rye Poy» — cTparuBatoutat Harpy3Ka Aa O6canHbtx Tpy6 u3 craqH rpymmbt mpownocru JI, papua 1,59 MH; G — ycuane saraxkn npu oOBasKe OOcamHOlt KomOHHbI (6epeTca No AaHHEIM OypoBoro 2%KypHaaa), pasxoe 0,5 MH; k — 3anac mpounocru, KoTopsiii npHHuMaem paB- upmm_1,5. Tloqeraniasa uupospe Beau4HHE! B dopmysy (VIII.3), noayuum (49-08) Py = Sayeaeo— = 34,6: 10° Ta. U3 TlOJIYYCHHBIX = JIBYX 3HayeHHit Py TIPHHHMaeM MeHbILee (34,6 MITa). Bo3smorknoe sa6oiHoe AaBeHHe Np ZaBeHHH Ha ycrbe 34,6 MITa cocraBuT Ps = Py + pg (H — hi) = 34,6- 10° + 950-9,81 (2000 — 64) = == 52,6- 108 Ila. YuuTbipad, TO MoTpeOHoe AaBseHHe pa3pbIBa Ha 3a60e MeHbUIe (35 MIa), qapmenne Ha ycTbe CKBaxKHHDI Py = Pay — Pg (H —h) = 35- 10° — 950-9,81 (2000 — 64) = 16,95- 10° Ta. CreoBaTe1bHo, aBleHve Ha ycrbe ckBaxkuHb! (16,95 MIJa) nuxe AONYCTHMOTO AIA MpHHATEIX TpyO M3 cTamM rpynm mpounocrn D (npu ToauimHe crenkn 12 MM TpyObI HCMbITHIBalOTCA Ha BHYTPeHHee Aapgenve 53,1 MIla). Tlostomy yaa yMeHbWweHHA ruApaBAMYecKHX CONPOTHBACHHH pH 3akauke paOounx AHAKOCTel H WA CHMKeHHA o6ulero AaBaenun paspbipa FPII ocymecraisem HenocpeycreeHHo wepes KONOHHY OGcaqHbIx Tpy6. KosuuectBo XXHXKOCTH paspbiBa He MomaeTcH TOUHOMY pacueTy. Ono 3aBHCHT OT BASKOCTH MKMKOCTH pa3spbBa H ee bHALTpyemoctH, MpOHHLaemocTH Nopod NpHsaGoiHolt 30HbI CKBAXKHHDI (Cc yYeTOM ecTe- CTBEHHOH TpelMHOBaTOCTH), TeMMa 3aKaYKH 2MIKOCTH M JaBeHHA pasppiga. [lo onbiribim JaHHbIM OObeM XAHAKOCTH paspbIBa H3MeHAeTCA or 5 no 10 Mm. Jira qanHok ckBaxkunbl npunumaem cpeanuii o6bem Vy = 7,5 mM? nepra. KoanuectBo 2UJKOCTH-MeCKOHOCHTeIA 3aBHCUT OT CRO/CTB STO XUAKOCTH (BASKOCTL, PHbTPYeMOcTh H MecKOYJepxKHBaloUaA cro- coOvocrb), KO.M4eCTBa 3aka¥MBaeMorO B MacT mecKa MH ero KOH- uentpanun. O6ujee KoOAMYeCTBO NecKa oMpeyeameTcA cyMMapubIM O6beMOM MO/YYCHHBIX BHOBb HM PaClIHpeHHbIX ECTECTBEHHBIX TPelullHH m10c OGbeM HMeIOULHXCA B OTACAbHBIX CyYaAX KaBepH H MycTOT. Ho 9srH o6bembl He Mosjaiorcs 3apanee Lake MpHOAWKeHHOMy pacueTy, a TOSTOMy HeTb3A ONpeyeAMTh pacveroM KOAMYeCTBO MOTpe6Horo necka, Ilo qaHHbIM OTeyecTBeHHOH u 3apyGexKHO NpakTHKH peKOMeH- Ayetca mpunumaTp 8—10 Tr necka nH Oombwie Ha OAHY cKBaKUHY. Kouuenrpayua mecka C 3aBncHT OT BASKOCTH %XHAKOCTH-IeCKOHO- cute 1 Tema ee 3aKa%KH. PexomenayeTcA MpHHUMaT CieLYIOULyI0 KOHWeHTPauMio MecKa: AA He@rH BaskoctsIo Gonee 5 cIla-c 150— 151300 r/a, a Ana 3aryuleHHEIX HedprenpoxyKToB BAsKOCTHIO No 25 cIla+c 300—-500 r/n. IJpuuumaem C = 300 r/a uan 0,3 1/m . Tipu stom ycropuu o6beM 2H{KOCTH-MecKOHOCHTeTA Voge u = Gy/C = eg = 26,7 WP (G,, — conepxauue mecka, 7). OntumanpHyl0 KOHUeHTpalHio necKa MOXHO ONpesesHTb B 3aBH- CHMOCTH OT CKOpPOCTH ocaxKeHHA 3epeH mecKa B paOoyei wAuAKOCTH lo aMNupHYecKOH dopmy.1e atin et C= 4000/2, (ViIL.4) 40 rae C— KouleHTpaywua mecka, 30 Peg ac eee Kr/M; ¥—cKopocrb ocaxkqeHnt a | ime sepeH mecka yuamerpom 0,8 MM, ; m/q. B 3aBHCHMOCrH OT BASKOCTH WKUAKOCTH 3HayeHHe U HaXOJHM 10 5 4 Peet He puc. VIII.2. 6p | JjaA BA3KOCTH >xKHAKOCTH-Hec- 4 QU kouocutens 25 clla-c v = 12 m/u, B nostomy C = 4000 : 12 = 333 xr/%. e CneyozatetbHo, B oGbeme 26,7 m® ery TT cofepxKanue necka cocraput G, = 7 1 iz = 333-26,7 = 8900 xr nan 8,9 T. tert “CON OGbem *KHIKOCTH -MeCKOHOCHTe1 A 08 | | AomKeH ObITh HeCKONBKO MeHbUIe fa | | Th eMKOCTH KONOHHBI Tpy6, Tak Kak 6810 1) 30. 60 109 aa pH 8akauke STO 2%HAKOCTH B OGb- eM@, MpeBbIWalolleM @MKOCTh KO- Pue. VIII.2. 3asucumocrb ckopocrTi JIOHHEI, Hacochl B KOHIe mpowecca RaletwA sepen mMecka OT BASKOCTH 3aKauKH (Mocae 3anonNeHuAn Tpy6) 2KU[LKOCTH-NeCKOHOCHTENA 6ynyt paGorath MPH BBICOKOM jaB- H€HHH, HeoOOxoLHMOM WIst MmpoaB- JMBaHHA TecKa B TPeLHHbl. SakauKa We WHAKOCTH C abpasHBHbIMH WaCTHUAMH IPH BRICOKHX RaBCHHAX MPHBOANT K OH GbIcTpomMy H3HOCy UMMHApOB H KarlaHoB Hacocos. Tipu sakauxe paGoueit 2xHAKOCTH HeMOCpexcTBeHHO MoO OGcaqHoit KOJIOHHE MOXKHO 3a OHH MpMveM BBECTH B [acl B HECKOJIbKO pas Gombe Mecka, 4eM pH 3aKa¥Ke ee Yepe3s HacocHo-KomMpeccopHBle Tpy6nt. Emxoctb oOOcaaHBIX KOJOHH H KOIHYECTBO Haxofsmeroch B HUX necka npHBenensi B Tab. VIII.2. Kak pugno u3 stoi Ta61MIET, eM- Koctb 168-mm o6caquoi KOMOHHE AmuHolt 2000 mM cocraBaaer 36 M’, a IIpHHATOe KONHYeCTBO 2KHAKOCTH-MeckoHOcHTeiA — 26,7 >, Uro6pt Ha 3a60e CKBaXKHHBI He OCTaOCb YacTH MecKa, O6beM Mpo- Maporwnolt AupKocTH ceLyeT MpAHHMaTb Ha 20—30% Goabme oOb- €Ma KOJIOHHEI, NO KOTOpoli 3akaynBaetcn MecoK. M36nirounsili o6bem 152TaGanua VIIL2 Koawuecreo necka, pBoaHMoro B cKBaKHHY “Hepes oGcaguyio KorOHHY 146-104 Kononua 168+ KOOHNA TayCnna Conepranue mecha » Kr Coneprcanue necka p Kr crnarcnman | Brxgers, | pw Konuentpaunin | Ewkoers, |” pw Konuewpatuit ” * 200 r/a— | 300 r/a 200 r/x 300 r/2 500 6,25 1250 1875 9,0 1800 2700 750 9,4 1880 2820 13,5 2700 4050 1000 12,5 2500 3750 18,0 3600 5 400 1250 15,6 3120 4680 22,5 4500 6750 1500 18,8 3760 5640 27,0 5400 8 100 1750 21,8 4360 6540 31,4 6280 9 420 2000 25,0 5000 7500 36,0 7200 10 800 MPOMaBOYHOH XRUAKOCIH NOIKEH 3aKaYHBaTbCA B CKBAKHHY mPH CHHKCHHOM JaBJieHHH BO wu36exKaHue OTTECHEHHA MecKa H CMbIKaHHA TPelMH BOSH CTeHOK CKBaaKHHbI. Heo6xo,umblii OGbem mposaBounolt KU DKOCTH Vap = 1,30D3H/4 = 1,3-3,14-0,15°- 2000/4 = 46 m?, rae D, = 0,15 m — cpeannit BuyTpenHHii Auamerp 168-mM KomOHHBI. OGiax MpoxoAKUTeMbHOCTh Mpowecca rHzpopaspEiBa t= Up texan temp 7,5-+ 26,7 +46 iss Q + 1300 = 1,484 nau 1429 mun, rae Q — cytounniit pacxox pa6ouelt »*xuAKocTH, M3. Pagquyc ropu30ntTaipvol TpeuHHbl MpHOWxKeHHO MOXKHO ompe- ACAMT Mo aMNMpHyecKoH dopmye re -(@ Vey" , (iit) rye C — aMNupHuecKH KOappauneHT, 3aBHCAMMI OT TOpHOro AaB.e- HHA H XapaKTepHCTHKH TOPHEIX NOpOA, KOTOPbIit NA CKBAKMHDI ry- Onno 2000 M npHuuMaerca paBHymm 0,02; Q — pacxon xH-KOCTH PaspbiBa; — BASKOCTh WAUAKOCTH paspbiBa; 7, — BpeMA SakaykKH XKUIKOCTH paspHiBa; & — nponunaemocts nopox. B Hameit saqaye Q 15 a/c nan 900 a/mun, p = 0,05 Ma-c; ¢, = 7,5- 1440/1300 = 8,3 mun; k = 50-1075 m®. Torga no d@opmyvte (VIII.5) r, = 0,02 (900 / EERE RT 5.74 wy, Tpounmaemocrh ropHs0HnTasbHol TpellMHb! onpexenAetca Mo op- Mysie ky = 0/108 12, (VIII 6) Tye © — umpuna TpenuHEt (npHHuMaem @ = 0,1 cm). =0,0615 cyr= 153Torga nonyaum no (VIII.6) k, = 0,17/108. 12 = 83,3- 107° a. Tlpoxuuaemocrs mpusa6oiivon sonst hyh +- ke fog, = EE, (VuIL7) Tae &, — npowuiaemocrb miacra, papnaa 50-1071 m?; h — adpex- THBHAaA MOULHOcTh Macra (2 = 10 wm); @ = 0,001 m. Tlo gopmyae (VIII.7) noayaum 8,38-10- a, Tlponuuaemocts Bee ApeHarxkHoli cucTeMbI Anka. s Ig fe ky. = —— p> (VIIL8) fase + bale rye R, — paawyc KOHTYpa NMTaHHA CKBAXKMHEL WM MosOBHHA cpes- HeTO pacCTOAHUA MexKTY ABYMA COCeHUMM CKBaxKMHAMH, NIPHHH- maem R, = 250 M; r, — pamuye 3a60m cKBaKUMI, KoTOpbI paBeH 0,075 mM; ry — paquyc Tpemmul, r, = 5,7 M. Tlogcrabas wnppospie svavenua BeanunH B dopmyay (VIII.8), uMeem 250 +10745.. 10-12 7 50-10-1S-8,38 10-19 1g Te ©8838-1078 Ig 22 450-1071 ee ort = 0,106-10°? a, 5 Kak BHHO H3 sToro pacuera, NpH HaMM4HH TOABKO OAHOI ropu- B0HTaIbHON TpeulHHE! wHpHHol 0,1 cm sHauHTeTbHO yBemHuHBaeTCA TpOHMUaeMocTh NpH3a6oHHO! 3OHEI H KaK Obi B ABA paga NoBbUUAeTCA TpoHHuaemocTL Bceli ApeHaxHOH CucTeMbl Nacta. B arHx ycOBMAX (bakTHYeCKH BCH %KHAKOCTS CPubTpyeTcs Mo TpeuwHe. Tak Kak MoTepH Hanlopa B TPelliMHe HHYTOXKHO Mal, MOXHO TIpH- HATb, YTO MAKCHMaJbHbIit AeOUT CKBAXKHHLI Nocne THApaBANyecKOrO paspbiBa c OOpasoBakvem B npusa6olinoll 30He TOPUSOHTAILHLIX HAH BEPTHKaJIbHBIX TpewlMH MOxKHO Halird no dopmyase JLomon Q a re che . (VIIL9) pin Re te rae Q — makcumanbupilt qe6ur, m/c; ky. — MpowMiaemocrs nacta (apenaxkHolt cucremb!) nocae ruspopa3ppiBa; A — adipeKTHBHaA MOUL- HocTh miacra; Ap —nenpeccna na 3a6oe, Ap = Pus — Ps. p = = (15 — 12) 10®%= 3 MIla; » — AuHamu4ecKaad BASKOCTL HedTH, KoTopas papa | cIla-c. 154C yuerom yka3aHnubIx BemHunH mo cbopmyse (VIII.9) nomyaum 2-3,14-0,106-10-12-10-3-108 Q= ee = 5,82 107 Bc 10°2-2,31g a = 46 w*/cyt = 43,7 t/cyT. Tipu TPIT xugkocth 3akayupaetcs no oOcagnoi KonOHHeE MIpH Aabaenuu Ha ycrpe 16,95 MIJa npH nomoulH WeMeHTHpOBOUHEIX arpe- ratos I[A-320M. JJua upuusToro temna 3aKaykH %*KHAKOCTel (g = == 15 a/c) Heo6xoquMoe UMCAO HacOCHbIX arperaToB MpH OfHOM pesepB- HOM CocTaBHT n-—44, (VIII.10) THE dar = 5,1 a/c — npowsBoquTetbHoctb ofHoro arperaTa Ha BTO- pofi ckopocrn upu p = 18,2 MIla. Caegosateabuo, no dopmyve (vill. 10) 15 N= sy Jina MaKCHMasIbHOrO CHH2KeHHA ToTeph Hamopa BO BCacbIBalomelt uacTH HaCOca IPH Saka4Ke BASKUX 2%uAKOCTEl C NECKOM H JIA Moy YeHHA HOMMHAILHON MogauH HEOOXOLHMO, YTOOsI Ha MIpHeMe HacocHBIX arperaTos Obi Hanop B 0,1—0,2 MIla. Jaa BcnomoratedbHEIX pa6or H IIA 3aKaNKM B CKBAKUHY 2KUAKO- CTH-MeCKOHOCHTeMA C TECKOM MpHMeHsIeM IleMeHTHPOBOUHBIe arperatet HH3KOrO RaBAeHHA. Tas cMenMBanusa necKa ¢ 2KHAKOCTbIO NpuMeHsem cneuManDHEt nlecKocmecuTeibHbIt arperat 3ITA, umeiounit Gynkep ua 8 T necka, M MexaHMyeckyio JlomacTHy!o MemlaJKy. Konrpob 3a KoNueHTpaleli mecKa B padoteli *KHAKOCTH OcyIe- CIBAACTCH CHCHHAALUbIMH apeOMeTPaMH, UIKAa/a KOTOPLIX MoKagbIBaeT KOHIeHTpaluio mecka B Kr/M. Jlonyctu, Aaa JocraBKH K cKBaxKHHE paouell 2KHAKOCTH NpHMe- HeHbI aBTounctepHbI 4-I.P emkoctsio no 10 m*. B stom o6beme paGoueli XKUAKOCTH MOET HAXOAUTHCA BO BSBELIEHHOM COCTOAHHM B 3aBHCHMO- CTH OT BASKOCTH %KHAKOCcTH 2—4 M* necka. STH aBTOLHCTePHbI HMeIOT Hacocbl nogaueit 10—20 a/c c gaBeHvem Ha BEIKuge 0,3 MI a, KoToppie CIyKaT WIA SalOHeHMA WMCTePH M AIA 3aKa¥KH XKMAKOCTH B TecKO- cMecHTeIbHBI arperaT. Oxugaempii appext or PPI] npexsapurestbuo MomkHO onpexeauTh MO npn6anxKeHHOH dopmyse I. K. Makcumosuya, B KOTOpo paguyc CKBaxHHbI r, Nocae PIT npunumaercs paBHbim pakvycy TpellMHB! r, 1 = QQ = Ig | (VELA) -l=4. THe Q, 4 Q, — NeOuT CKBaKHHBI COOTBETCTBEHHO JO M Moce rH~po- Pasppipa, R, = 250 m; 7, = 0,075 mM; r, = 5,7 M.Tlo cbopmyae (VIII.11) umeem 250 250 ' le ore [eee 27 (pasa). @axruyeckaa shpeKTHBHOCTh MOET ObITh HECKONbKO HWKe, Tak Kak MPM ABHXKEHHH MUAKOCTH M0 TPeMHHaM, 3aNOJHeHHLIM MeCKOM, Ha6moqaloTcs HeyYHTHIBaeMble (hopMyoi HeGoAbUMe NoTepH Hatlopa. 