Ye OCHOBbI SNEKTPOQUHAMUKM Ce SNEKTPUYECKOE NOE B kaKoli Teopum — ganuiopciicrana uni GnneKonelicreun — Gonee nono spipa- 2eACTCA HEA MaTepMANLHOM CARN ABNEHHM M OObEKTOB? Hocae zxmremHott Gops6s! reopua GnusKogelicreua ofepxKana oKORYATeE- Hy! modexy. Pacckaxem KparKo, Kak 9TO TpomsouiI0, a TaKxe HANOMHUM, 4TO TaKoe oeKTpU4eCKoe rome. Hxeu @apagen. Pemmrexsusti noso- por K mpencrannenmio o GausKozelcrsux Osim cfemaH BenMKUM anrsuiicKkum yué- um Maiikaom @apageem, a oxox- uarTenbHo sanepmiéH anraulickum yaéHuim Ixeiimeom Maxcseaaom. To reupan qaupnugelicrsun onun gapag HemocpegcTReHHo uyserByer mpucyrerBHe mpyroro. pu nepememenun onnoro ua 2a- psqoB, HanpuMep A (puc. 14.8), ca, nei Desay na eee crsyiomaa Ha zpyroit sapay — B, mruonen- HO H3MeHaeT CBOé sHayeHHe. IIpu4éM HM Cc caMuM sapajom B, HM C OKpy2KalolMM ero mpomexogur. aa Comacho wage Dapanen anexrpnveckne sapriiei He ReficrayioT ‘Ha apy; eee Kaxkapiit ae a = DYNAM MPOCTPANETBE SEHD A B Tlone ogHoro sapaga jeiicrsyer Ha Apyroi sapsy, u . oe naoGopor. To Mepe yAauennn ur sapaaa nose ocsaGe- pis naer. Tleppowauanbxo ora uses BiIparkana sus yBe- pennocrs Mapares R TOM, UT qeiieTRMe ORHOrS Tena Puc. 14.8 Ha Apyroe Yepes UycTOTy HeBOSMOMHO. Aoxazarenscts cyuyecTsosaHa nona He Obind. Take foKasaTenLcTea v HeENbsA NOAyWTS, HCCREAYR Ail BsaNMOnElICTEMe HENODEMxHbX gapAgoE. Yonex K Te- opun Gauskogeiictaua npuwéen nocne usy¥eHHA SNeKTPOMArHMTHBIX BsaMMonelicTBMA ABK- OKYLUXCA 3APAKEHHDIX HACTHY. BHaYane 6biNO MOKA3aHO CYLLECTBOBAHKe NepeMeHHLIX BO BPeMeHH Monel M TONLKO Nocne BrOro Gein CAEMAH BLIBOR O PeANLHOCTA anekTPAYECKOrO Ronn licnoABHMKiLX sapAnoE Ckopoers pacnpocrpanenns oexrpomaraurHEix BaanMoxeiieTBMit. OcHoBEIBa- ‘ich Ha ugjerx Papayes, Maxcuenn cymem TeoperMueckM 7OKAgATS, YTO EE @NeKTPOMArHWVTHbIe BaaMMOReACTANA AONKHH cen mpoerpan= ‘TBE © KOHEYHON CKOpocTbIO. 9OTO osHayaeT. ¥TO ecNH cuerKa nepeaRMHyTE aapan A toe puc. 14.2), ra cua, gelicrsyiomaa na sapax B, WsMeHHTCH, HO He B TO 2%Ke MrHOBeHMNe, a UUIb crlyera HeKoropoe Bpemst:OCHOBbI SNEKTPOAUHAMMIKM BASE (14.6) rae AB — paccrosume Meskny sapazamm, a c — cKopocrh pacnpoctpaHenHst SICKTPOMALHNTHHIX ssaMMogelicTBMi, KoTOpaa paBHa cKopocTm enera D paryy- Me, v. e. mpumepxo 300 000 Km/c. Tipu mepememenun sapana A s1exTpHueckoe nome Boxpyr sapsa B wamenurca chycta Bpems t. SHauHT, Mexkqy sapszaMn B BaKyyMe Tponcxogur