CJIOBOOBPA3OBAHNEHOVE THT BHABHA, Yeh HPO nH OO POTEAU Hi PEER ne Me OHOM — ONCE HHETO B-TPOHYCK HEOOKTINT BETH EVIE ETRE eiHoe junt lmpHTarae “POLHOG, 1 KOTOPOMY ONO OTHOEHT EH: wl) ve day (smn) © a gunny day) OGPATHTE BHUMAHHE Ha MHC Cyt MBI rarostoB! Tove sunny 1)... (daily) = Hove sunny days (max Kax nem neanpedenennord apmukia n uuumo He ykazbleaem na eouncmeeHnoe WUCI0). ‘The train J) at 6 o’clock in the morning. (arrival) = The train arrives at 6 orclock in the morning (max Kak 6 coomsemcmeuu co cmpykmypoit npeonawcenua mpe6yemea znazan, 6 o'clock zosopum 0 pacnucanuu — sHavum neodxodum cxazar 6 Present Simple 6 3 mae ed. sucna c oxoHYaHUeM -5); Hupaly Hire BoINomMATE THAT CNN HHAN HH MHP EMEHHETE Op~ © CyILeCTBHTERDHBIMN comacyloTca NpHAArATenbUbIe, HapediiA Comacy1oTCA ¢ TarosaMn HW ipHiararenbHbIMH; b GonbUMMHCTRe cay'aes OTPHUATEMbHBIE MpHCTABKH HeOGXOHMO sayHBaTb! O6uyne pexomenjaunn Sonne unraitre: ovenb 4acTo Yereumomy BEITOsHeHTO sallannil Ha cno- BoopazoRaHMe cHOCOOCTEYET NOTONHEHHE cHloRapHOrO 3amlaca Ho COOTBET- crByIoulMM TeMaM; Giiaet UenecooGpasHo NOBTOpHO BLINONHATE saNAHHA, BOBpAULAAC K HAN uepes HeCKOMBKO AHeli, TlepeckasbIBaTh TEKCTH; BEINHCHIBaifTe CORA, KOTOPEIe BEI He 3HAIH WHIM B KOTOPBIX OMY CTHTH OUIHG- Ky. BMecTe ¢ HCXOaHDIM cTOROM, 3ay"ntBaitre Ht CHCTeMATHECKH HOBTOPsiTTe, ucnionssyitre B ycTHol pew, TIONB3YHTeCk CHOBAPAMH H CripaBouHAKaMH TIO cropoobpaxonannio, Yenexon nam! v A. General Fitness EASY, STRONG, PERFORMANCE, WEIGH; HEALTHY - General fitness is part of overall 1)... . It means having a healthy body 2) ... as well as an ability to 3) ... physical activities without getting tired 4) ... . These exercises also tone and 5) ... the body in a general, all-over way. %. . Yoga TRENDY, FLEXIBLE, CURRENT, HARD, PRACTICE Yoga has been 1) ... for more than 5,000 years, and 2) .. millions of people are enjoying its health benefits. Yoga can 3) ... be called just a 4) it has a deeper meaning. Generally, it enables you to develop your 5) strength, and balance. \ C. Cricket 1 VARIOUS, INVASION, FORM, PROBABILITY, REAL The origins of cricket lie somewhere in the Dark Ages, 1) ... after the Ro- man Empire, almost certainly before the Normans 2) ... England, and almost certainly in Northern Europe. In 3)... , there were actually a large number of different games played under a 4) ... of local rules. The first and most influ- ential cricket club 5) ... at Hambledon, Hampshire, the techniques of playing established in the 1760’s still hold today. “ D.Cricket 2 MAJORITY, ANNUALLY, POPULARITY, NEW, STUDY In the 19th century the sport proved so 1) ... with the well-to-do 2) ... of Eton, Harrow, and Winchester, that an 3) ... match called “Gentlemen vs. Players” took place at Lord’s Cricket Ground in London from 1806-1963. Nowadays international teams play three forms of cricket: 4) ... test matches that last as long as 5 days, cricket imatches that last one day and the 5)... and shortest form of cricket that only lasts three hours. 5B, Paralympics 1 IMPORTANCE, SOCIAL, DEPEND, ABILITY, PHYSICS While sport has value in everyone's life, itis even more 1)... in the life of A person With 02)... Hea have a good effect not only on the 3)... body but also on greater Involving physically challenged people into 4)... . So, that’s how sport teaches §) ... F, Paralympics 2 COMPETE, FOLLOW, INCLUDE, PARTICIPANT, ACHIEVE These days, disabled people 1) ... both in high performance and 2) sport. From the 1960s, athletes with disabilities started to be 3) ... in sporting, events such as the Paralympic Games, that are held every four years, 4) ... the Olympic Games and emphasise the participants’ numerous athletic yy not their disability. ’ G. Bobsleigh 1 REPLACEMENT, DEVELOPMENT, DANGER, VISIT, POPULARITY Bobsleigh, or bobsled, was 1) ... in Switzerland in 1897. The sport of racing bobsleds down the mountain quickly became 2) ... with British and American 3) ... . The first sleds were made of wood but were soon 4) ... by steel sleds, which were much faster. A part of the Winter Olympic Games since 1924, bobsledding is a sport of exciting but 5) ... speed. H. Bobsleigh 2 LIMIT, ABLE, NEAR, LENGTH, POSSIBILITY. In the Olympics the bobsled run is at least 1,500 meters 1)... and it has about 15 or 20 turns. The combined weights of sled and team are 2) ... to 375 kilos for the two-man and 630 kilos for the four-man sled. Crews push the sled to a running start from behind the starting line, but electronic timing doesn’t begin until it actually crosses the line. Once across the starting line, a race is basically a test of the driver’s 3) ... to get the greatest 4) ... speed out of the sled. That involves turns, including some of more than 180 degrees, at speeds of 5)... 100 miles an hour. |. The Best Exercise Machine PRESS, FITNESS, CARE, DOOR, EQUIP Exercise machines can be a great way to get in shape and allow you to exercise 1) ... year-round and can help reduce your risk of diabetes, obesity, 6 high blood 2) ... and heart disease. So which one do you choose? The ma- chine that is supposed to make you the 3) ... , the one that burns the most calories, or the device that has least impact on your joints? No doubt, you should 4) ... consider all these factors and also consult your physician. But the fact is that, in reality, the best aerobic piece of 5)... is the one you’re most willing to use. J. The Oldest Paraglider Ever 1 LIVE, CERTAIN, YOUNG, CAPABILITY, BELIEF To be young is to be daring, to be vital, to be 1) ... of anything. To be old is to be ... finished? No matter how many times we tell our parents and grandparents “You're young yet. You have your whole 2)... ahead of you!” we never truly 3)... they can do the things we can. We think adrenaline pumps harder in our veins than it does in theirs. For some, that may be true. But for 104-year-old Guinness World Record holder Margaret McKenzie McAlpine, it 4) ... is not. The oldest female to do tandem paragliding, Margaret shows us that 5) ... truly is a state of mind. K. The Oldest Paraglider Ever 2 EXTREMELY, CHILDISH, PENSION, NORTH, REQUIREMENT Peggy McAlpine, who has two 1)... , four grandchildren and two great- grandchildren, leapt from a 2,400ft peak in 2) ... Cyprus. Together with the pilot they were gliding above the clouds and landed to a crowd of family, friends, and the three witnesses 3) ... by the Guinness World Records. The 4)... said she first got a taste for 5) ... sports at the age of 80 when her grand- children talked her into trying bungee jumping at the Essex Show. A. Exercise APPROVE, FORTUNE, STRONG, SPECIAL, BENEFICIAL, WEIGH, FLEXIBLE, ACTIVE An 1)... lifestyle is one of the top risk factors for heart disease. 2)... , i arisk factor that you can do something about. Regular exercise, 3) ... aerobic exercise, has many 4)... . It 5)... your heart and cardiovascular system, im- proves your circulation and helps your body use oxygen better, improves ba- 7lance and joint 6) ... . Before starting an exercise program, you should get the doctor's 7) ... before you lift 8) ... , use a weight machine, jog, or swim. VB. Darts History DOOR, SPECULATE, SHORT, FAVOUR, ORIGIN, PRACTICE, NEED, ACCURATE One fact no-one can dispute is that the game of darts 1) ... in England and is more than 100 years old. Much is 2) ... but if rumour holds true, King Henry VIII of England told his archers to 3) ... their skills all year round. While practising, some of them, instead of shooting, started thro- wing their arrows as a means of fun. Maybe the thinking was, “anyone can shoot 4) ... let’s see who can throw best”. 5) ... to say, everyone knows England’s 6) ... weather, and soon this outdoor pastime or game was taken 7) ... to the comfort of the local pub and to handle the arrows better they were 8)... . \ ¢.The Highland Games CULTURE, GIVE, ATHLETE, SETTLER, MISS, TRADITION, COLLECT, DEFINITION Highland Games can best be 1) ... as a wonderful 2) ... of traditional Scottish activities all happening in the same place at the same time. With the Heavy Events, Highland Dancing, Solo Piping, Track and Field 3) ... and Massed Pipe Bands, the Games are a wonderful 4) ... from the past that have given Scotland a unique 5) ... experience that is now being enjoyed at Games staged wherever Scots have 6) ... all over the world. With everything that you'd expect at a7) ... Highland Games event, the 2010 Inverness Highland Games is going to be an 8) ... occasion for all the family. D. Snorkelling ACCESS, SEE, ENJOY, CONFIDE, INVOLVE, COMPLETION, LIKE, INTRODUCE Snorkelling is great fun, easy to learn and an ideal way to build up 1)... in the water. It is 2) ... to anyone — young or old — and is an 3) ... way to get the whole family 4) ... . For younger members of the family, snorkelling is also a great 5) ... to underwater sports and can be their first step towards learning to dive. Our snorkelling courses are open to children and adults 6) ... . You can 7) ... a snorkel course before you go on holiday or you can learn to snorkel to discover the amazing underwater 8) ... our very own coastline has to offer. E. Extreme Ironing SATISFY, ANSWER, PRESS, ARTIST, INSPIRATION, DESCRIPTION, GLOBAL, COMBINATION Sometimes questions are better left 1) ... . Like how a sport called “ex- \veme ironing” has circumnavigated the 2) ... , fascinating people from Prance to Fiji. 3) ... on the official website as the “latest danger sport that he thrills of an extreme outdoor activity with the 5) ... of a well 6)... i's an activity that is as much a sport as it is a hilarious performance Extreme Ironing has 8) ... other forms of unusual extreme activities, for example, Extreme Cello Playing. F, Rescue Swimming BREATHE, CHALLENGE, STRESS, ENDURE, SURVIVE, FIT, EQUIP, EXCELLEN When you arrive at Navy Search and Rescue Swimmer School, you will be placed in a 1) ... environment and expected to 2) ... in military educa- tion, close quarter living, teamwork, and physical 3) ... tests. According to the syllabus, rescue swimmers must have fiexibility, strength, 4)... , and be ble to function for 30 minutes in heavy seas. The training includes lessons in 11 ways to approach, carry and release a 5) even s to release 6)... for Navy and Air Force flyers and many others. So, being comfortable in the water is an understatement. You have to be able to think and perform 7)... tasks while submerged, holding your 8) ... . and getting tossed around by 10—20 feet waves. G. Organising a Walkathon PROFIT. POWER, NECESSITY, ADVERT, ORGANISE, ENJOY, EXPENSIVE, REQUIREMENT Make your walkathon an 1) ... and 2) ... fundraiser for your group or charity, Walkathons are 3) ... to plan, but they do 4) .., a lot of 5) ... and vo- lunteers. Sponsors can help cover the costs of printing and 6) ... . Plan your event well, 7) ... the volunteer walkers with the tools 8) ... to find sponsors and your walkathon will flourish. H. Elephant Races HEIR, SHORTAGE, SURPRISE, TAME, COURAGE, FAME, ACCOMMODATION. SPECIAL Vietnam’s Buon Don district has long been 1) ... for its M’Nong wild ele- phant 2) ... and trainers, Buon Don celebrates its 3) ... every year with its \annual Elephant Races. Every year in the forests near the Sevepoi River the | event takes place on a 4) ... racetrack a mile or so long. The track is wide enough to 5) ... ten elephants racing side by side. Elephants can move at a 6). fast speed (25 mph), 7) ... when 8) ... by crowds yelling and beating gongs! JV |. Sports Clothes OPTION, PROPERLY, MOBILE, COMFORT, PREFER, PERFORM, DEFINE, CONSIDER, Casual wear is 1) ... not adequate for practising sports. Jeans are ex- tremely 2) ... for running, while flat boots or sandals cannot boost your 3) on the sports court. 4) ... for the right exercise clothing can bring great results in your 5) ... . Nowadays there is a wide range of sport clothing available on the market according to your personal 6) ... and your sport taste. Adequate exercise clothes have to be comfortable and well fitting, allowing you to move freely. Check out what are those factors that you take into 7) .. shopping for the 8) ... exercise outfit. : when \/ J. Anti-Doping Control VARIETY, VIOLENCE, REGULATE, SUBSTANTIAL, INFORMAL, REPEAT, NATION, PROMOTION The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is the 1) ... independent or- ganisation created in 1999 to 2)... , coordinate and monitor the fight against doping in sport in all its 3) ... . Sanctions for violating anti-doping 4) ... may range from a reprimand to a lifetime ban. The period of ineligibility may 5) ... depending on the type of anti-doping 6) ... , the circumstances of an individual case, the 7) ... . and the possible 8) ... of an anti-doping rule violation. \/ A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. Monroe finished first in his last race, but was ... and placed third. (qua- lifications) placed third. (qua. 2. Taller sprinters are usually at a ... in the first 50 meters. (advanta- yeous) 3. England held an ... World Cup in 1966. (forges) 4. Maradona’s contract as Argentina coach was not renewed following the World Cup after a ... with the Argentinian Football Association. (agree) 5. If you want to leave your bicycle outside when in the city, lock your bike to something ... like a lamp post. (move) 6. Her ... courage and confidence inspired us all and helped to win. (fai- lure) 7, At least 11 ... athletes have participated in the Olympic Games over the years. (ability) 8. Back home, the Pakistani women’s cricket team is ... . especially com- pared with its famous male counterparts, (knowledge) 9. Phelps won an ... eight gold medals in 2008, setting seven world re- cords. (precedent) 10. He has won the Tour de France three times but was stripped of his 110 title after testing positive for an ... substance. (legalise) “f. Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. |. The people were ... after running the marathon. (breathe) 2. He abruptly retired from ... golf at the age of 37. (competition) 3. At home he became a national hero after winning a gold medal at the Athens Olympics, but he had a... false start in Beijing. (disaster) 4, Even if you cannot afford a gym ... . you can get some exercise in many ways. (member) 5. Their first attempt to climb Everest ended in ... . (fail) 6. The Rangers appear ... by their team’s new-found lower league status. (energy) 7. Extreme sports have helped me to overcome my fear of ... . (high) &. Real tennis ... in the eleventh century. (origin) 9. Power play is the use of physical ... to defeat one’s ... ina sport through sheer force. (strong, oppose) 10. There are certain ... requirements that apply to stadiums to provide a basic level of access to people with ... . (access, ability)V A. Herbalism 1 THERAPEUTIC, DESCRIPTIVE, HEALER, TENDENCY, RECORDING Plants were used for medicinal purposes long before 1) ... history. An- cient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings 2)... medicinal uses for plants as early as 3,000 BC. Indigenous cultures, such as African and Native Ameri- can, used herbs in their 3)... rituals, while others developed traditional medi- cal systems, such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, in which herbal 4) ... was used. Researchers have found that people in different parts of the world 5) ... to use the same or similar plants for the same purposes. Jv B. Herbalism 2 PHYSICAL, MODIFICATION, HERB, (CHEMISTRY, UNHEALTHY In the early 19th century, when 1)... analysis first became available, sci- entists began to extract and 2) ... the active ingredients from plants. Later, chem ists began making their own version of plant compounds and, over time. the use of 3) ... medicines declined in favour of drugs. Almost one fourth of pharmaceutical drugs are derived from plant extracts. Recently, the World Health Organisation estimated that 80 % of people worldwide rely on herbs for some part of their primary 4)... care. In Germany, about 600—700 ee medicines are available and are prescribed by some 70 % of Ger- man 5)... V/ C. Brighten Your Smile 1 SOFT, MULTIPLE, ACID, HARMLESS, MISTAKEN Brushing your teeth when you get up is very important. Most people make the 1) «. of having breakfast first, but eating or drinking anything 2) .. such as fruit juice or a sugary cereal 3)... the enamel of your teeth, so youll effectively be brushing it away. But the most important time to brush is be- fore you go to bed. You produce the least amount of saliva then and 4) ... bacteria will have more time to 5)... as you sleep. 12 D. Brighten Your Smile 2 WHITE, ESSENCE, BREATH E, SOLVE, DAY Dentists agree that brushing your tongue should be an 1)... part of your 2)... cleaning routine. Bacteria stay in micro cracks, contributing to gum di- sease and bad 3)... . A quick scrub ‘with your toothbrush is OK, but a tongue scraper will do the job much better. ‘Also remember that teeth have a porous surface and can be stained by dark foods. If yours are already discoloured, wive tea and coffee a wide berth. 4) ... toothpastes offer a short-term 5) ... to surface stains. £. Health Care at School UNSYMPATHETIC, EDUCATE, CARE, EMERG ENT, EQUIP We keep avery 1)... eye on pupils’ health. Tf more than 2)... and a strip of plaster are needed, the school has its own well-3) .. 5 24 hour-a-day medical wing, and our nursing, sisters hold three surgeries every day. The school doc- {or is always on call for 4) ... and attends morning surgery on a regular basis. We also run a health 5) ... programme at all levels of the curriculum. F. Cardiovascular Disease 1 SMOKER} OBESE) ILLNESS, DEAD, PHYSICAL Cardiovascular disease, which includes heart disease and stroke, remains one of the main causes of 1)... and 2) ... health in the UK- Important risk {actors for heart disease include 3)... , high blood pressure, high blood cho- lesterol and type 2 diabetes. Eating a healthy diet, being 4) ... active, not 5) ... and not drinking alcohol can all help to reduce the risk of CVD. G. Cardiovascular Disease 2 ETHNIC, TAKE, WEIGH, ADVISE, MAINTENANCE There are also a number of other risk factors for CVD, such as age. gender, 1)... and family history of the disease. Practical food-based 2) ... to reduce the tisk of CVD remains consistent with general ‘healthy eating” guidelines. These include to 3) .. a healthy body 4) .., eat 5 or more portions of fruit and vegetables every day, reduce the 5) .. of salt and eat at least two pottions of fish each week. \ AM, Cortisol V PRESS, ABNORMAL, BREATH, ACCUMULATOR, IMMUNITY When you're under 1) ..., your cortisol level increases rapidly to provide the body with a quick dose of energy. Chronic stress, however, can keep your cortisol elevated continuously — a dangerous state, since the hormone can 13suppress the 2) ... system and has been linked to the 3) ... of abdominal fat. What can you do? When T’m stressed, I close my eyes and 4) ... deeply for two to three minutes with one hand on my chest and the other on my belly; my chest stays still while my abdomen rises and falls. As you calm down, your cortisol should drop to 5) ... levels. 1. How Women Listen EXCLUDE, ADD, LISTENER, SAY, SPEAK Researchers at the Indiana University School of Medicine used MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, machines to monitor brain activity while men and women 1)... to a passage from a John Grisham novel. While most of the men showed activity 2) ... on the left side of the brain, typically associated with listening and 3)... . most of the women showed 4) ... activity on the right side, associated with creativity and expressiveness. This could be why wo- men are usually credited with “hearing” what's left 5) ... ina conversation. / \.Have a Good Laugh VISITOR, INEFFECT! IVE, LAUGH, RELIEF, INFECT Did you know that 1)... really can be a great remedy for all kinds of con- ditions? Researchers say that it can help with conditions including diabetes. eczema, heart disease and asthma. It can also boost the immune system, help to fight 2)... , burn calories and 3) ... pain. According to an Oxford study, it can even have a positive 4) ... on rheumatoid arthritis for up to 12 hours. So watch your favourite television comedy. 5) «.- @ comedy club or spend time with people who make you laugh. A. Alternative Medicine 1 POPULAR, FLOWERY, ACCEPT, HERB, RELY, PLANTATION, CHEMISTRY, USAGE ‘Alternative medicine is gaining 1) .. in Britain today. What seemed cranky and 2) ... a mere 25 years ago is now completely 3) ... to many people. 