2, PACUET OBPABOTKH 3AB09 CKBA)KHH CONAHOM KHCHOTOA 3adara 78. Mpopecru comsHoKucaoTHy!o O6pa6orky CKBa?KMUBI, uMelouleli Cnexylouly¥ Xapaktepuctuky: ryOuna H = 1420 m; BcKpsi- Tas appektHBHaa MowlHOcTh KapOonarHoro niacta A = 20 mM; mpoHu- uaemoctb Hopog Bbicokas (0,5- 10°! m*); maacropoe JaBenue HUSKOe (0,7 MMa); Hvaxe BcKppiroro naacta umeetca 3ymnd rayOuxolt 10 mM; BHYTpeHHNH wamerp cKBaxunbt D = 0,15 M; AHameTp HacocHo- KOMHpeccopHhix tpy6 d = 0,05 m. Onpeseauth HeoOxoquMoe KOAMYeCTBO XHMHKATOB. Jka 3aaHHbix ycuoBHii 1pHHuMaem KOHUeHTpauMio KHCAOTHI 10% Tipu cpeateli Hopme pacxoga stoi Kucaorbt 1,2 M* wa | M nHTepBana o6pa6orKn o6mHi OObem coAAHOH KHcHOTHI CocraBHT 1,2-20 = 24 wm. Koanuecrso HeOOxXOQUMBIX JU MPHTOTOBNEHHA COMAHOKUCAOTHOFO pacrBopa KOHUeHTpPHpoBanHoOH 27,5%-nOl KHCJOTEI H BObI MOXKHO afin no taGa. VIII.3. Pacuem Koauuecmea xumurkamoe u 6ode. To 1a6a. VIII.3 na mpu- roropsienve 10 Mm? 10%-Horo comsHoKHucaorHoro pacrBopa rpe6yerca 3890 kr 27,5%-Hof HC] n 6,6 m® Bogut, a Ha 24 mM’ 10%-Horo coAaHoO- KHCJOTHOTO PacTBOpa HeEOOXOAMMO KOHMeHTpHpoBaHHol HCl W, = 3890-24/10 = 9350 xr H BObI V =6,6-24/10 = 15,8 a0. Ta6anua VIS Koumuectso KHCKOTM M BoxsI AIK MPHFOTOBNeHHA coAMHOKACAOTHOTO pacrBopa Konyentpaynsa passenennolt kucnors, % O6pem pasnexennoti Kuenors, 3 8 10 2 “4 6 1840/4,38 2330/3,96 2830/3,52 3320/3,40 8 2460'5,84 3110/5,28 3770/4,68 4400/4,16 10 3080/7,30 3890/6,60 4720/5,87 5560/5, 14 Tipumeveue. B wmemrene yKagato KomMecrso KoHKenTpupoBAlHtON KHlenoTH, Kr, @ B SHaMeHaTese — KOMAWECTBO BORN, M* 156.KoanyectBo KONWeHTpHpoBalHo ToBapHOol conAHOH KUCcAOTHI qin 10%-Horo CONAHOKUCAOTHOrO pacTBOpa MO*KHO Takxe HaiiTH nO cbopmyvte AxW (B—z) Face eee Ne W.= Fase” (VIIL.12) rae A u B — uncnospie Koappunuenta (ra6a. VIII.4); W — o6nem KHCJIOTHOYO pacrBopa. B Haulem MpHMepe just 10% -Holi KHcAOTHI YNCHOBOH Kosh bunient A = 214, a na 27%-noit — xoshpuunenr B = 226; x — 10%-nasa KOHUCHTPailHA COAHOKHCAOTHOTO pacrBopa; z— 27,5%-Han Kon- ueHtTpallua TOBapHol KucnorH; W = 24 m® — o6bem KucAoTHOrO pacrBopa. Cregopareabuo, no dbopmyae (VIII.12) 214 10.24 (226 — 27,5) 7 Wae= 296-97,5 (21410) 8,0 B Kauecrse HuruGuropa mpHHHMaeM KaTHoHOaKkTuBHBIt pearenT — KaTHon A B KoanuecrBe 0,01% oGbema KHCAOTHOrO pacrBopa. TIporup sBbinayeHua M3 COAMHOKUCHOTHOrO pacTBOpa coyep2xKa- MuXCH B HEM coveli Aenesa YOFABAAeM YKCYCHYI0 KHCAOTY B KoJHue- crBe Qy.n = 10006W/e, am", (VIII.13) rae 6 — npouenr 206aBKH yKcycHol KucioTb K oGbemy pacrBopa (6 =f + 0,8 = 0,7 4- 0,8 = 1,5%; f — cogep2xanue B comAHOM KHCTOTe cove 2ene3a, IpHnuMaem paBHbim 0,7%); W = 24 mu? — o6nem COMAHOKHCAOTHOTO PacrBopa; ¢ — KOHUeHTPalHA yKCyCHOH KUCMOTEI (npuuumaem 80%). Tlogcrapus uuciopbie 3HayeHua BeAnu4uHH B copmyay (VIII.13), HMCceM Qy. «= 1000-1,5-24/80 = 450 am®. B ropapuoii coaanolt xucaore Broporo copra Coxepakurca NpHMech cepHoli KucmoTbI 20 0,6% (B nepecuete Ha SO,), KoTOpas Moca peaK- TaGnuna VIIL4 Snavenna Kosppuunentos Au B ze BA ax | BA 5,15-—12,19 214,0 29,95—31,52 227,5 13,19—18,11 218,0 32,10—33,40 229,5 19,06—24,78 221,5 34,42 —37,22 232,0 25,75 —29,57 226,0 - = Hpumcuanne 3aech x—nouuentpauus consuoxucnornoro pactsopa, % KowueHTpas TOBApHOU KUenOT, %ILHM e€ C YPeKHCJIbIM KaIbuveM OOpa3syer runic, BbINajaiouml B BUTE KpHCTaq10B, 3aKyNopHBaiomlux noppt maacta. IIporus Bpinazenna runca AoGaBaaeM K COMAHOM KHCTOTe XMOpucTEI SOapuli Qe = 21,38 (= -0,02), KT, (VIIT.14) rae W — o6nem commHoKucoTHoro pacrBopa; a — conepaxaHne SO, B TOBapHOli ComAHO! KuCAOTe; X — KOHUEHTPalus COMAHOKMCAOTHOTO pacrBopa; 2 — KOHWeHTpallva TOBapHor KucroTE. B Hawem npHMepe W = 24 wm; a = 0,6%; x = 10%; z = 27,5%. Torza mo dopmyae (VII.14) noayuum Qeog = 21,3-24 (a — 0,02) sw 100 Kr nam 25 av? np mioTmocrH xviopucroro Gapusa 4,0. B wauectse unTeHcuukaTopa WIA MONWKEHUA MOBepxHocrHOro HaTA2KeHHA TpuMensem mpenapat JC (qeTeprent copercKuit), KOTOpbIit OLHOBPeMCHHO ABAKeTCH WHTHOUTOpOM HM HanGoJee AKTHBHDIM NOHH- SHTeEM CKOPOCTH PeakUHH COMAHOH KUCAOTEI C NoposOli. Bombutoe CHUKeHMe (B HECKOIbKO pa3) CKOpocTH peakitun cmoco6erByer Govlee rAyOOKOMY MIpOHAKHOBeHMIO KHCOTH B Mlacr. Heo6xoxumoe Kkonuyectso JIC cocrasaset 1—1,5% o6nema cous- HOKMCOTHOrO pacrBopa (npHHumaem 1%), 7. e. 24-0,01 = 0,24 mo wan 240 a5. Koanuecrso Bosbl 18 MpHroroRienua NpHuaTOrO OGbema comA- HOKHCOTHOTO pacrBopa V=W—W,—DQ, (VIII. 15) rye W—o6bem coaaHokucaoTHoro pactBsopa; W, — o6bem KoH- WeHTPHpoBaHHO ToBapHoH conaHol KucaoTH (W, = 8 mM’); Y Q— cyMMapHbiii o6beM BCeX 4O6aBOK Kk CO/IAHOKHCHOTHOMY pacTBOpy (ykcycHas Kucrora, xsopucrsili Oapuli, UC), YQ = 450 + 25 + ++ 240 = 715 am® = 0,715 Me. CaeqoBatetbHo, no dopmyvie (VIII.15) V = 24—8—0,715 = 15,3 m* Zlaa usoaaunn 3ymmba mpu o6paborke cHusy BBepx mpuMelAeM pacrBop XJOpHcToro KabUHA (61aHKeT) OTHOCHTeAbHOH NoTHOCTH 1,2. O6bem oOfHOTO MeTpa CTBOJa CKBaXKHHbI BHYTPeHHUM AMaMeTpOM 0,15 m cocrasaser 0,785-0,15® = 0,018 m®, a o6pem 10 m aymmda 6yzer 0,18 Ms. Alaa TO yueHHuA 1 a PacTBopa XJIOPHCTOrO KaJIbUHA OTHOCHTCJIb- HoH nsotuocrhro 1,2 Tpebyerca 540 Kr CaCl, nu 0,66 m® Boge. na W30.1MMH Bcero 3yMMpa Hago B3aTb: CaCl, — 540-0,18 = 97 xr M Bosh 0,66-0,18 = 0,12 mi, Tlocae MIPHPOTOBCHHA COMAHOKHCJOTHOTO pacTBOpa NpoBepAOT apeoMeTpoM mosy4eHHy!0 KOHUeHTpauwio pacrBopa HCI u, ecan oHa He COOTBeTCTBycT 3afaHHoll, RoOaBAIOT K pacTBOpy Boxy HH KOHMCHTPHPOBaHHyio KHCHOTY. 158Koauuectso jo6aBanemMoit BoAbI npu KOHUWeHTpanun HCl > 10% ompeseisetca mo opmyse —p)W =e, (V111.16) a KONMYeCTBO JOGaBAAeMOM COAAHOH KHCOTH, eCMH KOHUeHTpanHA HC! < 10%, — no dopmyae wae, (VIL17) THE g, MU qx — O6bembi AoOaBaAsemol BOALI HM KOHUeHTpHPOBaHHOt Kucmotsi, M’; W — o6nem coasHokucnorHoro pacrsopa 10% -Hol KOHUeHTpalHh; 9 — MIOTHOCTh pacTBopa 3ajlaHHoH KOHUCHTpallny, 1 H Pg — MIOTHOCTh MPHFOTOBJeHHOTO PacTBOpa COOTBETCTBEHHO No- HHKeHHOM H MOBBILeHHOL KOHLCHTPaln; Ps; — MIOTHOCTh KOHIeH- TPHPOBAHHOH coOdaAHO KHCIOTHI. Alo 3aka4KH COAMHOM KHCIOTE CKBAKMHY HEOOXOAUMO 3aNOMHUTS ne@rpio. TIpH 3akauKe KHCJOTEI HeOOXOAHMO, YTOObI OHA 3anONHHAa BbIKHAHYIO JJHHHIO 2vameTpom 0,05 mM, aHHOM 100 M or HacocHoro arperata (0,00198-100 = 0,2 m*), npombiBounne TpyOLl yNamMeTpom 0,05 mM, qrHnof 1400 m (0,00198- 1400 = 2,8 M%) H HmKHIOIO YacTD CKBAKHHEI OT NOsOWBH AO KpoBan macta (0,018-20 = 0,36 m®), Beero 3,36 Mm. Tlocae sroro ycrbe CKBaxKHHbI repMeTH3HpyloT H pac- TBOP NOL WaBeHHeM Saka4¥HBaloT B MpH3abolny!o B30Hy Nvacta. Zlaa Borrecnenus Beeit commHol KHCAOTEI B Maacr Tpebyerca 3,36 M> Hern. Jia consnoKucaoTHon o6pa6oTKH mpu3a6oiinol 30HEI CKBaKHH NIpuMensiorca CneinanbHble arperarst ASMHMAIII-30 (taba. VIII.5). Ilpu Bricoxux jaBneHHAX Ty4WIe MpuMeHATb Gonee MouHbIe arpe- rarbt — AsHHMAIL-30A (ra6a. VIII.6). Sru arperatst npequasna- YeHHI (1A ThaHCNOpTHPOBKH, CMeLIeHHA H HarHeTaHHA pacTBOpa KHC- JIOTbI B CKBAMKHHY, a Take WIA NPOBeJCHHA THAPOKHCJIOTHbIX pa3- PbIBOB MacToB. q« TaGauua VIILS Texunuecxas xapakrepuctuka arperata AsHHMALI-30 Maywxep quamerpow Tlaynaxep qnamerpoxt eee 90 ae 110 wat spauentia Cxopoers | xopennoro | Teoperu- Teopern- saa nacoca, | yeckan no- | anaeuse, | ecxan mo- | Jansenno, o6/unH Raua Hacoca, Ma ava uacoca, ‘MITa ale | ale I 46,6 1,86 50,0 2,80 33, M1 89,0 3,50 26,1 5,35 17,40 Vv 159,0 6,40 14,6 9,50 9,75 v 204,0 8,20 44 12,2 7,60 159TaOanua VIILG Texnmueckan xapakrepucritka arperara Aa HHMAUI-30A Tiaywoxep quan 0 ae yep, anerpoM ayuonep,ztaterpon Cropocts | _Kopennoro er Teopern- Teopetn- Bada Hacoca, | yeckaa No- lal He, cKan T0- aseHHe, ofa” | xasasnacoce, | "MH" | gave acess, | 7*Ra ae afe | u 54,9 2,50 50 3,60 33,2 1 104,5 4.76 B 6.85 174 Iv 183,5 8148 14 12,92 97 Vv 240.0 10,81 i 15,72 76 3. NPHMEHEHHE HE®TEKHCJOTHBIX SMYJIbCHA QJIA OBPASOTKH KAPBOHATHBIX MOPOX Pasmepbt o6pabatbBaemoit 3oHbI KapOoHaTHOTO Macra 3aBUCAT OT MPOAOMKHTEMBHOCTH HeliTpamHsanHM KUCHOTHI B MacTOBBIX ycs0- BHAX. YcTAHOBJEHO, UTO C NOBLIWeHHeM JaBreHua or 5 go 30 MIla CKOpocTs B3aHMOJeHCTBHA KHCIOTHI ¢ Noposoli cHMKaeTcA, a MpH Mapsenuu cppine 40 Mla npaxtuyeckn ocrosnna. C nosbienuem temnepatyppi or 30! x0 373 K cxopocth B3aNMoyelicTBHA HHTeHCHBHO Bo3pacraet. B nnreppane 423—523 K ckopocth mpakruyeckH m0- cTOAHHa. Pa3mepbt no_Bepraemolt XHMHYeCKOMYy BOS/elCTBHIO 30HbI MWlacra MOXKHO YBEAMYHTh HYTeM 3aMeqeHHA HeliTpanM3sauMM KAcMOTE. Sto Mocturaerca 3a CueT MpHMeHeHHaA paspa6oranHerx CesKasHHIIH- He@rpio THApo@oGHEIx KMCHOTHbIX SMyJIbCHHT, KOTOpble cocrosxT US 50—70% -nolt coMAHOM KUCMOTHI, yreBoJOpomHO! cpesbt HW peareHTa- cra6unusatopa. IIpumenenne Takux sMyabcnit MpeqoTBpaulaer B Te- YeHHe HEKOTOPOTO BPEMCHM BCTYMJCHHE KHCIOTH B peakiHH Cc MOpo- Roll, coxpanan ee B AMerepcHOM cocTosHHH. Bro TosBomAeT BocTa- BHTb HeoTpearupoBaBlyl0 KHCMOTY B Oosee ysavleHHble YacrH Mmacra. B3adava 79. Onpegeauth rayOuHy NpOHHKHOBeHHA He*reKucoTHO! OMYIBCHH B KapOonaTHbIit KonAeKTOp. Mcxoguble AauHbie: rayOuna ckBaxKHHbI 8830 M; 4HameTp 3aGon cKBaxunbl d = 100 MM; HuTepBaat nepopaunn 3750—3800 m; naacropax Tremnepatypa 403 K; muiacro- Boe japsenue 50 Mia; Kap6onaTHoctp nopog 92%; Koabpumuent tTpemunoBarocra k,, = 0,005; Koappumnert mpHemucrocru 0,2 — 0,3 m@/cyr. MIla na 1 mM. 71a npeqoxpateHua KOMOHHbI OT BhICOKHX LaBeHU HeEOOXOAHMO 3aka4aTb B 3aTpyOHoe mpocrpancrso 2 M® rMHHCTOrO pacTBopa MOT- Hoctaro 1150—1200 xr/m® n 46,5 m® yraxenennoro pacrBopa moT- Hoctsio 1760 Kr/M?. Jlna cHwKelHa KOPpO3HH f043eMHOTO OGopy10Ba- HHA clelyeT pasOaBiATh KHCIOTY Zo 15%-KOK KOHUWeHTpamHn Hu Jo- NOAHHTeALHO HHTHOMpoBaTb ee yporpomunom (1%). 