A.B. MAXJIAIOK CASTRENSIS IURISDICTIO HM TIPABOBOM CTATYC BOMHOB B PAMCKOM TPAXKJIAHCKOM IIPOLWECCE* B crarse pacewarpuaaiores npoueccyassusie upHeNl, Xapaxrepuble 78 puwexoro rpaxkxasiexovo npaa, acasuuiecn upusiuterui woenssix, Anais upa- BOBLIX HCTONHHKOS IOSBONACT YTREPALLATS, TO 1OPHLAUECKHI CTATYe PHIMEKIIX comar OTAMHasCA HaRECTHOH jRolicrReMHOCTRIO. C OnKOH CTOPOH, CoxLLEraNe pegOcTaRALINch cymlecTReIIKIe HpeHMyInecTsa H pHRILIErHN, GyesIORENIME creumpusecknn HyskaaNeH TpeGoBaHHAMH BocHHOH aMCIUMNAAND! H CayKGKE npospecenionasiioti aps, C xpyrolieToponsi, xerHowepss (1 npeTopsants) PACCMATPHBAINCe KaK PHMCKHe 1pAXaHe, NOH HNARIIECH OOUTHM FOPHNMECKIN upmuaa, Opunsariso npusitaransi simplicitas militum, ynpoutets nopatox eyeSHoro paccMorpeHilt e1, KACABLINXeA comLtat, ¢ NpHMeHeHIEM pasiitSEX opujuiseckixx YOROK, HECOMIeHHO MOBIHRI Ha ROCTPHETHE apMeticKOrO H Co-- {RaTckoro npasouoro craryca rpaxctaticku OGulecTBOM u cocoGcTEOBaT opie oxauo creuupusecKoro oGpasa castrensis iurisdictio w ToM siLe, ¥ KAKOM OH ‘pesieTannex » irreparypHIX HeTOHHMTKAX, Knoveeste cosa: pinickoe rpastattcxoe mpaso, pumcxwe coxzers,simplicitas ‘ilitum, castrensis iurisdietio B OXusneonneamm Onna Arpuxossoy Tani, we:1aH HONTEPKETYT, 0 0- (CTOHCTBa eo TECTA He OIpAHHIMBAUINICe TOKO BOEHHKIM HOUPHINEM, YKASKIES- 7, 570, Cran HaMeCTHMKON MpoBHTUHH AKBHTAIHN, OM OTMHNO CHpARIAICA Ht e rpaxkaarteKinMu THKGAMM — BoTIpeKH pactIPOCTparreniOMy MUCHO, CortacHo KoTOpOMy «GonbUMHHCTEO BOeHHBIX sONeH: HecTOCOGHO pasGHPaTKeR B TOHKO- (TAX CYOMPOHSHONCTEA, TAK KAK HHHKMOE B slarepsX MpaBocyaMe ormHUACTCR npocroroii m pemmTensiocrsio H MHOroe pyOHT € uteNa, OGXocE Ges OTOH nocTi n xitpoywns ¢popyMay’ (nep. A.C. BoGomsa). B xaniow naccaxe Tait cTeAYeT NOBOTBHO pacmpocrpaxeHHOMY ToOcY, TosTYepKHBALOMEMY HEHCKY- menHocrs HacToamux viri militares cymeOHBIX nenaX BOOSME H & cymeOHOM Kpacnopewii 8 YacTHocTH, Hampumep, Axosiant Mapresimttt 8 nostoGH0M Iyxe * PaGora uossiepakatia rpantom (cortauseune or 27 asryers 2013 1 Ne 02.B.49,21.0003, meauty MOH Po HHTY), Tac, Agr. 9.2: Credunt plerique militaribus ingeniis subtiitatem deesse, quia castrensis io secura et obtusior ac plura manu agens calliditatem fori non exerceat.Maxsaox A, B, Castrensis iurisdictio H npasoxoli crarye Bomion 105 xapaxrepisyer Ypsnigina, Marverpa KOHN Ha oCTOKE: «On Gui BO ‘NemOBEKOM, RETA CATYARUAMINM OTEMECTRY KaK HOM H XOPOMIHH ROeHANATRHHK, Ho Gpur AaneK OT cyeGHBIX THKG)'. MOKHO TAKKKE YKASATE OTSBIB ONHOTO HS nepconaoxeli Tura JInsua 0 KaHIuANATaX B KOHCYSI 295 F. 10 H.9., XOTA 3eCm CuK HET m Hepayto ONEpEte O IOMIITHNCCKOM KPACHOPEAE: «... O68 PORCH 701K paTHOTO esa, A R CTORCETTMIX COCTASAIMAX H YXHIIPEHHAX He HCKYeITAKED?? (nep. H.B, Bparnuckoii). Knmirraman, paceyuiax 0 BiuIax KpacHopesHa mpH- MeHUTETSHO K JHOLAM pasibIX Npopeccuit H Crarycos, MOAYEPKUBA:L, HO s10- AM BOCHHBIM Bonnie HosxoaHT MpOCTOH Crit (Inst. or. XI. 1. 32: simpliciora militares decent). IIpit 9Tom, 110 wateHMio puMexoro prrTopa, ecm B cyseGuEIx [esaXx sarpariRa‘oreR BON, TOROPHTS O HX HasLTEKHT € HerpeMeHHBIM ye TOM HX MpoeccHoHATBHKN HHTEpECOR H MeHHOCTHBIX opneHTantnit: «Ecmit Tat HASOBCLUS BOMHOS AANHKIMH, MPHOABL, WTO HET HHMETO YANBHTENSHOTO, CCL ‘On cuMrTaioT MlepeHHocHMEste HMHE ONACHOCTH Ht MPoMABAeMyto KPOBR jOCTOMtIKI= Mi Gospiniero nositarpaxkeHn; HasbIRag MX sep3KHMF, H2xtO NOMIATH, 570 Om Goree npnasikan x Boilie, HeKeTH K MUpY>" B mpusenewusix maccaxax, OTHOCaMIMXCH K pasHISIM BpeMeHAM PUNICKOI McTOpHUE, BIONHE OTETANBO SBy4NT MBICHK OF OCOGOM XapaKTepe cysoUpOHS- nojicTRa W apwtickoit epee