4)... medicine is most widely used. It involves using a plant's seeds. berries, roots, leaves, bark, or 5)... - Remedies made from 6) ... were the first cures ever 7)... , and now many people are turning to them rather than taking yet more 8)... medicines. B. Alternative Medicine 2 og ae TRADITION, MEDITATE, RIDDANCE, INCURABLE, SPECIAL, EAST, INEFFECTIVE, GOVERN Acupuncture, an ancient 1) ... art, is widely available. Many people go {o acupuncture practitioners when, for example, they wish to give up smo- king. A small pin is inserted into both earlobes in order to 2) ... the patient of the desire to smoke. Cynics may say that they are 3)... by a form of faith- healing, not by acupuncture itself, However, many ex-smokers sweat that it worked for them. 4) ... . massage and even reflexology are all taught on 5)... accredited courses in Britain. Those who doubt their 6) ... should take note of the fact that 7) ... doctors now regularly refer patients to these 8)... and that many brand name medicines are based on ancient cures. / ‘C. Love Your Heart and Get More Sleep HEIGHTEN, INSIGNIFICANT, COMPARISON, DEVELOPMENT, PRESS, AGEISM, SUFFICE, SLEEPY Too little sleep may increase your tisk of developing 1)... blood pressure, according to a report in Hypertension, a journal of the American Heart As- sociation, earlier this year. ‘Around one quarter of people 2) -.. from 32 to 59 who 3)... for five or fewer hours a night 4) ... hypertension, 5) «+ with 12 % of those who got seven or eight hours. “Sleep allows the heart to slow down and blood pressure to drop for a 6) ... part of the day,” says Dr James Gang- wisch, lead author of the study at Columbia University. “However, people who get 7) .. amounts of sleep raise their average 24-hour blood 8) ... and heart rate.” D. Love Your Heart and Drink Less Coffee DRINK, FINDING, UNLIMITED, TAKE, RESEARCH, ENABLE, CONSUMER, REVEL. ATION Coffee 1) ... got some welcome news recently when a study in Circula- Jion, another journal of the American Heart Association, 2) ... that Jong-term caffeine 3) ... might not increase the risk of heart disease. 4) ... analysed consumption in more than 128,000 subjects, and 5) ... no link between the amount they drank and the risk of disease. However, experts can’t seem to {ree whether caffeine is good or bad news — another recent study showed {hat just two cups of coffee prior to a gym workout reduced the body’s 6) ww {o boost blood flow to the heart during exercise. The verdict? 7)... your 8) {o three cups a day.{ \/ E.No Smoking ACTIVE, FREEDOM, ADDICT, LIKE, LINKER, ASSOCIATION, HABITUAL, WITHDRAW Smoking has long been 1) ... with depression, though it’s a chicken- or-egg scenario. People who are depression-prone may be more 2)... to take up the 3)... . However, nicotine is known to affect neurotransmitter 4) ... in the brain, resulting in higher levels of dopamine and serotonin, which is also the mechanism of action for antidepressant drugs. This may explain the 5)... nature of the drug, and the mood swings that come with 6)... ,as well as why depression is 7) ... with giving up smoking. Avoiding cigarettes and staying, smoke 8) ... could help balance your brain chemicals. H. Ghrelin and Leptin LOW, OPPOSITION, EAT, HUNGER, NEAR, REDUCE, HABIT, RECOGNITION Stomach growling? Thank ghrelin. Produced in the stomach, ghrelin cues the brain that you're 1)... . After you eat, leptin swoops in to tell the brain t of syne, you may lose the ability you're full. If these two hormones fall out (o 2) .. when your need for food is satisfied and 3) ... as a result. What can you do? Try your best to get a full night's sleep. A Stanford University study found that 4) ... sleep restriction (five hours a night as 5) ... to eight) raised a person’s ghrelin levels by 6)... 15 percent, 7)... leptin levels by 15.5 percent, and was directly associated with increased body weight. Other research has chown that exercise and stress 8) ... may help keep ghrelin levels in check. \’ F.Common Cold FREQUENCY, VIRUS, RECOVERY, RESPIRATION, RUN, IMPROVEMENT, WATER, HARM The common cold is a 1) ... infection of your upper 2) ... tract — your nose and throat. A common cold is usually 3) ... . although it may not feel that way at the time. If it’s not a 4) ... nose, sore throat and cough, it’s the 5) ... eyes, sneezing and congestion — or maybe all of the above. In fact, because any one of more than 100 viruses can cause a common cold, signs and symptoms tend to vary greatly. Preschool children are at greatest risk of 6) ... colds, but even healthy adults can expect to have a few colds each year. Most people 7) ... from a common. cold in about a week or two. If symptoms don’t 8)... . see your doctor. / |. Doctors Without Borders 1 ARM, NUTRITION, HUMANITY, SURVIVE, JOURNAL, NATIONAL, DEPENDENCE, ASSIST Doctors Without Borders, or Médecins Sans Frontiéres (MSF), is an in- ternational medical 1) ... organisation created by doctors and 2)... in France in 1971. Today, MSF works in nearly 70 countries providing medical aid ty those most in need regardless of their race, religion, or political affili lion. MSF provides independent, impartial 3) ... in more than 60 countries to people whose 4) ... is threatened by violence. neglect. or catastrophe, due to war, epidemics, 5)... , exclusion from health care, or natural disasters. As an organisation, MSF is neutral, It does not take sides in 6) ... conflicts, only provides care on the basis of need, and pushes for increased 7) ... access to Victims of conflict as required under 8)... law. /G. Headache CHRONICALLY, BLEED, PAINFUL, CHEMISTRY, ANXIOUS, PRODUCTION, STRANGER, PRESS If you think about it, it’s 1) ... that headaches even exist. The brain itself | can’t feel 2)... , so where does it come from? Experts now think surrounding tissues, brain chemicals. 3) ... vessels, and nerves 4)... the pain signals. All in all, there are 14 headache types. The most common type of headache usually feels like a constant aching or 5) ... -rather than throbbing — on both sides of the head or at the back of the head and neck. Triggers can include stress, 6)... , bad posture, and clenching your jaw, and these headaches can become 7)... , although they usually aren't severe. Experts aren’t sure of exact cause, although it may be due to altered brain 8) ... or mixed signals in the nerves leading to the brain. J. Doctors Without Borders 2 JUST, DEVELOPMENT, PROFESSION, MISLEAD, VICTIMISE, RECEPTION, DISASTROUS, DENIAL The organisation’s name is slightly 1) ... , as it’s not just doctors in the field, but a vast array of medical 2) ... such as nurses. midwives, epidemiolo- gists and laboratory technicians. MSF’s work has put them in the midst of armed conflict, epidemics and natural 3)... , but the organisation can also be {ound in 4)... countries, places where children are severely malnourished and Jarge segments of the population are 5) ... any form of health care. At times, MSF has spoken out against 6) ... its workers have seen, particularly when the access to 7) ... of conflicts and catastrophes was restricted. In 1999, MSF 8) ... the Nobel Peace Prize. 178. Opiates are highly ... drugs, producing long Jasting and tough addic- jons to treat. (addict) = 4 9. Certain ... can cause dizziness. (medicine) 10, The disease causes shortness of 2. , a breathe, persist) F 11. Eating patterns can affect weight . stive technique. (lose) cough and chest pains. A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. _. but cutting calories is the most 1. Some scientists claim that human ... is achievable in the first few de- cades of the 21st century. (mortal) 2. Sir Frederick Grant Banting discovered insulin, using it to treat the previously ... and fatal disease diabetes. (cure) 3. The sleeping ... causes people to fall asleep suddenly and ... . (order, expect) 4, The speakers argued that eating in public was ...and led to diseases like cholera. (hygiene) 5. A... is a permanent injury, illness, or physical or mental condition that tends to restrict the way that someone can live their life. (able) 6. Sitting or remaining ... for most of the day can contribute to many pre- ventable causes of death. (activity) 7, In some cases, the drug may cause ... heart rhythms that can be fatal. (normal) 8. While it is true that some otherwise ... mushrooms can be made safe by special preparation, many toxic species cannot be made toxin-free. (edible) 9... leads to ... and if doctor cannot trust what a patient is telling him, he cannot be effective. (honest, trust) 10. A health ... creates a chain reaction in your body that affects you physically, mentally. emotionally. (balanced) A. Belarusian Cuisine 1 COOK, DOMINATE, TYPE, LENGTH, EVOLVE Modern Belarusian 1) ... is based on old national traditions which have undergone a 2) + historical 3) ... . But the main methods of traditional Be- Jarusian cuisine are carefully kept by the people. It shares the same roots with cuisines of other Eastern and Northem European countries, based 4) «. on incat and various vegetables 5) -. of the region. B. Belarusian Cuisine 2 SIMILARITY, INTRODUCTION, HOSPITALITY, DOUBT, UNIQUEN' ESS invite you to a home table to treat you, as they Yet, restaurants, cafes and bars are also ready to Russian and Ukrainian JV B. Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. We wished him a ... recovery. (speed) 2. A... is a person whose job is to do hair styling, manicures, and other beauty treatments. (beautifiul) Under the law, large employers are required to provide health... to full- time workers. (insure) 4, My ... is failing, and I can’t see to read any more. (see) 5. When you... . you lose blood from your body as a result of ... or illness. (blood, injured) 6. Eczema is a common skin ... which often runs in families. (complain) 7. Drivers younger than 26 cause the most auto ... . .-- of alcohol con- sumption. (fatal, regard) 1) ««. Belarusians will 2) « vay. ‘to what God has sent us ; to 3). you to Belarusian cuisine. It is quite 4) .. ones, ihough some of its dishes are absolutely 5) C. Belarusian Cuisine 3 CERTAIN, CONTINUATION. GRATER, RECOMMENDATION, STUFF ; As for soups, we 1) ... ‘kholodnik” (especially in summer) and nutritious . : tatoes. Belarusians are syatghar, but the king of the Tocal cuisine is 2) -= pote i iliches from them! First of all, of course, itis able to prepare unbelievable 18 19‘draniki’ that are quite special pancakes made of 3) ... potitoes that can also be 4) ... with mushrooms, meat or berries, Potatoes may also be stewed in a pot, baked in an oven, with mushrooms, vegetables and bacon == there is no need to 5)... the list, because in Belarus we even have potato jam! D. Bulbianka with Meat WHIP, ADDITION, MIX, BAKERY, GREA! You will need: 8 potatoes, 200 g pork stuffing, 3 eggs, 2 onions, | cupful milk, 3 tbisps butter, fat, salt. Boil the potatoes, mash them 1)... hot milk, butter and eggs. Put half of the mashed potatoes to a fryingepan 2)... with fat. Cover the potatoes with the meat stuffing mixed with browned onions and put a layer of the remaining potatoes on top. Smooth the 3)... , cover with 4) ... eggs and 5) ... in the oven, E. What British People Eat 1 NECESSARY, REFERENCE, COMMON, SWEE REGARDLESS Although it is sometimes poetically 1) ... to as ‘the staff of life’, bread is not an accompaniment to every meal. It is not even normally on the table at either lunch or the evening meal. It is most 2)... eaten, with butter and almost anything else, for a snack, either as a sandwich or as toast (a British house- hold 3) ... toasting facilities as a basic 4) ...). On the other hand, the British use a lot of flour for making pastry dishes, both savoury and 5)... , normally called ‘pies’, and for making cakes. F, What British People Eat 2 DIETARY, FORMAL, COMPANY, PRESERVATION, BAS! A ‘fry-up’ is a phrase used 1) ... for several items fried together. The most common items are eggs, bacon, sausages, tomatoes, mushrooms, and even bread. It is not always 2) ... by ‘chips’ (the normal British word for French fried potatoes). The British eat rather a lot of fried food. Eggs are a 3)... part of most people’s 4) ... . They are either fried, soft-boiled and eaten out of an ‘egg-cup’, hard-boiled or poached (steamed). Cold meats are not very popu- lar. To many British people, 5) ... meats are typically ‘Continental’. G. The Silent Complaint 1 PLEASE, APPETITE, EDIBLE, WRITE, ATTEND Most English. people, faced with 1) ... or even 2) ... food, are too embar- rassed to complain at all. Complaining would be ‘making a scene’, "making 20 a fuss’ or ‘drawing 3) ... to oneself” in public — all forbidden by the 4) ... rules. It would involve a confrontation, an emotional engagement with an- other human being, which is 5) ... and uncomfortable and is to be avoided if. at all possible. ane Silent Complaint 2 COMPANY, POLITENESS, POVERTY, ACTUAL, INDIGNATION English customers may moan 1) ... to their 2)... , push the offending food to the side of their plate and pull disgusted faces at each other, but when the waiter asks if everything is all right they smile 3) ... , avoiding eye contact, and mutter, “Yes, fine, thanks.’ Standing in a slow queue at a pub or café food counter, they sigh heavily, fold their arms, tap their feet and look pointedly at their watches, but never 4) ... complain. They will not go back to that establishment, and will tell all their friends how awful it is, but the 5) ... pub or restaurant owner will never even know that there was anything not quite right. Toad-in-the-Hole SERVER, FREEZE, ORIGINAL, HOT, DISPUTABLE Toad-in-the-Hole is a traditional English dish consisting of sausages in Yorkshire pudding batter, usually 1) ... with vegetables and onion ry. The 2)... of the name ‘Toad-in-the-Hole’ is often 3) ... . The recipe itself is rather simple but requires some skill to cook perfectly. A pan is placed in the oven and 4) ... for about 15 minutes while the batter is prepared. The sausages and batter are added and cooked for half an hour. With 5) ... sausages, the meat is placed in the dish while heated. /J. Blue Cheese NATURE, MOISTURE, RIPE, SPICE, GROWTH Maytag Blue is produced at the Maytag Dairy Farms in Newton, Iowa. This 1) ... cheese is created in caves and cellars built into the side of a hill where 2) ... moulds and yeasts 3) ... . In this temperature-controlled environ- ment Maytag Blue slowly 4) ... over a period of six months. Maytag Blue has a dense, crumbly texture. As it melts in your mouth, you taste a 5) ... flavour with a final bite.Sa Te \/ A.Just Eat DELIVER, PROVISION, ABLE, CASHIER, OPPORTL SERVE, ADDITION, ENTRANC Just-Eat is an online takeaway ordering 1) ... . The website 2) ... users to 3) ... their postcode and search through a list of 4) ... restaurants that can deliver to the area. Customers can view the restaurant’s menu, 5) ... items to an order basket and pay for their order via a debit or credit card online or 6)... when the delivery arrives. A review and rating system 7) ... customers with the 8) ... to leave positive or negative comments for individual restaurants and read other customers’ reviews. \/__B. How to Cook Polenta MOVE, REQUIREMENT, CONTINUE, SURE, GRADUAL, REDUCTION, THICK, SEASONING Pour 3 cups of water into a heavy-based pan with | teaspoon of salt. Bring to the boil. 1) ... pour in 150g of instant polenta, whisking 2) ... to 3)... no lumps form. 4) ... heat and continue cooking over a medium heat. Keep stirring for about 6-7 minutes until the mixture has 6) ... and is smooth. Use a spoon to stir your polenta in circular and figure-eight 7) ... in the pan. 8) ... with pepper and add | tablespoon of olive oil. Use as 8) .. \/ C. Basil COOKER, WIDE, FRAGRANCE, PERFECTION, VARY, INTENSIFY, STORAGE, OWNER Basil is one of the most 1) ... -used herbs it in the world. There are more than 60 different 2) ... of it, each with its 3) ... distinct flavour. Larger leaves are sweeter, purple-leaved basil is especially 4) ... , while Thai-type basil 5) ... complements fish, beef and curries. Sweet basil, the most common, is easy to 6)... and is great for pesto. For the most 7) ... flavour, basi! should be added at the end of the 8) ... process. ' D. Slow Food AWARE, PLEASE, CONSUMPTION, FOUNDATION, be ‘ENCE, CHOOSE, APPEAR, RESPONSIBILITY Since it was 1) ... more than 20 years ago, Slow Food has 2) ... small- scale traditional food producers and raised 3) ... among 4) ... . Its aim is to 22 create a more 5) ... food system, based on the 6) ... and sharing of good, clean and fresh food. Slow Food was established in 1989 to oppose the rise of fast food and fast life. the 7) ... of local food traditions and people’s dwindling interest in the food they eat, where it comes from, how it tastes and how our food 8) ... affect the rest of the world. \_#. Be a Good Guest in Egypt DERN) E, FILLING, GENEROUS, APPRECIATE, PERCEPTION, BEHAVE, UNNECESSARY, COMPLIMENTARY Food is definitely part of the Egyptian expression of hospitality and 1)... . Now is a good time to think about how you personally 2) ... food and what is appropriate social eating 3) ... . First, being a good guest requires you to show 4) ... for the food offered to you. How do you do this? By eating. You greatly 5) ... your host by returning for more food, so plan ahead. 6) ... your plate once is an almost absolute 7) Going back twice is even better, but once is certainly enough if you can’t possibly hold any more food. More than twice is 8)... too much, however. F. Dine With Style EXCEPT, PERSON, Cm AE bassios aN E, IMAGINATION, REPUTABLE. Bi Dine With Stvle has a 1) ... as the finest caterer in Bath. 2) ... about food, flavour and 3) ... we provide outstanding 4) ... for corporate functions, events, weddings and 5) ... parties. We provide 6) ... food, delicate flavours and ex- quisite presentation. Whatever your event, be it corporate or candle lit, under cover or in the fresh air, we are 7) ... caterers with a 8) ... touch, G. Cooking’s Cool Guna INDUSTRIAL, OWNER, WEALTHY, EDUCATE, SURE, INSPIRATION, OPERATION, EXPERIENCE Cooking 8 Cool is a family-1) ... business located in Everton Park, Bris- bane, and is 2)... by Diane — an 3) ... Executive Chef who has turned her talents into a home business. With over twenty years in the 4) ... , Di has a 5)... of experience and a passion to 6) ... younger generation. With two lovely children of her own, Di decided to open up her own cooking school. to the general public, that features a professional kitchen and associated facili- ties to 7)... your child has an 8) ... and a good time learning to cook.\/ H.Lemonade Diet FORTUNE, NUTRITION, POPULAR, LOSE, ORIGIN, DEVELOPMENT, EASY, PROPER” The Lemonade Diet has been around for more than 50 years, but its 1)... soared a few years ago. Tt was 2) ... by the late Stanley Burroughs as a detoxication and fasting program. 3) ... intended to rid the body of toxins and internal wastes brought on by “4) ... diet, lack of exercise, and nega- tive mental attitude,” it’s now also touted as a quick weight 5) ... plan. The severe plan, consisting of nothing more than a lemon juice concoction, is supposed to “help you lose up to 20 pounds, look younger, 6) ... chronic pain and boost your energy levels in 10 days.” 7) ... , this kind of diet can also be dangerous to your health. Nutritionists point out that the diet plan is deficient in all the essential 8) ... : calories, vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and fat. 1, Fast Food Hazard STARVE, CONTAINER, ya 0) DEVELOPMENT, DIE, ESSENC! ‘ Most children enjoy eating fast food, but scientific tests have shown us that burgers and pizzas can lack 1) ... vitamins and minerals which are nec- essary for health and growth, while simultaneously 2) ... large amounts of fat and carbohydrates which can result in 3) ... and heart problems. Many children end up suffering from 4) ... , since they eat too much of the wrong sort of food. In many areas of the 5) ... world, a lot of children show similar symptoms to those in poorer developing countries, where 6) ... of food causes thousands of 7)... from 8)... - J. Organic Meat and Dairy BEHAVE, VACCINE, paneee, Fi PRIMARY DOOR, ACCHESTB ee T Organic meat, dairy products, and eggs are produced from animals that are 1) ... organic fodder and allowed 2)... to the 3) ... . They must be kept in the conditions that are necessary for the natural 4) ... of the animals. Cows must have access to pasture. Organic livestock and poultry may not be given antibiotics, hormones, or medications in the 5) ... of illness; how- ever, they may be 6) ... against disease. Livestock diseases and parasites are controlled 7) ... through rotational grazing, balanced diet, sanitary housing, and stress 8)... . V K. Table Manners aTedseto Snes, eewapnben, BEERAVAL. TEMPORARY, DINNER, FOLD, CONSIDER, PLEASE, WAIT, SIGNIFY From the beginning of time, the act of eating together has had a 1) ... social 2) ... . Nowhere is a lack of training more quickly 3) ... than at the table. As soon as you are seated, 4)... your napkin and place it on your lap. If you need to leave the table 5) ... , you may leave the napkin in your chair as a signal to the 6) ... that you will be returning. This is also a7)... for the other 8) ... who won't have to look at your soiled napkin on the table! a A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. Wet fish is fish that is sold fresh and ... , and not frozen or dried. (cook) 2. Itis ... to buy food in the street, especially in summer. (advice) 3. The service was slow and the waiter’s familiarity was ... , So we left without paying. (accept) 4. Some children are a challenge, especially when they ... in public plac es. (behaviour) 5. To my ... , the restaurant was overbooked and we had to spend the evening at home. (appoint) 6. The taste of the cheese was bitter and ... sharp. (agreeable) 7. Michael was ... about what dessert to order. (decide) 8. | ... all kinds of dishes containing onions. (like) 9. Coconut milk can also serve as the base of non-dairy ice creams for lac- lose ... ice cream lovers. (tolerate) 10, Pork is an ... meat for Muslims. (cleanliness) 11. It is too easy just to ... frozen suppers in the microwave and eat in {ront of the TV. (frost) B. Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. |. The study calculated that replacing weekly fruit juice ... with whole (ruits could bring health benefits. (consume)2. The sell-by date on a food ... is the date by which the food should be sold or eaten. (contain) 3. For my birthday Mother baked a cake with yellow ... . (ice) 4. ... vegetables that have spent too much time in the oven won't look ap- petising, no matter how they are plated. (cook) 5, My favourite ... book is “Appetite” by Nigel Slater. (cooker) 6. Eating can also make you ... , and so can waking up in the morning. (thirst) 7. People can become infected after eating raw or undercooked meat. (cook) : a eae cana > proteins and fats are called ... because they provide the fuel your body needs. (nutrition) 9. Bring the cream and milk to boiling point in a pan, then whisk gradu- ally into the egg ... . (mix) : 10. Guar gum also is used in the food industry to ... products like ice cream. (thick) i \Y AB.Wedding Cake INTRODUCTION, EMPEROR, CUSTOMARY, EVOLUTION, SERVICE Wedding cakes are a time-honoured tradition dating back to the Roman 1)... . The meaning of the traditional wedding cake, as well as its contents and style, has 2) ... over the course of history. First a loaf of specially made wed- ding bread was broken over the head of the bride during the ceremony. This 3) ... was replaced by a kissing ceremony in medieval England. During the ceremony, the guests would put small cakes into a pile and the bride and groom would kiss each other over it. During the 17" century the bride’s pie was 4) ... to guests, and the modern wedding cake was 5)... in the 19® century, B. Jumping the Broom SYMBOL, INCREASE, IMPROBABLE, RESPECT, WOOD This is a time-honoured ceremony dating back to the 1600s and derived from Africa. It also has roots in the Celtic culture. The act 1) ... a new be- 26 ginning and sweeping the past away. It can also signify the joining of two families or offer a 2) ... nod to family ancestors. For all of these reasons, jumping the broom is an 3) ... popular part of many modern weddings. To- day's wedding brooms. however, are a far cry from those first used in jum- ping the broom ceremonies. They’re still made with a 4) ... handle and natu- ral bristles, but they're kept as treasured keepsakes and are 5) ... never used to sweep the floor. /. / C. Slow Parenting LIKE, PRESS, EDUCATION, RELAX, PRACTISE British journalist Carl Honoré started a trend with his 2008 book, “Un- der 1) ... : Rescuing Our Children from the Culture of Hyper-Parenting.” But 2) ... other popular parenting titles that advocated organised activities and 3) ... opportunities for kids, Honoré supports so-called “slow parenting,” which argues that today’s kids need more free time. Rather than planning piles of play dates and ballet 4) ... . slow parenting advises keeping family calendars sparse to allow for 5) ... and quality time together. “D. Peer Pressure RISK, ADOPTION, UNLIKE, WAKE, PARENTAL Everyone talks about peer pressure on teenagers, but how bad is it? Odds are, it’s not as bad as most 1) ... think. They may lie 2)... at night worrying about what other kids will force their children to do. But when we talk to young people, they tell us this kind of peer pressure is extremely rare. Teens rarely force each other to try 3) ... things. Instead, friends play a more subtle role in your child’s decisions. Teens are more 4) ... to hang out with other teens that do the same things. Often they feel internal pressure to do the things that they think their peers are doing. they 5) ... a new dress code and lingo to fit in with friends. ’ E, Peer Pressure 2 ESTABLISHMENT, INHUMAN, ADOLESCENCE, JUDGE, MISBEHAVE 1) ... are particularly vulnerable to peer pressure because they are at a stage of development when they are separating more from their parents” influence, but have not yet 2)... their own values or understanding about 3)... relationships or the consequences of their 4) .... They also want to get social acceptance at this stage, and may be willing to engage in behaviour that will allow them to be accepted but that is against their better 5)... . 27N F. Getting Kids to Cooperate 1 V/ BORE, SATISFY, SOLUTION, PART, ARGUE Getting children to do household chores is one of the most common 1) ... families have. The reason kids don’t like doing chores is that household tasks are generally 2)... - Let’s face it, the 3) . of getting the dishes done is not avery big, reward in this day and age. While that doesn’t mean kids shouldn't do chores, it does help to 4) -.. explain why they resist them. Another big reason is because children feel that they are taken away from something they would like to do in order to do something that is not so exciting. And most kids don’t 5) ... that problem by using their time more efficiently to complete tasks quickly. G. Getting Kids to Cooperate 2 TRRESPONSIBLE, EFFECT, BELIEF, MOTIVE, SIMPLE 11)... that parents real ly have to learn how to stop the show, If your child is not doing his chores, you 2) top everything, tell him to have a seat and talk to him about it. Ask him what he thinks is going on. Find out what his plans are after he’s finished and try to 3)... him toward getting the work done so that he can do what he really enjoys doing. Appealing to a child’s interests- wither than explaining the abstract concept of 4) ... or duty — is generally much more 5)... - H. Living with Parents 1 LATELY, GENERATION, ROMANCE, SPACE, JOINT How do you buy a 1). family home when money is tight? 2) ... forces with the grandparents and double your budget. The thought of three genera- tions living under the same roof strikes different people in different ways. To some, it represents a 3) .. ideal of family life, a throwback to the good old days, when grandparents were regarded as elders of the tribe. To others, it is a living hell, as inter-4) ... conflicts about rollerblades and the 5) ... loudest rap music are inevitable. ing with Parents fs FINANCE, ENTHUSE, ENTER, BRAVERY, ASSUMPTION Yet some 1) ... groups are proving that multi-generational living cannot only be good for the individuals involved, but also be advantageous D) jose «TO succeed, work out in advance what space will be shared and what will belong exclusively to you or your parents. Also, buy a property with separate 3) ... for both generations, if possible. Sharing at least one meal a week can bind the 28 household together. And don’t tell your favourite mother-in-law jokes if she is under the same roof. But if your spouse is less 4) ... about living with parents than you are, don’t just 5)... they will come around to your way of thinking. J. Aboriginal Family 1 KIN, MARRY, DEFINITION, OUTSIDE, OBLIGATORY Australian aborigines have complex social and 1) ... laws, based on the grouping of people within their society. They also have a complex 2) «+ SYS~ tem where everyone is related to everyone else. The value of this system is that it structures people’s relationships. 3) ... and behaviour towards each other, and this in turn defines such matters as, who will look after children if a parent dies, who can marry whom, who is responsible for another per- son’s debts or misdeeds, and who will care for the sick and the old. When Aborigines accept an 4) ... into their group, they have to name that person in relation to themselves, to allow that person to fit into their society. This is because they need to have in their own minds the relation of that person to themselves, and that person must have a clearly 5)... social position. K. Aboriginal Family 2 TENSE, INDIRECT, OPERATION, CLOSE, APPLICATION In Indigenous Australian society everything is dependent on 1) within the family so the rules have to be followed very 2)... . In western society the relationship with the mother-in-law is a subject for humour. Jokes are made about the difficulty of it. In Indigenous Australian society a custom bans a person from talking 3) ... to their mother-in-law. This rule 4) ... to both men and women. To make this rule work, communication takes place via a third person. This relationship was made non-verbal so that relatives could avoid 5) ... because of spending too much time together. A. Family Time CHILDHOOD, ACT, ACTUAL, VITALITY, SUPPOSE, CARE, GUARDIAN, INVITE ‘Time spent with your family is always precious, even more so if you have little of it. The best way of making your family time count is to 1)... it 2)... AS Vour 3) «. grow you'll find there are ever-increasing and conflicting demands 29‘on everyone's time. 4) ... ‘free” time can be taken up with party 5)... . friends dropping by, phone calls and must-watch TV programmes. You'll soon find that if you don’t fence off some time to spend as a family, it won’t happen. The secret is to plan ahead and make clear to everyone what you're planning. Don’t worry if you haven’t 6) ... decided where you're going on Saturday afternoon. The 7)... first step is to find a few hours for a family 8) ... . B. Large Families OBVIOUS, ATTEND, MATURE, INTERACT, ASSIST, CONTRIBUTION, GROWTH, OCCURRENCE Children of large families 1) ... experience different conditions from those in smaller or one child families. Children in larger families have the advantage of having relationships with siblings. These relationships and 2) ... give them the opportunity to have companionship, emotional support and 3) ... while they are 4) ... up. Children in larger families often experience rivalry and may need to fight for parents 5) ... . The positive interactions that 6) ... between siblings 7) ... to moral 8) ... and competence in making friends with other children. C. Permissive Parents LIKE, BEHAVE, LOSE, HEALTH, ACTIVE, CARELESS, SOCIAL, REQUIREMENT One of the problems with permissive parenting is that children do need 1)... limits and expectations not only to learn appropriate 2) ... for function- ing as amember of 3)... but also to feel valued and 4)... for. Often, over time, children of permissive parents suffer a 5)... of self-esteem because there is no one to ask about their grades at school or help them with homework. 6) ... , children feel like an important part of a functional unit — the family unit — when they are held to a higher standard and are 7) ... to be part of it through chores or routine bedtimes or other structured family 8) ... . Permissive par- ents, in their desire to be everything to their children, have very little to offer that a peer at school can’t. D. Family Traditions 1 BIRTH, UNITE, GENERATE, MEMORISE, INCORPORATION, CREATURE, SECURE, WARM Traditions are little rituals passed down from previous 1) ... that help shape your family by creating a sense of 2) ... , 3) ... and closeness. They create 4) ... that fill your mind with peace, love, happiness, and 5) ... . But what do you do if your family doesn’t have many traditions? Well, you 6) ... 30 them of course! Why not let it be you? There are so many traditions that you can 7)... into your family. I grew up spending every 8) ... with my family, decorating eggs at Easter, carving the pumpkin at Halloween and opening stockings on Christmas morning. E. Family Traditions 2 DISCUSSION, INITIATE, ADDITIVE, REQUIREMENT, IMPORTANCE, EXTRAVAGANCE, GRATEFULNESS, DIFFERENT Traditions don’t have to be 1) ... , intense or 2)... a lot of planning. They can be as simple as reading to your child every night in the same comfy chair, having a movie and pizza night every Friday or 3)... things you are 4) ... for around the dinner table each evening, Traditions are the glue that ke family together. We all have very busy lifestyles, and 5) ... a small tradition here or there can make all the 6) ... to your family. So take 7)... . get creative, make it happen and most 8) ... have fun! F. Generation Gap Opinion CONTENTMENT, APPEAR, LUXURIOUS, MODESTY, PURSUE, DIGNIFY, CONSUME, ACHIEVEMENT In the last few years the increase in dating, discos and technological advances has come up in a big way. So have 1) ... and materialism. And many teenagers are no longer 2) ... with living life with a 3) ... budget, they want to enjoy all the life’s 4) ... to the fullest. On the positive side, they are willing to work hard to 5) their aims, but on the negative side, the single-minded 6) ... of success doesn’t leave much time for family and important things in life such as respect, sense of belonging and the need to protect and support the ones that brought you up. Overall, the world is greving fast but the respect and 7) ... traditionally associated with old age are 8)... from the minds of the young at a very fast rate. And old age means everyone. No one is going to be young forever. G. Teen Time DECIDE, ADULT, IDENTIFY, CONFUSE, ACCEPTANCE, DISTANT, EXTREME, COMFORT Being a teen means struggling with 1) ... and self-image. So, being 2) ... by friends feels 3) ... important. Teens also may wish to have, for the first time, some 4) ... from parents and family. They may feel they want to be on their own and make their own 5)... . but it can also seem overwhelming and even a bit lonely at times. Although this time is fun and exciting, it also can be a time of 6) ... and conflict. It can take a while for teens — and their fami- lies — to feel 7) ... with the transition between childhood and 8) . 31H. Family History BEAR, COMPILATION, SENSOR, PRICE, GIVE, LIVE, DISCOVERY, CONVERSATION Each person that is 1) ... is granted the 2) ... of life by their parents. This is a link to their ancestors who lived before them. From the begin- ning of time people have 3) ... a need to belong. Besides, family history can be a 4) ... -changing experience. Learning about your ancestors can bring perspective and understanding to your own life. Through 5) ... your roots you become aware of who you are as a person. Through 6) ... with the older generation you will find a lot of interesting stories. Depending on where your research leads you — you will learn interesting informa- tion about other countries, too. 7) ... your family history is a 8) ... legacy for future generations. 1. Indian Family PERSONAL, ATTEND, LOYAL, DESIRE, OBLIGE, FINANCE, PRIOR, DISABILITY The traditional idea in Indian culture is to value and remain loyal to fam- ily above all else. This 1) ... can be used to help each other in all aspects of life. The family supports the old, takes care of widows, never-married adults and the 2) ... , assists during periods of unemployment and provides security and a sense of support and togetherness. Social interaction is regarded as be- ing of the highest 3) ... in Indian families, and social bonds are expected to be long-lasting. Even economic activities that in Western culture might involve 4)... interactions are deeply social in India. There are family-run businesses and one is expected to ask for and accept 5) ... help from family members when in need. All social interaction involves constant 6) ... to hierarchy, re- spect, honour, the feelings of others, rights and 7)... , hospitality, and gifts of food, clothing, and other 8) ... items. J. Chores for Children VIOLENCE, ESSENCE, AFFECT, ANXIOUS, COMPASSION, SAFE, HEALTH, PROMOTION Most experts agree that chores are good for children. For instance, par- enting expert and author Jim Fay calls chores for children 1)... . Here’s why. In addition to our needs for physical and emotional 2) ... , love and 3) ... , and 4) ... amounts of control, he says, we also all need to be needed. In her book, Raising 5) ... , Courageous Children in a 6) ... World, Janice Cohn, 32 shows that helping others not only 7) ... higher self-esteem, but increases academic and social skills while decreasing the risk of depression and 8) ... disorders. K. The Welsh Love Spoon AFFECT, PROTECT, DEMONSTRATION, INTRICATE, WEALTHY, ACCEPTANCE, RELATE, FORTUNATE The love spoon dates back to the seventeenth century when 1) ... carved wooden spoons began to be given as tokens of 2) ... in Wales. The young man would spend hours carving the spoon with his own hands, in the hope that the girl would 3)... it. If the girl accepted the spoon, she would 4) ... her interest in him and they would start a 5) ... . Many of the symbols to convey love have been used from the earliest spoons, and are familiar throughout Europe. For instance, a chain would mean a wish to be together forever, a diamond would mean 6) ... or good 7) ... , a cross would mean faith, a flower would mean affection, and a dragon would stand for 8)... . A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1, The whole family was ... for ... behaviour. (famous, social) 2. ... children didn’t use to have the same rights as the ones born to mar- ried parents. (legitimate) 3. Parents’ ... of their children’s behaviour and life choices can ruin their lives. (approve) 4. There is a huge difference between ... children and those merely ... to listen to their parents’ advice. (obey, will) 5. No matter how much you love your family, tensions and ... are bound to arise from time to time. (agree) 6. Young children mustn’t be left ... either at home or at public places. (attention) 7. He was ready to declare his ... love when the girl said she was ... to him. (die, different) 8. She was frequently left alone by her ... husband. (faith)9. Parents often worry that their children are ... , while in fact they are too ... to accept responsibilit 10. The twins have been .. B. Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. Mutual ... of each other’s shortcomings is a key to a happy ... . (accept, marry) 2. Sometimes one’s ... are the only people one can ... in. (parental, con- Sidence) 3. Many women have to juggle ... and a full-time job. (mother) 4. If parents are ... , children can fail to complete tasks without their ... . (protect, supervise) 5. Many people ... that getting a spouse can put them out of their ... , which later ... wrong, because sometimes marriage makes life more difficult, (belief, miserable, proof) 6. Traditional ... is especially characteristic of ... and religious ... . (bring, race, minor) 7. He ... a fortune after his grandmother’s ... . He was her only .... (heri- tage, die, heritage) 8. There are 7 million single-parent 9, ... are unavoidable when three .. in this country. (house) live under one roof. (argue, gene- rate) 10. Children usually have a strong ... to their ... parents. (resemble, bio- logy) 11. A Judas kiss is an act of ... , especially one disguised as a gesture of «+ (betray, friend) 12. Her deep ... of her sister was evident. (hate) 13. Children often feel ... when a new baby arrives. Gjeatousy) 14. ... parents tend to have ... children that take them for granted, (permit, gratitude) 15. They have done their best to keep their marriage ... , but long periods of ... have taken their toll. (live, separate) 34 HOMES AND HOUSES A. Country Life and City Living 1 CLOSE, OBSERVATION, PEACEFUL, ILLUMUNATION, SEE For Rob Penn, who moved from London to the Black Mountains, rural 1)... , sounds and. above all, communities beat the city any day. This is what he says: ‘To 2) ... the seasonal thythm so 3)... is deeply comforting. If ] ever had to go back to the city, I'd miss the countryside: significantly, there are things I couldn’t now live without — carrying logs into the house, the con- tinuous change in the landscape, buying goods from a local shop, the antique 4)... the sweet scent of high summer, walking the dogs down the track at night, listening to owls, the silver of the moonlight 5) ... the stream beneath the house, the community.’ B. Country Life and City Living 2 NEIGHBOURHOOD, HONEST, DIFFER, PREPARAT TON, LIKE In the city, you choose your community. It may be through work, your football team. a book club, your kids’ school or your peers. It’s 1) .... ho- wever, to include your 2)... . You may get in and out of three or four 3) ... communities in the course of a weekend, and still not know the name of 4 single person who lives in your street. In the countryside, your neighbours are your only community. My friend moved to the country 12 years ago, “knowing virtually no one,’ he said. ‘Now I know everyone. It’s a much more social place. People are far more 4) ... to share their lives, with 5)...” C. The English Garden 1 DWELL, CONSTRUCT, INSIST, TRONY, POLLUTE The English all want to live in their own private box with their own pri- vale green bit. Indeed, it is our 1) ... on the private green bit that is, 2)... , largely responsible for the 3) ... of ‘relentless green suburbs’ and all the en- vironmental damage and 4)... that they involve. The English simply will not live in flats or share courtyards like urban 5)... in other countries: we must Nave our private boxes and green bits. 35D.The English Garden 2 IMPORTANCE, SUBURBS, TREAT, IMAGINE, SIGNIFICANT However small, the green bit is at least as 1) ... as the box. Tiny scraps of land, which almost anywhere else in the world would be regarded as too 2) ... to bother with, are 3) ... as though they were grand country estates. Our moats and drawbridges may be 4) ... , but every Englishman’s castle has its miniature ‘grounds’. Take a typical, 5) ... or ‘residential-area’ street, with the usual two rows of smallish, semi-detached or terraced houses. Each house will usually have a tiny patch of garden at the front, and a larger green bit at the back. E. The English Garden 3 LIKE, SIGHT, OPPOSE, HEIGHT, NECESSITY The wall around the front garden will be low, so that everyone can 1)... into the garden, while the one enclosing the back garden will be 2) ... , so they can’t. The front garden is 3) ... to be more carefully arranged, designed and tended. This is not because the English spend more time enjoying their front gardens. Quite the 4) the English spend no time at all in their front gardens, except the time 5) ... to keep them looking ‘nice’. F. The English Garden 4 LENGTH, THINK, ADMIRER, PLEASE, TRIMMER This is one of the most important garden-rules: we never, ever sit in our front gardens. Not only would it be 1) ... to sit in your front garden, you will be considered odd if you even stand there for very 2) ... without pulling up a weed or 3)... the hedge. Front gardens, however pretty and 4) ... they might be to relax in, are for display only; they are for others to enjoy and 5)... , not their owners. G. Take Care of Your Home 1 SALE, INVALUABLE, MAINTAIN, INVEST, COUNT Your home is one of the biggest 1) ... you have. Just like everything else, your home needs 2) ... and care. Sure, we all clean our houses, but there are a lot of little things that are easy to overlook. The more things you do, the more it will cost you. You'll run into 3) ... little difficulties when something important comes up. Your home will have significantly less 4) ... if you want to 5)... it one day. H. Take Care of Your Home 2 RECRUITMENT, ENLIST, ROTATION, PERSON, INCOMPLETE 1)... , ]use a home and car maintenance checklist. Whenever I have a few free hours without much to do, I’ll usually turn on my headphones or 2) ... a young helper (if the kids are home) and get to work on a few tasks. Simple. I just keep 3) ... through this list. Whenever I have an hour or two, I just go through the top few items on my list. Whenever I 4) ... an item, I move it to the bottom. When I’m tired of it or something else comes up, I just put the 5)... aside until later. I. Take Care of Your Home 3 ANOTHER, EMERGENT, INTERVENTION, REWARDING, ENERGETIC Because of that, I get to each item on the list every month or so. Some of the items are done in just a few minutes. 1) ... take an hour or two. Of course, sometimes I fall behind. Life 2) ... . What’s the 3) ... for doing these things? Your house and car have a much longer lifespan. You have far fewer 4) ... repairs. Your 5) ... and fuel bills are lower. J. Buying Property in England 1 ORDINARY, ROYALTY, LOCATE, PRICELESS, DIVERSITY England can be iconic, 1) ... , rural, unconventional, historical ... and the number of towns and cities here that have produced people who have made their mark on the world is 2) ... . Every year, property hunters from overseas 3)... to England. Victorian, Georgian, Edwardian, modern, traditional, “next generation”... The choice of styles, designs and sizes across the land is as 4) ... as it is immense, meaning the 5) ... of homes are varied too. K. Buying Property in England 2 SOUTH, AFFORD, WIDTH, SPACE, PROSPERITY The “great divide” between England’s north and south is not as 1) ... as it once was. Most northern cities can claim to be as thriving and as 2) ... as those found in the south, with the exception of the capital, of course, Property prices are generally higher in the south, but not always. In 3) ... England, property bargains come up all the time. 4) ... detached family houses, luxury flats, tidy bungalows, converted barns and farmhouses — all can be found available to buy at surprisingly 5) ... prices!A. Sharing a Room LIKE, UNDISPUTABLE, USER, POSSESS, MISUNDERSTANDING, ARTIST, ACCUSTOMED, HARDSHIP Getting along with a roommate has never been easy — and it has be- come even 1)... . To 2)... why, it’s necessary to know just one fact. Some 90 percent of students now arrive at university having never shared a bedroom. These children are 3) ... to having their own phones, televisions, and compu- ters, and are 4) ... to sharing their 5) ... . Many of these students have never had to master the 6) ... of compromise, so numerous 7) ... that once would have been settled quietly are more 8) ... to turn into crises. B. How to Share a Room SUCCEED, CLEAN, DISRESPECT, EXPECT, HARD, LOSE, SURE, COHABITATION Even students who have had experience of living with siblings can be at a 1)... on how to successfully 2) ... with someone they 3) ... know. Com- munication, boundaries, and 4) ... are the three major principles that can help create a positive and 5) ... experience between you and your new roommate. The easiest way to solve a conflict with your roommate is to prevent it from happening in the first place. Talking through all of your 6) ... for each other will 7) ... that you stay on friendly terms when it comes to 8)... , chores, and guests. C. Welcome to the Coast House LIBRARIAN, PROUD, ESTABLISH, DECORATING, SITUATION, UNCOMFORTABLE, SPECTACLE, RUNNER The Coast House enjoys a prime position on the sea front at Mumbles with 1) ... views over Swansea Bay. We are a family 2) ... Guest House with over 34 years of looking after our guests and we 3) ... ourselves on the 4) ... and cleanliness of our 5) ... . We have made extensive refurbishments to The Coast House over the winter months both 6) ... our rooms and upgrading the en suite bathrooms. We are 7) ... just a ten-minute walk from the centre of Mumbles where there are shops, banks, a 8) ... , and a Tourist Information Office. D. Home Sweet Home SCENIC, NEEDLESS, FABLE, EASE, MOVABLE, FURNITURE, CREATOR, ASSEMBLY Picture the 1)... . You 2) ... into a new house and have no idea how to 3) ... it! Sure, there are some items you know you 4)... but, other than that, it’s a blank canvas. Who do you call? How about the Home Sweet Home team? Learn about your client’s tastes, create 5) ... interior design, and then direct your team to 6)... it all, right before your eyes! With simple controls, a fun style and an interface that is 7)... to use, Home Sweet Home is a8) ... gaming experience! E. A Manor House 1 RESTORATION, LOOK, DEMOLITION, EXTEND, GOTH, ACCOMMODATE, PANELLING, UNEXPECTED Located in Wiltshire, an outstanding and beautifully 1) ... , late 2) ... style manor house was built of limestone. Originally it was a much larger property that was mostly 3) ... . Solid in appearance and structure, it offers 4)... and well presented 5)... . As one would 6) ... there is a grand drawing room with oak 7) ... walls and a large open fireplace. The large windows 8) ... a parkland setting. F. A Manor House 2 EQUALITY, FIT, WONDER, IMMATURE, OUTDOOR, CURRENT, ENJOYABLE, TILE An 1)... appealing dining room can be accessed from the kitchen. It has another grand fireplace and 2) ... the same countryside views. To the rear of the property there are three large connecting rooms, 3) ... offering a cinema room, a billiards room and an 4) ... swimming pool. Of particular note is the central spacious kitchen with 5) ... cabinets, granite work surfaces and a 6) ... floor. The kitchen opens into the garden room, creating a 7) ... light space. A beautiful lawn is surrounded by many 8) ... trees and shrubs and a long stone pathway leads to the southern edge of the grounds. G. Bring Summer Inside HEAT, INEFFECTIVE, SOOTHE, FRESHENER, GREEN, EXCEPT, COSY, CLUTTERED With the changing of the seasons, nothing is more essential to a home than 1) ... up the accessories and summer is no 2) ... . Rather than seeking warmth and 3) ... as we do during the autumn and winter months of the year, summer is a time to bring a lighter feel to our home. For inspiration look to nature. The blue of the ocean, the pink of the inside of a conch shell, sand and 39driftwood all make for a 4) ... colour scheme to Prepare your home for sum- mer. It can be the time to really show off your beautiful wood or tile floors. The clean, 5) ... look will create a cool 6) ... and feel delicious underfoot on those sweltering, 7) ... days. Replace your elaborate floral displays with simple 8) ... such as ferns, palms and ivy. Bowls filled with shells, coloured marbles or interesting stones can be calming and cooling. H. Decluttering 1 MINIMALISM, SIMPLIFY, OUTSIDE, HOLDER, SMOOTH, ERR, INDIFFERENCE, WRONGLY Clutter is 1) ... anything in your life that you don’t love, use or 2) ... de- ar — or anything in the 3) ... place in your home. Decluttering helps to sort out what is what, and keep everything under control, which can really make a 4)....A common 5) .., is to think that being organised and decluttered means having a clinically tidy and clean home. But the most organised of homes can run 6) ... amid what looks like a mess to an 7) ... . Whether your style is 8) ... or eclectic, you can get organised! L Decluttering 2 TWO, LOSE, FIGHTER, HOUSE, RESOLUTION, INEFFICIENCY, HABITUAL, MISS Each day, time is 1) ... searching for 2) ... keys or phones. This time, 3) ... to succeed! Just as clutter arises gradually, so it must be 4) ... gradually and over time. It requires building new 5)... , applying new organisational meth- ods, and creating new 6) ... routines. Even 15 minutes a day will make a good start. Better, schedule larger blocks of time, from two to four hours once or 7) .. a week, for maximum 8)... . J. A Day in the Country ENDLESS, GREETING, HEAR, IMPOLITE, DOOR, COUNTRY, IGNORANT, RELAXATION After months of bad weather and 1) ... depressing news, many of us are in dire need of escaping to something a little more 2)... . New laws will give the public the right to roam vast tracts of 3)... but, how equipped are townies to deal with a day 4) ... ? The morning commute in the city can turn the most 5) ... of us into self-centred fighters whose Strategy for getting through the day is head down and elbows out. Not so in the countryside, where 6) ... a fel- low human is practically 7) ... of — 99 per cent of people living in the coun- tryside 8) ... people they meet with at least a ‘hello’ when out and about. 40 A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. He ... her door and gave her the key. (lock) 2. The living-room design was rather dull and ... . (imagine) 3. If you are a regular reader of Homes & Gardens you will know what an ... source of inspiration it is. (valuable) 4. The guestroom is being redecorated at the moment, so it is ... now. (usable) 5. There is ... space to build an extension to the house. (suffice) 6. Most of the ... old porcelain Grandmother kept in her cabinets was lost during the war. (replace) 7. We discovered that our equipment was ... for repainting the doors and the window frames. (adequate) 8. He wanted to help those in ... , those without food on their table or roof over their heads. (fortunate) 9. The house was haunted and one could be... cold inside and hear strange sounds and see shadows that ... when one tried to have a closer look at them. (nature, appear) 10. ... the coal fire had ... the paintwork on both sides of the fireplace. (fortune, colour) B. Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. Houses mostly ... people who built them, being home to many genera- tions of one family. (live) 2. She opened a window to ... up the room. (freshly) 3. Householders are regularly advised to install double .. , thorough ... and replace their inefficient central ... system. (glaze, insulate, hot) 4. An ... Roman ... has been discovered in northwest England. (extend, settle) 5. Old Manchester houses are made of red brick, ... by soot. (black) 6. After the fire, they were able to ... their house with the (build, insure) 7. Older people who live alone often need help with gardening and house vs (maintain)8. The dining-room is elegantly ... and... carpeted. (furniture, luxury) 9. When going out, leave your ... in the hotel safe. (value) i 10. Children should be ... to do housework tasks, but not put off by their difficulty. (courage) “ 11. David spotted the pink silk lampshade in a shop and thought it would ... up the room. (bright) A. School in Ancient Egypt 1 LITERACY, MATHEMATICIAN, PRACTISE, WEALTH, DECISION In ancient Egypt, boys from 1) ... families started school at the age of. four. Before a child started his first year of school, his father 2) ... what his son’s occupation would be in the future. Egyptians were very 3)... , so ‘children at schools were taught only the subjects that would be useful in their career. The only boys who were taught 4) ... were the ones that were going to be tax collectors. The ability to read and write was considered a very important skill because if you were 5) ... you could not have a well paid job, and respect of your fellow countrymen. B. School in Ancient Egypt 2 ASSIGNMENT, SILENCE, SLEEP, EXPENSE, LOUD Boys had lessons at the school master’s house. They were dismissed at noon. Students did their arithmetic 1) ... , but they recited their texts 2) ... until they knew the texts by heart. Then they attempted to write it down, either from a teacher’s model or from memory. The teacher 3) ... pieces of script from papyrus for his students to copy. Since papyrus was too 4) ... to write on, the school master gave the students white, polished limestone. They wrote with reed brushes dipped in black or red ink. The students were expected to work as hard as they could, and were punished for talking, being 5)... , slow or lazy. 42 C. What are Boarding Schools? MAGIC, SCHOLAR, RESIDENCE, QUALIFY, EXCEL UK boarding schools are 1) ... schools for children and teenagers up to the age of 18, offering internationally recognised 2)... such as GCSEs, A-le- vels and others. UK boarding schools offer an outstandi ing education, helping their students’ progress to university. Many pupils at UK boarding schools study on a 3)... which is a fee reduction given for 4)... ina particular activity, such as academic work or music. Competition for the financial support can be strong, but it is worth trying. You may have read Harry Potter and dreamt about what life at a UK boarding school would be like. We can’t promise you any 5)... , but we do hope you will have a fantastic experience! D. Types of Boarding Schools INVESTMENT, EDUCATIONAL, ACCOM MODATE, TUITOR, APPLY Most UK boarding schools are 1)... , teaching both boys and girls. There classes are mixed, but 2) ... is separate. There are two types of UK boarding schools: independent (also known as private or public boarding schools) and state boarding schools. There are around 465 independent and-35 state boar- ding schools in the UK. Independent schools charge fees and accept 3) from pupils of any nationality. Most schools are charities and 4)... any profits they make back into the school. At state boarding schools 5) ... is free and funded by the state but there is a charge for boarding. F. Homeschooling FORM, ILLEGAL, EDUCATIONAL, QUALIFICATIONS, TUITION Home education is when a child is 1) ... at home rather than at school. It’s perfectly 2 the UK and one doesn’t need to be a 3)... teacher to do so. Children who are home educated receive all their education from their parents, sometimes with the help of outside 4) ... . If you decide to home educate your child you don’t have to follow 5) ... rules about how you teach or when you teach. F, One of the Easiest Languages NATIONAL, REGULAR, DEEP, LEARNING, FAMILIAR For language 1) ... , a great feature of Spanish is its shallow orthographic 2)... — that is, in most cases, words are written as pronounced. This means that reading and writing in Spanish is a straightforward task. Pronunciation 43is also fairly easy with only ten vowel and diphthong sounds, and no 3) ... phonemes except for the fun-to-pronounce letter fi. Grammatically speaking, Spanish has fewer 4) ... than other Romance languages. Spanish is also an attractive second language because of its 5)... status. G. Passing the A-Levels ACADEMY, END, RELIEVE, ESSENCE, UNREAL Not much in life is more satisfying than knowing that all your hard work has paid off: that after months of colour-coding notes, organising files and 1)... cramming the 2) ... information, you’ve gained A-level results that will win you a place at university. This was the 3)... for many teenagers on Thurs- day, when A-level results were handed out at schools and colleges across the UK, prompting the now-traditional scenes of 4)... , delight and well-timed celebratory jumps. If you were among those celebrating, congratulations: now’s the time to give yourself a pat on the back and prepare for the next stage of your 5) ... career and the keenly anticipated Freshers’ Week. H. Exam Preparation EFFECT, REVISION, RECOVERY, STRESS, PROBLEM Final exam time can often be 1)... and nerve wracking. While some stress can actually be a positive motivator, being too nervous or tense can be 2) snee Before taking an exam it is advisable to develop a strategy. Think about when you work best — in the morning, afternoon or evening. When you need to learn facts, try to 3) ... when you are most alert and focused. Besides, take regular breaks to let your memory 4) ... and absorb the information you have just studied. It’s 5) ... to read your notes over and over, copy out notes or highlight bits of handouts. You need to think actively about ideas if you want to remember them. I. Panic at the Exam ASSOCIATION, BREATHE, PROGRESSIVE, FEARFUL, ANXIETY What to do if your mind goes blank? Most students 1) ... this happening. If it does — put your pen down, take a deep 2) ... , sit back and relax for a moment. If you’re in the middle of an answer, read through what you have written so far — what happens next? If you have to remember formulae, try 3)... them with pictures or music while revising. If you really can’t 4) ... with this answer, leave a gap. It will probably come back to you once you are less J. Teenagers Don't Sleep Enough UNPREPARED, DISTRACT, SUFFICIENT, ADOLESCENCE, DISCIPLINE On any given school day, teenagers across the nation stumble out of bed and 1) ... for the day. For most, the alarm clock buzzes by 6:30 a.m., a scant seven hours after they went to bed. In 2)... who are biologically driven to sleep longer and later than adults do, the effects of 3) ... sleep are likely to be dramatic. Not enough sleep causes difficulties in school, including 4)... prob- lems, sleepiness in class and Poor concentration. On the other hand, sleep strengthens memory and it becomes clear and resistant to 5)... . A. The Importance of Education THINK, INCREASE, COMMIT, PROBABILITY, LIFE, a ASSISTANT, APPLIANCE, IMPROVE Education is 1) ... the most important self-2) ... Programme that you can enrol yourself in. Not only does it 3) ... you in earning a 4)... and sustaining yourself in the world but it also develops the mind for more complex 5) ... and ideas. Completing 6) ... advanced levels of education shows that you have a drive and 7) ... to learn and 8) ... information, ideas, theories, and for- mulas to achieve a variety of tasks and goals, B. Learning Styles RECOGNITION, INSTINCT, SUITABLE, VISUAL, TECHNICAL, MEMORY, DIRECT, COME Many people 1) ... that each person prefers different learning styles and 2).... By understanding them, you can use the ones better 3)... to you, which improves the speed and quality of your learning. For example, if you use the visual style, you prefer using images, pictures, colours, and maps to organise information and communicate with others. You can easily 4)... objects, plans and 5) ... in your mind’s eye. You also have a good sense of 6) ... and you rarely get lost. When you walk out of an elevator, you 7) ... know which way {o turn. So, the whiteboard is your best friend. Also, use mind maps so that the visual journey or story technique helps you 8) ... content that isn’t easy to ‘see.”C. Gates Cambridge Scholarships FOUND, EXCEL, COMPETE, LEADER, EVIDENT, APPLY, DONATE, AVAILABILITY Established in 2000 by a 1) ... of 210 million dollars from the Bill and Melinda Gates 2) ... to the University of Cambridge, the Gates Cambridge Scholarships are one of the most prestigious international scholarships in the world. They are highly 3) ... full-cost scholarships which are awarded to outstanding 4) ... from countries outside the UK to pursue a full-time post- graduate degree in any subject 5) ... at the University of Cambridge. Scholar- ships are awarded on the basis of the candidate’s academic 6) ... , a good fit between the Scholar and the University of Cambridge, 7) ... of 8) ... potential and a commitment to improving the lives of others. D. International Student Exchange Programs DIVERSITY, OPERATE, HIGH, REGION, NATION, AFFORD, MINISTER, COMPETENT ISEP (International Student Exchange Programs) is a network of over 300 colleges and universities in 50 countries 1) ... to provide 2) ... access to 3) ... education for a 4) ... student population. ISEP students gain inter- cultural 5) ... through integration into their host institution and host culture while exploring the international dimensions of their academic field. ISEP Exchange and Direct members are institutions of 6) ... education that are 7) ... accredited or recognised by their government or 8) ... of education. E. Oxford and Cambridge SURVIVAL, SPEECH, RIVAL, REFERENCE, ADD, CLARITY, ESTABLISHMENT, PRACTICE The University of Oxford is the second-oldest 1) ... university in the world and the oldest in the English-2) ... world. Although its exact date of foundation is 3) ... , there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fied north-east to Cambridge, where they 4) ... what became the University of Cambridge. The two ancient English universities have many common fea- tures and are often jointly 5) ... to as Oxbridge. In 6) ... to their cultural and 7) ... associations, as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of 8) ... with each other. 