Notes in MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

 Media and information Literacy (mil) Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media and
Information
 Intellectual property
 Fair use and creative commons
 Why is digital piracy a crime?
 What is intellectual property?
 Intellectual property is protected in law
 types of intellectual property
 Copyright
 Republic act 8293 - INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
 types of intellectual property (IP)
1. Design
2. Patent applications
 The famous gravity-defying lean of Michael Jackson
 The Shoes That Made Michael Jackson’s Anti-Gravity Lean Possible
3. Trademarks
4. Industrial design
5. Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin
 6. Fair use
Fair use means you can use copyrighted material without a license only for certain purposes.
These include:
 Commentary
 Criticism
 Reporting
 Research
 Teaching
 Fair use
Guidelines for Fair Use
 A majority of the content you create must be your own.
 Give credit to the copyright holder.
 Don't make money off of the copyrighted work.
 Creative commons
 is an American non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative
works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has
released several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses free of
charge to the public.
 Website https://creativecommons.org/about/
 Creative commons
 Attribution: You must credit the creator.
 Non-Commercial: You can't make a profit.
 No Derivative Works: You can't change the content.
 Share Alike: You can change the content, but you have to let other people use your new
work with the same license as the original.
 Creative commons
http://www.gcflearnfree.org/print/blogbasics/copyright-and-fair-use?
playlist=Blog_Basics

Digital Literacy Rap

.(2015). Andy Horne. YouTube. Retrieved October 9, 2016, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHPcPCq72f4
What is Digital citizenship?
Key principles with elements of digital citizenship
What is Netiquette?
The core rules of netiquette

The Core Rules of Netiquette. Shea, V. (1994). Core rules of netiquette. Netiquette
(Online ed., pp. 32-45). San Francisco: Albion Books.
http://www.albion.com/netiquette/introduction.html
 http://learning.colostate.edu/guides/guide.cfm?guideid=4
Rule 1: Remember the human
Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
What is Digital footprints?
#ThinkTwice - Your Digital Footprint Matters.(2016). Moore Public Schools. YouTube.
Retrieved October 9, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eSxZPu4oqQ
Accountability & Responsibility in a Digital World by Paul Davis.(2015).TEDxTalks.
YouTube.
Retrieved October 9, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaEn0BQS0vY

 Producers and Media Text

 Audience and Media text
Audience – receiver of message
 message should be fit to the target audience to facilitate communication
 the profile of the audience has a great influence on how the text is created.
- Genre
 comes from the French word meaning 'type' or 'class‘
 can be recognized by its common set of distinguishing features (codes and
conventions)
 What are codes and conventions?
CODES
 are systems of signs, which create meaning
CONVENTIONS
 are the generally accepted ways of doing something
Technical Codes
 ways in which equipment is used to tell the story (camera techniques, framing, depth of
fields, lighting and exposure, etc.)
 Video Presentation Technical Codes
Camera Angles with Zach King
.(2014). YouTube Channel: King Film School. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tD63b6Z-Tr0
 Technical Codes Camera Techniques
 Video Presentation Technical Codes
Camera Movement - Storytelling with Cinematography
.(2015).DSLRguide .Youtube.
Retrieved Sept. 15, 2016, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9APrV5cYnE
 Basic Camera Movements
 Technical Codes Lighting with Zach King
.(2014). YouTube Channel: King Film School. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6W70YkNjFKY
Symbolic Codes
 show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language,
clothing, color, etc. )
 Video Presentation Symbolic Codes
Symbolisms in Films
.(2010).YouTube Channel: Chris Constantine. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WhijmmePlU8
Written Codes
 use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language
style, etc. )
 Written Codes
  Video Presentation
Conventions

OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND POWER OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Economic opportunity…
(2011 Ascend-Commissioned Focus Groups)
…means a better future. – Latina Single Mother, California
…is the ability to advance either in your career or with your assets. – Single White Father, New
Mexico
…means more education. – Latina Single Mother, California
…is a chance to make more money. – African/American/Latino Married Fathers, Michigan
…means for people to get better jobs, more jobs. More jobs for adults who are out working and love
to work. – African-American Single Mother, Michigan
Economic Freedom
Economic freedom is the fundamental right of every human to control his or her own labor and
property. (www.heritage.org)
What is eCommerce
Electronic commerce, commonly written as e-commerce or eCommerce, is the trading or facilitation
of trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet.
 eCommerce Timeline
In early 1979, a 26” colour television was delivered to Michael Aldrich's office at Sussex, UK. It was a
prototype TV designed for a new service to be offered by the Post Office (PPT) called 'Prestel'.
Prestel - broadcasting service delivered using telephone lines.
- to be a paid commercial service providing information supplied by independent IPs (information
providers).
Aldrich took little notice of the 'TV' since they were too busy with their computer business.
A few weeks later, Peter Champion (one of Aldrich's engineer) 'stripped the TV' to look what was
inside. He had found a chip set with a chip modem, a character generator and an auto-dialler that
could hold four telephone numbers.
Aldrich then asked his staff to 'bodge up' a connection to link the prototype TV to one of their
computers. It worked!
What does this mean? Aldrich now has a domestic TV that could communicate, a computer that not
only could handle transaction processing from multiple users but it could also communicate (via
network) with other computers. The idea of 'teleshopping' was slowly emerging.
September 1979, Aldrich and his team, presented their system to a small computer conference, the
Data Entry Management Association Conference in New Orleans. It was a success.
Then, Roger Newman designed a multi-port controller for the TV and Jim Brethel built the complete
interface software to run the system.
In March1980, Aldrich publicly launched the new system of online shopping. He called the new
technology 'Videotex' to differentiate it from Prestel.
Aldrich marketed the new system to big corporations. The idea is to give them a medium wherein
they could connect their agents, distributors and customers to their corporate information systems for
direct shopping and sales. This idea became known as Business to Business (B2B) online shopping.
The first B2B became operational in 1981, and the first company that implemented it was Thomson
Holidays, a UK-based travel operator.
In 1982, Minitel was introduced nationwide in France.
Minitel - Videotex online service accessible through telephone lines, and is considered one of the
world's most successful pre-World Wide Web online services.
- offered online purchases, train reservations, check stock prices, search the telephone directory, a
mail box, and chat in a similar to that now made possible by the Internet
After 30 years, Minitel's plug was pulled in 2012.
CompuServe (CompuServe Information Service, also known by its acronym CIS) was the first major
commercial online service in the United States. It dominated the field during the 1980s and remained
a major player through the mid-1990s.
In April 1984, CompuServe launches the Electronic Mall in the USA and Canada.
Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working as a software
engineer for CERN, the large particle physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland. Scientists come
from all over the world to use its accelerators, but Sir Tim noticed that they were having difficulty
sharing information.
Sir Tim thought he saw a way to solve this problem through the fast-developing Internet.
In March 1989, Tim laid out his vision for what would become the Web in a document called
“Information Management: A Proposal”. Sir Tim's initial proposal was not immediately accepted.
The Web was never an official CERN project. But, Sir Tim still was able to work on it in September
1990 using a NeXT computer, one of Steve Job's early products.
By October 1990, Tim had written the three fundamental technologies that remain the foundation of
today's Web:
 HTML: HyperText Markup Language. The formatting language for the Web.
 URI: Uniform Resource Identifier. A kind of “address” that is unique and used to identify
to each resource on the Web. It also commonly called a URL.
 HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Allows for the retrieval of linked resources from
across the Web.
Sir Tim also wrote the first Web browser (“WorldWideWeb.app”) and the first Web server (“httpd”). By
the end of 1990, the first Web page was served on the open Internet, and in 1991, people outside of
CERN were invited to join this new Web community.
Sir Tim founded and Directs the World Wide Consortium (W3C), the forum for technical development
of the Web. He founded the Web Foundation whose mission is that the WWW serves Humanity, and
co-founded the Open Data Institute in London.
Question: What is the 'dotcom bubble'?
Answer: The dotcom bubble occured in the late 1990s and was characterized by a rapid rise in equity
markets (often referred to as the stock market) fueled by investments in Internet-based companies.
Book Stacks Unlimited was an online bookstore created by Charles M. Stack in 1992. Stack's store
began as a dial-up bulletin board located in Cleveland. It moved to the Internet as Books.com.
In 1994, Pizza Hut was the first national chain to offer online ordering with the option of home
delivery. The test restaurant was in Santa Cruz, California.
In 1994, Jeff Bezos left his job as vice-president of the Wall Street firm D.E. Shaw, moved to Seattle,
and began to work out a business plan for what would become Amazon.com.
He did all this after reading a report that projected annual Web growth at 2,300 percent, Bezos drew
up a list of 20 products that could be sold on the Internet.
Bezos narrowed his list to five: compact discs, computer hardware, computer software, videos, and