man © y'saCTHeM RoetIOGAy RANK, KOTOPOE ABITO Mpotusonocrasaserex Toi NpAKTHKe, YTO HMETA MECTO cpem rPAKUANCKHX anu, Zo KaKOii cremeHi NPOCTOTS! H PEWIHTEAIBHOCTH NOAYAC OXONWIO TAKE «rarepHoe mpasocynuer, MOXer cunLAereMcrBonaTe paccnas ona Kaccus 06 on1oM omtsoe RO RpeMs napdsticKoro Hioxona KapakasitH!, B HsmecTHOM emniene noxTaepanaromnii mpunommMyro TartrToM onleHKy apMelicKoro CTH cyonponssoncTsa, Cornacko 3TOMy pacckasy, «AIBA ROMA, NOGBIB MEX ¢ BHEHOM, mpeserann nepex uMmtepaTopoM H KAKI HS HX YrRepAKAWH, 4TO 97a OGK- 4a MpHAsLIOKHT TOmBKO EMY; SATEM, Tlony‘HE OT AHTOHHA MpHKas ToNeMETS BIO MOpORKY, ON OOHAKUAM MesH H PaCceKMH Mex TloMOTaM, PaccsHTHIAs, ‘NTO K@ARBIi MOTYHHT CBOIO MOTOBHHY BMECTE C BHHOM. KaKOBO Xe GsLTO HX Towrenme K HMmepaTopy, €cs1H OMH GeCTIOKOIIH ero MO TAKHM MYCTAKAM, Hf Ka- KUM Ke YMOM OHH O6:Ta/LAH, CCH sIHMITACE [onHORPEMEHHO] H MExa, 1 BHAA! (Dio Cass. LXXVIIL. 1. 3-4. Tlep. K.B. Mapxona). 33teck ste Toxmxo mamepatop, K KoTOPOMY JInoH, KaK HSRECTHO, OTHOCHACA Ges KaKOHt Gt TO MH GBLTO CHM MATHM, BKICTABTEH B MIYNIOM BHLLE, MOCKOMBKY BIATICA B OGMIEM-TO He 32 CBOE eNO’, Ho Mperke BETO CONLAATE! TOKASAHBI KAK COBEPUICHHO JKHE COSAHHA XIV. 9. 1: Ursinus... bellicosus sane milesque ot militum ductor, sed forensibus igs longe discretus, » Liv, X. 22. 6: esse practerea viros natos militia, facts magnos, ad verborum linguaeque ccertamine rudes, » Quint. Inst. or. XI. 1. 88: si cupidos milites dicas, sed non mirum, quod periculorum ac sanguinis maiora sibi deberi praemia putent; cosdem petulantes, sed hoe fieri, quod bellis magis quam paci consuerint, * Cx, nanpuiwep: (Davenport, 2012] 5 Hianecrio, #10 NoxOGKKe THKOH! H JMCIUNUIMHAPHBIE NPOCTYTKH 1ossHHEHRK enocpesieTHEHHO pasOupasia KOMAHUEPHI paSHIAIX PAHTOR i HOEHANALIAHMKH m NpesteTax ‘ceoeii KoMmeTentgiy, Da oGmaMIOcTE, cpestH POX, ROsTATAAACK Ta BOTITAX TPHOYTOR, -oropite omits Giant adelicta secundum suae auctoritatis modum eastigare... querellas, ‘commilitonum audire» (D. 49. 16. 12.2). Cp. Polyb. VI. 37. 8106 Jeepunit PHM (raxoii natin na nomnon nooGute xapaktepen ;c14 9Toro anropa [de Blois, 1997, S. 2660-2675]) ‘StH Macca, ontaKo, He COOTMAIOT HHKAKHX KOHKPeTHNX mpotteccyas>- Ho-Ipawonsix OCOBEHHOCTEH paACCMOTPEHHs je KOMAHLTYIOMIUM BO BBEPEHHEIX eMy YACTAX, HO MepenaiOT sHuIm TO OGuIee BMeATMEHME, KaKOe O «IarepHOM, IMpanocynmi> MOTO CYIICCTHORAT ¥ GIITATCKHNO MpAROResTOR, OPOsIEKHX as BOKATOS, HOAHATOPESULUX 8 THAKGAX, H MpOCTHIX OGKIBATENE!, Camo COBO! pas- yMeeres, 870 R TaKOH arTopHTapHoil H MepapxHvrecKoil CrpykType, KaKoii Gaia lsneparopexaa apsux, ociowantiay Ha Gecupexocsostioli nnacTH KosaHAyIO~ Ilero, BeKOBBIX TPAANHAX Ht MPHELHTAX PHMCKOIE RONHCKOH AHCHHTITHHEI CO CEM Ce HICOSIOTHYECKHMH HMILTIKALWAMIE 1 OTpAGOTAHHBIME IIpaKTHMIECKHMIE TIpMeMaMit, He GkUIO MECTA JUIN KOPH/INMECKHX IPONECCYAIBHBIX TOHKOCTEH H hopwarstocteit 5 oTnpansensH MpanocymHs, B ocoGeHHOCTH ecm sTeT0 Kaca- HOCk AMCHUTINNAPHMIX NPOCTyNKOR H ROMHCKHX NpectymteNMi. OpwaKO MpHt ceili csoelt Kopnoparusuoli samkuyroct# npopeccHonasiian apne PUMcKoit HMMepH OTHIOAS He kiTa AGCOMOTHO SAKPHITHIM “TOTANBMBIM HIKCTHTYTON. Jlermonepsi (s mperopHaniysi) OcTaBAHck PUNCKHMM rpa>kaltaNN H OBLIM BOB JeeHbI B pasHOOGpasHMe YACTHONpABOBHIe OTHOUIEHMA ¢ MpestcraBHTestAMH Mupxoro nacenenna, [pit Tom, w city crenicbisiecKinx yenonnil TpeSonanint npodeccHonansiolt apMint, CTABHBIIINX BOeHHBIX 8 OcOGOE MOTOAREHHE To CpaB- enmo ¢ ammaMH HITaTcKHMH (pagani, Kax OH CTasTH HMeHORATHCA Ha apMii- ‘CKOM 2KaPTOHE, a CO BPEMCHEN H B OPHILHAIBHOM FOPHAUHECKOM BIKE”), B 9THX [BSQHMOOTHOLIEHHAX, Hepenko TpeGORABIUHX H CyeGHOTO YperyaHPORAKHR KOH- dpaneron, nensGextio RosIHKa:TH HeMpoCTsIe KOIIHSH MEATY ROHTICKHM CTaTy= COM H BOCHHBIM MpaBOM, ¢ OHO! CTOpOHBI, H GASOBBINE FOPHAMHECKMM IPH uumanm, Ha KOTOPRIX OcHORNRANCR TpaxaNeKHit Mportecc w PuMe, 1 OLIN, Inpanom “acrusix sit (commune ius privatorum), ¢ sipyroft croponsi’, Taxne KOAMSHH (KOAHHECTEO KOTOPHIX, OHCBILTHO, BOspocso NocTe pecpopm CenTHMHR Cenepa, npexocranipurero noermsiM Gostee mINpoKMe MMYIecTBeHHBLe mpaRa [Jung, 1982, S. 958]) 1peGosam pemenua u ¢ HeoGxomuMocTéKo npussIeKaE ceppestioe BHHMANHe KaK SaKoHOaTeTeit (HoMTTepaTopos), TAK H TOnKORATETEH nnpana (iurisprudentes) [Maxstarox, 2005; Maxaavox, 2006a; Maxstaiox, 2007]. B lopHairieckinx nanaTHHKax PuMcKoii HMMepHH (npexae Bcero B KoteKce FOcTH nana m «dlurectax») coxpanisiea pat npanonbix HOPM Ht HX HEETepNpeTani, AHAIINS KOTOPKIX OSBOACT CYAMTS 0 CONE AAHNM, LOTHKE H XapAKTepE TEX NPH- umernit t orpanrrienmit, 470 YcTanantMRamich MMMIepaTOPCKMHE RTACTAMH B ‘OTHOMICHHH BocHHOCHY ALIN. Tipeame vem nenocpeactaenno mepelitu x ux paccMoTpeHIo, cnenyeT OF MeTHTS, HTO HCTOSHIHKH, KaK TOPHIUMNeCKHMe, TAK HL HTepaTypHLe, HeyIAYCMBIC- ‘HeHHO YkASBIBAIOT Ha BeCbMa CYINECTBEHHBIE HPEHMYIIECTBA, KOTOPBE PANEKHE BocHHocayauue B anloxy MMmepui nonysasH npu paccMorpeHun B cyme cro os no vacruompanonbis esiaNt © wx yaacruewt [Jung, 1982, S. 948]. Tloxasae (0 panei sucuunutake BovHx ee acnekra eM. npeauie Beer Phang, 2008], a raKKe amy paGory: [Maxs1aiox, 2006, c. 276-298] #06 snomoum oToro TepNartia ex.: [Zeiller, 1917, 21-28] (c onGopKolt HeTosmAKOR a p. 74-78). * OGuutit oxepk no 3TOH TeMe eM. w paGore: [Giuffre, 2007]Maxsaox A, B, Castrensis iurisdictio H npasoxoli crarye Bomion 107 TeNKHO B 9TOM TUIAHe To OBeTORTENACTHO, TO CAMO MOCTYTLICHHE Ha ROCHHYTO CTYAGY MOTO MOTHBHPOBATKCH CTPEMTEHHEM HIGEKATS OTBETCTREHHOCTH TO ‘Toi HIN MMO! cymeOHO! THKGE mHOO MONyHHTS B seNe MpeMMymecTRA Tepe currarckHnoy mpoTHBHHtKOM. Ilo BCE! BHAAMOCTH, 970 Gala OBO:TKHO-TaKH pac mpoctpaHeHHaa npaxTHka, ¢ KOTOpoit MPHXoAHLIOCE GopoTACH HOCTATONHO CTPO- riiwit sepamt, O6 9TOM MOXKCT, B MACTHOCTH, CRAALETEMBCTRORAT. KONCTHTYIUAA Certumuix Cesepa 1 Kapaxasins, coracio Koropoii re, «ro crpeMiuica SCTyMuTE B apo, 4ToGst HaGexaTK cyeGHOTO Mpontecca, To TpeGoRaHo MpoTHEHOH CTOpOHH osLIEKANH YROABCHIMNO Hs Ho¥cKa', PannBIM OOpasoM HoABEprasICA ‘OTCTABKE H TOT, KTO MlOCTYNaM Ha BOCHHYIO CHYAGY ¢ COSHATEAIBHBIM HaMepeHH- (eM TION MPHKPHTHEM HOHIICKOTO SRAIIHA NOAYSIIT MpeHMyteCTRO Mepest CROFM IPOTHBHUKOM, H TOT, KTO [CAT 910 HS-Sa OMLACEHHM OOBHAMTENEHOTO IpHTOBO- pa To xeny, B KoTOpOM Gat MpHstant OTRETHHKON B vem ake saxmouastncn conepxanne 1 cyte 9THx mperbepenuni, craRnBuHtx omar 8 OCOGOE HOLOAEHHE CpASHUTENSHO CO MUITATCKHMIDY 8 FParKaHICKOM mponecce? Kax coornocstes jlanusie npemmymtecrna ¢ oOmmAME npriumnaMit cylonpousbogersa 10 wacTHBiM ses1aM? HeM on OByesIOB:TEHBI H KaKOe HMEIOT SHONEHHE € TOAKH 3peHHA OGULECTEEHHOTO H MpaBOBOTO CTaTyca BOEHHOCITYKA- hours ustneparopexoii apni? Koppemapyior at onm ¢ Toit oLleHKO! «TarepHoro mpasocyanay, xoTopyo maet Tamir? Za orneta na 9TH nonpock HeoGKomMO OGpaTHTTbCA He TOHBKO K cOGCTHEN- Ho 1OPHAINMECKHM TEKCTAM, HO HK HECKMa HHTepecHOMY JIMTepaTypHOMY CBHLTE ‘TeMBCTBY 0 TpaxkaHcKO-npasoBoii cymeGHOHt MpakTHKe, CBASAHHOIT C BOCHHOC- ayxammmm, 90 XVI nesasepmenmax carupa HOnenasa, nocesmentias Taxol TEME, Kak BBITOMbI BOCHHO! ciry~xGur', Hecmorpa Ha CATHpHeCKyIO sa0cTpEH- HOCTK H ONeRHLIHOe cTYMeHHe KpAcoK, Oa jaeT OEM RAKHYrO HHpopMAITTO © MpaKOBKIX MpHBMIETHAX