TAUTOLOGIAS

1- ~~P <=> P
P P ~(~P) ~(~P) <=>P
v f v v
f v f v

8
LEYES CONMUTATIVAS

2- A-
(p ∨ q) ⟺ (q ∨ p)
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B-
(p ⋀ q) ⟺ (q ∧ p)
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C- (p ↔ q) ⟺ (q ↔ p)
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3-
[(p v q) v r] <=> [p v (q v r)]
v v v
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v v v
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v v v
v v v
v v v
f v f ∨

B- [(p ^ q) ^ r) <=> [p ^ (q ^ r)]

v v v
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4-
[p ∨ (q ^ r)] <=> [p ∨ q) ^ (p ∨ r)]
v v v
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f v f

B- [p ^( q ∨ r )] <=> [(p ^q) ∨ (p ^ r)]

v v v
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5- (p ∨ p <=>
6-
~(p ∨ q ) <=> (~p ^ ~ q)
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f v v

B- ~(p ^ q ) <=> (~p ∨ ~ q)

F V F
V V V
V F F
V V V

C- (p ∨ q) <=> ~(~p ^ ~q )
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f v v

D- (p^q) <=> ~(~p ∨ ~ q)

v v f
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7-
(p -> q) <=> (~p ∨ q )
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v v v

B- (p -> q ) <=> ~(p ^ ~q)

v f v
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8-
(p ∨ q ) <=> ( ~ p -> q)
v v v
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B- ( p ^ q) <=> ( ~ p -> q)
v v v
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9-
[( p -> r) ^ ( q -> r)] <=> [( p ∨ q ) -> r]
v v v
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v v v
f f v
v v v
f v f
v v v
v v v

B-
[( p -> q) ^ ( p -> r) <=> [ p -> (q ^ r )]
v v v
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f v f
v v v
v v v
v v v
v v v
11-
[( p ^ q ) -> r] <=> [ p -> (q -> r )]
v v v
v v f
f v v
f v v
f v v
f v v
f v v
f v v
12-
( p -> q ) <=> ( ( p ^ ~ q ) -> c ]
v v v
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v v v
v v v
v v v
v v v
13-
(p --> (p ∨ q )
v v v
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f v v
f v f
14-
(p^q) => p
v v v
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f v f
f v f
15-
[p ^ ( p -> q )] --> q
v v v
f f f
f v v
f v v
16-
[( p -> q) ^ ~q) => ~q
f v f
f v v
f v f
v v v
17-
[( p ∨