KaKoii-To Mporecc, B peaysIBTaTe KoTOporo BsaMMoelicTEMe Mey HHMM pacnpocrpansercs c KoHedHO! cKopocrsic. [paRqa, 9xciepumeHT m0 mposepKe pazencrsa (14.6) npu nepememeHum sapayon TpyAHO ocyulecTBuTE v3-sa GombIOTO sHaYeHMa cKOpocTH c. Ho B 9TOM ceiiyac, Nocae uscbpereHHs pagmo, net nymmnr, o1eKRTpoMarHHTHOe Tone OGuapymuBacT ceGa Kak HeUTO pe- abHO cymlecrayoniee. Celiac abi MOKeTe NpoyTaTs B raseTaX, YTO pamMOBONHE OT KOCMMYECKO!I cTaHuMn, npvGnwxaiowelica k BeHepe, noxonaT 0 Semin 3a Bpema Gonee YeM 4 MMH. CTaHuMA yoke MOXET CropeTb B ATMOCPEpE NaHeETEI, a HUCIAHHDIE GO PagnoBONH! ewé gonro 6yayT 6nykaaTb 8 NpocTpaHcTse. Yro TaKoe suerTpuyecKkoe none? Mut aHaem, uTO sueKTpuYeCKOe OMe cy- mecrsyer peamsHo: ero cpoiicrna MoxkHO HccseqoBATS onbITHEIM MyTéM. Ho MBI He MOXKEM CKasaTb, Us YerO 9TO Tose cocTouT. 3zech MEI AOXOAMM AO TpAHMIBI Toro, 4TO H3BeCTHO HayKe. Jlom cocront us Kupnuyeii, nT HW ApyrHx MaTepHasoR, KoTOpEie, B CROIO ovepeyb, cocroaT U3 MONeKYI, MomeKYsIbI — H3 ATOMOB, aTOMbI — M3 asIeMeH- vapHEIx uactumt. Bose 2e MpocTEIx OOpasoBanuii, YeM guIeMeHTApHBIe YaCTHUEL, MBI He aHacm. Tak 2e O6cTOHT Jeno mc aueKTpHYecKMM NOseM: HMYerO Gonee Mpoctoro, ueM Tome, MBI He sHaem. DuekrpusecKoe Mone — 970 ocoGoe cocToAHMe MaTepuu, KOTOpOe Heb3A O6- napyKUTS HaNMMM opraHamn uyscrs. Ero MoxHO OGHapyxUTb, JIHIb ToMeMas D mero omcKTpHIecKHe sapAsBI. Tipu way4enuu oeKTPHIecKOrO Toma MBI craTKMBaeMcA c OcobLIM BHZOM MaTepuM, ABU2KeHMe KOTOPO! He NoAUHHAeTCH saKOHAM Mexanuku Hpwrona. C OTKPLITHEM OeKTPHYECKOTO HoAA BIepBBIE 3a BCI HCTOpUIO HAYKM TOARMAACh riy6oKaa ues: poe ee ee waren Tio yelicrsmo wa sapax yerauasmmBaror daKr cymlecrsonanua moss, pactpe- aemeHve ero B MpocrpaneTse, usyAIOT Hce ero XapakTepucTHKH. En Onekrpuyeckoe none, cognate HeNOABHKHBIMM sapARAMY, HaSbIBAIOT SnextpocraTmecKnn, Oxo ne Menserca co BpeMeHeM. DueKrpocraruuecKoe tose cosqaéres TOAbKO peKTPHUeCKUMM sapasaMM. OHO cyIecTByeT B NpocrpaHerse, OKpy2KalonjeM OTH BaPsALl, H HepAsPHIBHO C HUM CBASAHO.2! OCHOBbI SNEKTPOAMHAMMKN FEES con none vawonneran co epeudiian, ro 7aNse nda! HeBsaor nepenen sto Mnurne cuviicrsa craryeckmx Mm nepeMeHHEIX nome copmagzaror. OxHaKo umewres Mevkay HUMH HM cymecTBeHHEIe pasmmuna. Tosops o cpoitcTsax roan, Mur 6yeM HASEIBATE 970 Toe MpocTo sTeKTpHIeCKIM, eon AaNtoc eDoieTDo B pasHolt Mepe mpucyme Kak craTHuecKHM, TAK M TepeMeHHSIM