BOHOR, IPHYEM He TosIBKO TIpeTOpHaHtTes, KOTOPKE, kak nlonaraa M. Jlroppi, moapasymesatores asropom [Durry, 1935, p. 95-106], Ho, exopee ncero, n nernonepor (Clark, 1988, p. 114, not. 3]. Cpemu posix commoda militiae carmpux yxassisaet, So-IepBSIX, MpeHMYIIECTHO BOCRHOC- AYRaIneTO 8 OTHOIIeHMH aCTHONPAROBX eTHKTOR (B HaHOM cayHae pes wer 06 iniuria atrox — npusumennst Texeemsix nonpexcremni). Ufrarexnit (pa- ganus), KaK miner IOnesiaz, He TOTKKO He TOCMeeT YnapHT® ROMA, Ho, Hanpo- ‘Tun, MonysHn ynap, He CTaneT OGpamlarsex K MpeTOpY, MoTMY HTO ACE paRsto [BHIMIpATS sleH0 y Hero He Gyser HKAKHX LIAHCOB: seb cysbeit suIa pasGopa esa Gyner HasnaKen KaKofi-HMGYsIs NeHTYPHON, NOCKOTEKY, COTACHO sIPERHMM 3aKO- nas 1 oGarai0 apemen Kavita, comtar ne xomaeH cyst 'a BIE Rasa Haste Cod. Tust, XI. 33[34]. 1: ... 608, qui litis causa militiam appetietunt, postulantibus adversariis solvi sacramentum solere, *D, 49. 16, 4. 8 (Arrius Menander): Non omnis, qui litem habuit et ideo militaverit, ‘exauctorari iubetur, sed qui eo animo militiae se det, ut sub optentu militiae pretiosioremse adversario faceret, *D. 49. 16, 16 pr (Paulus): Qui meta eriminis, in quo iam reus fuerat postulatus, nomen militiae dedit, statim sacramento solvendus est + 06 atoll carnipe w Hle70M 1 NpoGaeMe ee ayrerrTHMHocTH B YacTHoeTH eM. (Ercole, 1930; Highet, 1954, p. 154-60; 287-288, not. 4; Clark, 1988]. Cw. Takcxe KoMMenrapilt x neil; (Courtney, 2013, p. 542-550)108 Jeepunit PHM ko OF siaMeH, @ 8 TaKOH CHTyaIINH ToRApHILW contaTa-oTReTHHKA, MpHeyTCTHYS na pasGope slena, aslyr noKasarna n ero nombsy'. Bo-RTOpBIx, ees MpocToMy ‘OGsIBATEMO, KETAIOLLEMY OTCTOATS CBOM HAPYMICHHBIC HMYLECTECHHBIC MPRA, IpXONUETCA TOAMH ACLATS pasGopa HAGEL, 12 H MOTOM Tepllets GecKoHeHHEIe ‘OTCPONKH H UPONHE TATOTS, TO BOHHAM «EPEMA RENEHHA je IPEHOCTART, KOA HM yromHo, m THAGAX 3aNlePAKH HM HET, H esa HX PemtaroTes ekopor* (mp. ©. A. Tetposcxoro), Kak ascTeyer 43 TeKcra CaTHps, BOCKINIE HMENM NpaBO Ha pacemorpeune ‘acrHoupaBonsix cHOpos ¢ rpaxKAHCKHMNH SIMIAN B OCOOOM TlOPHIKE, a MMEHHO b npenesax sarepa — Mm B TaKOM caysae cymbelh nasHasasicn 1eMTTypHOH — H Ges ‘OGRISHKIX MpoROMTONeK, T.., TO CYTHE Tea, BH OFTepeT Yro KacaeTea mepsoro Ws HasBaHHKKX IOReHaTOM npenMymecTs, TO B COBpeMeHHOl HayKe He PaSENAETCH MHCHHE TAKHX ABTOPHTETHMX YueHBIX, ax Teoxop Monacsen # Mapceas Jloppy, curtrasuinx, ro nperop ® aaknoi GMyaIWM He Mrpan MaKaKOii pom mM noctpanammmii xomKe Gan MpsMO oGpamiataca K ueHTypHony* [Mommsen, 1899, S. 288 f] (taxoe oGpamtenmte, uy. Sat. XVI. 16-21: commoda tractemus primum communis, quorum ‘haut minimum illud eri, ne te pulsare togatus udeat, imme, etsi pulsetur, dissimulet nec audeat excussos practori ostendere dentes ct nigram in facie tumidis livoribus offam atgue oculurn medico nil promittente relictum, Bardaicus iudex datur haee punire uolenti caleeus et grandes magna ad subsellia surae legibus antiquis castrorum et more Camilli seruato, miles ne uallum litiget extra et procul a signis, ustissima centurionum ccognitio est igitur de milite, nec mihi derit ultio, si iustae defertur causa querellae. tota cohors tamen est inimica, omnesque manipli cconsensu magno efficiunt curabilis ut sit uuindieta et grauior quam iniuria 2 Iw. XVI. 44-50: sed tum quoque mille ferenda taedia, mille morae; totiens subsellia tantum. stemuntur, iam facundo ponente lacernas Cacdicio ct Fusco iam micturiente parati digredimur, lentaque fori pugnamus harena. ast iis quos arma tegunt et balteus ambit quod placitum est ipsis praestatur tempus agendi, nee res atteitur longo sufflamine