160Jlaa o6paGorkn naacta neo6xonHMo HCHOAH30BaTbh rHApoo6uy1o He(TEKHCOTHYIO SMYJIbCHIO C MepHOOM cTaOHJADHOCTH B TeyeHHe 80 mHH np T= 403 K. HanGonee 61n3Ka K 3THM YCAOBHAM oMyJIb- cua, cocrosmaa u3 60% KucHoTE, 39,5% yraeBonopoxHo ocHoBBI n 0,5% aMHHoB ppaKuHH Cyy—Cj,. Heo6xoxumpiit o6beM KHCHOTSI NPHHUMaeTCA HS pacuera 0,8 M® 15%-Hoi KOHUeHTpauHH Ha | Mm BCKppITOH MOUIHOCTH Mviacra, 4YTO cocTaBHT B ZaHHom cay4ae 40 M*, a OOuHii OObeM aMyJIBCHH papel 78 uM. TIpogapka sMyABCHM B MaCT OCyUeCcTBAAeTCH B TeYeHHe BpeMeHH ee cTaOusH3anHH H HeiirpamusauMH. y6una MpoHHKHOBeHHA 9Myab- cHH onpeneiserca no dopmyse V = 0,785kppd*h Ry = 0,5 ) M, (VHI.18) rie V —o6nem mpogxapaennolt amyancnn, Mm; &,, — koa pumnenT TPELLHHOBATOCTH, JOJIH CHHMLUBI, d — AWameTp 3a008 CKBaXKHHBbI, M; h — ahpexrupnaa MoulnocTh Miacta, M. Tloycrasus B dopmyay (VIII.18) yncaenupie snayenua, nonyyHM 8 78% }05 -0, 1? Rap = 055 V 0,785 -0,005-50 9,95 M. B pesyabrare HeprekucorHoi o6pa6orku Kos pune? npHemu- ClOCTH CKBa2xKHHBI MoBEIcHca Jo 10 m*/cyt. MIla wa 1 M. Tlocae ocnoenua ckBaxkHHb! JeOuT cocraBya Gonee 400 t/eyr. Sto cBHAeTeIDCTByeT © SHAYHTeIbHOM yuIy4UeHNH ycOBHit mpHToKa Hepru K CKBaxKHHe. 4, PACYET TEPMOKHCJIOTHOH OBPABOTKH 3AB09 CKBA)KHH 3adaua 80. XapakrepucTuka CKBaxKHHbI, HaMeyeHHO M19 TepMo- KHCAOTHOH OGpaGorKu 3aGoa, caemyioman: rayOuna H = 1006 m; adpekTHBHaA MOWHOCTD Maacta A = 8 M; 3a6oii orKpbITEIi YACTHI (6e3 npoOkH); BHYTpeHHHi AHaMeTp 9KCIAyaTawMOHHO! KOsIOHHbI D=0,15 M; ckBaxkuHa sKCIyaTupyeTca uiTaHTOBbIM HacocoM; Auamerp npomblpounbix tpy6 d = 0,05 m; TemnepaTypa Ha sa6oe T = 308 K; navanpubili n rexymuit ne6uTi He@ru Q, = 23 u Q, = 5 r/cyt; Boga orcytersyet. Koanekrop cnoxKen H3BecTHaKaMH; B mpHsabolinoi sone Miacta OTmaralorcd Mapadul HW CMOWIBI. TpeGyerca onpexesUTh HEOOXOMUMOe KOMIMYeCIBO TOBapHO! ComsA- Hol KUCMOTHI MH XHMUYECKHX PeareHTOB, a Tak»Ke apEKTHBHOCTH STON o6paGorKH. Alaa noppiuenva uabTpawvonHoi cnoco6Hocra mpusa6olinolt 30HbI HaMeyaeTCH TepMoKHCAOTHaA OGpaGorKa, cocTosMmaad H3 ABYyX has: nepBaa casa — TepMoxHMHYecKad OOpaOoTka, MpH Koropoit COMMHOKUCAOTHEIA PacTBOp H MOBepXHocTh 3a60n HarpeBaiorcsa 0 348—363 K; propan casa — o6bINHad ConmHOKUCAOTHaA O6pa6orKa Mpvsa6oHHoli 30HbI, HO Godee sb@eKTHBHaA, BCMe_CTBHE BbICOKOH Temleparypbt Harpetoii comAHOl KHCcOTBI. 6 A M lOpiy« 161B kavectBe XuMHYecKOrO peareHta MpHMem MeTamaM4ecknit Mar- HHH. Jaa nepsoit basi O6paGorku pexomenyyerca 15% -neii pacrBop HCI 8 xoanuecrse 0,1 m? Ha lxr Marans, KOTOpbIi B pesybTaTe peak- HH ero C KHcAOTOM BbIenseT 4520 KKan Tenors. [puHumaerca, uTO na I M apekrupuoi MoutHocrH macra Heo6xoguMo 0,8 M* comsHo- kucnoTHoro pacrBopa. Jlia A = 8 mM norpeGyerca Bcero 6,4 Mm, H3 Hux 4 om? gaa nepsoli cbaspt o6pa6orku u 2,4 m* yaa Bropot asbt. TIpu temnepatype muiaBnenua napapuna T,,, = 328 K gocraTouHo NOAOTpeTh CONAHOKHCIOTHEIA PacTBOp H NOBepXxHOCTh 3a60A Jo T, = = 353 K. Tycrb HayanbHad Temmepatypa ComAHOKHCAOTHOTO pac- tTBopa 7, 293 K. Torga HeoOxoguMoe KOJHYeCTBO MarHua AA MO- BbILUeHHA Temnepatypsl W = 4 m® KucmotHoro pacrsopa or 293 no 353 K moxkHo onpesenuTb 0 dopmy.e Qu = W (Ty — T,)/6,03 = 4 (353 — 293)/6,03 = 39,8 xr. (VIII.19) HaiizenHoe KOJHYeCTBO MArHHA BIOJIHE COOTBETCTBYyeT IpakTHYe- , cKoli Hope | xr Ha 0,1 m® 15%-Horo comaHoKucoTHOro pacTBopa. Zlaa npuuatelx B nepBolt hase oGpaGorKu 4 m® pacTBopa Hao B3ATb 40 xr marnua. Vs stok dopmysbl MoxkHO HaliTH M TemnepaTypHbii nepenax (T,—T,), MPHHMMaxA KosMUeCTBO MarHUA NO ONBITHBIM aHHBIM. OnpejenuM, Kak H3MeHUTCA KoHWeHTpauua 4 M° 15%-Horo coms- HOKHCOTHOTO pacTBopa Mocae pacrBopeHuA B HeM Q, = 40 Kr Mar- nua. TIpouent yMenbmenua KOHUeHTpanHM KHCTOTHOTO pacTBopa, HeliTpasMsyroulerocsd NOMHOCTHIO, Halijem Mo dopmy.1e AQu += TRAV +O,” (VIIT.20) rye A— Koatpuvenr, KOTOpBIit MipH KOHUeEHTPalHH KHCJOTHI 20 18% paper 218, a npx KoHMeHTpauMH Ao 12% — 214 (cm. rab. VIII.4). Tlo dopmyae (VIII.20) noryaum 218-40 X= 33rd pao 3%: CrenopatTenbHo, KOHUeHTpauHA 15%-Horo pacTBopa coAsHoit KHCJOTLI yMeHDUUMTCA Ha 3% mM cocraBuT 12%. Kosmectgo Maria, HeOOXOAHMOe WA CHWKEHHA KOHWENTpAHH KUCAOTHOrO pactBopa or 15 zo 12%, MoxHO OnpesennTb No Popmy.ie Ay, Agt, Qu = 3,33W (OHA — Ae ), (VIL2D re x, H Xx) — Hayanbuaa (15%) H ocraTounan (12%) KonWeHTpanHHn KucHOTHOrO pacrBopa; A, H A, — 4MCAOBbIe KOIPPHUHEHTHI, paBHbIe 218 u 214 B 3aBucuMocTH oT KOHUeHTpalan KucHOTH. Torza no op- myste (VIII.21) amMeem 218-15, 214-12 Qu= 3,33-4 ( 28— 15 ~ d4—12 ) = 45,2 xr. 162Sajapasch 3HaveHHeM ocTaTOUHO KOHWeHTpauMH KHCAOTHOTO pac- rBopa X; = 12%, MO%HO oNpexeauTh nepBuyHy!O KOHWeHTpanHio ero %, HeOOXOAHMyIO AA mMpoBexeHua nepBoit TepMoxumuyeckoit cpasbl O6pa6orkH 3a604 CkBaxKHHEI NyTeM peakuAH Q, = 40 Kr MarHua ¢ KHCAOTHBIM pacrsopom W = 4 m*: x, = ABA, +B), (VIIL.22) Tae MOCTOAHHaA B HaXOMHTCA H3 BbIPaKeHHA 40, 214-12 333-4 1 21412 15,7. Jas Bropoii daset o6pa6orkH Bewex 3a HarpeToit KUCMOTOH 3aKayH- Baem 2,4 m® Kucnorbl 12%-Hoi KoHUeHTpanHH. PacrBopaloulaa cno- co6HocTb HarpeToro pacrBopa B 3—4 paga Bplle, 4emM pacTBopa, gakauMBaeMoro B CKBaxkHHy mpH 7 = 293 K. Tostomy sakauxy B IMac? Kak HarpeTOH, Tak 3aTeM M XOMOMHOM KUCMOTHI Hao BecTH Oes TlepepbiBa. OcpanBaTb CKBaxKHHY Noce OOpaoorKH HeoOxoJUMo No BOsMOXx- HOCTH CKopee, MOKA H€ CHH3HJ1aCb TEMMepaTypa AKHAKOCTH Ha 3a60e. Hajo umerb B BAY, YTO CKOPOCTh paCTBOpeHHA MarHHAl B COVIAHO- KHCAOTHOM pacTBope ObICTpo YMeHbUNAeTCA C NOBLIMIEHHeM JaBNeHHA. EcaH cKopocTh pacTBopeHua MIpH aTMociepHoM AaBeHHH MpHHATS 3a 100%, To mpu JaBaenuu | MIIa cKopocts pactBopeHua cocTaBaseT 62%, npu 2 Ma — 36%, npu 3 MIJa — 21% un npn 6 MITa — 6%. Tlostomy npu TepMoxumuueckol chase o6paGoTkH Haqo cneqNTh 3a aBAeHHeM HarHeTaHHA KHCAOTHI H 3a YPOBHAMH 2UAKOCTH (HedTH) B 3aTpyOHoM MmpocrpaxHcTBe. Meraaauueckult Marni ynorpeOnaerca B CTpyXKaX HAM B MpyT- Kax, KOTOpbie CMlycKaloT Ha 3a60l B peaKWMOHHOM HakOHeuHHKe. Ana crpyxex TpyHo paccuntaTh oOObeM peakUMOHHoro HakoHeyHUKa KM BbIep Kath ompesxeneHublit P@XKHM 3akadKH, TAK KaK OHH HMeIOT PagIMUHy!O TOMMY HM MIOTHOCTS ynaKOBKH. OnpeneiumM pa3Mepbi peaKUMOHHOrOo HaKOHeYHHKa JIA CiycKa MarHuA B MpytKax. B askcnyaTallMuonHyto KOAONHY AHamerpom 0,15 m MO%HO ONYCTHTh HaKOHewHHK ZHaMerpom 0,1 mM. CrepxkHH MarHast Avametpom d, = 0,04 mM u jWIHHOH 0,6 M NoMellaiorT B HakOHeYHHKe Auamerpom 0,1 M maukaMH flo TpH cTepxKHA. . Tlogcuutaem o6beM HM Maccy OHO NayKH IpyTKOB B Tpy6e ANa- Metpom 0,1 m w qaunot 1 mM = 10 gM. O6pem mpyTkoB V = 3nd;,L/4 = 3-0,785-0,4?- 10 = 3,77 am’. 6 163Macca mpytkoB mp maoTHOcTH MeTam/M¥eCKOTO MarHHA p = = 1,77 xr/qu G=Vp =3,77-1,77 =6,67 xr. Aaa 40 Kr npyTkoB MarHua norpe6yerca peakuHOHHBI HakoHey- HHK JWIHHOH (= 40:6,67 =6 M. Tak kak No Mepe NpokayHBanHsa CONAHON KHCIOTH Yepes peaK- UHOHHLIT HakONeYHHK KOAHYeCTBO Mars HelpepbiIBHO yMeHLwaeTcs, TO AJA paBHOMepHOcTH mpouecca (qOcTHKeHUA OAMHAKOBOLi Temme- parypbl HarpeBa KMCJOTHI) CKOPOCTh 3aKa¥KH KHCMOTE clexyer He- MpepbiBHO yMeHbulaTs. Tlostomy 1A BbITIOMHeHHA pacueTa MBI pa- S06bEM BeCh MpoUecc pactBopeHHA CTep Hel MArHUA Ha MATS HUTEp- BaJIOB C MOCTeNeHHbIM yMeHbUIeHHeM AMaMeTpa, a cnexoBaTemBHO, o6bema H Maccnt crep»kHelt Ymenbulenve Avamerpa crepxueli Win I nHTepBasa npHHHMaem c4 no 3,5 em, aaa I] nateppana — c 3,5 20 3 cm, qua II] unteppaaa — 3 02cm, ain 1V uureppana —c2n01cmu aan V unreppaaac | cm go 0. Ha ocnose sTHx aHHbIx BoIMECAAeM OObem 15%-Horo KHCMOT- HOFO pacrBopa; BpeMa, NoTpeGHoe AIA NpOKAyKH Yepes HAKOHEYHUK Beero o6bema 15%-Horo pacrBopa; ckopocTb 3akauKH — B M‘/¥. B pesyabtate noycuera no npuBerenHoli cxeme NomydAM ciemyio- uit pexkuM gakaukH UpH aTMocepHom JaBuenuu (rab. VIII.7). TepmorpamMEl noKa3bIBaior, YTO MpaKTHYCCKH B PeakWHOHHOM HaKOHeUHHKe Ha 3a60@ CKBaXKHHbI MpOUeCc MPOTeKaeT HeCKOAbKO Obicrpee, yeM No pacuety (mpuMepHo Ha 20%). Tlostomy remmepatypa pacrBopa Moayuaerca BbUNe pacueTHOH, a coneprxKaHHe ocTaTouHOl axtuBuoit HCl B kuenordom pactsope Huxe 12%. Ta6Ganua VIL7 Ta6aunya VIILS Pexnm 3axauxn Pexum saKauKn © MOBLUIeHHOH ckopocTbO ties Tipsgon : oser Te | owen | He, I 4,5 0,95 12,5 1 3,8 0,95 15,0 W 4,0 0,80 12,0 Il 3,3 0,80 14,4 HI 8,0 1,25 94 TL 6,7 1,25 11,3 Iv 7,0 0,75 6,5 Iv 5,8 0,75 78 v 3,0 0,25 5,0 Vv 2,5 0,25 6,0 Beero 26,5 | 4,0 | cae Beero 22,1 | 4,0 | _— 164Jlaa cuWKeHHA TeMMepatypbl pacrBopa Cvle~yeT NOBbICHTL cKO- pocth 3aKauKH Ha 20% mpotus pacuerHo. Tora peaxum saKauxn GyneT coorsercrBoBatb Npupexenomy B Tab. VITL.8. Ecau B Mpouecce 3aKauKH COJIAHOKHCMOTHOFO pacTBopa AaBJieHue NOBLILAeTCH, TO Pe%KHM CJleXYeT OTKOPPEKTHPOBATb Ha COOTBeTCTBY- joujee WaBMeHHe, Tak Kak aBJICHHE TOPMO3HT PeaKLLHIO KHCJIOTHI C Ma- ruvem. Io gannpm YOHMH, yeeanyenne AaBrenuA CHHKaeT CKOpOCTS peakuWH B CmenyioulHx spegesmax: 4p, MIa Av, % 0,5 20 1,0 38 1,5 53 Tlycrb 3amepoM ypoBHs 2%KHAKOCTH B 3aTpy6HOM mpocTpancrBe yeTaHOBJIeHO, YTO YPOBeHb NOMHAJICAH Ha BeHYHHY, COOTBeETCTBy- iouyo | MIJa gaBnenua Ha ray6une peakiMOHHOrO HaKoHeyHHKa. Tora paccMOTpeHHbIt BbILIe PeAKHM H3MeHHTCA CTeAYIOULHM OOpasom (ra61. VIII.9). Uro6rr 136eKaTb BO BpeMs TepMOXHMHMUECKO! OOpa6OTKH BO3HHK- HOBCHHS BHICOKHX JaBsleHuit B 3aTpyOHOM MpocrpaHcrse, BAMAIOWLNX Ha CKOPOCTh peaKWHH, CekyeT OTKPbITh 3aTpy6Hoe mpoctpaHcTBo M MCKOUNTD MpesBapHTeAbHyio fMoxKauKy HeirH. KoanuectBo npo,apounoit Hern Geperca B oObem 0,05 mM mpombi- BOUHBIX Tpy6 nsioc OObem 3aGon CKBaxKHHBI (CUHTaN MO AMaMeTpy 0,25 M qomora) B Mpegetax oGpaGaTbiBaemoro uHTepBasa (6 M): Vi= = (0,05?