EN 1994-1-1:2004 (E) Nea is the total design normal force; m~ Nora is the part of this normal force that is permanent. (CD) One gQX 6.7.3.4 Methods of analysis and member imperfections SN (1) For member verific siya a, analysis should be based on second-order linear cas hi (2) For the determination of the internal forces the design value of se stiffness (EDer.n Should be determined from the following expression: ct (ED ae = Ko Egly* Ely + Kops Bom fe) fa» (6.42) where: v{D Ken i correction factor which should be taken as; (Q. / Ky is acalibration factor which should be taken as 0,9. [2 y y AS Long-term effects should be taken into account in accordance with @ #2344). (3) Second-order effects need not to be considered where ioe and the elastic critical load is determined with the fl iffiness (EDs i ith (2). load is determined with the flexural stiffness (2esxn —~ ¢ (4) The influence of geometrical and structural iny =p may be taken into account by equivalent geometrical imperfections. Equivalent membi snp estions for composite columns are given in Table 6.5, where Z is the column length. 5) Within the column length, second-order effeetay We allowed for by multiplying the greatest ae) plying first-order design bending moment Mes by seete iv by: k-—4 _, 210 SY 2D (6.43) Weal Neat les where rae Neg is the critical normal ay, ~ relevant axis and corresponding to the effective flexural stiffness given in. (B540), with the effective length taken as the column length: mo B _ isanequivalent mop fe eer given in Table 64 6.7.3.5 Resistance of membersin axial compression (1) Members may be vet opseeond order analysis according to 6.7.3.6 taking into account member imperfections. <7] (2) For simplification & _ma)bers axial compression, the design value of the normal force Neg should satisfy: (6.44) where: ~/ / Noize BARE plastic resistance of the composite section according 10 6,7.3.2(1), but with fy determined using the partial factor yan given by EN 1993-1-1, 6.1(1); 70EN 1994-1-1:2004 (E) % is the reduction factor for the relevant buckling mode given in EN 1993-1, 6.3.1.2 in terms of the relevant relative slenderness 7. ( Hk bobs The relevant buckling curves for cross-s eC NTA 6.5, where pris the reinforcement ratio A,/ A 2 T / Table 6 Factors for the determination of moments to secon dfter theory “Moment distribution ‘Moment factors 8 [ONC Canjment {| First-order bending |Afgqissé maximum, 2} | moments from hd moment within 1 | member Cf ths.cafumn length imperfection or_“~ ignoring second-order lateral load: <\ Pffects aa p=19 =| (ok) ' Cae: et NS ND Mes J End monienté: ‘Mpg and r Mey are the lon end moments from first- ( @>P'66+ 0.447 | order or second-order AA) global analysis Rottas 0.44 “ists! = ow 6.7.3.6 Resistance of members in dantbined compres bending — >), (1) The following expression basé should be satisfied he interaction curve determined according to 6.7.3.2 (2)(5) (6.45) where: ~Y Mes is the g4eatest BF the end moments and the maximum bending moment within the colugmh Aenth, calculated according to 6.7.3.4, including imperfections and second order fre it9 if necessary; Myxra sheplaste bending resistance taking into account the normal force Nea, given by uf By. See Figure 6.18; Mjrxa is he Alastic bending res For sedi gridgS between $235 and S3 steel aides $420 and $460 as 0,8. tance, given by point B in Figure 6.19. inclusive, the coefficient ay should be taken as 0,9 and for nEN 1994-1-1:2004 (E) Table 6.5 : Buckling curves and member imperfections for composite columns —/—~. 2 Cross-section Limits | Axisof | Buckling buckling | curve ‘concrete encased section yy b r i we eK partially concrete encased a section yy ETP i200 WY i [) ! a { v) 1/150 Sey Hs SS —_| “ole selection Oy 1.3% any a 1/300 b 1/200 circular hollow steel in b 1200 with additional I-section -‘@ b 11200 partially concrete encased |) section wih rose mi sections ( C5] a Y any b 1/200 oR [LO S77 LY/EN 1994-1-1:2004 (E) (2) The value 41s = sey OF fag, « See Figure 6,20, refers to the design plastic resistanee-mament Mine for the plane of bending being considered. Values s4 greater than 1.0 should only bg Wed) where the bending moment /Mea depends directly on the action of the normal force Neg’for example where the moment Meg results from an eccentricity of the normal force Nes Oecd an additional verification is necessary in accordance with clause 6.7.1 (7). ~~ > Figure 6.20 : Design for compression and biaxial bending ' Si 6.7.3.7 Combined compression and biaxial bending (1) For composite columns and compression/rémbles with biaxial bending the values say and gs in igure 6.20 may be calculated according ev Jeparately for each axis. Imperfections should be considered only in the plane in which fiitde etected to ooour Il the more critical, checks should be ma oti planes. it is not evident which plane is (2) For combined compression and Grading the following conditions should be satisfied for the stability check within the column lenge and for the check at the end: (6.46) Hey Motysra M, se 47) Hay Moiy.xa where: 7 ‘Mpiy xa and Mod ‘are the plastic bending resistances of the relevant plane of bending; Myra and, Mee are the design bending moments including second-order effects and imperfections according to 6.7.3. “© are defined in 6.7.3.6; Ry and oy = ay. are given in 6.7.3.6(1). 3