litis, Mune ocrastacs netocrynsofi paGora, cneistabHo HOCRMIIEHHAA RONPACY 0 epOKAX accMoTpeHA cymLeOHRIX es B ORTH c AAHHBIM cRLIeTeTACTROM IOReHasta: [Fargnoli, 2013), + M, Jhoppi csirra, 40 & JaHHOM cuy4ae HosparyMenaeres evocatus (rosHee, evocatus a quaestionibus, kak # CIL XI, 2108 = ILS 2146; ep. CIL VI 2755 = ILS 2145 ‘Moor ake MMILIET O HeATYPHOHE MOTOMY, TO cxORO , ompertesttenomy nomnicKoit mpucaroii [Vendrand-Voyer, 1983, p. 163164]. [Iperop mor oxHospeMeHHo MpHHATS Ko BHHMAHMe MpasHia i oGmeit nponemypst, H Toll, ITO oTHOCHIAck K RoeHHOM AMCKENAME, Wo, cosHanax HepaneHcTRO ycsonHii moeHHOCHYKAMerO HM TpaRANCKOTO, on MpeMowHTan OCHOBKIEATSCA Ha ApeBLelt TpAAMUNM, CommacHO KOTOPOH esa RonHOR paccMatpimainch TomBKO B siarepe, Kak HeTeM MpoTHE TpwANANCKOTO MILA COsLlaT HONKSORALIC OOMMHOH opHCAUUKIUMEH H OmKEH GLI CYAMTKEA TO Mecty conepurenia esxra (D. 48. 2. 22). K Tomy xe B MHpHOe BpeMA caMHM RoMHaM HO cHlopaM MexY coGoHt Hap\TeKasIO OBpalllarkex K MpeTOpY, KaK H BceM mporaM rpakstanaM (D. 13. 6. 21. 1). Creayer WMeTh & pity, TO K7acCHHecKDE PHMcKOe Mpano pasmHyaTo coGcracHHo BocHHBIe jenHKTH # delicta cum ceteris communia (D. 49. 16. 2 prs ep. 49. 16, 6 pr): nocnemHe MoraH paceMarpHEaTseR Ha OGINLIX OCHOBAHHAX; OjAKO He RETNA KCHO, PACEMATPHRALTCR IH TOT YIM MMOH esTHRT KAK BONIICKH MpoctyHok sINGO KAK WACTHOe MpanoHapyuleHHe, Tem Goee TO BOCHEBIT AEMKT MOT MpHCOEMMAATECA K eMHKTY MO OGmeMy mpapy [Tbidem. P. 165] (D. 49.16.5.2; Petr. Sat, 83), 310 oTHOCHTER, BMACTHOCTH, K BOPORCTRY: OCYAACHE 3a BOpORCTHO MoATEKAA Nosopameit oTCTABKE”, HO GsiTa aH OHA cTenCTAHEM GecsecTHA, HanaraeMoro Ha OCyATIEHHOTO ROpA, WI IKE MpestcTanwIa COBO! BOCHHOE HaKAsAHHe, OCTaeTCA HexCHRIM. HlepBooNepENHOCTS paccMoTpEHHA JET © YHACTHEM BOHHIOR TO CROEMY MPOHCKOAMENINO © TAKHM cpesICTROM peropexoii samurrsi, Kak restitutio in integrum, KoTopoe Henonssonanoce, NTOGSI GYCTPAHHTh HeKOTOpHIe BpEMHBIe TlOCTERCTANA TpAK/AHICKOTO Mana ‘aK, Kak GynTo OHH RooGmME He HacTynaniD [BaprouteK, 1989, c. 278]. IIperop Cus,, uampustep: [Cavensile, 1958, No. 212], me rosopurea 0 tom, sro upedpext starepa nasnaaer 8 KavieeTse cyssu uertTypHora(iudicem dat). Cut. rawsxe: [Youtie, 1978, p. 286-292] 2 Hisnectuo, ro Rows, yaucieHHbll R SanNom Boposcrae (furtum balnearium), noe nosopauielt otcTaske (D. 47. 17. 3), TpuntevarensHo, 70 TaKoe HaKasaHUe anpierea Gosice CepKesIniM, HEACNH 38 KPAKY OPYAIA, a KOTOPYIO 1Os1AFBIOC TOKO pavxatonanine (D. 49. 16.3. 14), BosMoxHo, & aHHOM Cxysae MpHNeHsICR TOT HPHALUAT, ‘hopmyauporxy xoroporo jaet Daun Maxp # D. 48. 19. 14: quaedam delicta pagano aut nullam aut leviorem poenam irrogant, milit vero graviorem («sa HexoTopte mpoeryHiKi exenoen, 3yleck Maxp cesutaeres nla Mewianapa, xoropsif mica (0 TaKazaitant RovHa cMepTBlo 3a RAHIATHC AKTEPCKHM PeMeCTOM HIM MpORaky ceGH R paGerno,0 Jeepunit PHM B TAKHX {CNX IPHEHMAN RO BHIMAHHe TaKOE ynaxtTETKHOS OBCTORTEAKCTHO, kak absentia rei publicae causa («oTeyTcTEHe To TocymapeTBeHEBIM emaM0). Tlo cronam Cnenonsi, «ace novtBl, KoTOpHe He MOryT GesonacHo NOKHHYTS SHAMCHA, CHHTAIOTCA OTCYTCTRYIOUINMH 10 TOCYsLapeTBeHHBIM e:TaND>! Cooraererayioutite HopMist 3aKpen:tai0Tea, KOHKPETHSHDY!OTER Ht NPHATArAHOTCA K pasmuimbiM cretyannaMt, Pacripocrpaniemme 910ro MpHUiUta 1a pRIOBNIX COsTTAT Gsu10 cymlecTseHHOl npusuterHelt (s sTloxy PecnyGmukH ero OGuasanH npexe BceTo MarHeTpaTst Ht -THMta, HX COMPORORAAIOMIURE) H OSHANATO MpHBHAHTE HX ‘ocoGoro connonporpeccHonassoro craryca’, BMecre ¢ TeM mpeTop coxparisit YRARKCHHE K OCHOBHSIM mMpasHTam GopmyaapHoro mpouecea, sToGK He ‘COTTIKOM. EK:TOTTBIX K THOKBAM (CM., OUYCTHTE oTeryrenntik B OMBsy soz nanpuxep, D. 5. 