- 1000 -}. 0,25?-6) = 2,4 m3, KoanyecTBo KOHUeHTpHpOBaHHOH TOBapHOH comAHOH KHCIOTHI, conepxKaueit 27,5% HCl, HeoOxoguMoi jaa npuroropsenua 4 mM? 15%-voi u 2,4 m® 12%-Ho# KucaOTEI, HalijeM 43 COOTHOMIeEHHA W, = Wa, (VIII.23) rae W — konuyecrBo cOAHOKHCAOTHOTO pacTBopa, Mt; a@ — mepe- BogHoi Kospuunent (rab. VIIT.10). TaGanua VIILG Hamenenieil pexum saxauKit Harepean Mpoaoaautensuoers | OGuew pacruops, | Ckopocrs, saxaunn, I | 0,95, IL 0,80 Ii 1,25 Iv 0,75 v 0,25 Beero: 35,6 | 4,0 | = 165TaGanua VIIL10 Snavenus Koodypuunenta a Konwentpauna tosapHof Kcaots, % Kownentpaqus, PasGanneniont xaenoti, % 3i | 30 29 28 | 7 | 26 | 25 8 4,325 | 4,160 } 4,000 | 3,847 | 3,690 | 3,357 | 3,392 9 3,820 | 3,680 | 3,540 | 3,400 | 3,260 | 3,130 | 3,000 10 3,420 | 3,295 | 3,173 | 3,047 2,920 | 2,800 | 2,686 in 3,100 | 2,980 | 2,870 | 2,755 | 2,645 | 2,535 | 2,430 12 2,825 | 2,720 | 2,615 | 2,514 2,412 | 2,310 | 2,217 13, 2,600 } 2,500 | 2,408 | 2,312 | 2,217 | 2,125 | 2,038 14 2,400 2,310 | 2,227 | 2,135 | 2,048 1,964 1,883. 15 2,230 | 2,145 | 2,067 | 1,983 } 1,903 } 1,824 } 1,750 Fla 15% -noro pacrsopa HaxoqMM NyTeM HuTepnoasuay a = 1,943, a maa 12%-Horo ~ a = Cnexopatenbuo, 43 (VIII.23) noryuum 24 n= Teas + 2,463 W, = 3,04 Mi. Tak Kak TOBapHan COMAHaA KUCTOTAa OGBINHO COMeP2KUT OKHCILE xxene3a (Fe,O5), TO AIA mMpe_ynpexAeHHA BbIMayeHHA Covel %enesa IPH HefTpatHsallHH comAHOH KHCAOTEI B MOpose HeOGXOAHMO 2o6a- BUTb K COMMHOKHCAOTHOMY pacTBOpy TeXHMYeCKYIO YKCYCHYIO KACHOTY B kosmuectse y= Snecb 6 — noGaBKa yKCycHoii KHCAOTEI B MpouenTtax K oOpemy pactgopa, b =f ~+ 0,8 (f — cogepxaHve B COMAHOKUCOTHOM pac- tBope Fe,O;, %); W,u W, — o6nemst 15- u 12%-Horo comaHoKHcsor- Horo pacrBopa; ¢ — KOHIeHTpallMA TOBaPHOH yKcycHOl KHCTOTHI (o6ptuHo 80%). Dpunuman f = 0,2%, Haxogum 6 = 0,2 + 0,8 = 1%. Tpe6yemoe komHYeCTBO yKCYCHOi KHCJOTI 110 copmy.re (VIII.24) ae a (4-42,4) = 80 aw’. 10006 (W,+W,), ax, (VIIL.24) B KauecrBe HHTeHCHHKaTOpa, MOHHAaloulero MOBepXHoOcTHOe Ha- TAKEHHE OTPearHpoBaBerO COMAHOKUCAOTHOTO pacTBopa H cnoco6- creyloulero syuulemy ynameHitio ero 13 npusa6olinok sonbl, mpuHH- maem 1 %-nptit npenapar pilen Koropbili AKTHBHO MOHHKaeT CKOPOCTb PeakUHH COAAHOM KUCOTH C MOposoH. [pu maornocru topapHoi cosaHom Kucaors 1,139 T/m® macca ee coctaputT 3,04-1,139 = 3,46 7. 166Jlaa TepMoxumuuecKol o6pa6orKH B KayecTBe MHTHOuTOpa Heo6- xogumo mpamenutb V1-1-A c Jo6aBKoi 0,05% yporponuua npx o6a- BaT@IbHOM HCKJIOYCHHH H3 CMeCH CepHOl KUCTOTBI BO H3GexarHe o6pasopaua ocagka rumca. Jia onpenenenua apbexta, oxkugaemoro oF TepMOKACHOTHOH OGpa- 6oTKH CKBaXKHHBI, HalieM JOMOAHHTeTBHOe KOHYECTBO He*ru, KOTO- poe Oyler Moy4¥eHo 3a BpeMs pa6oTb! CKBAXHHL C TIOBbILEHHEIM eOH- rom, Ha 1 T 3aTpavenuoit KonyeHTpHpoBanHol HCl. [lia sroro 3a- WaeMCA,MpOLOMAKHTeAbKOCTHIO adppekta B 4 Mec (120 queli), B TevenHe KOTOPBIX HavaJbHbiii NeOnT ckKBaKUHEI MocMe O6paboTKH Q, = = 23 r/cyT cHMxkaeTcA Jo Tekyulero ZeGuTa Q, = 5 t/cytT c paBHO- MepHBIM TOHWKeHHeM. Komuuectgo Heru, moiyyenHoit 3a 4 Mec mocne o6paGorKu, co- crapar $v Qos = (23 + 5) 120/2 = 1680 7. Hlo6nua 3a 970 Ke Bpema 6e3 OOpa6orKH Obi1a OBI Qos = 5-120 = = 600 r. O6muit npupocT NoGbIuH Hern, NoyYeHHOH B pesyabTaTe o6pa6orKH cocTaBuT Qos — Qos = 1680 — 600 = 1080 +. Cpeannii mpupocr no6n4H Hera oT O6pa6orKH Ha | T U3pacxOsO- BaHHOH KOHUeHTpHpoBanHoH CcomAHOM KuCAOTH paseH 1080 : 3,46= = 312 t. 5. PACHET 3EKTPOTENJIOBOM OBPABOTKH MPH3ABOHHON 30HbI CKBA)KHH 3adada 8/. Onpexeautb napamerppi nepHosuyeckoli s1eKTporenso- Bol o6paOoTKH MWlacra Harpepatenem MouyHocTbIo N = 20 KBr jas enexyIOUlHX ycnOBHii: MpoAyKTHBHBUT act — necuaHHK TenzoNpo- BoyuocTblo 4}, = 0,5 Br/(m-K), BasKocrb HeprH py = 5 mIla-c; conepanne Bost S, = 5%; paynyc cKBaxKHubl r, = 0,084 Mm; paquyc Apenanxa r, = 50 mM; rpe6yempii paguyc mporpeBa ry = 0,6 M; paayc 30HbI C NOHH2KeHHO! Npoxuuaemocrpio r, = 0,6 M; npoHn- Yaemocrb stoi 30HbI ky; MPOHHIlaemocTb MAacta k,; OTHOMWeHHE Mpo- Huuaemocteit &./k, = 3. Cpexunit ge6uT xKHAKOCTH No O6pa6oTKH qo = 1 m/cyr. Onpegeaum cpeqnnit qe6ur xHAKOCTH MOce OOpaboTKH M0 op- Myvte be ta le et (Geta Fh + ne) (r= rh go ag a ee ( a) (ron ry — rp — re Ire) ++ (tore) (In Ze FE In rg) Ta) Ra Ten (VIII.25) 167got TaSamua VIIT Swanenua Km sanvcumocr or o6soanenHocTH npogyxuDH aKoerH ner Amnnenscenan oaaKocts wegen, sla & ee eee BS tet eel teal Neat ol fol | cca) Roel cr lem | a se Vise|| er [ewe rae nem) as [tt ca al ae 40 1,945 1,300 1,281 1271 1,265, 1,261 1,287, 1,250 1,248, 1,246 1,244 100 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580 | 1,580rae o6o3HayeHA H pasMepHocTH coorseTcTBYIOT ycrOBHIO 3aqa4H. CaeqosatetbHo no dopmyie (VIII.25) nonyanm (31 he + tn 22 ) (0,6 — 0,084) 1 0,084 "0.6 : Wace 9.0 = TH OT6 10,6 —0 o— 0,084 In 0,084) 123.m/eyr. ++ (0,6 — 0,084) (nagar + 3in 0,8) OnpegetHM 110 HoMorpamme (puc. VIII 3) ycraHopupiyioca 3a- GoliHyio Temiepatypy, 1aa vero cHayana no ra6a. VIII.11 Haxogum B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT OGBOAHEHHOCTH HW BASKOCTH HedrH napametp K, xapakTepH3yiouyHit cBoiicrBa AoGbipaemoli mpoxyKuHH. Jia oOpog- Sy% 700 0,7 og yt uo K Puc VII 3 Homorpamma aaa onpeaexenua napamerpos nepwomi- 4eckoi s4eKTpoTensoBo O6pa6oTKH CKBaxKHHbI nenHoctu 5% H QHHaMHuecKoli BAsKOCTH p, = 5 MIIa-c umeem K = = 0,735. Jaaee u3 TouKH Ha ocH a6cuncc HOMorpammsl K = 0,735 BoccTaBuM NepileHAWKyAAp QO MepeceyeHuA co craowHoi KpuBol, Coorgercrsyloulei MouHOcTH avleKTpogBurateas 20 KBr Hu AuamMerpy ckBaxunpt 168 MM. Touxky MepeceyeHuaA cHOCHM Ha BepTHKabHy1O OCb HOMOrpaMMBI, Te HaXoMuM HaTypatbHpii sorapudm sa6oinoh 169temnepatyppt In AT, = 4,97, orkyga AT, = 144,5°C wan 417,5 K. TlpogonxKutTembuocth o6paGoTKH onpesetseM Mo HoMorpamMMe (puc. VIII.4) B 3aBHcHMocTH OT MpuHATOorO paguyca mporpesa u YHKUKH ®,, Xapakrepnsyiomek Ten warpepaHua miacra. DyHK- MHA —, HaXOAWTCA MO HOMorpaMmMe (cm. puc. VIII.3), Jaa atoro wa npasoli BeprukatbHolt ocu Geperca ToUKa, coorBercrByroulad 5% -HOt oGpogHeHHOCTH HepTH, Ko- Topas MpoeKTHpyeTcsA BICBO SO 34 58 42 4h 554 so epeceuenHA co UITpH- dnt XILYHKTHPHOH KpHBOH, no- erpoeniof At necuanoit nopogbl W AMaMeTpa CKBa- aunt 168 mm. Vis naiijen- HOH TOUKH MpoBOAUTCH Bep- THKaIbHaA MpAaMaat JO me- peceuenua c ropusoHTamb- noit nyHKTpHol aMHueli, nayuleli or sHayenna to- Tapudma sa6olino Temme- paTypsl, YTO Ha TeBOli Bep- THKasbHOH oc. Uepes mo- alyuenHy!0 TouKy @ nox yraiom 45° mpopexem mps- MyI0 JJHHHI0 Jo nepeceyeHHa c aesolt = BeprukaabHoH OcbIO, Ha KOTOpoit H Haxo- QM 3Hauenue = (yHkKnHH @, = 4,52. Ans onpezenenua mpo- Puc, VIII4. Homorpamma aaa onpenenenua — yomKuTemBHOcTH OOpaboTKH MpokoswxuTeAbHOCTH 91eKTPOTeTMOBOH O6- wa sepxnelt ropisonTann- paGorkH cKBaxkHubl e Hol ocH HomMorpaMMEt (cM. puce. VIII.4) 6epercs TouKa, COOTBETCTBYIOUIaA HaliJeHHOMY 3HAYeHHIO ,, KOTOPad MpoeKTupyerca BePTHKabHO BHHS Ao MepeceyeHHA C KpHBOH, XapakTepu3yroulelt THN kodmekTopa (necyaHuKx). Haiiqennaa Touka CHOCHTCA BpaBo Ha Bep- TuKaabHyto ocb (Int = 5), yepes KoTOpyio nog yraom 45° mposo- Aurea mpamas. Tlotyyennan AMHHA BEIpaxKaeT rpadHyeckylo 3aBH- CHMOCTh BpeMeHH OOpaGoTKH (BepTHKadJbHaA och) or paguyca mpo- rpepa (HH2KHAA TOpH30HTaIbHaM Och). CuegoBatesbHo, B HalUeM CJly- uae pH Mporpepe naacra Ha riyOuny 0,6 mM norpe6uoe Bpema mpo- rpepa cocrapuT In t = 3,8, orkyza 7 5 a. 6. ONPEXEJIEHHE MOTEPb HAMOPA B MEPPOPALMOHHDIX OTBEPCTH AX Tlorepu Hanopa B nepopauHoHHEIx orsepcTHAx yqo6HO onmpefe- ASMTh Ha Mpumepe ruApaBsnueckoro paspiBa acta (TPT). B npo- uecce [PII o6ptuHo Meir MecTo Gombulne pacxo_b pabounx xHAKO- 170crefi (10 0,018 m/c). Tostomy B nepdopaHoHHEIx oTrBepcruAx 9kc- muiyaTalHOHHOt KOJOHHbI BOSHHKAIOT SHAYHTEAbHbIE MOTepH Hanopa, KoTOpble MoxHO HaliTH no caenyiouleli dopmyse: = 2 np V2gMh, oTky4a 1692 . An = as (VIII.26) rae Ah — notepu Haslopa, M Bod. cT.; g — pacxod *XHAKOCTH-MeCcKO- wocute.ia, M°/c; d — qWaMeTp oTBepcTHit IpH nyeBol nepopalnn, M; n — oOmlee 4HCIO NepdopallHoHHEIx orBepcrHli; @ — KosdpunnenT pacxofa, 3aBHCAMHH OT XapakTepa UCTeyYeHUA HKUAKOCTH; g — YCKO- peHue cBoOogHoro nazenua, M/c?. Sadava 82, Onpeneaurb motepx Hanopa B_ neppopauHOHHEIX orpeperuax B mpouecce PII, ecan g = 0,01 m%/c; d = 0,011 mM; @ = 0,82; g = 9,81 mic® Onpejesum notepH Hanopa no dopmyse (VIII.26) npu uncae NepopauHouHEIx oTsepcrHit n = 10 -0,012 Ah = 16-0,01 3,140,011" 107-0, 7-0,eT — 84 M Bor, er. B