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The Present Subjunctive Form: en Bonne Forme, 8th Edition Student Website Selected Grammar Explanations in English
The Present Subjunctive Form: en Bonne Forme, 8th Edition Student Website Selected Grammar Explanations in English
Student Website
Selected Grammar Explanations in English
Chapter 16
The indicative and the subject are mood constructions. The indicative is the real-action mood;
it describes facts. The subjunctive is the mood of wishes, possibilities, and doubts. In French,
you use the subjunctive quite often, especially in dependent clauses. The principal verb or the
conjuction determines if the subjunctive is used in the dependent clause.
There are four subjunctive tenses. In popular language, you use the present and the past
subjunctive. In literary language, you also use the imperfect and past perfect subjunctive
tenses. There is no future subjunctive tense. The present subjunctive indicates the future.
Forms
Regular Subjunctive
The majority of verbs have a regular subjunctive conjugation. You form the subjunctive with
the third person plural of the present tense. Drop the -ent to obtain the root and then add one
of the following endings: -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent.
1. Regular Verbs
b. Irregular verbs ending in -ir, -oir, and -re in the present indicative form have two
roots in the present subjunctive: the root of the third person plural of the present tense
for je, tu, il , ils and the third person of the imperfect for nous and vous.
c. The verbs croire, rire and voir use -yi- or two -i- for nous and vous.
Usage
General Rules
1. Verbs expressing will, preference, necessity, emotion, feeling, doubt, or possibility are
always followed by que and the subjunctive when the principal verb and the subordinate
verb have different subjects.
Odette est triste que son frère ne soit pas près d'elle.
2. If the subject of the principal verb is the same as the subject of the subordinate verb, use
the infinitive construction.
3. If the principal verb is impersonal, the subject of the subordinate verb must represent a
noun or a precise pronoun. If not, use the infinitive construction.
Subjunctive or Infinitive?
Verbs that express an opinion, a declaration, a certainty, and the verb espérer (to hope) are
followed by the indicative when they are in the affirmative form.
If these verbs are in the negative or interrogative forms, however, they express doubt and
therefore can be used with the subjunctive. The indicative is also an option in these cases, it is
merely a difference in the quality of the language. Careful, elegant, or written language calls
for the subjunctive; the indicative is more appropriate for simple, spoken language.
Je ne pense pas qu'il pleuve. (ou qu'il va pleuvoir)
1. Here are the main conjunctions used before the subjunctive form:
2. For certain conjunctions, the subjunctive is the logical form to use becauce the action that
follows has not yet happened (jusqu'à ce que, avant que, pourvu que, pour que, sans
que) or contains an emotion (de peur que).
Nous allons vous expliquer cette règle jusqu'à ce que vous la compreniez.
3. Use the subjunctive form with the conjunctions avant que, pour que, de peur que, sans
que when you have two different subjects in the main and subordinate clauses. If the
subjects of the two clauses represent the same person, use a preposition and an infinitive.
Forms
The past subjunctive form is regular for all verbs. Take the past tense of the indicative and
add the auxiliary avoir or être.
Usage
The past subjunctive form indicates that an action happened before the action of the principal
verb even if the principal verb is in the past tense.
1. In spoken language and in simple written language, you use both the present and past
subjunctive forms.
a. The present subjunctive is used to indicate that the action of the subordinate verb
happened at the same time or after the action of the principal verb, even if the
principal verb is in the past tense.
b. The past subjunctive form is used to indicate that the action happened before the
action of the principal verb.
2. In written literary language, there are two other tenses: the imperfect subjunctive and the
past-perfect subjunctive (See “Temps et constructions rares” on your Online Study
Center).