TOmaM. Mal c BaMu yxe BcTpevannce ¢ NoneM cunbi TAKECTH 4 NONeM Cun TArOTeHHA. Ha Teno, HaxOAAWWeeCA B NONE CunbI TAxKeCTM M OGNagaioWWee Maccol, BOnu3u No- BeDXHOCTH 3eM/IM NeCTayeT CMa TsKECTU AHANOTU4HO Tomy, Kak Ha aapan, Haxonauiica ® gneKTpocTaTMHecKOM none, AelicTayer cuna Kynowa. Ha cnytHuk, OOpauiaiouniica Ha opOure BoKDyr Semnu, AeMicTByeT Cina TATOTEHMA, T. €. MOXHO CKa3aTb, YTO OH HaxOnMTCA 9 none TarovennA, lone. Snextpuyeckoe none DB xem coctour ormae reopnn Gruoxoneliersun or teopunt xeiersnn wa pac- cToxHMH? Kakossi ocnosnpie cnolicrsa anexrpocraruueckoro noms? GF Kaxyio teopwio nonrseprnaeT cymectoanue oxeKrpHieckoro moa? \ Cxopocts pacnpocrparenus oxekTpoMarHuTHLix BsamMogelicrsitit 1) Beeraa passa cKopocra crera 2) onpegensercs ToLKo npH yenopms, 470 oapaaL ueHORDHNEL 3) pasHa ckopocra creta B Bakyyme 4) sanneur or aHaxos aapagon Onextpuueckoe nome MoxKHO O6HApy>XHTE 1) ecam ono He uaMeHmeTen Bo BpeMenu 2) ecam ono MaMenaeTCA BO BpeMeHH 3) nomemjast » nannyio TouKy sapag 4) ecam sapan nBn2KeTes Tip nepememexun ogHoro ua sapaqos 1) yMenpmaetca aneKTpMyecKoe Hoxe Apyroro sapaga 2) ero axeKTpHYeckoe Mose nocTeneHHo ocmaGenaeT 3) usMensetca cua Baaumogelicraua sapazoB 4) yaenuunpaetes anekTpyueckoe none Apyrore zapanaHAMPSDKEHHOCTb SJIEKTPUYECKOrO NOsIA. CUNIOBBIE JIMHUM ro sanaerca nlocpenHHKoM, ocyWecTaNRIOWMM saMMonelicTane sapAnoB? Kak onpesennts, Kakoe U3 MBYx monei Gonee cunbHoe? MpennoxuTe nytH cpas- Henna noneli. Hanpaxénnocts saertpwueckoro mons. Dxexrpuueckoe mone o6HapysKuBaer- en m0 cunam, geiicreyionmam Ha sapsg. Moxuo yrrepxjlaTh, WTO MBI AHAeM O qoze Bcé, ¥TO HAM HY2KHO, ecum GyfeM aHaTb custy, AelicrByronyy1o Ha 11060! apa B ju0Go% TouKe noma. TloaTomy Haqo BBeCTH TaKy1o XapakrepucTuKy nossa, sHanMe KoTopoii NosBOTHT onpexemuTS oTy cHTy. Eenu noouepéqHo ToMemaTh B OHy M TY 2Ke TOUKy Towa HeGonbMMe sa- PAKEHHEIE Tea H USMEpATH cHsLL, TO UGHapyaxnren, 4TO CHA, melicTByIOMAR Ha gaps co CTOpOHEt mos, npxMo mporopyMoHanbHa sToMy aapsay. Jeliersu- TeNnBHO, TycTs none cosqaérea ToOVeMAHIM sapsyom g,. Cormaco sakony Kynona (14.2) wa roweunstit sapag g gelicryeT cusa, ponopuMonatsHas sapagy g. Io- asTOMY OTHOMeHHe CHS, AelicTByiomeit Ha HOMemaembIit B AAHHY!O TOUKY noNH Sapa, K sTOMY SApAy AH KaxKpoi TOUKM TOMA He SABHeMT OT 3apATA H MomeT paccMarpuRAThcA Kak XapakTepucTuKa Toss. FETED omowenne cnn, nevcreyowel