1.7) B cpasn c Tem xe daxropom — skimonmenmem rocynapeTnentinx oGasanmocreii — naxosirTes ene sim OCOGKIX HeKsHONeHHS jUIx BOUHIOR B e*bepe rpaxxaautexore npoueceyansi0ro npaga. Bo-neprwix, cormacko peckpamry mMneparopa AZpHaia, ROHS He NORTE GsUIM BKISKIBATHCH JUIN JAN CBHACTENKCKUX TOKAsaHHIi, OTRIEKAKCE OT CHOHX coy AcGHbx OGwaHHOCTe!, TEM Gonee ECT MpoUece MPOHEXOAHA AATeKO OT MecT sMCHOKALUNH RoMHCKOH YacT#, B oToM orHomeHHME, Mo cEHACTemKCTRY Crtesons, mom BoeHHEIe MpHpaBHHBAmice K GomBHKIM Capua (Senes vale- tudinarii) 1 Test, kro BMecTe € MarHerpaToM OTeyTeTAYET rIo TocyapeTReHHIN ena (D. 22. 5. 8). Henksa uckmosare, ro FOseHa, noxtepKusax & cBoeit XVI carupe, 470 «coamar He ROTKEH CYANTSCA BHE BATA, NPAMO KPHTHKYET Anpuatta, yeranopusmrero coornereraytomyio nopy (Courtney, 2013, p. 542]. Ho, Ha Ha ss0101, paste cumTars, sro AmpHaH, crpemuBuiics, KaK HoRecTHO, RCeMepHO YKPeTHTs ANCHITIMHY RB apwn, TocrexoRaTeTsHO CIeAOBAIT TPAAHIMOHHOMY AHCIUATLIMHApHOMY MpHHIUMY, corsiacHo KoTopOMY BOHHAM SANPeMIATOCK MOKHLAATS sHaMeHA, T. €. MecTO emyxGMI (D. 22. 5. 60) [D’Orgeval, 1950, p. 87, 348-351] Bo-sropsix, BOUH, MMex pao HasHAKT® NoBepeHHOrO UIA BeACHHK cOBCTREMHBIX Men, CaM, COMTACHO SMUKTY, He MOT BAICTYNATS B KaecTHe TORE pentioro rpersix sun (D. 3.3. 8 pr; 22. 1. 23; 2); 8 rom orHomennn on erasures 8B oun paz ¢ minores (adulescentes) (D. 8. 8. 1). Hpumevatensitoe noacuenne K oToli HopMe zaer Azxexcanap Cenep ® pecxpunre nony Maxpuny (223 r. H9.): BOCHHOCMyRaMleTO He cHleAYeT NPHBEKATE & KAYECTHE HOBEpeHHOTO HHL OTHa, HA MaTepH, HH KeHBI, HGO OGUIeCTBEHHAR MOTESa HE LONYCKAET, HTOGR on Span 1a ce6a sameTy uysKOrO AENA R cys, HIE yHaKHAN HY ARME sea, HIT D. 4.6.45: Milites omnes, qui discedere signis sine peticulo non possunt, rei publiese ‘eausa abesse intllegitr. 2 Hlanpnep, & HonPOeY © TOM, NPHMEHHMO 1 eT COmUATA, HAXORAILEKOEN # omyeke, «oreyrerayronuM to seam rocysapersan (D. 4, 6. 35. 9, Paulus). 2pyrae nipunepia n entyaiuin e.: D. 4. 6.35, 434. 6, 36; 4, 6, 415 49. 16. 1) 50.4. 3, 10; 50.4. 18,29 nap. * Moaposues ex: [Vendrand-Voyer, 1983, p. 159 suv., 164) +1, 22. 5.3.6 Callistratus: testes non temere evocandi sunt per longum iter et multo minus milites avocandi sunt a signis vel muneribus pethibendi testimonii causa, idque divus Hadrianus rescripsit.Maxsaox A, B, Castrensis iurisdictio H npasoxoli crarye Bomion m1 eierynan ® KaYecrae xoseraa!. OnHaxo HS 9Toro Mpaswia 7eTaIHCh mecEMa TOKasaTeNbHBIe HCKMOTEHTE, OHH, BO-TEPEKIX, KACATHCK TOTO, KTO HasHaaIca TonepeHmsiM B cROHX coBcTReHHEIX HHTepecax (in rem suam procurator datus); 4 BO-BTOPHIX, TeX, KTO Hell OOMIee EHO cROETO TloApassereHA — communiam causam omnis sui numeri (D. 3. 3. 8. 2). XapaktepHo TawKe passacHenne, anaeMoe Mo 9ToMy Honosty B eme oUOM KoKIeTTyHHH Anexcanapa Cenepa: Te, TO HAXOAMTCH Ha BOCHHOH CHyxGe, MOFYT BECTH CBOH esa, ECHIH MPH 9TOM HE apynraerea {WCMNTLAHHA, HesThSA ResIh CKAsATH, STO TOT, KTO TOpyseHHBIe eMy Rea MeTONHAA AOCTO‘HBIN OOPAsOM, SAHHMACTER HYRHM JEON B TOM Caly"Ae, CTH BENET CBOE AETO, «BanpeMLaTS 970 MOHM BOHHAM He TOABKO HEsIETO, HO axe w HeempanesumHB0». Haxoxeu, cesyer orMerirs, 410, Kak H 8 HEKOTOPSIX APYTHX OTHOMIEHHAR’, B MpONeccyamBIiOM Mage 3a RONTAMH MPHSHARALTACH H TAKAR MPHBHLTETHR, Ka ocnoGoxeHMe OT OTHETETREHKOCTH RETeCTAE HesHanHA mpana (ignoran= tia juris), — npusuaerus, Koropax, soupeKu oSuleMy pai, racHBLTeMy ignorantia iuris non excusat, npenocTaniazach HM Hapanite ¢ AXCHIAMI i wecosepmiennonermyn', Simplicitas armatae militiae («npoctoaymme, mpH- CYILIEe JTOAM BORHEKIND, KOTOPBIM KOK Pas H ONPABLIAIEA.TOCK HEOCBEOMITEH- HocTs p npanc®) 1osRosia1a ONNY RoNpeKH OGuUAM MPHHLGAMAM MpOHLCCCyamTsHOTO pasa JOGHTBCH KOppeXTHPOBKH CYeGHOTO PeMIEHHA, BOCTIONBSOBABICE TEMH epenicrnanm samurrs, KOTOPHIC He ONIN MpHMEHeHT 13-34 HeOCRE/IOMUICHHOCTH [Jung, 1982, $. 