sToM cayyae nepenay WaBeHa cocraBHT Ap = Ahpg = 8,4-1000-9,81 = 82,3-10° Ta. Tpu n = 5 norepu wanopa 6yzyr = 33,6 M Boa. cr, 9,81 MTlepenaq qapnenua Ap = 33,6-1000-9,81 = 0,33-10% Ta. pu n = | norepa wanopa pesko Bospacraior # cocraBaT 16-0,012 Ah = STOO EOS DOR = 840 M Bog. cr. Tlepenaq gapaenua Oyjer Ap = 840-1000-9,81 == 8,23-10® Ta. Pacuerubie anuble no onpegerenuio Ap npn pasHbix 3Ha¥eHUAX g Hon mpupegenst Bp ta6a. VIII.12. Vs yannpix ra6a. VIII.12 puguo, yro mpx noBpiuenun pacxoza B ABa pasa nepelal AaBNeHHA yBCMYMBaeTCA IPHMepHO B yeTHIpe pasa. 171au TaGanua VILIE Pacteruie xaumue no onpesesenmo nepenaga xazaenis Ap x nepbopanuonnusx orseperusx ‘Gcaawom xonoHnt exsaiat, MI ae efe ts feds [oe felelefolelalal» a}—-)-]-|- os} oz for} — | — a9 | 04 | o2 | 02 | ot 005 | a5e7 | 647 | 287 | 161 | 13 | 78 | 53] 40 00s | 3726 | 931 | 446 | 22 | 149 | 103 | 76) 58 007 | 5070 | 1267 | 353 | 316 | 203 | 153 | 109) 79 08 | 06 00s | 652s | 1055 | 736 | 413 13,5 | 10,8 ass | a2 | 009 | 938,3 | 20,5 | 931 | 523 | ws | 258 | 1,1) 120 131 0.9 646 16 | ut 0,10 | 1035.0 | 258,7 | 15,0 aut | 16,1 [efe de [+]. | | L I | i] oor | tos} 26] 11 | 06 | o4 | 03 | 02] o2| or om | aa} wa | 46] 26 | a7 | 19 | 08} 06] 05 003 | st | 239 | 198 | 38} 28 | uo] i] ut | | | | | i | | | 17. PACHET THAPONECKOCTPYAHOH NMEPOOPALLMK 3adaxa 83. Jlna ‘npopeyenua rug_poneckocrpylinot nepdopanuit ckpaxuibt rayOunol H = 1000 m rpe6yercn onpegeniT pacxoy pa6oueli XHAKOCTH, HCOOXOMHMOe KOJIMYECTBO 2KHAKOCTH HM MecKa, THApaBINYeCKHe MOTepH Hatlopa, AaBNENe AUAKOCTH Ha BHIXORE 43 NacaoK, MpexebHy1o Gesonacuyio JIMHY NOABECKH HaCOcHO-KoMMpec- copHbix Tpy6 H HX yAWIHHeHHe. 1. Pacxoy paGoueli xuaKocTH (Bogbl) oNpenersioT no qopmyvie Q=lonef Vee , cule, (vitt.27) rye n = 4 — 4uncano HacatoK Qhamerpom 4,5 mm; @ —~ Koabpunnenr CKOpOCTH, KOTOPbIit MOXKHO NPHHATh paBHbIM KosipuuveHTy pacxoxa 0,82 (414 KOHyCOHAabHOM HacagKH); f — NaoMath ceyenuA oTBep- cria wacanKn (f = 0,785-0,45" = 0,158 cm*); Ap — nepenay aaBae- RUA B HacasKe (ipHHHMaem Ap 0 MIla); g = 981 em/c? — yexo- PeHLC CBOGOAHOTO NaJeHAA; Po, — IMOTHOCT CMECH BOIbI C NeCKOM, KOTOPad paBHa P.y = C (P,—— Py) Por THC P, = 2,7 ricm® — naorT- HocTh mecka; p, = 1 r/em’ — naoTHocTe BoAb; ¢ — o6beMHaa KOH- WenTpanua mecka £0 100 Go -F 1000p, 100-4 1000-2,7 0,0357. Co == 100 xr/m® — maccopan KonueHTpauna necka. Haliqem 3Haye- HHe P.y = 90,0357 (2,7 — 1) + 1 = 1,06 r/em®. Pacxog %KHAKOCTH ompeseaum no opmyae (VITI.27) -981- 20-10" Q = 10-4-0,82-0,158 V2 9920 exi¥/e = 9,9 ale. 2. Hafigem o6mee KomHueCTBO AKMAKOCTH M RecKa, HeEO6\OHMOe Win MpoBexenua nepdopaunn. Heo6xogqumoe KoNHYeCTBO XKHAKOCTH yeTaaBuBaeTca H3 pacueTa AByX OObeEMOB CKBAXKHHEI (OARH OGbeM AUIS TPaHCHOPTHPOBKH Necka Ha 3aG0it CKBAXKHHI M OLN OObEM JUIA NPOMbIBKH CKBaKHHbI M0 OKONYAHHM Mpouecca) moc 0,3 obnema Ha Toreplo @uibrpauun (noraomesua miacrom). TakuM oOpa3om, Q, -- 2,3V = 2,3-17,7 = 40,7 °, rae o6bem cxpaxunpt V = 0,0177-1000 = 17,7 w? (cm. mpaa. 3). Heo6xoqumoe xKomuectbo KBapueBoro necka Q, = 1,3Vey = = 1,3-17,7-100 = 2300 xr nan 2,3 7. 3. Tuapapauyeckne norepH Hanopa mpi ruszponeckoctpyiinol Nepopaunu ckaasLIBalorca H3 ToTepb P= AP, + AP, + AP, + AP,, Ma, (VIII.28) tne AP, —norepu Hanopa B Tpy6ax, Ta; AP, — norepu Hanopa B KombueBom ipocrpaucrse, Ia; AP,-— mlorepH Hatopa B HacanKax, Ta; Abu — NotepH Nafopa B novocrH, o6pazonannolt abpasuBuoli crpyeli, a. 173Onpegzeaum SHaueHHA 9THX COCTABIAIOUHX. Tlotepu wanopa B tpy6ax AP, = 8,1-10%-2Pey SH, (VII1.29) Tae 2, = 0,035 — Koop PuuHeHT TpeHHA Ip ABHKeHHH BOLI B62 MM tpy6ax; Q = 9,9 ale — pacxog augkoctu; H — 1000 m — rayOuna enycka Tpy6; d = 62 mM — BHYTpeHHH AuameTp HacocHO-KoMMpec- copHbix Tpy6. Tlo qopmye (VIII.29) 9,92- 1000 AP, = 8,1-10°-0,035-1,06 “ta Tlorepw Hanopa B KOabyeBOM MpocrpaHcrBe 8,05 10°? Aen Q2H AP, =a ng? Ma, (VIII.30) Tae 4, — KospPHUHeHT TpeHUs IPH BHXKEHHH BOM B KOJIbILeBOM npoctpanctse; Q = 9,9 a/c (amu 9900 cm*/c); H = 10° cm; D = = 15 cm — BHYTpeHHUH AHaMeTp sKCyaTauHONHOl KonOHHE, d = = 7,3 cM — HapyxKHbIli ZHaMerp HacoCcHO-KOMMpeccopHbIx Tpy6. 7lis onpegeaenus 2, Hatigem Re no Munuy u Lly6epry ot Pow Re=-o ony? (VIIL31) = 3,23-10° Ta. rae § = 0,05 cm — cpenuwi aMamerp 3epen necka; w — cKopocTh ABWKEHHA KATKOCTeH CMECH B KOJbIEBOM CeYeHHH M@XKLy KOAOHHAMH tTpy6 quamerpom 15 u 7,3 cM, KoTOpaa paBHa w = Q/0,785 (D® — d®) = 9900/0,785 (15 — 7,3) = 73 ca/e; m — YcuoBHaA MOpucrocTh TBepAOH cpasbl B TpyOax Pew = Prey 1,06 —1 Pn Fete eet Benuynna po, = wee, rye c= 0,0357 — oObemHan KOH- WeHTpauuA MecKka; € — OCHOBaHHe HaTypa/IbHbIX JorapudpMoB; BW, = = 0,1 Ma-c. CaegopatesbHo, Hoy = 0,1 -2,7189' 0.0357 — 1,12 Ila-c. Onpegeasem Re no dopmyae (VIII.34) 1,06-73.0,05 Re =yp1eFa TT — Ogey = 2880. m=1— = 0,98. Yunrpipan, yo pexkuM Typ6yseHTHBIi, dy = 0,3164/Re”?® = 0,3164/2880°.?5 = 0,043. Tlo gopmyae (VIII.30) noryaum 8,05 -10-2.0,043-1,06-99002. 105 AP, = “(7,315 7,3) 981 16,7: 10% Ta. 174TlorepH Hanopa B Hacagkax AP, mpmem paBupimu 20 MIla. Tlorepu uanopa B nosoctu AP,,, o6pa30BaHHoi a6pasuBuoli crpyell, fo OMBITHBIM JaHHbIM H3MeHsmtoTcs oT 2 70 5 MITa. Tpunumaem cpequee gnayenne AP, = 3,5 MITa. O6nmHe ruApaBaWyecKkHe Norepx no copmyste (VIIT.28) P = (3,23 + 0,0167 + 20 + 3,5) 10° = 26,75- 10° Ta. 4. Jlapnenve 2%KHAKOCTH C MeCKOM Ha BbIXOAe H3 HaCaqOK PaBHO Po= Py + Peng — p = 22,2: 10% +- 1060-9,81 - 1000 — — 26,75+ 10° = 7,85-10° Tla, rie Py — HaBsenve Ha ycTbe CKBaxKHHbI NP paGoTe HacocHoro arpe- rata 2AH-500 ua V cxopoctn. [pu pacxoge 9,5 /e py = 22,2 MIa. 5. IpegenpHaa Gesonacnaa AimHa No_BeckKH Tpy6 AHaMeTpoM 73 MM TIpH HaqM4HH UMPKYJIAWMM 2KHAKOCTH ONpeedAetca mo dop- mye Q — — fury b= +, w, (VIIT.32) THe Qerp = 294 KH —crparupaioujan Harpy3ska Aan pesbOoBoro coeqHHeHHA PiaqKHX HaCOCHO-KOMMpeccopHbIXx Tpy6 #3 cTamH rpynmnbt npounoctu JI; & = 1,5 — xosdpuunenr 3anaca mpounoctu; fi, = = 30,2 cm? — maomagb npoxoguoro ceyenua TpyO AHaMerpoM 73 MM (cm. npua. 8); py = 22,2 MIa; 9, = 82 H — sec B xuAKocTH | M tTpy6 aHametpom 73 MM c mydramu (cM. mpua. 3). CreqopaTetbHo, no dopmyse (VIII.32) umeem 294-108 15 — 30,2-10-4-22,2- 108 82 MakcuMasibHo Bo3MOxKHaA WWIMHa CycKa Tex 2%Ke Tpy6 MpH OTCyT- CTBHH IMPKYJAUMM 2KHAKOCTH (B CAyYae ee NOMHOTO MorsouleHHsA) L= = 1570 M. Sep. — fury GF FePouk ? rae gr = 94,6 H — sec 1 m tpy6 auamerpom 73 mM c MyptamMH 6e3 yyera norepH Beca B KHAKOCTH, Tak Kak B 3aTpyOHOM MpocrpalcTBe XKUAKOCTh OTCyTCTByeT. Tlo dopmyae (VIII.33) nosyyum 294 10° I L (VIII.33) — 30,2-10-4-22,2 108 94,6 + #1060 9,81 6. OnpetenuM yAMHeHHe HacocHO-KoMMpeccopHbIX tTpyO nox Aeticrauem o6urett Harpy3KH. Io saxony Tyxa yamunenue AL coctasut GL AL= TR? (VIII.34) l= = 1025 m. 175tae G — o6masn Harpyska na Tpy6n, MH; L — 1000 m — anuna KonoHHbt Tpy6; E = 20,6 MH/cm? — mogyab ynpyrocra craqu; f, = 11,66 cm? — naowaab nonepeynoro ceyeHua Tela TpyObl yHa- MeTpom 73 MM (cM. mpu. 3) Tip wanwuin yupKysnunn wwaKociM G paBHa G4. — AP hy + he (Py — BEY, (VI11.35) re ae — Harpyska or co6cTBenHoro Beca Tpy6 c mydramu, H; fy, = 41,84 cm? — nonepeutoe ceyenne Tpy6 AHamerpom 73 MM mo HapyXXHOMy j\HaMeTpy. Cnegopatenbuo, mo dopmye (VIII.35) umeem G = 8200 _ 95. 108-41,84- 1078 + + 30,2: 10+ (22,2 — 458.) 107 = 100,6- 10" H. Tipu oreyrersi WMPKYTALWK AHAKOCTH @ = 9-H + Ii (Ong + Py ~“F), (VIIL.36) Tue g; = 94,6 H — pec B Bosyxe | M rpy6 QuameTpom 73 MM c My(- TaMH. To d@opmyate (VIII.36) nosyyum G’ = 94,6 +9" 1 30,2-10~ (1060 9,81- 1000 + 4 22,2 10° 28510") 137.3 108 HL. Yxuannenne tTpy6 no dopmyae (VIII.34) cocrasni. Np HalWYnn WAPKYAAWMH %AHAKOCTH 100,6 103-1000 _ AL= 306-105-1165 = 9418 w, pH OTCYTCTBHH WNPKYAAWNN AHAKOCTH » _ 187,38 108-1000 ng AL = tHe tort e6 = 0,572 M. YAMMHeHHe HACOCHO-KOMMpeccOpHbIX TPy6 HY2KHO YYMTLIBATh TPH onmpeyenenuu rlyOuHEl Mpocrpena u uNTepBata nephopauuu. Ecau STOT HHTepBal Npewbiuiaer HanJeHHble 3HaYeHHA YAIHHeHHH, TO HuKakOl ToMpaBKU Tipu onpexenenuu rayOuHbI cnycKa nepdopaTopa JestaTb He caezyer. pu masoii MouHocTH mpokykTHBHoro ropH- 30HTa yquInHenne TpyO Hao yYHTHIBaTb.IX. TEMJIOBAA OBPABOTKA MJIACTA M CKBA)KHH OdchexTHBHOe TenToBOE BosselcTBHe Ha NpOAYKTHBHbI Naact B LeTOM MOXKHO OCYILECTB/IATh Kak MYTeM HarHeTaHHs B Mar TeMOHOCHTEA H3BHe, Tak CO3{aBad BHYTPUNAcTOBEI ABMKyUMiICA Yar ropeHHa (BOL). Dru Merons! cHMxKalOT BASKOCTR HedTH HM STAM NOBbIAIOT ee NogBHxKHOCTH. Hx CyIHOCTb COCTOHT B MepeHoce TenoBOli SHEprHn Ha OovIbIIMe PaCCTOAHHA C OAHOBPeMeHHHIM OTOOPOM H3 MOpHCTOH cpesBt NpoAyKTOB TenoBoro BOsTelicTBUA B Buse Topiounx rasoB [14]. Tipu hourannpopanint CKBaxKHHDI B UeAX OopLObl C OTMOXKEHHAMH apatbuHa BaxKHO 3HaTb pacnipexetenHe TemmepaTypbI NO CTBOWY CKBa- %KHHbI, a Np naporenmoBolt o6paGorke HeoOXO_HMO Y¥HTHIBAT No- TepH TemOTH B CKBaxKHHe. i, PACUET OCHOBHbIX MOKA3ATEJIEA PA3PABOTKH MVJIACTA METOJOM BAOT Sadaua 84. PaccunTath OCHOBHBIe MoKasaTeH paspa6oTKH MATH- CKBAKUHHOTO 3eMeHTa MMlacta (4eTBIpe SKCMMYaTauHOHHbIxX H OHA HarHeTaT@ibHad CKBaKHHa B ueHTpe) MeTOJOM CO3JaHHA BHYTPH- njlacroBoro ABHAKyIerocs OYara ropenus (BJLOP), ecau adbexrns- Had MoujHocTb Iiactah, = 6 mM; nopuctocts m = 0,28; remnepatypa naacta T,,, = 294 K; maotHocts Hedra p, = 945 Kr/x; maoTHOCTS Boge p, = 1000 xr/x®; Heprenacbiuennocts S, = 0,72; BoxoHacsi- mennocth S, = 0,23; paccrosHue Mealy HarneraTetbHol H aKcIya- TAaUMOHHLIMH CKBaxKHHaMH a = 300 M; a6comoTHoe AabseHHe Ha 3a60e OKCHYaTalHOHHbIX CKBaxKHH p, = 0,8 MIla; a6comornoe JaBreHHe HarneTanua (paBHoe MpuMepHo ropHomy AaBseHHI0) p, = 20 MITa; Paguycht HarneTaTeAbHOH M SKCNAYAaTAaMOHHEIX CKBAKUH LF, = 0,084 M (168-1 o6cagnasn KosoHHa); sdheKTHBHaa MpoHHUaemocTh macta Ast Bo3ayxa (oKHcTHTeMA) k, = 0,176-10-° n? (176 MJ); quuamuue- CKas BASKOCTh BO3LYXa MPH MacToBoit Temmepatype pf. = 0,018 mIa-c; Paguyc (ponta ropeHuad B KOHUe Nepporo nepHona rep = 50 M. Kpome toro, mo aHHbIM a6opaTopHBIx 9KCHepHMeHTOB HMeeM: KOMH- YeCTBO KOKCOBOrO ocTaTKa (pacxog TonaHBa) g = 25,2 Kr/m*; yremb- Hbiit pacxon okucauTeta V,.. = 12 m®/kr; oTHOWeHHe KOmMYeCTBAa BOLOpoya K KMcMOpoxy B KOKCOBOM octaTKe“n = 1,2; yqenbHasn Ten- sora cropanua Heri = 41,9 MJbx/kr (107Mxkaa/Kr), a raso06- PasHbix mpoxyKTos Q, = 1,257 MJbK/m* (300 Kkaa/m*). TIpauumaem KosppunexT OXBaTa MWlaCTa (POHTOM TOpeHHsA MO MOWLHOCTH G&, = = 0,9; Kosdppuunent wedreorqayu nA yyacrkoB miacra, He OXBa- YeHHbIX (ponrom ropeHusa, 4 = 0,4. 