wa nowewaenii 8 naniyo ToAKy non TO- SeuHbi 3aDAR. K STOMY SADAMY, HASBIBACTCA HANPAMBHHOCTHIO BNeKTPHYECKOrO NonA. Tlogo6uo cune, nanpsxKéutiocrs noma — 6exmopnan eeauruna; eb oGosHada- wor OyKBowt Er 1 E alt (14.7) Orewa cua, gelicrsyiomasx Ha apa q co CTOpOHBI axeKTpHYecKOrO NOM, papa: F=qE. (14.8) Hanpaznenme sexropa E cosnajaer c Hanpanszenuem cust, gelicrsyionjeit na nonoxuTensHBIt gaps, M MpoTHBONOOXKHO HaMpasenmo cunbl, Aelicrsyiomeit wa orpanarenbustit sapay. Equuvna wanpsxéunocra » CH — H/Ka. Cunossre sum 9ueKTpH4ecKoro -. noms. Anexrpuueckoe more ue nei A crsyer Ha opranst syscrs. Ero MBI \ \ ey ya feo tte d i » t ue BUAUM. OfHaKO MBI MOoKeM T10- t YTS HekoTOpoe MpercTaBseHHe O 4 eM BeKTOpbl HANpAKéNNOCTH TOA t t B HECKONDKNX TOUKAX MpocTpaHcTza (puc. 14.9, a). Kapruna 6yner Gomee a) 6) uarusiquoil, ecm HapHcoBaTs Hempe- pBIBHBIC HHH.ry Basie) OCHOBbI SNEKTPOAMHAMNKI Puc. 14.10 re c. 14.1 Puc, 14.12 | Sanomnn} Alun, KacaTenbHas B KaKNOI TOKE KOTOPLIX COBNaqaeT C BeKTOPOM Ha- APAKEHHOCTH SNEKTPHNECKOFO NOAA, HaSbIBaIO! CHIGSIMM JIMHMAMM MI SIMHMSMM Ha: NpsKEHHOCTH Mons (Puc. 14.9, 6). Hanpasnenwe cusosnx amnnit mnoszosier onpeyemrh HampanieHie BekTopa HanpsxéHHo- YM B pasMMUHEIX TOUKAX MONA, a rycroTa (yHeT0 smaui wa exMHny mromanM) cutoRBIX aMnuit ToKasuiBaer, Tye HanpsxéHHOCTS Tora Compute. Tax, wa pucyxxax 14.10—14.13 rycrora cu- KoBpIxX JMHMit B TOUKax A Gomme, Wem B TOU- xax B, Ovesnguo, ut0 Ey > By. He cnenyer ayMat, 4TO AMM HanpexEHHOCTH CyU\eCTAyIOT B AeiICTBMTeNLHOCTH SPORE PACTAHYTEIX ynpyrux HMTe MAM WHypOB, KAK Npennonaran cam Mapaneit. JivHuw HanpAxHHocTH NOMOraIoT NMWL HarnAGHO NpeACTABHTS pacnpenenenne non B Npoctpaxcrae. OWN He Gonee peanibi, ¥eM MepngnaHel 4 napanienu Ha 3eMHOM wape. Cnzonbie 1HHMM MoxHO crenaTE BHAMMEIMH. Ecam npogonronarsie Kpucran- 4K HsonATOpA (HAIpUMep, XHHHHA) XOPOIO epememarh B RABKOI %uAKOCTH (uanpumep, 8 KacToposoM mace) m MoMecTUTH TYNAa sapsKeHHBIe Tesla, TO BOI 3M OTUX Te KPHCTANAMKH BBICTPOATeH B NEMOUKM BAO AMHMI HaNpAKéHMOCTH. Ha pucyHkax npunexenst UpuMeps! JuMuii HanpaxKéMHOCTH: oNORMTETK- Ho sapsi2KenHoro mapuxa (cM. puc. 14.10), aByx pasHouméuH sapmKeHHEIX uapuxos (em. pwc. 14.11), aByx ognouménHo sapaxKeHHEIx mapuKos (eM. puc. 14.12), ABYX MNacTHH, 3apAAbI KOTOPEIX PaBHBI 10 MOAyTO uM TpoTHRO- nonoxHsI no 3HaKy (cM. puc. 14.13). Hocaequmii mpumep ocobexHo Baxen. Ha