46 F. Language Learning ABLE, NECESSITY, USAGE, DEDICATE, DETERMINATION, CONTINUE, SPECIFY, LEARN Learning a foreign language takes time and 1) ... . It gives the 2) ... the 3) ... to step inside the mind and context of another culture. It can be im- mensely 4) ... , but before you decide on a class, you need to 5) ... if it is going to address your needs. Firstly, a clear goal is 6) ... . Not only should you keep your objective clear in your own head, your course should have a well-stated and obvious goal of what it can teach you and how. So, setting 7) ... , achievable goals is critical if you want to stay on track and make 8) ... progress at a good rate. G. A-levels SPECIFIC, WIDE, STUDY, QUALIFY, SECOND, OPT, CURRENCY, ENTER The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Edu- cation 1) ... in England, Northern Ireland and Wales, usually taken by 2) ... during the 3) ... final two years of 4) ... school. The qualification is 5) ... recognised around the world and is used as a sort of 6) ... exam for some uni- versities. Besides, students may choose to sit the papers at education centres such as British Councils around the world. In the 7) ... system, A-levels are graded from A to E. The number of A-level exams taken by students can vary, but three is usually the minimum number of A-levels required by universi- ties, with some of them 8) ... the need for a fourth subject. H. Exercise and Brainpower BENEFIT, FLEXIBLE, SCIENCE, FIND, PHYSICS, APPEARANCE, EVIDENT, VALUABLE One can argue about the 1) ... of brain-training games, but there is an- other, easy-to-achieve, 2) ... proven way to make yourself smarter. Go for a walk or a swim. For more than a decade, neuroscientists and physiolo- gists have been gathering 3) ... of the 4) ... relationship between exercise and brainpower. But the newest 5) ... make it clear that this isn’t just a relation- ship; it is the relationship. Using sophisticated technologies scientists have discovered that exercise 6) ... to build a brain that resists 7) ... shrinkage and enhances cognitive 8) ... . Exercise, the latest neuroscience suggests, does more to boost thinking than thinking does. 471. A Good School TEACH, PERCENT, DEFINE, EDUCATE, PERCEIVE, KNOW, COURAGE, MAINTENANCE Each person has his own 1)... of a good school. For me, a good school has come to mean one that 2) ... children to learn and to love learning in a happy, relaxed atmosphere. A good school is not one that 3) ... strict discipline, is not one that sends at high 4) ... of its students on to bigger and better schools. A good school is a community of 5) ... and students engaged in an exciting search for 6) ... and self-awareness. Whether or not a school is good has noth- ing to do with test scores or the number of degrees shared by the faculty. It has to do with the teachers’ attitudes toward students and their 7) ... of what 8) ... is all about. I would send my children to a school that fostered a family feeling. J. Longer Hours at School FORCEFUL, RECEPTIVE, SIGNIFY, CHANGE, ENRICH, DISAGREE, NEGOTIATE, FORCEFUL Chicago's public schools and the union representing teachers have reached an 1)... that will give students a longer school day but will not 2)... the teachers to work longer hours. The agreement allows for students to 3) ... more instruc- tional time by hiring more teachers for 4) ... programs. Mayor Rahm Emanuel says there was never any doubt that public school students would spend more time in the classroom. And Karen Lewis, the teachers’ union 5) ... , says hiring, back tenured teachers was a way to do that. The issue of whether the city would raise teachers’ pay in 6) ... for longer hours was a main sticking point in 7)... . ‘A contract has not been 8) ... , and a strike remains possible. A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. A large percentage of the population here is ... . (literacy) 2. Cheating is ... and ... . (fairly, honesty) 3. I was ... during the test and most of my answers were ... - (attention, correction) 4. He got a bad mark because his essay was too short, dull and ... . (ima- gination) 5. The essays which are ... or otherwise not in accordance with the rules will be ... . (legible, qualify) 6. Rote learning or learning things without trying to understand them is a. (effect) 7.1 felt ... about having to make a speech in public. I was overcome by an ... fear of facing the audience. (ease, rational) 8. In the 19 century having a noisy classroom with students sitting on the floor or moving freely around was ... . (think) 9. Though the child could read, he was completely ... and couldn’t count or do sums. (numeracy) 10. ... the idea I came up with was ... . (fortune, relevance) 11. The atmosphere in the classroom was ... and relaxed. (formal) 12. For example, *break’ is an ... verb because its past form is ‘broke’, not *preaked’. (regularity) B. Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1, Everyone is ... of her having the chance to ... abroad. (envy, student) 2. ... is a fee paid for instruction of teaching, usually for ... education, like college or university. (tutor, height) 3. The course is largely ... through online videos, but students are also given quizzes, optional ... and opportunities to ... with classmates. (teacher, assign, collaboration) 4, Many US colleges and universities previously open only to men started accepting ... students and became ... . (male, educational) 5. Many of the ... forms we received were virtually ... . (apply, literacy) 6. Nowadays many universities have a system of continuous ... rather than formal exams. (assess) 7. Be ... and ... up various ... carefully when choosing a place to study. (sense, weight, opt) 8. Sex education is a ... area for some parents, and thus it should remain wa. (Sense, option) 9. We attended a... of former pupils of our school. (union) 10. You shouldn’t rest on your laurels but try to improve your ... perfor- mance. (academy) 11. For most subjects, an ... university course leading to a bachelor’s de- gree lasts three or four years. (graduate) 12. Do you agree that copying someone else’s ideas, ... and cheating in exams are sometimes ... . (plagiarise, avoid) 49A.A Dream Job? PAYMENT, SOLUTION, TRUTH, PROFESSION, PROCESSOR For many of us, the idea of having a job that is 1) ... satisfying — the kind where work doesn’t feel like work anymore — is pure fantasy. Sure, 2) ... athletes and golf pros may have found a way of doing what they love and get- ting 3) ... for it. But is there actually anyone out there who dreams of sitting at a desk and 4) ... paper, or watching products fly by them on conveyor belts, or working to 5) ... other people’s problems? B. UK Job Satisfaction 1 DAY, REMARK, DAMPNESS, WIND, GARDEN It may be cold, wet and 1) ... outside and the garden has probably seen better days. But that is unlikely to 2)... the spirit of the UK’s 3)... and florists who are today named as the country’s happiest workers, Research carried out by City & Guilds found nine out of ten horticulturalists were happy in their job. A 4) ... 80 per cent said it was because they were able to manage their own workload and have autonomy over their schedule and 5) ... tasks. C. UK Job Satisfaction 2 PRESS, FULFIL, HATRED, SURPRISE, APPROXIMATION In stark contrast — and perhaps not 1) ... — those professionals who Dans their jobs included bankers, IT and data processors, and human resources. Only 44 per cent of bankers — the average salary for a city trader is 3) cant £80,000 a year — said they were happy in their jobs. The City & Guilds ca- reer happiness index reveals that the majority of desk-based, high 4) ... jobs do not provide employees with 5) ... . D. Negotiating Salary 1 EMPLOY, DISAPPOINTMENT, NEGATIVE, INTERVIEWEE, USELESS The job application process can be a roller coaster ride. One minute you are flying high from a productive job 1)... , the next you are si inking low due 50 to a 2) ... job offer. When the salary offered doesn’t live up to your expecta- tions, resist the urge to react 3) ... right away. In fact, try not to react much at all. Thank the 4) ... for the offer and ask for a few days to think it over. 5)... that time to launch your counter-attack. E. Negotiating Salary 2 PROSPECTLESS, FIGHTER, BREATHE, ADVANCED, CREATIVITY If you are feeling upset, the first thing you should do is to take a few deep 1) ... . Then go on to 2) ... a pros and cons list for the job. Consider all the factors, including the working conditions, the company’s leaders, the opportunities for 3) ... , the perks and benefits of the job and, of course, the salary. Also consider how long you’ve been looking for a job, and the 4)... for getting another offer any time soon. Developing this list can help you gain some perspective on whether the job is still worth 5)... for, despite the conditions offered. F. Negotiating Salary 3 INVALUABLE, UNDESERVED, CONSIDERATION, REASON, ACCOMPLISHED You got the offer so you have probably already spent a 1) ... amount of time convincing the employer that you are worth hiring. Now is the time to act. Find ways to increase your 2) ... for the company. The Wall Street Jour- nal notes that other job candidates create slideshow presentations that show how they have made significant 3) ... at other companies. You should do the same. Prepare a 4) ... counteroffer that outlines what you think you 5)... and back it up with reasons that are directly tied to things you know the company is looking for. G. Job Advertisement COMMUNICATE, LEAVE, ENTHUSE, MOTIVE, INCOMPETENCE A great opportunity has arisen for a trainee administrator to work for an established car dealership in Sheffield. This is an exciting career prospect for 4 school 1) ... to start their career within the automobile industry. You will be trained to become 2) ... in the following duties: cash banking, answering calls, operating the switch board, general administration as required. This position would best suit an individual 3) ... about the industry. You should have: an outgoing personality with great 4) ... skills, the ability to work well within a team, a confident telephone manner, self-5) ... . To apply for this position click below. 51H. What is Holding Back Women’s Careers 1 CONFIDE, ANXIOUS, FAR, BELIEVE, ADMISSION Almost 50 % of women believe they would be 1) ... in their career if they had more self-2) ... .Ina survey of 2,000 British women 92 % of respondents 3)... to having emotional problems, with the most frequent reason being 4) ... about their appearance. So what can be done to help women overcome a lack of 5) ..? 1. What is Holding Back Women’s Careers 2 TWO, EMPLOYER, OPERATION, DOMINANT, UNACHIEVABLE Company culture is a significant factor. Companies need to decide wheth- er they are going to have an environment which is dog-eat-dog or where they develop the skills of 1) ... to help their staff gain confidence and 2) ... their potential. And a big part of the problem is that because so many businesses are male-3) ... , women often have to work harder and be 4) ... as confident to make an impact. Also young girls should be helped in further education, at college or university, through workshops which will teach them how to 5) ... in the workplace and how to put themselves forward. J. Self-Employment COURAGE, ARRANGEMENT, EMPLOYEE, IRREGULAR, ADVANTAGE There is 1) ... from the government for people to become self-employed and at first it seems attractive, especially if you have recently become 2) ... or redundant. Although one of the main attractions of becoming self-employed is no longer having to work for somebody else there are several 3) ... you should consider. These include not being certain of having a 4) ... income, having to 5) ... your own sick pay and pension and probably having to work long hours. A. Postsecondary Education ADAPTATION, HIGH, SPECIFY, TRAIN, CERTIFY, KNOW, PREPARATION, PRIVACY More than 70 % of all new jobs will demand 1)... education or skills 2) .... A college or university education gives you an edge in today’s job market. 52 A 3)... , diploma or degree shows your 4) ... and skills. It also shows that you know how to learn, 5) ... and manage your time. 6) ... career colleges offer training that 7) ... you for a 8) ... job. B. Choosing a Career EVALUATION, PERSON, PROFESSION, SUIT, ASSESS, MISINFORM, PURSUIT, VIEW Choosing a career is a process that is based on a number of things, includ- ing your interests, skills, work-related values, and 1).... You might also want to meet with a career development 2)... that will use various tools to help you 3)... yourself. This is called a self 4)... . He will then show you how all these things, combined, play a role in choosing a career. What you should end up with is alist of 5) ... careers. You should begin to gather information about them per- haps also conducting some informational 6) ... with those working in the field. ‘Then you can now make an 7) ... decision about what career to 8)... C. Curriculum Vitae 1 DEPENDANT, FELLOW, NATION, ENSURE, TRADITION, DETAIL, APPLICATION, LONG Acurriculum vitae, or CY, is an alternative to writing a resume. A resume is typically a page or two in 1)... , while a CV is more 2) ... and longer. CVs are 3) ... used by those in academia and research. CVs vary 4) ... on one’s field and experience, but there are a number of general guidelines one can follow when creating a CV. Make 5) ... you choose a format that is ap- propriate for the position you are 6) ... for. If you are applying for a7)... 5 for example, you won't need to include the personal information that may be included in an 8) ... CV. D. Curriculum Vitae 2 FOCUS, EMPLOY, ADD, REFER, CLARITY, TEACHER, ACCORDING, PUBLIC Don't just write one CV and use it for every position you apply for. Have targeted and 1) ... versions of it and use them 2) ... . In 3) ... to your educa- tion and work history, your CV should contain your research experience, 4) ... , grants and fellowships, courses 5) ..., institutional service, licences, and awards. There is no need to include your photo, salary history or the rea- son you left your previous position. All your 6) ... should be listed separately and given to 7) ... upon request. If possible, try to keep your CV short and concise. Use formal and well-written language, writing simply and 8)... .E. SummerJobs.com LOCATE, NECESSARY, VALUE, LIKE, YOUNG, ALIVE, AVAIL, WIDTH There is little that is more 1) ... or exciting for a teenager, high school or col- lege student than the different work experiences 2) ... during the summer. A sum- mer job helps to pay the bills and is often a 3)... , but it also provides our De, with the opportunity to lear new sI ills, meet people from different cultures, travel to interesting, far-away places and to get a taste of what working 5) ... might be like in a future career. SummerJobs.com allows a summer job seeker to explore Opportunities both 6) ... and across the US, Canada and the world, 7)» , we allow employers to draw from a Pool of adventurous job seekers from far and Secs. F. Alaska Jobs! LIKE, EMPLOY, DIFFER, STUDY, INDUSTRIAL, HIKER, SAVINGS, TREMENDOUSLY As America’s largest state, Alaska offers 1) ... travel, seasonal 2) ... and «life experience» opportunities. People from the guy down the street to Hil- lary Clinton as a college 3) ... , have worked a summer in Alaska’s fishing 4).... Whether your goal is to 5)... money, 6)... in the backcountry or just do something completely 7) ... , a season in Alaska is 8) ... to disappoint. G. Wage and Salary DEFINITE, LARGE, GENERAL, ACCOUNTING, PERFORM, DESCRIPTION, RARE, DIFFER The 1) ... between wage and salary 2) ... more than how much you end up making per year. The terms are often used to 3)... differences in types of work, as well as what is actually counted in the final total. Wages are 4) ... paid per hour. This means that you have to be present and working in order to get paid. On the other hand, salary refers to how much you get paid every year. Salary earners 5) ... have to punch a time clock, or keep an accurate 6) ... of their hours, because they get paid for 7) ... rather than by the hour. Often they get bonuses or other incentives since these jobs are 8) ... manage- ment, sales or project related. H. Getting Promoted SOLVE, MAINTENANCE, ABLE, PROFESSION, CONDUCTOR, COME, REASON, IDENTITY It’s not 1) ... to expect that, as you move up the career ladder, you'll begin to 2) ... yourself more 3)... . This applies to different contexts — 54 from an 4) ... to 5) ... confidentiality to participation in office gossip — and is identified by executives as the most difficult challenge for employees to 6)... . Tactful behaviour is crucial. For example, you can and should 7) ... problems within your department, but you should not talk about them in the break room, which gives the impression that you're looking for an audience, instead of a 8)... . |. Chocolate Consultant EXISTENCE, FINELY, HOSPITABLE, EVENTUAL, EXTENSION, AWARE, FRUSTRATION, PASSION ‘Yes, jobs like these really 1)... . Louise Thomas has worked in the choco- late industry for two years and been 2) ... about chocolate for more than six years. She became 3) ... by the lack of education and 4) ... regarding 5) ... chocolate, so started her own company to share her love of the cocoa bean. She now runs 6) ... and tastings — similar to wine tastings — as well as do- ing consultancy for 7) ... and retail, to find a particular chocolate for a client or 8)... their range. J. Professional Sleeper BELIEF, WAKE, EXHIBIT, WEAK, CONSIDERATION, ADDICT, PROFIT, COMFORT If you're 1) ... to the snooze button on your alarm or spend all day at your desk yawning and drinking cups of coffee to stay 2)..., then maybe you should 3) ... turning your 4) ... into a 5) ... career. 