962 £] (Cod. lust. I. 18. 1). Taxi oGpaso, paccMoTpeHHstii MaTepHaT nosBOnseT cHeMATs BBIBON 06 ompexenenniofi nnoficrnentoctn mpanonoro craryca moemmocny»Kaunx ameparopcKolt apm 8 rpaxkgaxcKo-npoueccyabHolt cepe. Te OTCTYMLICHHA ‘oT GasORKIX MpHETLHTIOR, KOTOPKIE ReTATIICK SaKoHIOATeTKCTROM (TEE BETO MMIEpATOPCKHMH KOHCTHTYIINNH) BMX 1OWBSY, jLaRAIM ROMHAM cyLIeCT™ BeHHBIC MpeHMYMLECTBA H TATOTH, H OGYCTOBTABAAHCE OHH B MepBy!O ONepEATs ‘TpeSonaIHaNH ROHTICKOH HCINIUIMHSI CANHM XapakTepoM cayAOK B Cod. lust. I. 12 (13). 7: Militem nec pro patre vel matre vel uxore nec ex sacto >to procuratorio nomine experi port, cum neque defensionem alienam suscipere vel redimere negotia vel quasi suffragatorem accedere utilitate pblica permittatur. Cp. Inst. IV 13. 11: ... nam miltibus nec pro patre vel matre vel uxore ex sacro rescripto procuratorio rnomine experiri concenditur, suis vero negotiis superesse sine offensa disciplinae possunt. Boswoaao, avor sanper Guta yerantonnen emte ABrycTow ex. [Jung, 1982, S. 950}, 2 Cod. lust I. 12. 9: Qui stipendia merent, suis negotiis superesse inoffensa disciplina possunt: nec potest dici cum, qui honesta et verecundia praecedente causa mandatas sibi actiones exercucrit, atieno negotio fungi, cum, licet intentio ex persona alterius bona fide sumatur, hune tamen rem suam gerere non ambigitur. quod militibus meis interdici non ‘modo absurdum, verum etiam iniguum es. B wacrioctn, 910 Kacasiocs HaceeTRENHOTO NpARA, TPEHOCrARIRIETO ROHAN nosMoxHOcTs cRoBonKOrO CocTaRIEHILX saxentants (D. 22. 6.9.1; Cod, lust. IX. 23.5). +D. 1.9.1 (Paulus) miles... per consttutiones principales ius ignorare potest. 5 Gai, lst 109; 114; 163; Cod, lust. VI. 21.3. }Ocriian, cemuraxes wa npenmicaHix owtepetopa opi rasa 06 ianicnaTesmHOCTH JU ROMHOR Ne aKa Maka R acesteTHENNA esaX, MoserxeT: «Bers cRsMemeiim 2aKOHOnATENs TloTAra, TO ROMAN NYSE SiaKoMo opyawe, set mpano» (Cod. lust. VI. 30. 22 pr: Arma etenim magis, quam iura scire milites sacratissimus legislator existimavit.uz Jteepuinit PHM noctosnnoii npodeccnonansHoi apwun, B10 *e BpeMa conmarst MpooMKa PAceMarpHRaTsea KaK Tpa@anane, mB OTHOMTEHHM KOTOPKIX ROOKIE (supers) YeroBHAX MporOTKANH AelicTBORATS OGuIKKe HOpMAI_H MpHHLHAT. B ceoeli cosoxymHoct paccMorpeHHBle MpHBWIErHH GBLIK BHIpAKeHHEN TO! XApAKTEPHOH JIN NOSMHEKIaCCHMeCKOTO UMpana TEHPEMIUN K YOpHUEIECKOMY o*popsienmto ocoGoro ROCHHOTO KCOCIORNAY, KOTOPAK MPORRILATACK TAKKE B chepe HMymecTReMHoro H HacHeneTBeHHOrO mpaga, KaK mpesicrasnaetca, OTPASHBIIHECK B JIMTepaTypHO-XYAORECTECHUBIX MH McTOpHOrpadusrecKUX KCTAX MPCHCTAR:ICHHA © CHOCOSPASHH GUMMHMOTO B BOCHHMX slarepsx hipanocyaita» MoxwO PaceMarpitark He To:BKO KaK enitieTemKeTRA peambHol MpoUeccyaNsHOl IPAKTHKH, HO KAK OHO MS BBIpaXeHHii yKasaKHOH ‘TeHENH. OdMUMATSHO-IOpHAHTECKOe TPHSHAHMe «MpOCTOAYIIMA BOHHOE 8 MpasossX BOMpOCOB, YIPOMIeHHe Nlopsrika paccMOTpeHHA ste ¢ yuacTHEN. RoctIocayaanyAX, nomesUMe B OGKIMA‘i NpespepertH Co cTopoHM MpeTOpeKOTO nnpana, mpintertenie pasrioro posta topnasecknx ¢pAKIAii, MpHSRAHBIX CATT OCTPHIE KOITNGHH MEKIY AHCHANAHHAPHBIMM TPeGORAMAMH H TpaxTaHCKHM CTaTYCOM sIerHOHEPOB, — BCE 9TO, HECOMHEHHO, BIMAIO Ha TO, KaK apMelicKas pes 8 HesIOM H NOAOAKCHHE COAT ROCTPHMAMA:IMCH Co CTOPOH TpHAMANCKOTO oomectBa, (CHHCOK AAMTEPATYPBI: 1. Behrends O. Die rémische Geschworenenverfassung: Ein Rekonstruktionsversuch. Géttingen, 1970, 2. Blois L., de, Volk und Soldaten bei Cassius Dio // Aufstieg und Niedergang der rémischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung / Hrsg, ‘von W, Haase, H. Temporini. Tl, Il, Bd 34, 3. Berlin—New York, 1997. $. 