ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES - EQUIPMENTS, USE,

ADVANTAGES, TECHNOLOGY

What is advance construction ?

 v The Indian construction industry is experiencing a period of fast

growth. Aiming to overcome the housing problem, it also has to
face the dual challenge of fulfilling the needs of the client and
maintain the quality standards. At the same time, upgradation of
technology through adoption of new techniques has become
necessary to survive in the tough competitive environment.


 v The traditional methods of construction are inadequate in

executing the work speedily with economy and quality. The
construction industry in India must switch over to techniques and
 equipments to achieve it's goal in "minimum time with maximum
efficiency".

NECESSITY OF ADVANCED TECHNIQUES

 v The building construction activity, especially the residential and

commercial complex, is highly labour intensive with very little
mechanization. Approximately 35% of the total construction cost
is spent on labour.

 v The labourers have their limitations and may fail to meet the time
limits. The quality of workmanship, too, differs from person to
person. Hence, quality standards cannot be maintained. Wastage of
material is considerably high as it is handled and utilized manually.

 v The objective of construction organization should be 'speed and
economy'. This cannot be achieved with labour oriented
construction

 v methods. Only studying and adopting modern industrial
techniques and equipments is the solution. By this, one can save
material, reduce labour expenses and increase the speed of work,
leading to the economy in construction.

 v Though the scope of the subject is vast, in this chapter we shall
discuss only the advanced techniques to be used in construction
activities,

EQUIPMENTS USED FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM

CONSTRUCTION WORK
· Chain and pulley block.
· Grouting pumps.
· Sprayers for painting work.
· Tile cutters.
· Portable hand drilling machines.
· Horizontal trolleys, wheel barrows.
· Pumps.
· Vibrators for compaction of concrete, surface vibrators.
· Auto ramming concrete block machine.
· Sand washing machine.
· Vertical lifts, hoists, winches.
· M.S. tubular scaffolding, and form work.
· Concrete mixers.
· Cranes.
· Earth excavators.
· Earth movers.

 The engineer in-charge should study, develop, and implement the

advanced techniques, to improve the quality of work, with speed
and economy. Some of the techniques are listed below –

 v The different work stages through which basic material is

converted into the finished product, maybe studied.


 v Relation between different work stages are established as a

flowchart.


 v Works are planned and executed according to the work and time
study.

 v Planning and execution of the activities ís done according to bar
charts, C.P.M. and P.E.R.T.


 v Suggestions are put forth, discussed and implemented to improve

quality.


 v Prefabricated and precast units are utilized, wherever possible.



 v Admixtures and plasticizers are used for concreting and water-

proofing.


 v 'Design mix and weigh batching' are used for mass concreting.


 v Easily detachable light weight tubular structures are used.



 v Modern methods of curing are adopted.



 v Advanced adhesives and chemicals are used.



 v Simultaneous execution of the activities is arranged.



 v Work is executed in shifts.



 v Activities are crashed.



 v Task work is delegated to the labourers along with incentives.

USE OF COMPUTER IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
 With the evolution of computer technology, the dimensions of the
computer have shrunk while increasing it's power and speed. Advanced
technology of computers has valuable applications in building
construction. They are

v Construction management.
v Structural design.
v Estimation and costing.
v Architectural and interior designs.
v Financial management.

(1) COMPUTER FOR CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

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