177Onpexeaum oGpem Bosazyxa, HeoOxoguMbili AA BHIpPaSOTKH enH- HHUEI O6beMa mMtacra Vy = gVoer = 25,212 = 302 n/n, Haxoqum mpeqeabHptit TeMMl HarHeTaHHA BOSLyxXa TAhshy (9 — #5) Waa ( 2818 « — 138) : le (IX.1) Or. np = Tye Bce BeNMYMHE! HaBecTHI. TloqcraBana ux, NonyyHM ___7,40,176-10-8-6- (202 — 82) 101 sae 300? 0,018.294 (2:38 Sager — 1,238) Tlo pre. IX.1 HaxoquM MHHHMaJIbHyI0 CKOpocTh nepemenjeHHA ppouta ropenus (c ysetom a = 0,9) wy, = 0,025 m/cyt. Oninp = 57-108 m¥/cyr. Woon M /0yT ONS as a2 0,09 96 0,06 0,5] 0,03 64 03 oo & 9 2 Maye Puc. IX.1. 3apicuocts mmimambnok Puc. 1X.2. Tpabx ans onpese- CKOPOCTH epeNeiiteins porta ropeHus Aen KoadybuMHeNTa OxBaTa nma- or Momuocta maacra npa T= 533 K. cra dpoxtom ropenus Konyentpaywa tonnupa g, Kr/m? J — 32; 2—24; 3— 20, 4— 19, 5 — 18,4 Onpeseiaem CKOpocTh JBHxKeHHA CPpOHTa ropeHHA B KOHME Nep- Boro mMepHoga mpouecca etn ap. 87-108 i 0 = BahVyry — FB 1e-6-300-55 — Ot weyr. Tak Kak Momy¥eHHoe 3HayeHHe Wy, > 3Wy,,, TO MpHHATaA BernunHa rg = 50 M ocraetca B cue. Ec 3HayeHHe Wy. OKAKETCA MeHbILe 3Wy, ,, TO PaCUeT CJleLyeT HOBTOPHTb MPH HECKOJBKO MCHBLEM BHaveHHH To. HaxogumM 3HayenHe mapametpa i, 57-108 oe rnp leah i ba = GigsigrunVa = 3006-0,025-305 = 4.19. (1X.2) 178Tlo pwc. 1X.2 onpegensem Kospunuent oxpata macra ppoHTOM TOPeHHA MO NAOWaAM as (Ha MOMEHT MOAXOa poHTa ropeHuA K 9KC- nlyaTalMOHHBIM CKBaxKHHaM). B 3a4BHCMMOCTH OT MoyYeHHOrO napa- meTpa i, UMeem ag = 0,53. Jia onpegeienus Kos buuventa Hedreorgayn nmpesBapHTebHO BLIUHCIHM 3HAYeHHA KOXpPpHUKeNTOB Sy H Sy, Sy = Glpym = 25,2/945-0,28 = 0,095; 12-1,257 “as = 0,034. S,,, = S,2e% — 0,095 24287 Or Kospuunent Hepreorqayy Ha yuacTKe, OXBaYeHHOM (ppoxHToM ropeHuA, BEIYHCAIeM No copMy.1e af =p Soh See SOE Nt — 0,821. Kosppuunent vedpreorgayn WA Bcero yyactKa n= aan’ + A(1 — aes) = 0,9-0,53-0,821 + + 0,4 (1 — 0,9-0,53) = 0,6. TlavteabuocTh NepBoro repHosa paspaorkH HaXOAHM Mo Popmywte U = rg/W y= 50/0,1 = 500 cyt. KoamuecrBo 3aka¥aHHoro 3a STOT MepHok Bo3szyxa Va = 4Vs np) = 4-57-10. 500 == 14,25- 10° »°. Koanuecrgo nosyyeHHol cmecn, coctoauleli B OCHOBHOM 43 a30Ta H apoB BOLE, OMpeneraem Mo cbopmyste 6,5 = [0,79Py, +90, + Fo (are + Symp,)]V, (0X.3) THe Px, — NAOTHOCTb a30Ta; fn — OTHOWeHHe BoLOpoa K yraepony B KOKcOBoM octatKe; 6 — oTHOWeHHe MosaHHoro O6beMa BOYD! K O6b- eMy moxaHHoro BO3qyxXa B MOMAX eMHHMUB; y — KosppuunenT HCNOAL3OBaHUA BOSAYXa. B qannoit sagaue py, = 1,36 xr/m®; n = 1,2, 6 = 2.10%, y= = 0,9. CaexosateabHo, mo @opmyste (1X.3) Oy = [0,79-1,36 2-107. 108 0,9 7 9-25,2-1,2 4 Ht : + Shr (FFT + 0,23-0,28- 10°) |-14,25-10° = 47,4-10* xr, 179Maccosble 01H a30Ta 4 MapoB BOAbI B CMeCcH ONPeZeNAtotcA No thopmymam: 0,79-ViPN, __ 0,79-14,25-109-1,36 __ ex, Gg 7 9gn Eao= lp (que + Sume,) + 80,] GE-= G i 9-25,2-1,2 9 -' f coor pre 4 + 0,28-0,28- 10*) -} 2-10". 108] x 0,675. C yuerom nmorHocTH BoxaHOrO Mapa Py,o = 0,804 Kr/m* onpene- IMM IOTHOCTh CMecH Mo dopmy.ie peas PH,0P Ny. ae 0,804- mp x,P1,0 +8n,0Pn, —_ 9,323-0,804 + 0, Yuerbuy!o TeriOeMKOCTR cMecH oMpeyersem mo dopmyse (1X.4) THe cx, — yAeubHas Ten/oemKocTs agora; i" — yqenbHaa 9HTanbNHA HacbillenHoro mapa; Af — pa3HocTh Mexy TemmepaTypoli napa u nuiacropo temnepatypoli. [punumaem cx, = 0,96 KZaK/(Kr- K); = 2782 xJla/kr; At = 173 K. Moz- claBsias HX B (1X.4), nonyuuM Cap == 0,96-0,323 -}- 32 0,675 = 11,23 kaK/(Kr-K). Paguyc dpouta ropes npn mpo- PbIBe OTOPOYKH TOPAYHX 2%KHAKUX Mpd- AYKTOB B 9KCMyaTallMonubie CKBa- X%KUNbE HaXOLHM To dopmyste ” Cop = en, Bn, 1b “AP S,0> Puc. 1X.3. Sapucumocts BBIxKeH- : V. CmpPnpln | (1X.5) Holt nAOMAagH OT pasnyca pouTa ConPaaGr ropenia: Te To — pakwyc oTOpouKH pH Mpo- PbIBeE TOPAYHX %HAKAX NpoyKTOB B 9KCMMYaTalIOHHbIe = CKBAKHHEI; Cap, Ppp ——_ COOTBETCTBEHHO YACbHaA TEMIOEMKOCTh H MWIOTHOCTh CMeCH B Tag006pa3Hom cocToA- HHH; G, — CyMMapHoe KOAHYeCTBO MOAAHHOTO BO3AYXA; Cup) Pan — COOTBETCTBEHHO YiebHaA TEMMOCMKOCT H MIOTHOCTh maaera, Hacbi- IWeHHOTO BOsOH. ITH BeAMMHHBI paBHl OM; Pop = 0,925 xr/n; = 18,4-10° MP; cy = 253 KLbs/(Kr- *K); Pan = 4; 05 xr/®, Cre OBATENSHO, no dopmyse (1X.5) umeem B00: 11,2505: a 300: V1 474-108. PEGS SO = 118,2 T 180Tloansyacb BcnomoratebHELIM rpadHKOM 3aBHCHMoctH BLUKKetTOi naowagn S, oT paxuyca pponta ropenua ry (pac. IX.3), naxoqum S, = 3,110! mw” O6bem BbIKKeHHOH 30HbI COCTaBHT V, = S.A, = 3,1-10*-0,9-6 = 163. 10% Mm’, CyMMapHoe KoTHYeCTBO BOsAYXa, HeEOOXOAUMOe WIA BLOKHTAHHA storo o6bema, V,= VV FF = 302-163-10° = 54,7-10° Me. 0,9 Bpema, Heo6xo4uMoe JUIA BbNKHTaHHA MosyyeHHoro OObeMa Miva- cra, Vi—Ve » _ (64,7 — 14,25) 10° Van tS B7-108 OGpem usBiieKaemoli Hehru onpegensetca no dopuyae Van = 22h, mS,y = 2-300?- 6 -0,28-0,72-0,6 = 131-108 a. Cpeguee KoaHYectBO BO3AyXa, 3aTpayeHHoe Ha H3BsAeueHHe | MP Het, paBHo Voon = VlVney = B4,7- 108/131 - 108 == 416 9/9. Cpequnit ne6uT Hern ool akcnyaTalHOHHol CkBaxKHHBE panei Que ep = Vas W/4T = 131. 10%/4- 1208 = 27,1 mi/cyt. om +500 = 1208 eyr. Cpegunii rasosbti dbaxtop B cayyae, ecH KONMYECTBO NO) YeHHoro Ta3a paBHO KOMHYeCTBY 3aKayaHHOro BosAyXa, COCTaBHT Ve S44 108 Gen na 7 ei 2. PACHET MPOMDIUJIEHHOO fMPOWECCA TENIOBOM OBPABOTKH MJIACTA 3adaua 85. Tenosaa o6pa6orka naacra BegseTca KOMOHHUpoBaH- HBIM MeTOZOM H COCTOHT H3 {ByX sTanoB. Ha nepBoM stTane npHsaGoii- Haw 30Ha HarHerareibHOl CKBaxKHHbI NosorpeBaercA razoBo3Ly WHOlt cmecbio. Ha Bropom sTane B MaacT HarHeTaeTcA XOOAHaA BOA AIA NoayyeHHs Napa H BbITeCHeHHA HM HedTu. TIpuumaem, 4TO CKBaKHHb! Pacno/JlIOKeHb! 10 ceMHTOYeUHOH CxeMe (wecrh SKCIWIYaTaHOHHBIX CKBaKHH MO OKPyKHOCTH H O2HA HarHe- TatejlbHas B ueHTpe). Paccrosune MexKAy 9KCIYaTalHOHHbIMH H Ha- THeTaTeIbHBIMH CKBaxKHHAMH R = 100 mM. Cpeansaa MollNocTh Maacta h = 20, Tlopucroctp muacra m = 0,2; ocrarounan Hedrenacninen- Hoctb naacta B = 0,5. O6bem naacta, no_BeprHyToro TenjoBol obpaborKe, V, = aR = 3,14. 100?- 20 == 62,8- 104 n° 181AG6comorTuble 3anach HebrH Ha Hayano TenoBoi o6paborku V = V mB = 62,8-104-0,2-0,5 = 62,8-10* m®. \- Tipu BbirecHenni HedbTH NapomM MoxKHO poutyant 80% 9THX 3ana- coB Hepru HH oKoIO 62,8-105-0,8 = 5-104 mi. O6sem npusa6olinol sonbl onpexensetcH mo dopmyse Vo Vo ee ay’ (IX.6) are (1+ *) rye AT,,— npupoct temneparypst Reperperoro napa orHocHTenbHo HauaJIbHOli Temmepary PE, K, AT, = 700 K; AT, — npupocr TeM- nepatypst xono_Hol BoAb No TOUKH KHNeHHA, K, AT,, = 150 ¢, — TeNOeMKOCTL BOAbI, paBHa | KKaa/(Kr+ K); i—vrenaora uena- peHus Bogn, paBna 500 Kkaa/Kr. TloxcrapuB wncneHHbIe 3ua4¥eHHs BXOAAULNX B qopmysty (IX.6) BeIHYHH, HaliqeM OObeM NpexBapHTebHO MporpeBaemoli npusaGoii- HOH 30HbI: : Vig = aq a rare © 89:10 8 i4+422 + - 7 Bn 30 (! 500 HOH 89-10%. 100 4 “pate 14% Bcero oObeMa Nosexallero o6paborke naacta. J\1a Harpepa Takoro o6nema Macta NoTpeGyerca TenoBol aHep- THH Q = (AT, — AT,) Vo = (700 — 150) 500- 108-89. 10% = = 24,475.10 kan = 102,6 TI. O6ulee KomuyecTBO ra3a, HeoGXOAHMoe AIA MonyyeHHA sTOH aHeprHuu c yueTom 25% Ha TenoBble NoTepu, 6yzeT Vi = 1,25Q1: Q = 1,25: 24,475- 101: 8-10 = 3,82- 10" a0, rae Q = 8 Mxaa/kr — tenaora cropaHua nmpHpoguoro rasa. Jla6opatopHbiMH onbiraMH ycTaHoBseHO, 4YTO Ha cropaHue | M® raza rpeOyetca 9,5 m® Bosgyxa. Tlostomy pacxox Bo3fyxa cocTaBuT V, =9,5V, = 9,5-3,82- 10° = 36,3-10° m®. O6bem Becel ra30Bo3qyuIHoit cMecH Vou = Vp Vy = 3,82: 10° + 36,3- 10° = 40,12-10° mw. Paguye TpeBapHTeIbHOTO o6orpesa qiacta R,=VV jah = V'89 000/3,14-20 ~ 37,6 um. Tipremucroctb HarneraTembHolt CKBaxKHHI 100KHa ObITh He MeHee K = 105 m/cyr. Econ ona oxaxerca MeHbule, Heo6xXoqHMO NpHHATS MepbI K €@ MOBBILeHHIO. 182TlposokutTetbHOCTh HarpeBa miacta cocTaBHT ty = Vow? K = 40,12- 10°: 10° = 401 cyr. Tlocae nporpesa mpusa6oiivol 30Hbl HeOOXOMHMO MaKCHMaJIbHo 6bICTPO MpOBeCTH HarHeTaHHe BOAbI C TEM, YTOOEI CBOCBPeMeHHO Movy- yHTb Map JW OGpa6orKH Bcero maacta. ObuHii O6beM Bob, HEOOXOAHMBIT WIA HarHeTAHHA, ONpexemnTcA no @opMy.te O6beMHOH CKOPOCTH KOHBEKTHBHOTO MepeHoca TemoTbt B MOPHCTOH cpege mracta: Q=<2V,, (IX.7) o THe C, — TeNOeMKOCTh NeperpeToro mapa; Cy — TeMOCMKOCTh BOLI. OTH BeHYHHbI COOTBETCTBeHHO paBHbl 0,5 H | Mxaa/(m®- K). Caeqosa- TelbHo, mo cdopmyae (IX.7) Q, = SPST 628-108 = 314-108 a. Tipu nogaye HarnerareabHoli ycranoBKu q, = 500 m°/cyr npopon- XKUTEbHOCTh BbITeECHEHHA HeTH NapoM cocTaBUT t, = Q, 2 Gy = 314: 10% : 500 = 628 nHeil. O6uan MporOAKUTeAbHOCTS TeNOBOH OGpaboTkH yyacTKa nacta 6yner tog = ty -+ t, = 401 + 628 = 1029 ane ~ 3 roa. 3a 9TO BpeMA Mpesnodaraetca TOOLITh H3 Nuacta NyTeM TeNOBOit o6pa6orKn 5- 10% m® wera wan 5-104/1029 = 49 m*/cyr. SarpaTbl Ha Bech Mpouecc TemJoBol OOpaborkH cocTaBAT OKOO 0,5 maH. py6., uaH 0,5-10%: 5-104 = 10 py6 na | M® nedru. 