6) ... it or not you can actu- ally get paid for just sleeping. Typically, professional sleepers participate in university studies on sleep or dreams, but others make sure beds are 7) In 2009 during an art show at The New Museum of Contemporary Art, women. Were paid to sleep as part of a “living art” 8)... , so you never know where you could be asked to rest your head next. A, Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. |. A candidate who can demonstrate a positive attitude and eagerness {o tackle the job will have an advantage over one who displays an attitude viewed by the employer as negative or ... . (interest) 55 ibe maa.2. In fact, many employers would rather provide job skills training to an enthusiastic but ... worker than hire someone with perfect qualifications but a less-than-positive attitude. (experience) 3. Managers sometimes worry that this type of person will not get along with supervisors and co-workers, treat customers with ... , and work ... . (re- spect, efficient) 4. If a working contract is made without social security costs and without paying income taxes, it is called ... employment. (legal) 5. Through some ... accident, the information reached me a day late and I missed my deadline. The company made a loss and I am ... now. (fortune, employee) 6. Many people feel ... and (preparation, surely, formal) 7. He was criticised as a weak and ... leader. (decision) 8. Being ... is a major cause of job ... and a significant contributor to stress. (organisation, satisfy) 9. She had the ... to get to the office an hour late when the boss visited the department. (fortunate) 10. Before the new metro stations opened, commuting was ... for thou- sands of people. (convenience) 11. If you describe someone as ... , you are criticising them because they are unable to do their job or a task properly or are ... to act in this capacity. (competence, qualifications) ... about how to handle an ... job interview. B. Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. When employers look at ... candidates, beyond skills, experience, and training, they look for those who demonstrate ... . (prospect, enthuse) 2. Those, they believe, will complete ... tasks in an upbeat and ... manner. (assignment, cooperate) 3. ... who are viewed as enthusiastic are known to ... good customer ser- vice. (employ, provision) 4. They ... interpersonal conflicts effectively, and work ... with others. (resolution, produce) 5. In customer ... settings, an enthusiastic employee will approach cus- tomers and offer ... . (serve, assist) 6. Positive attitude helps employees to get along with ... and managers. (worker) 7. It also helps to respond to constructive ... with ... and willingness to improve. (critic, mature) 8. A lawyer’s ... depends upon his or her reputation. (live) 56 and 9. We are looking for someone with good ... skills, someone who i: gets along with others. (communicate, independent) 10. The European Medicines ... has started a trainee programme aimed at university ... and people at the beginning of a new professional career. (agent, graduation) 11. Did you know that often an ... will decide within the first 30 seconds if an right for the job? (employ, apply) 12. They had a short-term ... fora... . (vacant, type) 13. When you... for a job, an employer might ask for ... from your previ- ous places of employment. (application, refer) 14. am thinking of quitting my job and handing in my ... . (resign) 15. Bob plans to take ... at the age of 55. (retire) A. Science History 1 IMAGINE, TERROR, BELIEVE, RECORD, BEAR, At the beginning of 1) ... time, man’s world history was filled with con- flicting 2) ... , strange stories of kind and 3) ... monsters and gods, and mystic rites. Such myths were used to explain creation, 4) ... , death, love, hate and the other mysteries of life. Since the dawn of time peoples everywhere have created such 5) ... worlds to help them through the difficulties of life. B. Science History 2 DOMINATION, LEADER, SCHOLARSHIP, KNOW, THINK These ancient ideas 1) ... early man’s 2) ... so much that he felt that they controlled his actions and his future. This 3) ... him to believe that all reason and 4) ... of the world came from his mind. For close to 2000 years, until about 1500 AD European 5) ... accepted this Greek concept of knowledge, that: “knowledge, all knowledge, about gods and dragons and how the world works comes from your mind, your reasoning and only your fwasoning.”C. Nanotechnology ATOM, SCIENCE, RESIST, APPLY, DETECTOR The term “nanotechnology” refers to the study, design, synthesis and 1) ... of materials, and devices by controlling matter at the nanoscale. These new, 2) ... precise structures, such as carbon nanotubes or minuscule instru- ments to examine the inside of the human body, promise a new technological revolution still difficult to imagine. Specialists in the field expect numerous industrial, 3) ... , and social breakthroughs. One day, there will be materials that are more 4) ... than steel yet lighter, cleaner, and more efficient. Among, many possible applications that could appear are computers with significant- ly faster components and molecular sensors capable of 5) ... and destroying cancer cells in the brain. D. Virtual Reality CAPABLE, DECEPTION, EXTREMELY, EXPLORER, SIMULATE Virtual reality is a technology whose object is to 1)... the senses to create a variety of sensations. It has many applications, which have not yet been completely 2) ... . The focus has been on forms of entertainment in which the player acts within the created setting and on 3) ... for training soldiers, pilots, surgeons, and others in 4) ... situations without placing the trainees at risk. Other promising areas for virtual reality — which combines the 5) ... of the most powerful computers with clever mechanical devices — are in medicine (especially in the areas of treating phobias and traumas), market- ing, and publicity. E. Venus PRESENTLY, ANALYSIS, EXCAVATION, STUDENT, VISITOR Venus is the most 1) ... celestial body after the Moon. Venus has been studied by orbiting spacecraft and by landers, many in the 1970s and 1980s. During the Vega and Venera missions and the Mariner and Magellan mis- sions, the surface of the planet was mapped and even 2) ... , and the atmo- sphere was 3) ... . At 4) ... , the spacecraft Venus Express is 5) ... the planet from orbit. F. Hadron Collider EXIST, UNIVERSAL, ENERGETIC, THEORY, INSTALLATION The Large Hadron Collider is a very large scientific instrument at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research. It is 1) ... in an underground tunnel that is in the form of a ring about 5.3 miles (8.5 km) in diameter and 58 underlies the border between France and Switzerland. The function of the instrument is to make particles collide with great 2) ... to break them apart and obtain data concerning the basic forces of the 3)... . This information can lead to the discovery of new elementary particles as well as confirm the pres- ence of elementary particles whose 4) ... has only been determined 5)... . G. The Lost Inca Treasure 1 WORTHY, CARE, PUZZLE, INVASIVE, ACCIDENT In the catacombs under the engineering building of the Universidad Cen- tral del Ecuador 1)... students 2) ... punched a hole through the wall and came across an enormous mountain of one inch square pieces of gold, 3) ... about 1.5 gazillion dollars. Why in one inch squares? That was 4) ... . Professor Jorge Medina and his faculty put their minds to this problem and came up with a brilliant guess. They thought that this could well have been the trea- sure hidden by Inca General Ruminahui from Francisco Pizarro, the 1531 AD Spanish 5) ... . H. The Lost Inca Treasure 2 ACCURACY, MYSTERIOUS, CREATURE, IMPURE, REPETITION These 1 inch squares were the key to the 1) ... , and it is explained as fol- lows. This gold was produced by an ancient and secret Inca process where you melt a small bath of 2) ... gold, pour it into a square pan, and let cool to make an 8 x 8 inch cake. Then carefully and 3) ... cut the cake into 4 pieces, Rearrange the four pieces to make a 5 x 13 inch cake. You now have gained, in fact 4) ... , an extra square inch of gold. So cut off 1 square inch from the cake, save it, and then melt the rest and 5) ... the process to get another piece of gold, and so on, and on, and on. |, Photography 1 SENSE, SUFFICE, DEFINE, DIGIT, NEEDLESS Photography is, by 1)... , capturing light to record an image onto some medium, whether it’s film or 2) ... media. While modern cameras may have better lenses and 3) ... than their predecessors, they still 4) ... to capture a 5) ... ‘mount of light when taking a good low-light photo. J, Photography 2 DEPENDANT, UNCONDITIONAL, WARMTH, CLOUD, TRUTH ‘The color of the light your camera captures changes 1) ... on the source oof that light. 2)... skies and fluorescent bulbs produce cooler bluish tints, forexample, while candlelight and usual light bulbs create a 3) ... red-orange glow. Camera features like white balance and colour correct can help you capture 4) ..- colors in spite of the lighting 5)... . A. Domestic Robots SENSE, CHARGE, VARY, IDENTITY, DEVISE, PROVISION, (CURRENT, APPLY Domestic robots are electronic robotic 1) ... that are designed to manage 2) ... types of tasks around the house. While some of these devices focus on functions such as house cleaning, others are designed to 3) ... company for the elderly, monitor the activities of young children, and operate kitchen 4) ... . Of all the domestic robots 5) ... in use today, the most common is the smart vacuum. This type of household robot is capable of maneuvering around the floor of a room. ‘The robot uses 6) ..- to 7) «+ the presence of fur- niture and other objects, and change direction when and as needed. Domestic robots like these normally operate with the use of a battery pack that can ea- sily be 8) ... using household current. B. China’s Space Programme MAN, OFFICE, EXPERIMENT, TECHNOLOGY, AMBITIOUS, ENFORCE, ADVERTISE, EXCITING China took a giant step towards its 1) ... of building a space station by the end of the decade yesterday, with the manual docking of a 2)... spacecraft and an 3) ... orbiting module. Space travel 4) ... few in the West these days, but in China the space programme is regarded as a great 5) ... for its techno- logical progress. Beijing’s goal is to put a man ‘on the moon. All three astro- nauts, or taikonauts in China, are pilots and 6) ... in the air 7) China’s main goal is to gain the 8)... and logistical skills to run a space lab that can house astronauts for long periods by 2020. C. Plant Sensor HEALTHY, GROW, SENSE, MAINTENANCE, MOIST, ANIMATE, HOT, DEVISE Monitoring and 1) ... the 2) ... of your plants is simple with this Wi-Fi 3) ... — but do you need one, asks Matt Warman. Much advertised on the 60 Internet, this small, plastic 4) ... sits in a plant pot measuring 5)... ; light, 6) ... and monitoring when plants need fertiliser, then it tells you when to water your plants for optimal 7) ... . It’s the beginning of what many call ‘the internet of things’, where previously 8) ... devices will be able to com- municate with each other. D. Francis Bacon CHIEF, SEARCH, SCIENCE, INDUCE, COLLECT, APPLY, ADOPTION, FOUND English philosopher, statesman, and jurist who rose to become Lord Chancellor (1618—1621) to James I but is 1) ..- remembered for the stimu- lus he gave to 2) .-- research in England. Although his name is associated with the method of 3) ..- and the rejection of a priori reasoning in science, the painstaking 4) ..- ‘of miscellaneous facts without any use of prior theory which he supported in the Novum Organum (1620) has never been 5)... asa practical method of 6) ... . The 7) .-- ‘of the Baconian method was, however, an important object in the 8) ... of the Royal Society of London some 40 years later. E.TED City 2.0 NORMAL, INNOVATION, AWARD, SELECTION, DEVELOP, HONOUR, INDIVIDUALITY, FUNDER 1) ... with 2) ... ideas about how the cities of the future should look have been 3)... at the TEDGlobal conference in Edinburgh. This year’s TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) prize, 4) -.- given to an 5)... , Was 6) ... to an idea named City 2.0. This is the city of the future in which more than ten billion people on ‘the planet Earth must somehow live sustainably. ‘Ten projects that are improving city life from wiki-houses to open-sourced drains were 7) -.. to benefit from the $100,000 prize 8) ... - F. Argoflex Camera Manual PRACTICAL, IMPROVEMENT, THOROUGH, PAY, CARE, IMAGINE, OPERATE, INSTRUCT ‘A few moments spent with your empty Argoflex camera and this 1) ..- book will 2)... you many times over in 3) ... pictures. Follow the instruc tions 4) ... and deliberately, going through each motion just as though you were making a picture. 5) ..- making 6) ... pictures until you have 7) ..- mustered the 8) ... of each part of the camera. 61G. Folding Electric Bicycle PERFECTION, RIDE, EMIT, ELECTRICITY, FOLDER, RECHARGE, STORE, REMOVE Want to get around in a green way? You can either ride on a bicycle, or get the job done using an 1) ... bicycle. Of course, the latter will result in some sort of carbon 2) ... , but at least it will help you tackle those steep mountains without missing a beat. Not only that, this bicycle will be able to 3)... in half, making it 4) ... for commutes and 5) ... at work or an apart- ment. The 6) ... 24-volt 7) ... lithium battery comes with a 15-mile range, taking half a dozen hours to charge up. It is made out of aircraft aluminium frame, and can support 8) ... of up to 120 kg. H. Computer Safety HAZARD, SAFE, ENGAGEMENT, LENGTH, ADVICE, GENERAL, TREATMENT, WORSE Using a computer is not 1) ... thought of as being one of the most 2) ... activities to 3) ... in. Yet health and 4) ... risks do exist for both adults and children. Computers should not be seen as toys but as items of electrical equipment to be 5) ... with respect. Working for 6) .. periods of time on the computer can strain your eyes or can 7) ... existing eye conditions. It’s 8) ... to organise workloads to avoid using the computer for extended periods of time. LGPs ACCURACY, APPLY, RECEIVE, DEVELOPMENT, GIVE, NAVIGATE, PRECISION, TRANSMISSION GPS is a 1) ... satellite-based 2) ... and location system originally 3) ... for U.S. military use. GPS is a fleet of more than 24 communications satel- lites that 4) ... signals globally around the clock. With a GPS 5)... , one can quickly and 6) ... determine the position of a point on or above Earth’s surface. Other 7) ... include measuring the movement of polar ice sheets or even finding the best automobile route between 8) ... points. J. Genetic Engineering SOLVE, FERTILITY, EMPHASISE, RESIST, EAT, GROWTH, EXIST, NECESSITY The biggest 1) ... today is on genetically modified food. In many coun- tries modified crops are being 2) ... with very good results. Many people believe that this is a 3) ... to the problem of famine. Most 4) ... plants need 62 a lot of sun, some rain and 5) ... soil to grow. However, there are plants, not 6) ... edible ones that are able to grow in less friendly environments, With the help of gene transfer new organic plants, which are 7) ... to a lack of water, come into 8) .. A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. I. Older people are sometimes ... of new technologies. (trust) 2. The researcher’s theory was ... to the primitive technology of that time. (apply) 3. If you add two plus two and get five, you ... . In other words, you've added the numbers ... . (calculator, correction) 4, For your safety, always ... an electric motor from the electricity supply before you try to mend it. (connection) 5. Converting sunlight into electricity has turned out to be a very ... way of generating large amounts of. energy. (effect) 6. The astronauts began their journey into the ... . (knowledge) 7. ... use of technology can cause ... harm to the whole planet. (responsi- bility, repair) 8. Humans have been looking for ways to become... since ancient times. (mortality) 9. Future generations will condemn us for ... if we don’t stop the destruc- tion of the environment. (active) 10. Scientists have found out that fish living in water contaminated by drug producing industry become ... and ... to have a rest. (sociable, ability) 11. We hear of accidents and mishaps at nuclear power stations around the world, where measures to prevent accidents were ... . (adequate) i, Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. |, A major ... in DNA research happened in the mid 20% century. (break) 2. A computer mouse is a hand-operated electronic ... that controls the *00rdinates of a cursor on your computer screen as you move it. (devise) 3, Video cameras with night ... can be ... by movement. (visible, active) 634, We are excited about our ... keyboard design, which is the culmination of years of ... and research. (innovate, develop) 5. Even at a low concentration, CO2 absorbs infrared ... and acts as a greenhouse gas, as ... John Tyndall demonstrated in 1859. (radiate, physics) 6. Highly ... gas is naturally found in coal mines. (explode) 7. Nature, as ... as its evolutionary processes are, cannot supply us with all the drugs we need. (invention) 8. Romania badly needs aid to ... its outdated ... producing industry. (modern, machine) 9. Quantum computers have many ... for today’s ... community, inclu- ding the creation of artificial ... . (apply, science, intelligent) 10. They collect blood samples for ... at a national laboratory. (analytic) 11. Internet ... is one the downsides of the modern technology era. (hoo- ligan) A. Owning a dog 1 OWN, COMPANY, LOYAL, EXCITE, DELIGHTFUL Among 1) ... animals, dogs are unmatched in their devotion, 2) ... and friendship to humankind. The 3) ... your dog shows when you come home, the 4) ... in the tossing of a tennis ball, and the head put in your lap — those are only some of the rewards of being a dog 5)... . B. Owning a dog 2 OBLIGATORY, RESPONSIBLE, DEPENDABLE, CONSIDERATION, SERIOUS Owning a dog is not just a privilege — it’s a 1)... . These animals 2) ... on us for, at minimum, food and shelter, and deserve much more. If you are 3) ... taking a dog into your life, you need to think 4) ... about the commit- ment that dog ownership involves. If you already have a dog, you need to consider if you are fulfilling all your 5) ... as its owner. 64 C. Eco-friendly Furniture 1 SIGNIFY, DURATION, EXPECT, PACK, TRANSPORT In the past furniture was built to last and a single item of furniture would be used by one family for generations. And sometimes a single item would stand hundreds of years of use. The trend over recent years, howev- er, has been towards much less 1) ... , mass produced low cost furniture that is sold without any 2) ... of a long life and with a view to being changed regularly. The effect on the environment, however, can be 3)... . Besides the resources and energy used to create new items of furniture, we must consider their 4) ... — often paper and plastic that goes straight to landfills, and, of course, the fuel for 5) ... which is used before an item even reaches the stores. D. Eco-friendly Furniture 2 CONSUME, DELIVER, RENEW, RECYCLING, ENVIRONMENT Eco-friendly furniture is furniture that is created in a manner that has minimum negative impact on the environment. This means that where wood is used, it has come from 1) ... sources and any chemicals used in the process do not pollute or harm the environment. Additionally, minimum resources are used, including keeping 2) ... and mileage to as low a level as possible. Also, 3)... friendly furniture is the furniture that has been created from 4) ... items, which means creating new and exciting pieces from dis- éarded and unused ones. This keeps rubbish out of landfills and cuts back on energy 5)... . E, Disappearing Islands EXTINCT, EVACUATION, TERRITORY, LOSE, WARM Global 1) ... may have far-reaching consequences and with rising sea levels, the problem of land 2) ... is likely to come up more and more often. ‘This is especially true in the Pacific, where there are entire nations composed ‘of tiny, low-lying islands. One may think of Kiribati as a small country, but because its islands are well scattered over a large section of the Pacific, it has a maritime exclusive economic zone approximately the size of India. As islands submerge, seabed rights could be lost, valuable and culturally im- portant 3) ... fishing grounds could become international waters, and, in the inost extreme case — if Tuvalu is submerged and 4) ... — there is a prospect of the legal 5) ... of an entire country. 