Structural Design B - 2009 Unite New elon Structural Design B ENGG6025 REINFORCED MASONRY & REINFORCED CONCRETE RETAINING WALLS REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY Reference = NZS 4230: Design of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Structures + Permanent formwork that becomes composite with in situ block fill concrete (or “grout”. ‘Modular set-out of reinforcing spacing for vertical and horizontal reinforcing (200 mm modules). + GRADES “A’, “B” or “C* depends on level of supervision from the design engineer. Generally reinforced masonry will be Grade B. REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY With a focus in this course on RETAINING WALL design the following items should be noted: 1, Specified compressive strength of grade B ‘masonry = f',,= 12MPa (even though ‘minimum grout strength = 17.5MPa); 2. Compressive strain at ULS = 0.003 in masonry; 3. Maximum strain in reinforcing = f,/€,; 4. Equivalent rectangular stress block as for RC design with ULS compressive stress = 0.85 f',3; 5. Depth of compressive stress block “a” = 0.85¢ REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY RETAINING WALL design is a FACE LOADED situation that is considered per metre of wall ie. "by” = 1000mm. ‘Maximum permitted shear stress provided by the masonry “\,," is the usual decider of main reinforcing location and/or thickness of blockwork to be considered. For grade B masonry: Yp= 0.244(0.3N'/A,) <= 0.56MPa V*/(db,0) < Vp (usually = 0.24NPa is used) G HudsonStructural Design B - 2009 REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY Because cantilever retaining walls have litle or negligible axial load they are considered as flexural elements whereby maximum reinforcing is calculated to keep maximum compressive stress block depth “a” less than 75% of that at balanced failure: O pox = 0-75 0 CANTILEVERED RETAINING WALL DESIGN ee Design actions from equivalent “fluid pressures” oe from Rankine Earth Pressures theory from drained backfill: Horizontal Pressure at any depth “h” in soil of ‘weight density (kN/m?) with surface surcharge Q (kPa): re h+K,Q oma , ‘otal horizontal thrust F at depth “h”: i El h2/2 + Ky Qh ati At ULS: FY = 1.5F (AS1170.0 4.2.3) G HudsonStructural Design B - 2009 CANTILEVERED RETAINING WALL DESIGN At variance to combinations stated in AS1170.0 design in this course will follow the “short- term” conditions as critical (generally from a seminar by Dr M. Pender, Auckland University) checking for adequate bearing capacity, adequate resistance to sliding and related strength of the walls and footings from: G+15F and for overall stability from: 0.96 + 1.5F CANTILEVERED RETAINING WALL DESIGN Bearing Capacity: At ULS use a rectangular bearing pressure distribution of uniform bearing pressure “q,” centred on the centroid of the reaction for vertical loads in combination with overturning moments. Dependable bearing pressure: qulmax) =$.A,(5.14 5) (ignoring depth effect for shallow footing) CANTILEVERED RETAINING WALL DESIGN $= 055 strength reduction factor for bearing; 4, 0.5(14{1-F/(b,5,]°5} inclination of reaction factor indrained soil shear strength (kPa) F = unfactored total sliding force b’,= effective bearing pressure width under footing centred on reaction from unfactored force F causing overturning about underside of the footing. (IF F/(b’,.s,)<1 then need to increase footing size) G HudsonStructural Design B - 2009 CANTILEVERED RETAINING WALL DESIGN Dependable Sliding resistance: ‘Acting over the effective bearing width bt Dependable Sliding Resistance = 6.(b,-.) = effective bearing width under footing from action of ULS thrust F* and overturning moment OTM" about underside of footing. Retaining Wall Design Steps cae ke 2 Calculate Fy and then Fy, 0d determine effective depth required for wal stem reiforcing based on maximum sheor copocty of wal Determine vertical enforcing in wol (and horizontal reinforcing for minimum temperature/shrinkage requirements Calcalteunfactored Faye nd OTM about an assumed footing sie >> calulate centroid of vertical weights fiction ‘and ecentriy ie to OTM > cleulate ond (tert). ColuloteF*an, and OTM? > coleuloe eccentricity due 0 ‘orm >> caleulote by and a, and compare to dependable bearing pressure ond dependable sliding resistance tert). Check footing moment and sheor capets. G Hudson