pneynec 14.18 puguo, 410 5 a Haseptue cwnospie mnnun anex-\\ MPOCTpAHcTRe Mexay Muactunamu SBI} tpmocrore none Socxonenos pao. | CHAORLIE JTHHHM B OCHOBHOM mapa. HOMepHO SapAXeHHOl mviockoct, | J@IbHLI MU HaxoAATCA Ha DaBHBIX Mpepnonoxwre, 470 noTHocTs nonoxw- | PaccTOAHMAX Apyr oT Apyra: aneK- TenbHoro sapana nfiockoctm pasHa nnoT- | TpHuecKoe Mose anech OAMHAKOBO BO HocTH 3apana macy Ha pucynke 14.13. Beex TOUKAX.& OCHOBbI SMEKTPOAMHAMMKM BAG end Hapoeea? neo names Heari ee opera paueriod ee Bcex TouKay, B orpanuuenvoii o6aaera mpoerpan- cra omeRTpHYECKOe TlosIe MORHO CHH- TAT MpHOTMDKEHHO OLHOPOHBIM, ECs HaMpaXEHHOCTE MOH BAYTPH aTOt O0- wacTH Mensercs HesHAuHTeEHO. CMNOBLIMM MHMAMA? 1. Yro nastinaeres HaNps:KéHHOCTBIO aseKTpHYEcKOrO TOA? 2. Yro wasbIRalOT CHAORKIMM JIMHMAMM STeKTpHYeCKOrO Hosa? @ ® Moryr am cumopsie nunuu mepecexarses? Al. Hampassenne Bextopa HallpaxKénnocTM axeKTpHyecKoro TOA CoBaqaeT C Ha- npasrenuem cut, Aelicrayiomel ua 1) nesapaxennsti Merammueckui map, HoMeméuneti 8 aeKrpiecKoe none 2) orpuuareasusii mpoOuntit sapag, nomeméunutit 5 onexrpueckoe none 3) MOAOKMTeADHLIM MPOOHEIM aapAt, NOMEIIEHHBIM B sieKTpu4eCKVE LUE 4) orsera Her, TaK Kak HaNpaxXéHHOCTS no. — cKanApHAR BeHMMHA A. Crum, aetorsywugos s uve ae sapns 0,00002 Ix, panna 4 1. Hanpsonémnoert Tons B oTo# ToUKe paBHa 1) 200 000 H/Kx 2) 0,00008 B/m 3) 0,0008 H/Ka 4) 5° 10° Ka/H AS, Canonaa 1uHMaA aneKTpH4ecKoro TOnA — 9TO. 1) amma, pom Kotopoli B nose GyzeT ABUraTEca HONOMMTeTDHBI saps 2) ammua, Baomb KoTOpol B None SyxeT ABUTATECH OTPUNATeTbHBI sapay 8) cueramancn mmm m nosqyxe, KoTopas BHAHA MpM Gompmoii Hanpaxéunocra rons 4) amas, 8 Kaxgoi Touxe Koropoii nanpsxéunocTe mom HanpasseHa no Kaca- TesBHOit A‘. Ha kakoM pucyHKe mpasuzbHo nooGpaxkena Kapruna amnuit Hanps>KéunocTH dNeKTPOCTATHYECKOTO TOMA TO¥eHHOO TOTOAHTETbHONO sapaya? yi 2) 3)3 44 1) 2) 3) 4) CO} (© Tlovemy nvHni, va06paxaiouyne anekTpMyeckoe none, HasbiBAloTCA JIMA SABKTPMYECKOFO [ONS HE SAMKHYTEL, OHM HaMMHalOTCA Ha p © _ eaosaes to a Orpen ote ‘Cunoebie num HenpepLiE- 1e Sete Che apne FeTa MS aren OOAVHAMMKU NONE TOYEYHOFO 3APAZA M SAPSYKEHHOFO LUAPA. NPMHUMN CYNEPNOSMUMM NONEA To nokaabigaior cunoabie munun? Ana vero onn wenonsayloToa? Hanpwxéuuucts moa TovewHoro sapsya. Haiixém HanpsxeHHOCTS omexrpu- MeCKOrO MOMs, coszaBAeMOTO TOYeHHEIM sapagOM go. Ilo sakony KysoHa ator ga- pax Gyner qeiiersonaT, ua nonomuTentuLii capax q © cxT0% gol re” F=k Moayay nanpaxKénnocrn mons TovewHoro sapaga qo Ha paccromHuu r or Hero panen: s pace q Bextop Hanpaxéxnocru 8 mo6oii TouKe anexrpiue- ckoro no.