+ To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India to defend the country and render alled upon to do 50. + lo. promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory ‘0 y of women, ind preserve the rich heritage of our composite wove the natural environment and to have + inchiding forest, lakes, rivers and wild compassion for living creatures. + Two de ntfic temper, humanism and the spirit of reform. + Two safeguard public property and to abjure violence, cellence in all spheres of individual vity so that the nation constantly rises \d achievement + ‘Ty strive towards and collective tw higher levels of endeavour ‘The Béth Amendment Act, 2002 inserted Article ach parent or guardian’ to provide oppor ecation to his child or ward between the age of 6 and 1 years.” Part V Union (Articles 51-151) The President Executive head of the state and the first citizen of India + The 42nd Amendment of the Constitution has made it obligatory on the part of the President to accept the advice of the Council of Ministers, However, 44th ‘Amendment Act amended the word ‘obligatory’ and ‘added that ‘President can send the advice for reconsideration’ + Qualifications Must be a citizen of India; of 35 years in age; eligible to be a member of the Lok Sabha and musi not hold any government post, + Election Indirectly elected through Electoral College consisting of elected members of both the Houses of the Parliament and elected members of the Legislative Assemblies ofthe states. Tenure ‘The term is ive years though there is no upper limit on the number of times a person can become the President (Article 57). He can give resignation to the Vice-President before the full-term. * The salary of the President is & 150000 per month. * In case, the office of the President falls vacant due to death, resignation or removal, the Vice-President acts as the President, Ihe is not available, then Chief Justice of General Awareness India, if not then the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court shall act as the President of Indi. Powers He is the formal head of the administration. + The President shall have the power 1 appoint and Temove high authorities like, the Prime Minister, other Mimiters of the Union, Judges, Governors of State, spins Chiefs of Army, Navy and. Air Force He the Supreme Commander ofthe Armed Forces + He appoints 12 members of special repute in the Rajya Sereeand 2 members in the Lok Sabha, of the Jo Indian Comamunaty + Under Article 72, he President has the power to grant rudons, reprieves, respites or remission of punishment, pio suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted with death sentence. 7 + Under Article 123,the President can promulgate ordinances only when the Parliament is notin seston ‘Types of Veto + “Absolute Veto Withholding the assent to the bill + Qualified Veto Can be overridden by the Legislature with a higher majority + Suspensive Veto Can be overridden by the Legislature with an ordinary majority + Pocket Veto Delay in giving assent to the bill + The Veto Power has been exercised only twice |) by Dr Rajendra Prasad in PEPSU Bill Case (Suspensive Veto) and (b) by Giani Zail Singh in Post Office (Amendment) Bill in 1986 (Pocket Veto). Emergency Powers “To declare National Emergency. + To impose President Rule in a state, + To declare Financial Emergency. The Vice-President * Article 63 of the Constitution stipulates a Vie for India. He is elected by both the Parliament. * The Vice-President is the Ex-officio Council of States (Rajya Sabha) 3s Article 64 + Present salary of the Vice-President is month. + The first Vice-President of Dr$ Radhakrishnan and the 12th India is Dr Mohammad Hamid Ansari.