2650-2676, 3. Cavenaile R, Corpus Papyrorum Latinarum. Wiesbaden, 1958, 4, Clark M. E, Juvenal, Satire 16: Fragmentary Justice /Ilinois Classical Studies. 1988. Vol. 13. No. 1. P. 113-125, 5, Courtney E, A Commentary on the Satires of Juvenal. Berkeley, 2013 (1* edition: London, 1980), 6. DOrgeval B. 7, Davenport C. Cassius Dio aud C No. 2. P. 196-815. 8, Durry M. Juvénal et les prétoriens // Revue des Etudes Latins, 1935.7. 13, P.9S—106. 9, Durry M. Les cobortes prétotienes. Paris, 1938, 10, Evcole P. La satira 16 di Giovenale // Athenacum. 1930. Vol. &. P, 346-360, 11, Fargnoli Mille taedia, mille morae. Zur Dauer des Prozesses in Juvenals Satire // Liber amicorum Christoph Krampe zum 70. Geburtstag / Hrsg. M. Armgardt, F. Klinck, I. Reichard. Berlin, 2013. S. 99-109. 12. Giuffre V. Umilites’ ed il “commune ius privatorum’ //'The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC—AD 476): Economic, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects / Ed. L De Blois and E. Lo Cascio, Leiden—Boston, 2007. P. 129-148, 13. Highet G. Juvenal the Satirist, Oxford, 1954. 14, Jung J. I, Die Rechtsstellung der rémischen Soldaten: Tre Entwicklung von den Anftingen Roms bis auf Diokletian // Aufstieg und Niedergang der rémischen Welt Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung / Hrsg. von W. Haase, H. ‘Temporini. Tl. I. Bd 14. Berlin—New York, 1982. $. 882-1013, 15, Mommsen Th, Rémisches Strafrecht. Leipzig, 1899, ‘empereur Hadrien, Euvre législative et administrative. Paris, 1950. racalla // The Classical Quarterly, 2012. Vol. 62Maxsaox A, B, Castrensis iurisdictio H npasoxoli crarye Bomion 3 16, Phang S. E. Roman Military Service. Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate. Cambridge—New York, 2008, 17, Sander E. Das Recht des rémischen Soldaten / Rheinisches Museum fit Phlologi 1958. Bd. 101. S. 152-191; 193-234, 18, Sander E. Das rémische Militérstraftecht // Rheinisches Muscum fr Philologic. 1960. Bd. 103. S, 289-319, 19, Vendrand-Voyer J. Normes civiques et métier militaire & Rome sous le Principat. Clermont, 1983, 20. Youtie H. C. Four Short Texts on Papyrus /! Zeitschrift fur Papirologie und Epigra- phik, 1978. Bd, 29. P, 286-292, 21. Zeiller J. Paganus. Etude de terminologic historique. Thése pour le Doctorat és- lettres. Fribourg—Paris, 1917, 22. Bapmowex M. Pansckoe npaxo: [louxris, TepManh, onpetenews /Tep. seick. M,, 1989, 23, Maxnaiox A. B, Peanut npopeccuouanbuoli api W rRopecrwo PuMCKHX opHcTOR 1 ConmankHoe THOPSECTRO M KY.IMIYPHBIE KOMMYHURANLAIC B HIPOULION H HACTORILIEN. ‘Tsopccrso H. A. JloGporoGora 1 cro cospesensxos / Tlox pea, B. M. Crporenxoro, H. Hosropos, 2005. C. 60-67, 24. Maciaiox A. B. Consarst Pumcxoi wanepiit. Tpauiaunt BoeRKOH eyaGsl 1 outickas Mewraniocts. CTI6,, 2006 25. Maxraox A.B. [logeuactusili chit wa wocnwoit cayaGe: patria potestas, peculi- uum castrense 1 conmaskibil crarye nernonepor & anoxy Hoanepint /! BUM, 2007. Ne 1 ©. 130-142, 26. Maxaaiox A.B. PuncKoe upaso u npobeccux souna / Mcropus apesuux ruesinsauai, Tocytaperso 1 npavo LIpesnero Pasa: YueGuo-merosusieckoe nocoOHe. Bau. 1 /Tlox oGu, peut. BLM. Kysiauata, H. Hosropox, 2006. C. 213-244, Tocmynusa # pedaryuno 28.04.2014