# Hanpasnen Baon npaMoi, coeqMHaOMel ary TouKy m sapag (puc. 14.14), u connagaer c cunoii, Aelicrayionjei Ha ToueuHBIi NoMOKMTeMBHBI sapA, 10- menénnntit » ganmyt Toy. Cusionpie wnKMM averrpn- ‘ecKoro Tox TO¥eNHOTO sapAAAa, KAK cHeAyeT Us co06- paxkeHuit CHMMeTDMM. HalpaBieHsI BION, pamMANbHHIX auuuit (puc. 14.15, a). eB Tlone sapaxennoro mapa. Paccmorpum Tenepp Bompoc 06 aneKrpH- (9) ueckom nose sapaxennoro nposogsmero mapa pamuycom #. Sapan q PaBHOMepHo pacnpeseséH 10 noBepxHocT# mapa. CHTOBEIe HHH aneKrpuyecKo- TO Toma, TaK2xKe U3 coobpaxeHuit CHMMETPHH, HAMPABNeHEI BAOTb UpOAOMKEHit paguycos rapa (pue. 14.15, 6). Pacnpeeneuue B npoctpancTse CHOBEIX NMHMii asleKTpHYecKOTO Toma WApA © sapsqom q Ha pacctomuuax r > R or nexTpa mapa avasoruuHo pacnperene- 4M10 CHNOBEIX mHHMit TOA To¥eUHOrO sapaja q (cM. pyc. 14.15, a). Caeqona- YeubHL, Ha paccronuuM r > A OT WeHTpa Wapa HANpAKEHHOCTh MOA oMpesessA- eres Toi 2Ke hopmyzoit (14.9), sto H Hanps>xéHHOCTH MONA TOMeMHOTO gapAya, Tomeménnoro R menTpe cdeput: (14.9) by NH 3 ‘A ° q>0 (14.10) E \ 7 nF <—RSK ht Se oyB arom mst cKopo y6enumes. Ha pucyaxe 14.15, 6 noxasata sanucumocts HAMpAXsHHOCTH STEKTPHYECKOTO NOMA BAPA-KEHHOTO UPOBOMMeTO Mapa oT pac- cTOsHMsA 20 ero neHTpa. Tipuauun cynepnosmym none. Boom na reno geiictpycr ucckonuito enn, 70 COrmacHo saKOHAM MeXaHHKH peaysbTUpyioMlad CHa paBHa reoMerpiyecKoit cyMMe arHx cut: Seay 1k F=F+R+... Ha oxerrpuueckue sapamst aelicrayior CMI CO cTOpoHEI 9ueKTpuuecKoro noaa. Eeau npa Hanomenuu noneit o7 HeCKONBKMX sapaqos OTH TOA He OKa- abinalor HMKaKOTO BAMAHMA "pyr Ha Apyra, TO pesyMTMpyioulad cua co CTO pOHBI Beex nomeit JomKHA OLITh paBHA TeoMeTpHYecKoll cymMe cu co cTopoHD Kaxgoro Toss. Onur WoKagEIBaeT, UTO MMeHHO TAK M NPOMCXOAMT Ha caMoM mene. 970 comavacr, 470 naNpAMKénHOCTH TONel cKIAAHIRAIOTeS reoMerpuueCKH. B 9ToM coctouT mpunyun cynepnosuyuu no.rell. Ec 8 faHHolt TouKe NPOCTpaHcTaa pasnvi4Hble SapAKEHHEIe \liliiullbsAlldinaalnn main MacTMubl COsfAIOT SneKTPHYECKHE rons, HanpaXBHHOCTH KOTOPLIX E;, Ey, By wT. A. TO PesyNbTHPYIOUIAA HANPAKEHHOCTE NONE B STOR TONKE Pau LyMME HanpAxBHHOCTEM STHx noneii: Bey ta E=E,+E,+E,+... (14.11) HanpaxéHHocts