value must be reduced to compensate for the cust of the Ca(Ol,) -- which might cone from the CaCO, produced, and possibly be chenper than Ca(OH) purchased directly. 1117 Basis: 100 ky mol CaCOs fed to kiln 70% reacts 57-kg CaO Tkgimol CuO, Product: eae 3990 kg CaO 4 ke CO; 3080 kg CO le mol Beat (continued)| Solutions — Chapter - 1 30 kx mol CuCO,| 101 kg Caco. i kg mol CaCO, 170 kg mol tonal But, solid phase neglects CO2,/s0 Mass Mok 70 + ACO, = 3030 - [4334] OO; = F036 Tkg mol Caco, 3030 ke Caco, 3990 + 3030 = 7020 1b 30 60 1b mot 3080 CO, produced] TOO ke mol C (0305 ke CO, produced] 100.09 Eg Timestone 1,118 49% HE s is 100% Si a} be 70% HINO, B MIXER dD Ber |e ise : Bah to (20% 1450 J tarieae | Boho sain ne cquicoyt 100% C,H3CO,H 351+ 4NINOS + IRE — 3NQSiFs + ANO + 81120 a Si to be removed .20%10"*cm|2 side] 6000 wafer|n}(15.0 cm)*|2.33 et Mol Si 45) 79 mol Si side hr 4 cm? |28.09gSi ° * he Basis: 1 LB 279.312 ke/hr (see below), Acetic acid not involved in the reaction, Limiting reactant: HNO) (see below). Etching solution flow rate is (continued) 55Solutions = Chapter - Moles HNO3; $8,000 cm? 5: 1. cm’ HNO, Sotn 8 cm’ Etch soln 4134 g HINO, Soln| _70 2 HNOy cm INO, Soln |100 g HINO, S ola, mol HINO. 63 g HINO, 15.70. mol HNO, 8,000 cm'l 8,000 cm’ 17.40 mol HE 5 b. Limiting reactant from reaction equations: If all HP reacts 3 mol 18 mol HE 19,57 mol Sic |_ Amol Si 4 mol HNO, 7 mmol HINO, 1,78 mol Si consumed Thus, the amount of Si consumed is Timited by the amount of HNO3. Limiting Renet ¢. Etching solution: 1 B_|351.79 mol Si gmsl eae 4LAl29.86 LB TLB| br LA Y br ae 42.209 | | 143.105 le (continued) 56Solutions — Chapter - 1 119 Basis: p-nitrophenol” A 100 kg moi -amnino,hydrochiloride pheno! acetic anhydride 75% Neutralize lo pH 6 NOH D i acetaminophen 100 kg mol A [0.95 kz mol CoaNO |.4 ol Cel mol CoH gNOCI Nol CyltyNO> isNOz ih akg mol Cgli7NO_ > [0.619 Tietion overall conversion], 1.120 Or @, ; Septic Tank ee | 109% €411,0,N1 95% conversion "| CsH702N Ho C560 ND te : ly 1 BE O35, 32 N14 N 4 1 4 13 kevk mol 18 000 ke C} Ska Ny 55.556 k mol NH \ | 18 ke NEY (continued 3755,556 k mol NIL Lk mol C11 ,0,N [95 k a 100 k mol fed 55k mol NIy TORAS kg _CyHGO2N 1.12] Reaction on which to base excess is Fe203 + 3C > 2Fe + 3CO Lion Fey03 Basis: 1 1b mol FeO, Lie mol C 203 |I Ib mol FeO: 1 Ibm 155 21b mol 1 ton Fe.03} 1200 1b Ib mol Fe. 85 Ib Te| ‘cO. 1 Ib mol CO tb FeO ie mol 2ib mol Fe (938 Ib CO) Total (35:62 Ib CO + 902.4 Ib CO) = IW mol Fe [3 [55.85 1b Fe|2 Ib mol | Ib mol FeO 1.85 Ib FeO} 1 ton Fe,0,| 81) Toren 1200 Ib Fe i ton Fe,0; Libmol C | 2 1b mot FeO 183 tb FeO 7 tn Fe,0, Lton 387.1 + 15.3 = (402.4 Ib © ised /Tion Fe204 58 3b mol CO|_28 lb CO i Ib mot Ib mol C |12Ib C b mol C 1210C. ~ eee 15.3 1bC k mol C5f170,N 121bC emer 4°! 9.7 Wb FeO, Tibmol Fe,0; 28 Ib CO. 113 kg Cslt,0,N = 902.4 Ib CO = 387.1 1bC (continued)1.122 | Solutions — Chapter °O}.1 Ib mol COT T th mat 12 1bC | Beast Hib mol CO|TD mol E 20 Ih He forme Mass basig: 1200 Ib Fe formed d. Selectivity 183 Ti 1200 11 21.49 1h mol Fe Ib mol Feo. 183 Ib FeO x. FLAS eo 7 255 Ih mal Feo i) Ee Mole Basis: 214) bp) ‘¢ 2 Hol Fe Clo + 2NaO11 3 NaCl + NaOCl +1120 MW: 71.0 40.01 585 745 18.0 Basis: 1145 Ibm NaOt + 851 1b Cla (9 618 Ibn NOCH © & Determine limiting reactant Assume all Cla reacts, red. ‘alcul:te 1b of NaOH requ NiOH required £2!» mol Ni Ib mol 201i)! mol Cl, [8511 Cl 7b Cl, = 959.11 1b NaOLL required Jimitin, eatctant Ib. mol NaOH in ex Ibmal NaOH for ren Ib mol NaOH Ihypwou| hmatNa 77} - (959 ules ; eee = [4% NvOn| Degree of fetion = Ib. mol NiOCl formed actual 0.692] oe ICI formed for complete ben d. Yield of NaOCl = $18.16 NWOCI _ (73g 851 1b Cl, b, % excess NAO = * (100) (ig 1 91a 100)Solutions + Chapter ~ a) Supplied Required: 1.60 = [199] b) Degree of conversion of the limiting re: ©) Analysis of final produc In(mol) Consumed Generated (mol) (mol) €a,(P0,), 160 0401.60) 0 NayCO, 472 0.4(1.60)3) 0 CaCO, 0 0 0.4(1.60)(3) NajPo, 0 [9 0.4(1.60)(2) Out (mote) | MW Out owt) Cay(PO,), 0.96 312.6 300 Naz, 2.80 106 297 CaCO, 192 100.1 192 NajPO, 1.28 164 210. 999 L60—15 2 : | 500kg Cax(PO)). + S00kg NagCO3 MW kg. mol Ha2CO3 106 4.72 Cax(PO,) 312.6 1.60 ctant = [40% (piven) Out (mol) 0.96 2.80 1.92 1.28 60