3. PACYET TEMJIOBOA OBPABOTKH HCTOLEHHOTO HE®TAHOTO MJIACTA KOMBHHHPOBAHHbIM METOJIOM Sadaya 86. Tenzogaa oOpaborKa Maacta BeqeTCH MeTOJOM TeMJO- Boro uMMyabCa MyTeM MpesBapuTerbHoro oborpeBa MpHsa6oiHolt 30HbI ropsyel BOLOH HAM HacpILeHHbIM BOAAHLIM NapoM H Moceqy- lolero nepeHoca co3qanHo ropsyeli 30Hbl 3a cueT HarHeTaHHA XOOAHOM BOA, KOTOPat MPH BBICOKOM TemnepaType Naacta mpeBpa- Ulaetca B Map. 1, Yaenpubie notepu TenoBol aHeprun (Ha | M® o6paGoraHHoit udactH nuacta) 4 dee, Qa =z AT Wer Tes (IX.8) Tae Qy, — yAembHbIe MoTepH TenoBof sHepran, KKan/M®; AT — Chequee yBeaH¥eHHe TeMNepary psi Macra (Mo CpaBHeHHi0 C HOpMallb- Holi); 4 — xoadpuuneHT TenionpoBoguocTH HedrecogepxKaulux m0- 183Pou; ¢ — yfenbHaa TenOeMKOCTh STHX Mopog; ¢, — yAenbHaA Ten- NOCMKOCTH HACbILCHHEIX XKHAKOCTbIO TOPO; c, — YAeTbHaA TemoeM- KOCTb HarHeTaemoro paGouero areta; h — cpeqHAA MOUlHOCTh Mlacta; V, — pacxoa HarHeTaemoro arenta; ry — pauyc porta Temmepa- TYpHo BomHE. SHayennA aTHX BeAMUHH caegyioume: AT = 478 — — 303 = 175 K; %= 1 xkaa/(m®-K-4); c= 550 xKaa/ (w?- K); = 675 xxaa/(m*-K); c, = 875 KKaa/(m®-K); A = 20 mM; V, = 17,5 w/a; ry = 100 m. Tlocae nogcraHoBkH sTHx BeayHH B cbopMyay (1X.8) noaysum Qua = 175 VE BB 109 95.600 wana? — = 107,4 MIbK/se, 2. Koahpaunent noae3noro Jelicraua TenOMHKeKUMOHHOFO Mpo- uecca nal —4ar V asa a (1X.9) rae AQ, — npupoct TenoBoli aHeprun B | M® paGoyero areHTa np T; AQ,—tpupocr tenxopoi sHeprum B 1 M* naacra npu AT. Oru sennynnsr npu AT = 175 K pasnn: AQ; = 154-10° xKxaa/m ; AQ, = 118 500 kKaut/m?. Togcrapaaa ux B bopmyay (IX.9), noryaum 4 1-550 fal Paq 175 V 154-10%-118500-20-17,5 3. Cpequee yBeauuenwe TeMnepaTypbl naacra ia pacclosHHn r — 50 M or och ckBarkunbi, K. AT a= AT {1 —4ry _— [: -Vi-( 1—(E)]}- (IX.10) © 0 AT op = 1751 — 4.100 V meas “ x [1-1 — (Gay |} = 160 K. 4, MakcHMatbuas MposoaKHTeMbUOCTh TeMOHHKEKIMOHHOTO nMpouecca, 4 aT, ae fas = (1 — aE) Tae Tene * (IX) 100 = 0,784. TIpu Tex »%e O603HaYeHHAX H 3HaYeHHAX BeTMUHH No dopmyse (IX.11) noayyum (1 __ 160) 3,14-6752.207 fou = Te 16-1-550 Tipuuumaa oGbem mogBepraemoro o6paGoTKe Macta paBHbiM 628 000 m3 npu Kosdpuunente nopucroctu 0,2, HeOOxoqHMO 3akayaTh B maact 628 000-0,2 = 125 600 m® ropsue BoZpI. 134 = 5520 4=7 mec 20 quel.CneqopatenbHo, Tem 3aKkauKH jomxKeH G6bTh 125 600-5520 = = 22,8 m3/u = 548 M*/cyt. Tipx Kosppuunente mphemuctocrH HwarHeTaTebHoli CKBaxKHHEI, pasom 0,24-10°% af/cyr-I]a, aaa ycnemHoro npopezenna Tenio- WILKEKUMOHHOTO Mpouecca morpe6yercA uMeTb Ha 3a60e CkBaxKHHDI japjenne HarneraHua 548 : 0,24-10-% = 2,28-10° Ta. 310 AaBeHHe MOKHO CO3MaTb 3a C4eT BECa ctTom6a BOJIbI B CKBa- 2KHHE. 4, ONPEXENEHHE MPH MAPOTEMJIOBOA OBPABOTKE MJIACTA PEXKHMHbIX MAPAMETPOB PABOTbI CKBA)KHH 3adava 87. Tpe6yerca onpexeAuTh NpoxoMKUTeLHOCTL HarHera- HHA Mapa B CKBaXKHHY, CpeqHHli AeOUT CKBaXxKHHEI Moce OGpa6orKH H MpOMOMAKATCbHOCTD pa6orst CKBaKHHbI C MOBBILUCHHBIM e6uTom. Hcxoguble JaHnuble: AeOuT CKBAXKHHBI Oo OOpaGoTKH gy = 4 M3/cyT; MOWHOCTh mlacta h = 20 M; nopucrocrh nuacra m = 0,3; paguyc CKBaXKHHBI /, 0,084 m; panuyc mporpetoii 30nnt r, = 5 M; panuyc Apenaxka r, = 50 M; o6pemHasd TeloeMKocTb Nopogbl (MHHepasa) muatacta ¢, = 1970 xJIx/(m®-K); o6bemHas TenJIO@MKOCTh HacbilieH- HOFO %KHAKOCTHIO Macta ¢, = 2500 KJK/(m>- K); o6pemHan Tensoem- KOCTb MacToBoH 2%XHAKOCTH Cy = 3360 KJbK/(M*-K); o6bemHaa TeNNOeMKOCTh KOHJeHcaTa C, = 4190 KJQK/(m*-K); qapaenne Harne- vaHua p, = 4 Mla; temnepatypa mapa na 3a6oe T, = 522 K; muacTopad Temnepatypa 7), = 298 K; BogoHacbileHHocTh maactra S, = 0,5; cxppiraa Tensora napooOpa3zopanua i, = 1720 KI>K/kKr. Ory saayy MoxKHO pewHTb rpapuyeckum cnocobom. Jia storo HeOOXOLHMO NpeABapHTeLHO ONpeAeMUTS AHHelNbI pacxogd cyxoro napa g,,,, , H Kospuunent, XapaktepHsylouywl yleAbHyIo SHTANbNHIO Tacta @. JInunelinpii pacxox cyxoro mapa Je. nh = Fou nll (1X.12) THE Ge, = 8000 xKr/(4+M) — pacxog cyxoro mapa. CregoBaTesmbHo, Jeu n = 8000/20 = 400 Kr/(4-M). Kospuunert suranpnun nacta pea [m1 Sy) Py. ny FU =m) Oy + tn aS), (1X.13) i + MS,.6, Tye x, —CyxocTb Mapa Ha 3a60e, papa 0,624; p,,, — moTHocTb cyxoro napa, pasHad 19,69 kr/m3; ~,,, — MAOTHOCTb HacpMIleHHOroO Napa, ompezetserca mo dopmyste 1 1 tn 0,624 Pe. Ps 19,69 3xecb Py, — IWIOTHOCTb BOMLI. Pun = = 31,3 Kr/M 0,624 185Tloxcrabus aru anauenua B (IX.13), noryunm \ 9 =3,14 [0,3 (1 —0,5)31,3-0,624+ (1 —0,3)1970 M8 522 — 298 + 0,3-0,5-4190 2 | — 829, SHad 3HAYEHHA e.yay Ty MP, ONPEMEAAOT NPOMOM*KUTeEMbHOCTH HarHeTaHHA Mapa B CKBaxKHHY t, Mo HOMorpamme (puc. [X.4), Sra Try gen, Yep /Fo yn Py OM Re 7 oT FOr 1570 lip 495 Feel 25 2 40, 6 | 2eh 1269 rob 360 | “ 200 5 10 gaa} a : 6 TOY pase T AR 5 100 4 i 4 627 3 ee g - 472| { “yaar i Se! 2 ++ +H a | 34 | ! L 1 m 263 fate o 7 2 8 4 5 Waly Puc, 1X.4, Homorpamaa 2a onpeneme- Puc, 1X.5. Tpadux aaa onperenenus Hs MPOOMKUTebHOCTH HarHeTAHHA — cpemuero AeOHTA CKBAXKINE! TPH Mapo- Napa mpw naporentonof o6paborke rensopoft o6pa6orKe. tajfgi 1 340; 2—~ 500; 3 — 700, ¢ — 1300 HOMOFpaMMa COCTOHT W3 MATH NapaseAbHBIX wkat (uIkana x — BenoMoraTelbHaAn, OHa He rpanyHposana). Ha yersipex morapudmn- WeCKHX WIKalaX HaHECeHbl 3HAYEHUA Y, Ty, Joonh H Tr Ha mxkanax r,; 4 P HaxogaT TOUKH,"coorBeTcTByIOIIMe HX 3Haue- HAM, HCOCAHHAIOT “HX MpAMOH WHHHel, KoTOpad mepeceyer BcTOMO- raTeAbHY10 Wkaly x B TOUKeE A. Sate Yepes TOUKY HA WKATE Yon, p = = 400{u Touxy A npoBogsT npaMyto JHHMIO, NposoKeHHe KoTopoit B mepecevenHu co WkaJOl_t, H OMpeseHT UCKOMOe 3HaveHHe T, = = 3,8 cyT. a Tlo rpauxy (puc. [X.5) MoxHo ompexenuTh cpequHnit Je6ut ckBa- XKUHEI Nocae oOpadorKu. Ilia sroro Ha ocu aGcunce Haxo{UM TOUKY, coorserctsytoulyio sHayenHio In r,/r, = In 50/5 = 2,3. 3arem naii- Mem Mepecetenve ee BePpTHKaTbHOM MpoeKHH C CooTBeTCTByOMNel KpHBoH, ¥TO ONpe_esUT Ha OpAAHaTe oTHOWEeHHe g.)/qGo = 1,9. Caego- BaTeIbHO, CPeHHH ACOUT CKBAaXKHHLI Mocte OOpasorku paBel q., = = 1,9 qo = 1,9-4 = 7,66 m/cyr. 186TipogoskuTetbHocTb pa6ors! CKBaxKHHBI C NOBBIMEHHEIM ,e6HTOM B pesyabtate o6pa6oTkH onpezemuM no copy 2 murphy ty — 273 __ 20-2500, 522— 273 Tp = Gig IN Rp = asa In 3g = 217 cyr. 5. PACHET PACIPEQEJIEHHA TEMMEPATYPbI NO CTBOJLY ®OHTAHHOM CKBA)KHHBI Sadaxa 88. Onpegeauts cHwxeHHe macroBoli Temnepatyppi B CTBOJI@ CKBa2KHHbI Ha BbICOTe Z OT 3a60n TIpH Cle AyrOulHxX TaHHblx: z = 1000 m; reorepmnueckuii rpaguent [ = 0,01 K/m; Benomora- TeAbHbI Napamerp a = 1,0. A KKan/M TK y 3 x tol h hr girs) c,eKanfixe K) Puc, IX.6, Honorpamma aa onpegenetma Betomorarembioro mapaerpa a. Flax pemenua srod 3aqayn MomHO NpuMenHTb dopMy.ly Mt=re(1—4==") (1X.14) dz)? a rye aA ai 1000ge In 2 na 4 — xoapunuent renionposoguoctu, Kka/(M-4+K); g — qeOuT cKBa- 2KHHEI, 1/4; ¢— yelbHaf TenoemMKocTb He@raHoro foToKa, kkani/(Kr- K); r, — Hapy?KHblii pauyc HacocHo-KOMMpeccopHbIx Tpy6, M; rf, — BHYTpeHHHA paguyc oOcaqHbIx Tpy6, M. 187Oguako Takylo 3afauy Mmpomle pemntTh rpadpuueckuM cnoco6om. Jaa rpaduyeckoro peenus 3aqaun peKoMeHAyIOTCA HOMOrpaMMbI H3 BplpableHHblx TONeK Ha MapadievIbHBIX orapHpMHyecKHX mka- Wax. Tlepsax Homorpamma (puc. [X.6) cocrout v3 cemu mapasviembHBIX Wikas, Ha MATH H3 KOTOpBIX (A, ¢, 9, fy/ry H &) HaHeCeHb! 3HaveHHsa Ig 2nd, Ig c, Ig 10009, In ra/ry, Ig a. kant x ny BcnomoratedbHble. Onn He 30 1or-| TPaky#popanni. "9 na onpexeneHua BCrO- 7 MoraTebHOTO Mapametpa a BbIOMpaeM Ha WKaax AH 5 ¢ touxn A un B, coorser- CTBYIoMHe 3a/aHHbIM 3Ha4e- zm i @ @,1/u 43000 34 HMSM 9THX BeTHUHH, H co- @\HHACM HX NpAMOM aH- 2 uueli. Haxogum touxy C mepeceveHuaA 3TOH mpAMolt cO WKkaoH x, KoTOpy! co- ‘g.001-~1.4 CAKHAeM NpsaMoli c TOUKOI 7 D wa ocn q, coorserctBy- rouleli 3ayanHomy ge6uty. 5 Touxy £ nepeceyenua nps- moli CD co wiKanoli y coequ- 4 HaAeM NpsaMol c ToUKOH F s4 wkaasi r,/r;, coorpercrBy- 4 ouleli 3aaHHOMy _oTHoule- 2+ HuIO paquycos. Touxa G q mepeceyeHna TocleqHeli 4 2 NpAMoH co wiKamoit & on- 4 0.000] PedeauT uckoMoe 3HaueHHe 7 0,012. f a. TIpu safannptx 3Haye- ‘0 Huax 4 = 0,5 KKas/(M-4- K), Puc. IX.7. Honorpanwa gas onpexenena ¢ = 0,4 xKaa/(xr-R), q BcnomoratebHoro NapaneTpa a= az == 20 t/4, ra/r) = 1,5 waxo- auM @ = 0,001 I/M. Tlo sropoit Homorpamne (puc. 1X.7) opezeasem BcnoMoraTesbHbII napamerp a = az. Coequusia npamoii Toux A u C Ha wKaaax z H a, B MepeceveHuH CoO WkasolH a B ToUKe B HaxoquM sHayeHne a= 1,0. Tperba Homorpamma (puc. 1X.8) cayauT Wi HenocpexcTBeHHOrO BLIMHCICHHA CHKeHHA TeMnepatypLi B cKBaxKHHe Ad Ha BbiCoTe z Hay 3a60eM no cpaBHenio c naacrosolt. Jia HawiHx WaHubIx 2 = 1 Bawounn B. E. Hovorpansus gis ycrauosmenta pacnpetencaus Temme- parypst no ctpoay couraiuio ckBaxunt. —- «Heprenpombietopoe jesor, 1969, 8, c. 16-19. 188== 1000 m, T = 0,01 K/m, a = 1,0 naxonum At = 4 K. Tpn stom orpewHOCTh MO CpaBHEHWIO C SKCIEPHMERTANbHBIMM aHHbIMH NpH rayOune ckBaxuHbr no 2000 m cocraBaaer meee 1%. Tiposepka Ha SBM nosyuenHbix MPH NOMOWM HOMOrpaMM JaHHBIX nokasasa BOE YyOBNeTBOpHTerbUbIe pesylLTaTH. YkasanHble ZM x atk a rK/M 0,006 0,005 0.004 F 8,003 9,002 Puc, 1X.8. Homorpasna 2a BbruuceHus ci KcHuA TeMMepatypEl AT no crBoay okranHoh cKBaaKititet HOMOFPaMMbI MOZKHO MPHMCHATh IPH OMpeweweHHu riyOHHBI OTMO2%Ke- Hull MapadHHa H pH Apyrax pacuerax, CBAZAHHBIX C pacnpeseneHHem Temnepatypbl NO CTBONY POHTAHHOH CKBaKHHE. 