nons, cosmaBaeMoro OTMeNbHBIM SapsqoM, OnpeAenneTcA Tak, kak GyZTO Qpyrux sapAgoB, cosAatouwx none, He CyWeECTByeT. Cornacho npuHunny cynepnosnnun nose ana Ha- XOmAeHuUs HaTpsxXEHHOCTH Noss CHCTEMBI SaDALKEHHEIX vactay B mo6oi% ToUKe AOCTATOUHO sHATS BEIPAKeHHe (14.9) ans nanpsxénnocru mona To¥euHoro sapaza. Tint onpexenenua HanpapreHua BeKTOpoB HanpsaKéu- Hocreii noseli OTAeIbHEIX 3apAqOB MBICIeEHHO ToMe- iaem 8 BEIOpAHHY!0 TOUKY Tlono«KMTeNbHEI sapA. Ha pucyuxe 14.16 noxasano, Kak oupegensercs Ha- npsxéHHocTs ona EB TouKe A, coaqaHHoro ABYMs Puc. 14.16 TOWCUHBIMH BapAAAMH G, H gp 5p a ‘ ||Hanpaxésnocre. Cunostie aunuu. Mpvnyun: oynepnionai noneli 7 Haar, > wile ADS a 1. Yemy passa Hanpaxénnocrs moan sapsxennoro mpowoysmero mapa? D2 Sony pana manpaatmsoers roan Toesory apna? @ 5. Kak nanpapnena nanpaxxénnocts noms sapana qo, ect qq > 0? ecaH qo < 0? 4. Kak @opmvampyeres mpManun eynepnosunun noztelt?OCHOBbI SIIEKTPOAMHAMUK NIPMMEPbI PEWEHUYA 3ADAY NO TEME «HANPSXKEHHOCTb S/IEKTPUYECKOrO Nona. NPVHUMN CYNEPNOSMUMM NONE» Tipu pewenuu sazay c HcHonbsonAHMeM NOHATHA HanpaxéHHOcTH sneKTpH- MeCKOTO NIM HyHU LIpEAYE BECO BHATH CPOPMyTE (14.8) H (14.9), ompere- Asomme cuty, gelicrayiomyio na sapay co cTopousI omeKTpHYecKOrO TOMA, H HaTpsKéHHOCTK Toms ToueuHoro vapaga. Eenu none cosqaérea HecKOTEEUMH 28- PAZAMM, TO 11 pacuéra HanpaAREéHHOCTH B AAHHOM TOUKe Haq CeTATS PUCyHOK M gaTeM ONPeAeTHTD HaNpAXéHHOCTR KAK reoMeTpMuecKyI0 cyMMY HaIIpsUKéH- Hocteii noxeii. Sasave |. [ipa og_unakospix TOnOmMMTeEIBELIX TOUCUHEIX sapxaga paciooKe- HbI Ha paccroaHMM r apyr or Apyra B Bakyyme. Onpeseaure xanpaxénnocrs ANeKTPHUeCKOTO Toms B TOUKe, pacnomoKeHHOi Ha ORMHAKOROM paccrosHun r or sTHx sapaqoB. Peurenue. Coraacno npunnuny cynepnosmuuu noneit uckoman manpaxén- Hocts E paswa reomerpuveckoit cymMe HanpsoKéunocreit nozeit, cosqaHHsrx kaxtgnIM u9 gapsyor (pyc. 14,17): E — EB, + Ey. Moayam nanpsxénnocreii none sapazon pannst: ies ps By = By = AE J[maronans napasexorpamma, nocrpoennoro Ha nexropax E, H,, ecrs uanpaxxéwaocrs pesyaurn- pyromero mons, Monyms KoTopolt paren: VB _ a8 bE = E = 2E,c0s30° = 2 Sasave 2, TIposoasmasa ccbepa pamuycom R 0.2 M. Hecymad saps q-1,8+ 104 Ka, naxogurea saxyyme. Onpegenute: 1) Mogys HampaxéHHo- cru E onexrpwyeckoro noms Ha eé nonepxnoctu; 2) Moqyab HanpaxéHuocru Ey SNEKTPUYECKOTO TONE B TOUKe, OTCTOAMeH HA pacctosuun r, = 10 M oT TeHTpa cept; 3) mogyas nanparxénnocra Ey 8 yenrpe chepsi. Pemenwe. Srexrpuseckoe none sapaennoit ccepst Bue cé copmagaer c noem Toweunoro sapaga. Toaromy E = k-4. CaenonaterbHo, e Tw = 1) B=k Gb ~ 4-10 Hy 2) B, = bE = 16-109 H/o ? 