books. He eventually decided to sell books over the Web.
In 1995, Amazon.com debuts on the Web. And in just four months of operation, Amazon.com became
a very popular site on the Web, making high marks on several Internet rankings.
Amazon.com became a public company in May 1997 with an initial public offering (IPO) of three
million shares of common stock.
In 1998, Amazon.com entered into the online music business with over 125,000 music titles available.
In 1999, the firm expands into selling toys, electronics, tools, and hardware.
In 2015, Amazon.com's net income was at $596 million, with a total equity of $13.384 billion.
eBay was created in September 1995, by a man called Pierre Omidyar, who was living in San Jose.
He wanted his site - then called 'AuctionWeb' - to be an online marketplace, and wrote the first code
for it in one weekend.
eBay provided consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales services via the Internet.
Consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer services means that eBay.com is, basically, an
online auction and shopping website in which people and business buy and sell a broad variety of
goods and services worldwide.
In February 2002, the company (eBay Inc.) purchased iBazar, a similar European auction web site
founded in 1998, and then bought Paypal later that same year.
In 2015, eBay's net income totaled $1.72 billion, with a total equity of $6.57 billion.
Paypal was established in December 1998 as Confinity, a company founded by Max Levchin, Peter
Thiel, Luke Nosek and Ken Howery.
In March 2000, Confinity merged with X.com, an online banking company founded by Elon Musk.
PayPal Holdings, Inc. performs as an acquirer, that is, performing payment processing for online
vendors, auction sites and other commercial users, for which it charges a fee.
Paypal had its IPO in 2002 listed under the ticker PYPL at $13 per share and ended up generating
over $61 million.
Shortly after PayPal's IPO, the company was acquired by eBay in July 2002 for $1.5 billion.
In 2015, PayPal's profit was totaled $1.22 billion, with a total equity of $13.75 billion.
What is E-Learning
E-Learning stands for Electronic Learning.
E-Learning is the use of information and Communications Technology (ICT) devices to teach and
learn electronically, that is, the learner uses Computer devices whether Internet enabled or not to
carry out their learning process.
E-Learning Timeline
1924, The First Testing Machine. Ohio State University Professor Sidney Pressey invented the
“Automatic Teacher”, considered the first device in Electronic Learning.
The device resembles a typewriter with a window that could administer multiple-choice questions.
1954, The First Teaching Machine. Harvard Professor BF Skinner creates the “Teaching Machine” for
use in schools.
1960, Computer Based Training. PLATO-Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operation was
the first computer-based training (CBT) program. It offered drills and the ability to skip questions. the
cost was $12,000 at that time.
Three factors facilitated the “evolution” of E-Learning in the following years:
 the creation of ARPANET in 1972,
 computer mouse and Graphical User Interface, during the 1970s, and,
 the advent of Personal Computer in the 1980s
1983, MIT anounces “Project Athena”, a five-year initiative to explore innovative uses of computer for
teaching.
According to http://web.mit.edu/acs/athena.html, Project Athena's mandate was to explore diverse
uses of computing and to build the base of knowledge needed for a longer term strategic decision
about how computers fit into the MIT curriculum.
In January of 1988, Project Athena was granted a three-year extension to the original five-year
program. and on June 30, 1991, Project Athena came to an end.
The product of Project Athena - the Athena system itself - was adopted as MIT's academic computing
infrastructure.
The next three decades of E-Learning:
1990s, The term “Digital Native” is born. E-mail takes off (after it was first introduced in 1972). Virtual
Learning Environments (VLE) begin.
2000s, Businesses begin rolling out E-Learning courses as a central way to train workers. A wide
range of online learning opportunities are available.
2010+. Social Online Learning. A new wave of learning inspired by Social Media: YouTube, Twitter,
Skype, etc.
What is Social Networking
According to Google, Social networking is the use of dedicated websites and applications to interact
with other users, or to find people with similar interests to oneself.
Social Networking Timeline
BBS, AOL and CompuServe started them all.
A Bulletin Board System, or BBS, is a computer system running software that allows users to connect
and log in to the system using a terminal program.
The first public dial-up Bulletin Board System was developed by Ward Christensen. Christensen
along with fellow hobbyist Randy Suess, began preliminary work on th Computerized Bulletin Board
System, or CBBS. CBBS went online on February 16, 1978 in Chicago, Illinois.
AOL began in 1983, as a short-lived venture called Control Video Corporation (or CVC), founded by
Bill von Meister
AOL Inc. (simply known as AOL, originally known as America Online), is an American global mass
media corporation based in New York that develops, grows, and invests in brands and web sites.
AOL originally provided dial-up service to millions of Americans.
Some of the first social networking sites are:
 1995, classmates.com
 1997, sixdegrees.com
 1997, asianavenue.com
 1999, blackplanet.com
Social Networking Timeline
In 2002, Friendster was launched. Founded by Jonathan Abrams. Friendster was one of the first
among social networking sites to attain over 1 million members.
MySpace is a social networking site created in 2003. Chris DeWolfe, Brad Greenspan, Tom
Anderson, and Josh Berman worked on the project after realizing the potential of Friendster.
Facebook was launched on February 4, 2004. Founded by Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin.
The website's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students.
Threats, Risks, Abuse, Misuse
Phishing - the activity of defrauding an online account holder of financial information by posing as a
legitimate company.
Citizen Journalism - the collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the
general public, especially by means of the Internet
Human Trafficking