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33.origen Del Dolor PDF
33.origen Del Dolor PDF
del dolor
Da igual que la espalda se desgarre, la cabeza martillee o se pinche la pantorrilla;
el dolor nace siempre en el cerebro. El dolor es algo más que una mera experiencia somática.
Al tiempo que despierta sensaciones, sucumbe a la fuerza controladora de la mente
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AKG BERLIN
decía Frida Kahlo. Esta artista mexicana
sufrió dolores intensísimos durante años
a raíz de un accidente de autobús que le
produjo una lesión en la columna
vertebral.
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-%$&15,3/"5# +','-:3.".@# '.# M&,3:"# 3.52 BURKHART BROMM es director emérito
del Instituto de Fisiología de la Clínica
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Universitaria de Hamburgo-Eppendorf.
5%:",%5'.5%-3"&N#'.#*3-,4+#+'#&"#:35:"@
&%5#'5,):4&%5#,1/,3&'5#/%,3+3".%5@#94'#'.
/%.+3/3%.'5#.%-:"&'5#.3#53943'-"#$'-/32 Bibliografía complementaria
73:%5@# $-%+4/'.# +'# -'$'.,'# 4.# +%&%- NERVOUS SYSTEM PLASTICITY AND CHRONIC
3.5%$%-,"7&'=#A5,"5#0"&5"5#$'-/'$/3%.'5 PAIN. J. Sandkühler, B. Bromm y G. Geb-
/%.5,3,4D'.# 4.# 538.%# /"-"/,'-)5,3/%# +' hardt. Elsevier; Amsterdam, 2001.
94'#'&#:'.5"('#.%/3/'$,3*%#6"#&&'8"+%#" HANDBUCH CHRONISCHER SCHMERZ. U. Egle,
&"#:':%-3"#+'&#+%&%-= S. Hoffmann, A. Lehmann y W. Nix.
AC35,'#4.#+3/6%#"&':1.#94'#-'<"O#P4. Schttauer Verlag; Stuttgart, 2002.
3.+3%#.%#/%.%/'#'&#+%&%-Q=#R%#5?&%#'5#"72
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Presagios de la desdicha *+#$,(#'3(#-+#T$1+*2."#$6($(#-+6"#$6(
-(0#.>0$+$"-,"#$6($,(&+P+1.>05$(0$1"01,(B
Uno de cada diez pacientes de migraña experimenta, poco antes del ataque -"$(0$&"#$=.0(#$6($#(*+0+7$+&-(,+1."0(#
doloroso, un “aura”: se le aparecen imágenes fantásticas a un lado del campo ?",*"0+&(#$ 63,+0-($ &+$ *(0#-,3+1.>07
de visión, como líneas que se mueven en zigzag, rayos o centellas. A veces, el 1+*2."#$ +-*"#=R,.1"#7$ +&-(,+1.>0$ 6(&
aura va acompañada de parálisis o trastornos sensoriales en una parte del ,.-*"$ #3(D"B9.%.&.+$ "$ 6(#1+0#"B+1-.9.B
cuerpo, así como de lalopatías. Propio del aura migrañosa es que los síntomas 6+64$< 9(1(#5$&"#$6"&",(#$+'+,(1(0$.01&3#"
se expandan poco a poco durante varios minutos. Bien es verdad que de- '",$#>&"$,(-,+#+,#($&+$?",+$6($&+$1"*.6+
saparecen antes de una hora, pero el sufrido paciente no puede alegrarse por "$'",$?+2(,$2(2.6"$+&1"?"&4$U"6"#$(#-"#
ello. Sabe que, en los próximos sesenta minutos, el martillo neumático comen- 6(#(01+6(0+0-(#$#($'3(6(0$,(631.,$+$30
zará su trabajo; el dolor de migraña empieza a actuar y continúa después 6(0"*.0+6",$1"*S0T$.,,(%3&+,.6+6(#$(0
durante unas horas y, a menudo, hasta tres días. Sólo esta persistencia carac- (&$*"6"$6($9.9.,4
terística diferencia el aura de la migraña de los trastornos circulatorios tran-
sitorios del cerebro. Dormir lo suficiente es tabú
El aura de la migraña se dispara posiblemente por lo que se denomina una Q(,"5$V1>*"$'3(6($&+$*E#$*:0.*+$6(#B
onda de despolarización neuronal. Simultáneamente se extiende una modifi- 9.+1.>0$6($&+$,3-.0+$',"9"1+,$30"#$6"&"B
cación del potencial de membrana de las neuronas hacia valores más positi- ,(#$-+0$.0#"'",-+2&(#W$C0$&"#$'+1.(0-(#
vos de entre tres a cinco milímetros por minuto. Por lo general, la onda de 6($P+83(1+5$&+#$0(3,"0+#$6(&$1(,(2,"$,(+1B
despolarización se limita a la mitad posterior de un hemisferio cerebral; esta 1."0+0$1"0$?.'(,#(0#.2.&.6+6$(0$13+0-"
onda la recorre, partiendo del lóbulo occipital, en el transcurso de entre cinco
'+,(1($83($(#-E$+*(0+/+6"$30$(83.&.2,."
a diez minutos. Los típicos trastornos ópticos del aura podrían deberse a la
.0-(,0"$"$(;-(,0"4$!+$13&'+$&+$-.(0(05$(0
paralización transitoria de las conexiones nerviosas en el córtex visual.
(#-+$1"*"$(0$"-,+#$*31?+#$(0=(,*(6+B
6(#5$ &"#$ %(0(#7$ (,,",(#$ (0$ (&$ %(0"-.'"
IMAGENES ',"631(0$6(=(1-"#$(0$&"#$1+0+&(#$.>0.B
1"#5$-S0(&(#$',"-(:0.1"#$+$-,+9R#$6($&"#
FANTASTICAS. Si un
13+&(#$&"#$E-"*"#$)$*"&R13&+#5$6"-+6"#
paciente de jaqueca ve 6($1+,%+5$+-,+9.(#+0$&+$*(*2,+0+$1(&3B
los síntomas de un aura &+,4$< &"#$+=(1-+6"#$#($&(#$'3#"$)+$(0$&+
como estas líneas 130+$30+$',(6.#'"#.1.>0$+$&+$*.%,+D+4
zigzagueantes en su L($ 1.(,-+$ 9+,.+0-(5$ 83($ #>&"$ #($ ',(B
campo de visión, sabe #(0-+$(0$6(-(,*.0+6+#$=+*.&.+#$@X*.%,+D+
?(*.'&RP.1+$=+*.&.+,YA5$#($?+$.6(0-.=.1+B
THOMAS BRAUN