3) HANpPMKEHHOCTE MONA B TOO! TOUKe BHYTPH UpoBoAAUe ceps! pana nym: Ey = 0.OCHOBbI SNEKTPOAMHAMIKIA Sauaua 5. B omHOpomHoe aneKTpHUeCKoe Tone HATIDS;GHHO- crpio Ey = 3 KH/Kn precmm rouewnsitt aapan g — 4° 10! Ka. Onpegeaure uanpsaxKéHHocTs axekTpHecKoro Homa B ToUKe A, Haxogsmteiica Ha paccroaHMM 7 = 3 cM OT TOYeUHOTO sapAza. Orpesox, coequasiommii sapag m TouKy A, nepmeHzuKysaper CHOBLIM aMMHAM opHOpomHore oneKTpHICCKOFO MOMs. Pemenue. Corsacno npunuuny cynepnosunun Hanps- 2¢HHOCTh oNeKTpuueCKOrO HOA B TOUXe A paBHa BeKTOpHOH cymMe Hanpaxénnocrelt omMopomHoro mosis Ey m toma Ey, cos qauHoro B ao ToUKe RNecéHAEIM sreKTpuueckuM sapagom. Ha pucynKe 14.18 Tokasanst oT gBa BeKTopa u Hx cymMa. Ilo yenosuio sagaun Bexropst Ey 1 _ B3AMMHO NepreHAUKyAApHBI. Hanps2KéHHOCTS Hosa ToIeTHOTO sapsga Ey = ag Torna HanpaxéHHOCTh SueKTpHuecKOrO HOA B TOUKe A panna: E= JER + (ay = 5xH/Ka. s Sajave 4, B kepumuax pasnocropousero TpeyroxsHmKa co cropoxgit a = 3 cm Maxopsves tpu TOUeUHEIX sapaza g; = 9, — 10° Kn, gg = —2- 10° Kx. Onpe- Hemme HanpaxKEHHOCTh aeKTPHIECKOTO HOTA B eHTpe TpeyronbHMKa B TOUKe O. Penrenme. Cornacno mpummuny cyreproon- 1m Toned HanpsxéHHOCT Tonk B TOUKe O paB- Ha BeKTopHoit cyMMe Hanps%xéuHocreli momelt, COsfaHHMIX KAK/SIM BAapATOM B OTAENbHOCTH: 73 Rook 4's oo ae. Bye laal a a By eg 2eos30° (8? Ha pueynxe 14.19 nokasanst BeKTOps Hamps- wkéHHoctTett Ej, Ep, £3. Gravana cooxum Bexro- put E, « By. Kak suguo us pucyska, yrom mexpzy vramm sewropamn pase 120°. Cueqosarensro, Mogy1b cyMMapHoro Bexropa pasen mogym0 |E;| « Puc. 14,19 Hanpapnen B TY 2Ke cTopony, uTo u BeKTOp Ey. 1 Ey = =p 4 op =3p4 Ag. 494 Oxonuarempuo samumem: Eo = E, + Hy = ky + 2h5 = Bk = 9h =9 + 104 H/Ka, lqs| = 2q,- nh qa Sayaun 5. Pacctommme Mexzy AByMa wenoxBHAHBINN sapanamH g, = ~2 X x 10° Kun gy — 10° It panno 1 m, DB xano% Touxe manpaménnocrs osextpH uecKoro nosis pana Hy:10? Pemenue. OvesnqHo, uro Ha oTpeske Ey Ey By Mexqy sapagamu Hanpaménnocts He mower Q—3=—-——Q———* Sure pakHa Hy, TAR HAK Hanpaxéunoers — V1 Er a « A noxeit E, E, coaqannex aTumn sapszamu, Hanpapsensi B OAHy cropoHy (puc. 14.20). Puc. 14.20