65F. Tiger Tourism VISIT, PROUD, HUMANE, RESERVED, POPULATE India is home to the largest remaining wild 1) ... of the tiger. Even so, there are estimated to be just 1,500 to 2,000 Bengal tigers left. They are the Poster species of the country’s tourism marketing — the face of its national 2) ... . Increasing awareness of the animal’s difficult situation is one compo- nent of conservation efforts, and tiger tourism is part of this. It started slowly but has grown greatly. Tiger 3) ... receive tens to hundreds of thousands of 4) ... a year, which can cause crowds. The animals are adversely affected by direct disturbance, new infrastructure, and 5) ... in-migration. G. Feral Goats 1 DOMESTICATE, PROVISION, SETTLEM! ENT, EMERGENT, DELIBERATE Goats arrived in Australia with the First Fleet in 1788. As they were small and hardy, ate a range of plants and J) ... milk and meat, they were conve- nient livestock for early European 2) ... . During the 19th century, sailors released goats onto islands and some areas of the mainland for 3) ... food. Certain breeds were imported for their hair. More recently, goats have been used to keep plantation forests and inland pastoral land free of weeds. Feral herds developed as these 4) ... goats escaped, were abandoned or were Sy crs released. H. Feral Goats 2 GENERATE, ERODE, AGRICULTURE, OCCURRENCE, THREAT Feral goats now 1) ... across 28 per cent of Australia. Their grazing can cause 2) ... of the soil that loses vegetation and is blown or washed away during storms. Besides, goats can prevent its 3) ... . Particularly during droughts, feral goats can com, pete with native animals and domestic stock for food, water and shelter. Control of feral goats is a complex issue, While they are a major environmental and 4) ... pest, they also have some commercial value and are used as a game species by recreational hunters. To protect the environment, control is best focused on areas that contain 5) ... native plants, animals and ecological communities. |. Air Pollution DOOR, POLLUTE, COUNT, EMISSION, TOXICITY J) ... air pollution is associated with over one million deaths and 2) ... illnesses each year across the globe. From soot to toxic heavy metals, dirty 66 coal and fossil fuel smoke factory chimneys 3) ... vast quantities of danger- ous 4) ... . The total cost of these health impacts is more than $100 ein per year. Until stronger standards to reduce toxic emissions from coal an fossil fuel burning industries are implemented, harmful 5) ... chemicals will continue to be released into the air, threatening public health. J. Ocean Garbage Patch ACCURACY, ACCUMULATOR, MISLED, REMOVAL, CONCENTRATION We have heard of a garbage patch of plastic floating in the Pacific Ocean that is twice the size of the state of Texas. But this description can be 1)... . Plastic is found in all of the world’s oceans. Ocean currents meet in five large whirls, one of which is located in the Pacific Ocean. Plastic gets 2) vin all of them. Also, referring to ocean plastic pollution as “garbage patches" may sive the 3) ... impression that there are floating islands of plastic, while the reality is that most of the plastic parts in the ocean are very small — ere like “garbage soup.” We are still learning about how plastics are distribute throughout the oceans and where they 4) ... . Plastic breaks down into tiny particles, making clean-up efforts very difficult. One of the many challenges is how to 5)... the plastics without damaging marine life. A. Save the Plastic Bag CONSUMER, POSITION, ENVIRONMENT, THREATEN, EXAGGERATION, ACCUSE, INCLUDE, ENVIRONMENT Scientists and 1) ... have attacked a global campaign to ban plastic bags Which they say is based on flawed science and 2) .. claims. The widely slated 3) ... that the bags kill 100,000 animals and a million sea birds every year are false, experts have told The Times. They 4) «only a minimal threat {o most marine species, 5) ... seals, whales, dolphins and sea birds. A recent Atudy has shown that plastic particles known as nurdles, dumped in the sea by industrial companies, form a much greater 6) .. as they can be easily 7) ... by birds and animals. Many British groups are now questioning whether a ban on bags would cost consumers more than the 8) ... benefits. 67B. Captive Breeding 1 INHABIT, HOPE, OVERWHELM, INTERVENE, CONSERVE, THREAT, INCREASE, EXTINCT : There are 16,928 species currently listed as 1) ... , and the present world- wide 2) ... rate is 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the natural rate. Faced with such 3) ... drastic figures, what can we do, and what should we do? For some of the loneliest animals on the planet, captive breeding programs and human 4) +++ may be the only hope. As 5) ... continue to shrink, scientists and 6)... biologists face an 7) ... daunting task. Still, they must try to do what they can. For some species it is too late. 8) ... , for others, it may be anew beginning. C. Captive Breeding 2 SURVIVOR, INTRODUCE, EXTINCT, CONTRIBUTE, CONSERVATION, POPULATE, GLOBALISM, PROVISION i Captive breeding 1) ... a means for 2)... species that may not 3)... in the wild and establishing captive 4) ... for saving species from 5) ... is an impor- tant 6) a of Zoos to conservation. A goal of some programs may also be to 7) ... animals back to the wild, as is the case with the 8)... breeding program for the golden lion tamarin, the black-footed ferret, and the Guam rail. D.Tundra FREEZE, TREE, MIGRATION, BREEDING, GROWTH, ANNUALLY, LOCATION, SUPPORTIVE D +++ at latitudes 55° to 70° North, the tundra is a vast and 2)... land which covers about 20 % of the Earth’s surface, circumnavigating the North pole. Almost all tundras are in the Northern Hem: isphere. Average 3) ... tem- peratures are -70 °F (-56 °C). The ground is permanently 4) ... 10 inches to 3 feet (25 to 100 cm) down so that trees can’t 5) ... there, The bare and some- times rocky ground can only 6) ... low growing plants like mosses, heaths, and lichen. In the winter it is cold and dark and in the summer, when the snow and the top layer of permafrost melt, it is very soggy and the tundra is covered with marshes, lakes, bogs and streams that 7) ... thousands of insects and attract many 8) ... birds. E. Sumatran Rhino LOSE, CAPTURE, DANGER, FEMALE, RECORDER, LARGE, BORN, CONSERVE __ A Sumatran rhinoceros — one of the world’s most 1) ... species — has given 2) ... at an Indonesian sanctuary. 3) ... at the Sumatran Rhino Sanctu- 68 ary in Way Kambas National Park said the mother, Ratu, and her 4) ... calf were both “very well”. It is only the fourth 5) ... Sumatran rhino to be born in 6) ... in a century and there are thought to be fewer than 200 alive in In- donesia and Malaysia. Numbers have fallen by 50 per cent in 20 years, 7) ... due to poaching and 8) ... of habitat. F. Water Metering ESSENCE, INTRODUCTION, ACCORD, HEIGHT, RELIEF, SHORT, PROTECTION, BAD Water metering should be 1) ... across the UK to help tackle water 2)... , which will only get 3) ... unless action is taken now, Britain’s civil engineers say today. A metering system that charges households more for 4) ... water use for non-5) ... activities such as cleaning the car, with “so- cial tariffs” to 6) ... vulnerable customers, is one of a number of measures urgently needed to 7) ... Britain's growing water crisis, 8) ... to the Institu- tion of Civil Engineers. G. Rachel Carson's Silent Spring ANGER, CONSCIOUS, DEVASTATION, ALTERATION, VIEWER, SEPARATION, PEST, MOVE The book that profoundly 1) ... the way we 2) ... the Earth and our place on it appeared 50 years ago. It is an impassioned and 3) ... account of how America’s wildlife was being 4) ... by a new generation of chemical 5) ... . And it began the modern environment 6) ... : it awoke the general 7) ... that we, as humans, are part of the natural world, not 8) ... from it, yet we can destroy it by our actions. H. Plastic Bottle Island PRIVACY, BALANCE, DESIGNER, ENVIRONMENT, PURE, ATTEND, SUFFICE, DESTRUCTIVE Artist and eco-pioneer, Richard Sowa, is a modern-day Robinson Crusoe after 1) ... and building Spiral Island II, his own 2) ... island, out of 150,000 plastic bottles. It is around 25 meters in diameter, floating offshore at holiday hotspot Isla Mujeres. Spiral Island I was Sowa’s first project and attracted 3)... from green-lovers all over the world for being the first 4) ... recycled is- lund. However, the island was 5) ... by Hurricane Emily in 2005. The second floating recycled island was built with the help of like-minded, 6) ... aware volunteers who helped produce an eco-haven with a house, three beaches 69and all mod-cons, Harnessing the power of the wind, water and sun, and by creating his own 7) ... island ecology, Sowa does not only live a green life but a self-8) ... one as well, with fruit and vegetables grown on his island- Paradise too. |. Composting DECOMPOSE, HOT, NUTRITION, PROCEED, CYCLE, CREATE, ORIGIN, FERTILE Composting is an excellent way to 1) ... kitchen and garden waste. It is the 2) ... of materials that 3) ... from animals and plants. These organic materials can be things such as plant trimmings, vegetable cuttings, eggshells and teabags. The composting process produces a dark, crumbly matter that can be used as a 4) ... for garden soil. When you add organic materials to a compost bin micro-organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, break down the soft material which causes the compost pile to 5) ... to around 60°C. Then it cools and small 6) ... such as worms and insects then break down the tougher material. The whole 7) ... usually takes about 3 — 9 months, and results in a 8) ...-rich fertiliser to use in your garden. J. Crows SPECIFY, NERVING, SENSE, INDICATE, HEIGHT, REGARD, FOOD, KNOWLEDGE Crows are 1) ... intelligent birds that can easily be tamed, yet they are 2) ... by Western cultures as harbingers of doom because of their dark plum- age, 3) ... calls, and the fact that they have been 4) ... to hang around battle- fields, 5) ... on corpses, and destroy grain crops. They are smart enough to recognise individual humans and can hold grudges against 6) ... people. Due to their 7) ... to it, crows are a good 8) ... of the spread of West Nile virus that also attacks humans. A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1, Dogs which have been ... often become aggressive. (treatment) 2. Future generations will blame us for ... . (action) 70 3. Past techniques, including training cows to respond to mild electric shocks, have proven ... or ... for wide use. (effect, practice) 4, It is estimated that 15 % of all greenhouse gas emissions are the result of... . forest) 5. The island is ... due to the absence of a water source. (inhabitant) 6. Human interference often leads to disasters and ... damage to nature. (repair) 7. If a natural habitat is destroyed, it is ... to support the species inhabi- ling it. (ability) 8. Climate change may result in the ... of forests located in dry regions to regenerate. (able) 9. Racial ... can lead to war. (equal) 10. Latin America remains the most economically ... region in the world. (equality) 1, Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. |. Nutria can destroy ... marshes by eating the roots and developing plants, wiping out ... . (coast, vegetate) 2. China’s air ... has cut life ... by an average of 5.5 years in the north of the country and caused higher rates of lung cancer. (pollute, expect) 3. An ... species is a species of organisms facing a very high risk of ex- tinction. (danger) 4. Itis much safer to use stainless steel or glass ... instead of plastic ones. (contain) 5, Alternatively organic waste could be used as a sort ofa... in agricul- lure, (fertile) 6, More airlines are expected to use precision navigation to reduce fuel and CO2 ... . (consume, emit) 7, The first acoustic measurement of sea ... was made in 1914. (deep) 8. The most ... earthquake struck in Shanxi, China 1556. (disaster) 9. The ... exploitation of nature by man has resulted in the effects we have 10 deal with now. (thought) 10. Do we ever stop to think about the importance of the air we ... 2 (breath)A. Weather Forecasting 1 FLY, DECIDE, PREDICT, FARM, HARVESTER Will you need your snow boots tomorrow? Should you bring an um- brella? Accurate weather 1) ... are important for planning our day-to-day ac- tivities. 2) ... need information to help them plan for the planting and 3) ... of their crops. Airlines need to know about local weather conditions in order to schedule 4) ... . Weather forecasting helps us to make more informed daily 5)... , and may even help keep us out of danger. B. Weather Forecasting 2 COMBINE, DIRECT, USE, REASON, OBSERVE Modern weather forecasting involves a 1) ... of computer models, 2)... , and a knowledge of trends and patterns. Using these methods, 3) ... accurate forecasts can be made up to about five days in advance. Beyond that, detailed forecasts are less 4) ... , since atmospheric conditions such as temperature and wind 5) ... are very complex. C. Summer HOT, MATURE, EXCEPT, HUMID, SUFFICE The concept of summer in European languages is associated with growth and 1)... , especially that of cultivated plants, and indeed summer is the season. of greatest plant growth in regions with 2) ... summer rainfall. A period of 3) .. hot weather, often with high 4) ... , during the summer is called a 5) ... wave. D. Dog Days HEALTH, BLAMELESS, ADDITION, SICKEN, KNOWLEDGE The Dog Days are 1) ... as the hottest days of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and usually occur in July and early August. In ancient times, the hot weather in Rome during these months often made people 2) ... , and they 3) ... their illnesses on the fact that this was the time of year when Sirius, the Dog Star, rose at about the same time as the sun. Because Sirius was the 72 brightest star, it was thought to 4) ... its heat to the sun, producing hot, 5) ... weather, The ancients used to sacrifice a brown dog at the beginning of the Dog Days to calm the rage of Sirius. E. British Climate 1 CONSEQUENTLY, RELATIVE, CHANGE, RESIDENT, MOVE The climate of the British Isles is influenced by the 1) ... of all the major air masses. The British Isles, 2)... in the mid-latitudes, lie in the path of warm (ropical airflow and cold polar airflow. As a 3)... , the British climate can be very 4)... , and all types of weather may be experienced within a single day. In general however, the British climate is 5) ... mild for its latitude, since it is influenced by the Gulf Stream. F. British Climate 2 EXISTENCE, CONTINENT, STRONG, DOMINANT, GEOGRAPHY Although the British Isles make up only a relatively small 1) ... area of the Varth’s surface, differences in climate across the region do 2)... . The climate of the western half of the British Isles is 3) ... by maritime tropical and mari- lime polar air, while the climate further east is often influenced by more 4) ... regimes. In addition to the major air masses, the 5) ... of sunlight received at different locations in the British Isles also has an influence on the climate. G. British Climate 3 SEASON, SLIGHT, WEST, EXTREMELY, WETNESS Northern Ireland, Wales and 1) ... parts of England and Scotland, being | closest to the Atlantic Ocean, are generally the mildest, 2) ... and windiest legions of the UK, and temperature ranges here are seldom 3) ... . Eastern | leas are drier, cooler, less windy and also experience the greatest daily and | 4) ... temperature variations. Northern areas are generally cooler, wetter and have 5) ... larger temperature ranges than southern areas. H. Monsoons DESPERATE, TORRENT, COUNT, DESTRUCTIVE, STEADY As the monsoon rains start, they fill the vast network of rivers that flow cross the lowlands. As weeks go by, the level of water in the rivers 1) .. Vises. Just as the water reaches the lowlands, 2) ... rain comes down here, too. Suddenly, there are huge amounts of water with nowhere to flow. Water spills {vom the rivers and floods vast areas of land. Fields are quickly swamped, houses are cut off or even washed away, power lines are broken, roads are 733)... and vast areas are flooded by the rising waters. Animals, and 4) ... wild creatures drown. Survivors are left clinging 5) ... to trees and house roofs. I. Mixed Blessing BEGINNING, SITUATE, MISERABLE, FLOODING, IRONY Stranded Bangladeshis are seen in the photo watching their 1) ... fields from the rooftops. In 2) ... as bad as this, food aid is flown in. 3) ... , the mon- soon rains that bring such 4) ... are also vital for the country’s food supply. The planting of basic crops such as rice, corn, and soybeans only 5) ... when the first monsoon rains fall in June each year. J. Earthquakes 1 TIMING, WARNED, RAPIDLY, IMAGINATION, DESTROY An earthquake is a sudden, 1) ... shaking of the earth caused by the brea- king and shifting of rock beneath the earth’s surface. Earthquakes strike sud- denly, without 2) ... , and they can occur at any 3) ... of the year, day or night. They can be so tremendously 4)... , it’s hard to 5) ... they occur by the thou- sands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors. K. Earthquakes 2 DEADLY, MAJOR, LOSE, PERCENTAGE, VOLCANO. Some 80 1) ... of all the planet’s earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean, called the “Ring of Fire” because of the great amount of 2) ... activity there. On average, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year and some 10,000 people 3)... in earthquakes annually. Collapsing build- ings claim by far the 4) ... of lives, but the destruction is often accompanied — by mud slides, fires, floods, or tsunamis. 5) ... of life can be avoided through emergency planning, education, and the construction of buildings that sway rather than break under the stress of an earthquake. A. Gathering Weather Data VALUABLE, GLOBE, DETAIL, INFORMATIVE, AIRY, PRESS, FORECAST, ESTEEM Meteorologists use a variety of tools to help them gather 1) ... about weather and climate. Some more familiar ones are thermometers which mea- 74 sure 2)... temperature, anemometers which 3) ... wind speed, and barometers which provide information on air 4) ... . For viewing large weather systems on a worldwide scale, weather satellites are 5) ... . Satellites show cloud for- mations, large weather events such as hurricanes, and other 6) ... weather ystems. With satellites, 7) ... can see weather across the whole globe: the oceans, continents, and poles. Recent satellite data is very 8)... . even to the point of showing states and counties. B. How Does Snow Form? CONDENSED, INCREASE, BEGINNING, EVEN, SURROUND, GROWTH, FREEZER, UNIQUENESS Snow 1)... in the atmosphere as water turns into a tiny droplet. As more ‘nd more water vapour 2) ... onto its surface, the droplet 3)... . Cold air then {reezes this water into an ice crystal. Each ice crystal has a 4) ... shape that depends on the temperature of the 5) ... air and water vapour content. If it is below 6) ... and there is a lot of water vapour in the air, the crystal grows Nix 7) .. spaced branches. More and more water vapour collects on these branches and freezes, making the ice crystal 8) ... heavy. Eventually, the ice ~ crystal falls from the sky. €. Spring has Sprung, but will May be Mild? ENJOYMENT, EXPECTATION, DRYNESS, SIGNIFY, YEARLY, PERSIST, PLEASURE, COAST The start of April finally brought a transition from the 1) ... and bitter- ly cold easterly winds that made for a rather 2) ... March. Indeed, so far this month, large areas of the country have 3)... at least some decent spring Weuther, with temperatures peaking at 22 Celsius across parts of East Anglia ind southeast England on Sunday 14th April. Despite this spell of 4) ... mild- er weather though, average temperatures are still running just a touch below What we'd 5) ... for April. Aside from southern 6) ... areas of England and ¢entral parts of Scotland, most other parts of the UK have so far also been a Jol 7) ... than we would normally expect at this time of 8)... . D, Autumn REVOLVER, MIGRATORY, CULTURAL, OCCURRENCE, PRODUCE, FEED, EAST, CONNECTION The concept of autumn in European languages is 1) ... with the harvesting (1 crops. In many 2) ... autumn, like the other seasons, has been marked by {\les and festivals 3)... around the season’s importance in food 4)... Animals wither 5)... in autumn while preparing for the coming winter, and those with 75fur often grow thicker coats. Many birds 6) ... toward the Equator to escape the falling temperatures. A common autumn phenomenon in the central and 7) .. United States and in Europe is Indian summer, a period of unseasonably warm weather that sometimes 8) ... in late October or November. E. Winter's Charms HABIT, FRIENDLY, DINNER, PLEASE, URGENT, INDULGENT, GARDEN, SENSITIVE T love winter. I love the 1) ... of repose its cold, grey days give me, the delightful pause between the flurry of Christmas and the rush of spring 2)... . January has 3) ... been my ‘quiet month’, a season of enforced calm that, I find, affects all the rest of my year. There was such a wonderful lack of 4). about this particular January that I’ve allowed its influence to seep over into February. All the hearthside 5) ... have been mine: good books, good food, good 6)... We've taken to 7)... ata wooden folding table by the sitting room fire. I've followed the example of my cats and 8) ... ina few afternoon naps. F. Weather Talk 1 FASCINATION, CONVINCE, ASSUMPTION, TALKATIVE, KEENLY, OBSERVE, OBSESS, FAILURE “When two Englishmen meet, their first talk is of the weather’. This Hs is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago. This, however, is the point at which most commentators either stop. or try, and 2)... ,to come up with a 3)... explanation for the English ‘4) ...’ with the weather. They fail because they 5) ... that our conversations about the weather are conversations about the 7 weather. In other words, they think that we 6) ... about the weather because we have a 7) ... (indeed pathological) interest in the subject. Most of them then try to figure out what it is about the English weather that is so 8)... . G. Weather Talk 2 TENSION, IMPORTANT, SPECULATION, PREDICT, GREET, OFFENCE, EVOLUTION, SURE English weather-speak is a form of code that 1) ... to help us overcome our natural reserve and actually talk to each other, Everyone knows, for example, that ‘Nice day. isn’t it?", ‘Ooh, isn’t it cold?*, ‘Still raining, eh?” and other variations on the theme are not requests for meteorological data: 76 they are ritual 2) ... or conversation-starters, The capricious and 3) ... nature of our weather 4) ... that there is always something new to comment on, be surprised by, 5) ... about, moan about, or, perhaps most 6) ... , agree about. Which brings us to another important rule of English weather-speak: always ‘gree. If you deliberately break the rule, you will find that the atmosphere becomes rather 7) ... and awkward. No one will actually complain ot make ‘1 big scene about it, but they will be 8) .. . H. Belarusian Climate 1 LOCATE, OCCASION, MODERATION, VARIOUS, FLATTEN, REMOTE, H UMIDITY, CONTINENT ‘The Belarusian climate is 1) ... continental, with mild and 2) ... winters, warm summers and damp autumns. During the last decades the 3) ... com- ponent has become less pronounced with winters becoming warmer. The cli- tate’s ge-neral properties are conditioned by the country’s 4) ... in middle latitudes, domination of 5)... relief and relative 6) ... from the Atlantic Ocean. Average July temperatures range from +17 C to +18.5 °C, January tempera- lures 7) ... from -8 °C to -4.5 °C. There are 8) ... droughts and floods. |, Belarusian Climate 2 PERIODICALLY, STEADILY, FORECASTER, ANNUALLY, OBSERVER, DETERMINATION, HISTORICAL, DEEP Snow is an important feature of the Belarusian climate 1) ... its severity, the period with a2)... blanket of snow lasts 75 days in the southwest and 125 (lays in the northeast of the country, Average snow 3) ... ranges respectively {rom 15 to over 30 cm. The climate of Belarus was changing throughout the Harth’s 4)... During the period of instrumental observations (1881—2004) the average 5) ... temperature rose by I °C. During this 6) ... two significant Hikes in temperature have been 7)... . The rise of temperature by 3-4 °C is H)... by the end of the current century. J, Hailstones FREEZER, TURBULENCE, ACQUISITION, TYPE, RAINY, SOLIDLY, SUSPENSION, FORMATION Thunderclouds don’t just 1) ... down drops of water. They drop balls of 4) w ice called hailstones. too. These are 3) ... as large as peas, but sometimes 77as large as apples. Hailstones 4) ... in thunderclouds because the clouds are so tall that the upper levels are very cold, and so 5)... that they can hold ice balls 6) ... in the air. Hailstones form in the cloud’s main upward current of air, where most water is. Supercooled water stays liquid until it finds something, such as an ice crystal, to 7) ... onto. The crystal quickly 8) ... more layers of ice, gets heavier and bigger, and falls from the cloud as a hailstone. K. Drought SUDDEN, NOTICE, VEGETATE, RECOVERY, SUFFERER, PASSAGE, DEPTH, CLASSIFICATION Every now and then some parts of the world 1) ... from too little rain. In temperate regions, 15 days without any rain is 2) ... as a drought. Drought does not come 3)... , and there is no one moment when a drought starts. Instead, its effects develop gradually as each day 4) ... without rain. If the weather is cool, many rainless months can pass with little 5) ... effect be~ cause water evaporates slowly from the ground. Winds, now unhindered by 6) ... , whip across the ground, speeding up the drying of the soil. Before long, they strip away the dusty topsoil to leave even the 7) ... soil naked to the searing sun. Sometimes the drought goes on so long that the plants and soil may never 8) ... . All that is left is a bare plain of dust. The region becomes a desert. A. Add negative prefixes and form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1... weather has had damaging effects on this year’s harvest. (favour) : 2. We are usually ... to nature for the great gifts it gives us, especially the weather. (gratitude) 3. Indian summer is a period of ... warm weather in early to late autumn. (normal) 4. What causes our ... to be happy on a rainy day when the weather is — nasty? (able) 5. Drinking water in some areas may be ... . (safety) 6. Frost and floods are ... during these months. (commonly) 73 7. ... weather forecasts can be ... and millions of people are ... by them every day. (fortune, accuracy, lead) 8. The spotted skin of the frog makes it almost ... to its enemies. (vision) 9. After a week of ... warmth and cloudless skies, rain and temperatures in the low 30s are predicted for the evening. (season) 10, In fact it isn’t cold. It is just your clothes are ... to the weather. (ad- equate) 11. ... surfers should stay away from water because of the high surf and strong currents. (experience) 12. Antarctic ice is beautiful and ... : it is always moving, breaking, melt- ing, re-freezing and flowing. (prediction) 8. Form the appropriate word forms using the words given in the brackets. 1. In the city the ... and ... were insufferable. (hot, humid) 2. Tornado ... usually occur from March to June in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, in an area referred to as Tornado Alley. (break) 3. The locals are trying to come to terms with the ... caused by the hur- ricane that resulted in the ... of whole communities. (devastate, lose) 4, Ancient .., used sundials that divided a sunlit day into 10 parts plus two “twilight hours” in the morning and evening. (Egypt) 5. Variable-length hours were known as temporal, ... , or seasonal hours and were in use until the appearance of the mechanical clock, which caused the ... of equal length hours. (equality, adopt) 6. Laos is a landlocked, ... country, widely covered by largely ... tropical {orest. (mountain, spoil) 7. Our planet's ... regions, located just north and south of the equator, are known for their ... and ... . ((repic, warm, humid) 8. Around 3.5 billion years ago, Mars ... a shift and raged with ... activity. (yo, volcano) 9. The latest series of ... began on Saturday with two ... explosions fol- lowed by a third of greater size. (erupt, moderation) 10. People were advised to carry ... packs in case of ... . (survive, emer- a) 11. The stream races over rocks, kicking up white water and creating \.... roar. (deaf) 12. When exploring glaciers one needs to proceed with extreme ... . (caw- tous)A. British Shopping Habits 1 PROSPERITY, SHOP, UNRELIABLE, PREFER, SHABBY The British are not very adventurous 1)... . They like 2) ... and buy brand- name goods wherever possible, 3) ... with the price clearly marked. They are not very keen on haggling over prices. It is therefore not surprising that a very high proportion of the country’s shops are branches of chain stores. Visitors from northern European countries are sometimes surprised by the 4) ... of shop-window displays, even in 5) ... areas, but also by the variety of types of shops. B. British Shopping Habits 2 WEIGH, CONTINENTAL, RECORDER, SHOPPER, MEASURE The British have their own systems of 1) ... . Although on tins and pa- ckets of food in British shops the 2) ... of an item is written in the kilos and grams familiar to the people from the 3) ... , most British people have little idea of what these terms mean. Everybody in Britain still 4) ... in pounds and ounces. Therefore, many of their packets and tins also 5) ... their weight in pounds (written as ‘Ibs’) and ounces (‘oz’). Moreover, nobody ever asks for a kilo of apples and or 200 grams of cheese. If those are amounts you want, you should ask for ‘two pounds or so’ of apples and ‘half a pound or less" of cheese. C. Corner Shops INTERACT, NEIGHBOUR, LOCATE, PERSON, CONVERSE Eighty-seven per cent of British people live less than a mile from their 1) ... corner shop. A corner shop is a small shop on, or near, a street corner. Only in corner shops do shopkeepers know their customers 2) ... . Only in them is the 3) ... across the counter often social as well as transactional. People working in other shops are often very helpful, but the 4) ... usually has some clear purpose. Many corner shops are run by Indian or Pakistani families who have delighted the 5) ... by staying open very long hours. 80 D. Impulsive Shopping 1 DEPTH, HARMLESS, DESIRE, MODERATE, ACCESS We've all heard of emotional eating. There’s also such a thing as emo- tional shopping. In 1)... , neither of these activities is 2) ... , but in excess both can have serious consequences. The 3)... and the affordability of goods make shopping all the more appealing. For many compulsive buyers, a big part of the appeal of shopping is the process of searching out and obtaining that new, better, 4) ... item. This process is so mesmerising that it often ruins long-term financial plans, leaving shoppers 5) ... in debt. E. Impulsive Shopping 2 TEMPORARY, CASHIER, ABILITY, ACCUMULATOR, DEPRESS Many people are 1) ... to break the buying habits that do not only 2) ... debt, but also lead to damaged relationships, and 3) ... . By 4) ... creating po- sitive emotions, impulsive shopping negatively affects all areas of our lives. Nevertheless, there are strategies that can help to keep impulsive shopping at bay. They involve creating a shopping list, shopping on a budget and avoi- ling going to stores while being upset. Besides, one can try leaving their credit cards at home or only carrying a certain amount of F, Turkish Bazaar Experience 1 AGREEMENT, NECESSITY, CONSIDER, VERBALLY, COMMERCE Chances are, you'll go shopping during your next trip to Turkey, and While it isn’t 1) ... to haggle in the supermarkets or at some of the most expen- sive high-end shops, if you visit a bazaar — haggling is an essential element of the 2) ... experience. Shopping is a social custom in Turkey. You will be oliered tea, coffee, snacks or even a meal. The shopkeeper may wait on you for a 3)... time, showing you dozens of items and explaining their qualities. Iven so, you are not obliged to buy anything at all! However, if you offer a price and the shopkeeper agrees to it, you've made a 4) ... contract and you (lo have an obligation to buy the item at the price 5)... upon. G, Turkish Bazaar Experience 2 DECIDE, ADVISE, INVALUABLE, TRADE, EXPENSE So, first of all try to have a rough understanding of the item’s 1) ... before You start ha When you see something you want, ask the price. If it Aolinds far too 2)... . offer half of it and then the 3) ... will start the game 81with you. It is a good idea to be courteous and friendly but firm in your ne- gotiations. But be fair — if you have no intention of buying, don’t waste the Seller's time bargaining. And finally, the ultimate bazaar shopping 4) .. is that you should purchase what you like at a price you can afford, and you will always be satisfied with your shopping 5)... H. Bartering 1 POSSESS, TRADER, SERVE, CURRENT, USAGE, Have you ever had an item that is too good to discard, but you know you will never 1) ... it again? You can turn an old 2)... into something new by bartering. It is the process of obtaining goods or 3) ... by direct exchange without the use of 4)... . Virtually anything can be 5) ... for something else: from housecleaning and haircuts, to digital music players. |. Bartering 2 ADVERTISE, STRANGE, EXCHANGEABLE, PUBLICITY, INTRODUCE Sometimes you may have something to trade, but no one to trade with. However, you can barter with 1) ... via the Internet. There js no need for 2)... through friends, as in most cases you can place a personalised 3) ... describ- ing what you have to offer, and what you seek in 4) ... for it. However, it is important to be careful when using the Internet for bartering purposes. Don’t be afraid to ask someone to come with you to an exchange, and meet in a5)... place if possible. Besides, jt’s advisable to test the items you want to get to make sure they work. And remember, there are no guarantees. J. The 1930s High Street Shops STORAGE, POST, DOMINATION, APPEAR, RECOGNITION During the 1930s shop owners began to use the power of advertising and window displays to draw in customers. Goods inside were displayed in glass cabinets and brands we'd 1)... today appeared. Shops like Woolworths, Burtons and Boots began to 2) ... the market. Food was becoming relatively cheap, with fruit and vegetables available year-round and tinned foods gro- wing in popularity. Refrigerators began to make an 3) ... in some domestic kitchens, allowing people to 4) .. food for longer and shop less frequently. This trend would become more pronounced in later decades. Photos from the 1930s are black and white with advertising 5) ... and branding appearing on walls and windows. 82 A.Wise Shopping 1 INTENTION, SHOP, SURE, WILL, WISE, MONTH, RETAIL, RECENTLY 1)... rely ona lot of tactics to get you to purchase stuff you don’t want, don’t need and never 2) ... to buy. 9 out of 10 3)... make impulse purchases, buying items that weren't on their shopping lists, according to a 4) ... survey. So one should shop 5) ... nowadays and here are some tips how to do it. Firstly, a 6) ... budget is the best way to 7) ... that you only spend what you plan to when you go out. Knowing what you can afford and what you are 8) ... to pay for something will help to cut your spending. B. Wise Shopping 2 NECESSARY, WEEK, TEMPTING, SELL, DEPRESS, REFUSAL, RECREATE, IRREGULAR Secondly, 1) ... to pay a 2) ... price for an item. Keep up to date with 3)... sales, specials and clearance items. Also, you can view store ads online “ind wait for the best possible 4) ... . Thirdly, beware of shopping when you are stressed, 5) ... or lonely, you can be 6) ... to buy items you do not 7) ..+ need, Last, but not least, try not to think of shopping as 8) ... . There are lots of other things to do which will cost you little or no money — read a book, visit a friend or write a letter. C. Shopping in London 1 DAILY, DESIGN, SPECIAL, SHOP, EASY, GUIDANCE, LEGEND, IMAGINE London has several distinct retail districts and 1) ... streets, many of which have their own themes or 2) ... . From luxury goods in Mayfair to eccentric finds in Covent Garden, to large shopping centres like Westfield, you can 3) ... While away an hour, an afternoon or a whole 4) ... shopping in London. Here’s our 5) ... to London's top shopping areas. The heart of Lon- don shopping, bustling Oxford Street has more than 300 shops, 6) ... outlets and landmark stores. Home to the 7) ... Selfridges, it also boasts a range of famous department stores such as John Lewis and Debenhams scattered among every 8) ... high-street chain. 83D. Shopping in London 2 OLD, IMPRESS, INCLUSIVE, FASHIONABLE, FAME, HISTORY, TYPICAL, PARTICULAR An 1) ++, elegant shopping street, Regent Street offers a good range of mid-priced 2) ... stores alongside some of the city’s 3) ... and most 4) -.. shops, including Hamleys, Liberty and The Apple Store. Nearby, 5) ... Jer- myn Street is renowned for men’s clothing shops and is so 6) ... British that it’s enough to bring out the old-fashioned gentleman in anyone! Jermyn Street is 7) ... well known for its bespoke shirt makers such as Benson & Clegg and shoe shops 8) ... John Lobb. E. Shopping in London 3 NEIGHBOUR, PROBABLE, GOOD, IDEALLY, CELEBRATE, THERAPEUTIC, LUXURIOUS, ICON Whether you've got money to burn and want to splash out on the very 1)... in designer clothes, or just love 2) ... window shopping, Bond Street and Mayfair are the 3) ... places to go for some extravagant retail 4)... . Popular with 5) ... ona spree, this is 6) ... London’s most exclusive shopping area, home to big names including Burberry, Louis Vuitton and Tiffany & Co. 7) ... South Molton Street boasts its 8) ... fashion store, Browns. F, Saving money 1 EXPECT, PREDICTION, PREPARATION, WEALTHY, EMERGENT, EARNINGS, ABLE, TIGHT The 1) ... to save money is the cornerstone of building 2) ... . In order to Save money, you need to spend less than you 3) ... . This is often easier said than done, but there are plenty of ways to help you begin saving money on even the 4) ... budget. The first, and probably most important savings goal should be building up an 5) ... fund. We can’t always 6) ... what life has in store for us, so it is best to be 7) ... for the 8) ... with some emergency sav- ings set aside. s G. Saving money 2 URGENT, BAD, CONSIDERATION, AIM, NECESSARY, STORAGE, USUAL, ENDING One of the 1) ... things you can do is go to the 2) ... without any sort of game plan. You will walk 3) ... up and down the aisles trying to put meals together in your head and grab whatever you come across that could work, This 4) ... results in buying too much of something that 5) ... up going to waste. But when you do come across a good deal, 6) ... stocking up. This works especially well with regular necessities. Or instead you can master the thirty day rule. Whenever you're considering making an 7) ... purchase, wait thirty days and then ask yourself if you still want that item. Quite often, you'll find that the 8) ... to buy has passed and you'll have saved yourself some money by simply waiting. H. Unusual Shopping in Paris REALITY, FULLY, ARTIST, TOPPING, ORDINARY, MASSEUR, STIMULATE, ISSUING Have your hair cut on the night of the 1) ... moon, take a siesta while shopping, make a plaster cast of your foot, 2) ... a birthday cake with your own photo, 3) ... your own stamps, take pictures of your aura, visit a designer at home, join an 4) ... gallery open 24/24, buy shoes in a theatre, offer your cat or dog a 5) ... or special cookies, relax in a flotation chamber, try out 6) ... Japanese toilets... Shopping in Paris has never been so 7) ..., although you have to know where to go. As a change from traditional retailers, here are over a hundred unusual places where you can find 8) ... original presents. |. Dress Up Your Dog FAR, FIT, ENTIRELY, PROVISIONS, IMPORT, OWNER, HESITANT, MARVELOUS, Clothes shops for dogs are in fashion, Paris is full of them. This one how- ever takes the concept 1) ... than the others, Although you'll find the usual stuff here, you can also buy less traditional accessories: angels’ wings, Father Christmas 2) ... , sunglasses, bow-ties, material for duvets, baseball caps ... Rummage through the shelves and you'll come across other 3)... . Devoted fans of animal outfits shouldn't 4) ... to have a good look round! Some joys not to be missed include an 5) ... drawer at the back of the shop reserved for garments 6) ... from Japan. In there, we dug out a classy outfit for a Chihua- hua, The shop is 7) ... by a Japanese woman, Mitsuko, with a West Highland terrier who likes to have her photo taken, 8) ... she is dressed up. J. eBay BUY, VALUABLE, COLLECT, FOUNDATION, GLOBE, PRACTICE, ACT, PASSION With more than 100 million 1) ... users 2)... , eBay is the world’s largest online marketplace, where 3) ... anyone can buy and sell almost anything. 4)... in 1995, eBay connects a diverse and 5) ... community of individual 85