6. PACYET MOTEPb TEMJJOTbI M0 CTBOJIY CKBA)KMHbI IPH MAPOTENJOBOA OBPABOTKE Ilpu naporensosoit o6pa6orKe HeoGxoqUMo 3HaTb NOTepH TeNJOTHL B CKBaxHIe H peXUMHbIe NapaMerpb! paborbl CKBa KH! Torepu tensorbl 10 CTBOAY CKBa%KHHbI MOXKHO ONpeseHTb No popmy.te 2nryKhn oH? Q eT ay | (To OH — u |; (1X.15) *Mycraca fl. A, HamKoB B, A. Maporenaonan o6pasorka cKpa- aku Ha npomicaax Batuxupun. — eHeiprenponnicaosoe nero», 1967, Ne 8, c. 20—25. 189rae Q — notepH Temorbt no CTBOAY CKBaxKHHI, KKau/4; 7, — BHy- TpeHHul paguyc Hacocho-KomNpeccopHbix Tpy6, mM; K — cyMMapHoiit KOs@PHUHEHT TenvionepenayH, KKawt/(M?-K-+4); A, — cpeqHHit Koatp- uuvenT TenonpoBozKocTH TOPHEIX Nopog, kxan/ (Mt K-4); f@— TloTep# TeMmoTH B Nopoge B PYHKUHH BpeMeHH 3a BpeMA MporpeBa (Gespa3mepHoe 4HcuI0, paBHo 2,5—4,5); 4 Ac) _f. Ty —Temnepatypa paOouero arenta (mapa) wa ycree cKsaauner, K; 0) — 4,0 cpeaHerojopan Temnepatypa Bo3qyxa B paiione ycrba cKBaxuupl, K; H — as [| ray6una urireppana saxauKH pa6overo x01 f | Hite _| |) arenta, M;0 — reorepmuyeckHii rpa- A 1 | aueut, K/. 1 + Sadaua 89. Onpereante notepu 9 5 m 18 20 tyr cennorsl =B CKBaKUHe, ecnH Tr, = = 0,031 m; K = 159 xkan/(m?-K-u); Tne uerepi Renna a mapas FH Lge tame eas #210 eym rm Ae B (Bpema mporpesa); f (t) = 3,78 (puc. Symreunn Bpenenn IX.9); 7) = 468 K; 0 = 275 K; H = 1300 m; o = 0,0154 K/m. Tloap3yacb dopmyvio# (1X.15), onpexenum 2-3, 14-0,031 -159-0,245, = ta +0,031-159-3,78 [468 275) 1500, -— = 95400 kKaa/u (400 MJIxx/a). 0,0154- 1800" ae 3 = CymMapHble norepH TenoTbt 3a BpemA nporpeBa Qos = 24Qt = 24-95 400-10 = 22,9- 10° kaa (96 I Jl), rae ¢ = [0 cyt — Bpema nporpesa. OGuee KoMHYeCTBO TeIVIOTH, MOABEeHHOe K CKBaxKUHe, ompe- Aenaetca mo dopmyue Q' =iG, (IX.16) rye i — 9xTaNbNUA Napa, XapakTepusyiomas ero TensoBbie cBolicrBa (mpw gassennu 1,2 MIla 4 temneparype 468 K i = 672,9 xkaa/xr); G — maccosbiit pacxog 3akauanHoro napa, G = 300 r = 300 000 xr. CnegopatesbHo, no dopmyse (1X.16) Q’ = 672,9-300 000 = 201,87-10° kau. Koanuectso TenmioTb, qouenuei no 3a6on, Q” = QV — Qos = (201,87 — 22,9) 10° = 178,97- 10° Kan (750 I Ih). pias TeNMOTEE Sat nS 100 = sarS7 100 = 11,3%.X. MOJ3EMHbIH PEMOHT CKBA)KHH 1. FHPABJIMYECKHA PACHET MIPOMBIBKH 3ABOAHbIX NECYAHBIX MPOBOK Sadaua 90, Mposecru rugpasanyeckuit pacuer mpombiBKH 3a6oii- Holi mecuaHoli npoOxu [7], 1s yero onpesxeaHTb AaBseHve Ha BbI- KHe Hacoca, HeoOxoqUMy1o MOLJHOCTB ABHTaTeiA, JaBleHHe Ha sa60e CKBaXKHHbI, BPEMH Ha MpOMbIBKy NpOOKH H paspywialoulee Jelicrane crpyH. CpaBHuTb npaMylo H OOpaTHylo MpoMbIBKy Bogoii u Hedrbio. Vcxogupie gannbie: rayOuna ckpaxunbt H = 2000 mM; quamerp 9KcITyaTalHouHo KonOHHEE D = 168 MM; HaMeTp TIPOMbIBOUHEIX tTpy6 d = 73 MM; MakKcuMaJIbHbIit pasMep MecyHHOK (3epeH), cocTaB- aislouHx mpobxy, 6 = | MM; necyanas mpoOKa Haxog_uTcs B dKCIya- TaHOHHOH KOAOHHE Blue duarbTpa. TIpombisKa BegeTca MpoMbIBo4- HbIM arperatom A3MHMAII-35, skcnayaTauHonHaa XapakTepHcTuKa KoToporo MpuBesena B TaGa. X.1. Tipamas npombiska Bo,oit 1, NorepH aapnenua Ha rugpaBanueckHe comporuBreHuA mpH ABWKCHHH M%KHAKOcTH B 73-mMM Tpy6ax onpesenaorca No Popmyse 2 hy ES, M BO. CT., * (X.1) rye A — Koxppuuvent Tpenua NpH ABHXKEHHH BosBI B Tpy6ax; d, — BHYTpeHHHH AHaMeTp MPOMBIBOUHEIX TpyO, M; Jy — CKOPOCTh HHCXO- Asulero NoTOKa »%HKOCTH, M/c, GepeTca H3 Ta6T. X.2. B wauux pacuerax 9TH BeHYHHDI paBHbl: 2 == 0,035 (ra61. X.3); d, = 0,062 mM; u,; = 1,048 w/c; vy 4 = 1,52 Mes Oy yy, = 2,32 o/ Ta6anua Xt Texwnueckaa xapakrepuetnka arperata AsHHMALL-35 (waxcumanbHaa MouHocTb neHratena 110 xBr) Homnnaaaas Bxaovennas | wacrota npawe- | “Ucr0 ABolimex | Foaua wacoca, | Manmenve Ha ckopocts | Hus apuratens, | XOROB MayiKe- aye pukige, MT 06 /natat pap muhyty I 2500 39,7 3,16 16,0 IL 2500 58,0 4,61 11,0 IIL 2500 88,2 7,01 72 Iv 2500 134,0 10,15 4,3 191TaGauna XQ Ckopocts HHCXORMUIerO NOTOKA KHAKOCTH B NPOMBIRONHBIX TPyOAX (2 cm'e) [18] Awawerp tpy6, mo EE. oe eo 1 49,5 33,1 22,0 12,6 2 99,0 66,2 44,0 25,2 3 148,5 99,3 66,0 37,8 4 198,0 132.4 88,0 50,4 5 75 165,5 110,0 66,0 6 297,0 198,6 132,0 75,0 7 346.5 231,7 154,0 88,2 8 396,0 264.8 176,0 100,8 10 495,0 31,0 220.0 126,0 15 742,6 496,6 330,0 189,0 Ta6Oanna X3 Koodpuunent riapasamueckoro conpormadenis 2 as Bonet Twanerp tpy6, am 48 60 | 73 | 89 | 14 0,032 Suauenne 1, | 0,04 | 0,037 | 0,035 | 0,034 Uay = 3,36 M/c. Onn Hafiqenbi no TaGn. X.2 nyTem HHTepnonMpoBa- HHA JI pacxozos kuyAKocTH (mpH I, I, IE 4 TV cxopocrax), paBix 3,16; 4,61; 7,01 1 10,15 a/c. Tlogcrapus uncaennbie 3Hayenus 8 (X.1), momyyHM norepH AaBae- HHA Ha rRApaBsnueckue CouporuBaenHua A, Mp paGote arperata: Ha cKxopocra I = 2000 1,048? Ay = 0,035 —- -5% Tor FHS = 63,2 MI Bon. cT.; ua eKopocru IT 2000 T00r = 133 mM Bos. cr.; Ay yy = 0,085 —— na cxopocin II 2000 2,322 Ayn = 0,035 Ter Boar = 309 mM BO4. Ha cKopocrn IV 2000 3,367 Ay ry = 0,035 = Tier boar = 648 M. Bod. cr. 192Ta6auna XA CkopocTh ABILKEHHA AKHIXOCTH B KoBLeBOM mpoctpancrRe (8 cM/c) + [lwamerp oxcrayataumonnoa Kosonntl, MM Pacxoa md 168 ransoeTt, jacoco Kownipeccopuux tpy6, MM o | 3 | 0 | |» 3 59,0 79,8 30 34,5 20,2 22,2 26,2 4 78,8 106,4 40 46,0 27,0 2916 34,9 5 98,4 133,0 50 57,5 33,8 37,0 43,6 6 118,0 159,6 60 69,0 40,5 44,5 52,3 7 137,8 186,2 70 80,5 47,3 51,8 61,1 8 157,6 212,8 80 92,0 54,0 td 69,8 10 197,0 266,0 100. 115,0 67,5 74,0 87,2 15 295,0 399,0 150, 172,5 | 101,0 11,0 131,0 2. TiorepH ajaBnenua Ha THuqpaBANYecKHe compoTuBieHua pH BYXKeHHIL CM€CH XKHAKOCTH C MeCCKOM B KOJIbWeBOM Npocrpancrse CKBaxKHHbL ONpesetsiorca no (opmyj7e 2 Up T Tg? M BOA. CT, (X.2) 3rech P — KoaPPHUNeHT, YYHTHIBAIOULMA MOBLINeHHe rH_paBanyue- CKHX NOTeph AaBICHHA B pesy/bTAaTe COMepAAaHUA HeCKa B AKHAKOCTH. Beanauna ero Koue6setca or 1,1 yo 1,2; npuuumaem p = 1,2; A — KoOsPPHLUMeHT TPeHHA MPH ABM2KEHHH BOALI B KOMbUEBOM MpocrpalicrBe, onpexeaaerca no pagHocTH yuaMerpop 168-ma u 73-mM Tpy6 150 — 73 = 77 mm (150 mM — BHyTpenHut AMameTp 168-mm Tpy6), uro nourH coorsercrByer 89-mM Tpy6am, Jaa KoTopbIx A = 0,034 (cm. Ta61. X.3); d, = 0,073 mM — napyxXHbIit AHaMeTp TIpOMBIBOUHBIX 73-MM Tpy6; U, — CKOPOCTb BOCXOAAIMErO NOTOKA XHAKOCTH B KOJIb- ueBoM Mpocrpancrse, M/c (HaXO{AT MyTeM HHTepnOAHpOBaHHA To ta6a. X.4). [laa pacxogos xuaKocTu (npy I, II, il HIV cxopocrax), papunix 3,16; 4,61; 7,0 10,15 a/c sHaueHMa Us, vs, Up vy” COOT- BeTCTBeHHO paBubt 0,; 276; 0,399; 0,610 u 0,880 m/c. TlogcraBaaa uncnenible 3HaveHua B (X.2), Nosy4HM BeaMUnHBI hy mp pa6ote arperata: Ha cxopoctu I : 2000 __0,2762 : Ay = 1,2-0,034 Epos Boer = 412 M BOR. CT. Ha cxopoctu If 2000 0,399 0,15— 0,073 2-9,81 7 ALM. tOpaye 193 hy 1 = 1,2-0,034 = 86M BOM. chsHa ckopocru III hignns = 1,2-0,034 57a =20,1 w por. cr; f Ha ckopoctu IV 2000 0,882 ftw = 1,2-0,034 15 — 0,075 Doar — 418 M Box. cr. 3. Tlorepx wanopa na ypaBHosemmBanue cTom60B %HAKOCTH pas- Holi MMOTHOCTH B MpoMBIBOSHEIX Tpy6ax H B KOAbUeBOM Mpocrpanicrse onpefeasiorca mo dopmyse K. A. Ampecosa: Ig= Cam [to (1-42) = 1], a non. or., (X.3) rye m — nopueroct necuanok npobku; F — nxoljayy ceveHua aKc- TalyaralMoHHoli KOON, cM*, /— BbIcoTa MpoOKH, MpoMbiTolt 3a O@HH Tipe, M (HHA AByXTpyOHoro somena); f— Maomagth cevenns KOMbUeBOTO NpocTpaticTBa CKBaXKHHLI, CM*; P, — MIOTHOCTh mecKa, Kr/M3; Py — MAOTHOCTL Bob, Kr/M*; v,, — CKOpOCTb cBoGomnore NafeHuA necunHoK, cm/c (KpHTHYeCKad CKOpocTh), oMpeyerserca To va6n. X.5; ¥, —CKOpocTh BOCXOAAMero NoToKa »%*«HAKOCTH, cm/c. B namet 3aqaue stu BeWYHHE! paBHBl: m = 0,3; F = 177 cM? (168-mm akcnayaraunonnoli kononHE); / = 12M; f = 135 mM? (Mexzy 168-mm u 73-mM tpy6amu); 9, = 2600 xr/m*; 0, = 1000 Kr/M; = 9,5 em/c (cm. ta6a. X.5). CaeqoBareabHo, no dopmysie (X.3) HMeem 3Ha¥eHHe hy pu paboTe arperara: Ha cKopocru I Up = hg = — 1] =7,8 » Boa, cry Ta6anuna X5 Kpuruueckas cxopocts nayeHust necuHHOK Uxp Maxenmastp- Cucpoere Makcumetb- Cropocrs Maxcumanb- Cropocre unt pasmep | ROPCM"er? | uta paawep | Snocemuc’® | uit paauep | “novesuore Sepen ant met sepen ui nent ‘sepen mst mea 0,01 0,01 O17 2,14 0,45 4,90 0,03 0,07 0,19 2,39 0,50 5,35, 0,05 0,19 0,21 2,60 0,60 6,25 0,07 0,36 0,23 2,80 0,70 7,07 0,09 0,60 0,25 3,00 0,80 7,89 OIL 0,90 0,30 3,50 0,90 8,70 0,13 1,26 0,35, 3,97 1,00 9,50 0,15 1,67 0,40 4,44 4,20 11,02 194, na ckopocru IT 1 —0,3) 177-12 ¢ 2600 (1 a fgu= 135 ooo oe 1] = 10,8 M Box. cr.; Ha ckopocru III (1— 0,3) 177-12 [Fane (1 9,5 hyn = 35 = 1] = 13,1 M Bog. cr.; 1000 \" ~~ 6r Ha ckopoctu IV (10,3) 177-12 f 2600 9,5 i big = CE | Gooe (! -+=)- 1]= 146 M BOs. cr. 4. Tlorepu japnenus Ha ruqpaBsAHuecKHe COMpOTHB.eHHA B Ware H BepTVOre MPH ABWKEHHH BOLI ONpeAeMAIOTCA MO ONBITHBIM NaHULIM, TpHBegennbM B Taba. X.6. Morepx Hanopa, Bo3HuKaloulHe B uWiaHTe hy H BepTmore (yroub- uuke) hs, cocraBlAIoT B CyMMe pH paGore arperata: na cKopoctu I — (ty + h,); = 4,7 M Bog. cT.; Ha cxopoctu IT — (fy + As), = 10,4 m Bon. cT.; na cxopocrn ITI] — (hy + Ag);;, = 22 M Boa. cT.; Ha cxopoctu IV — (fg + As)y = 31 M Bog. cr. 5. Tlorepu qapaenua Ha ranpaBauueckue conporusienus B 73-MM HarHeTaTeAbHOH HHH OT Hacoca Jo waaHra. IIpanumaem Aauny stoi aunun J, = 40 m. Torga no dopmyae (X.1) nonyyum hy npu paGote arperata: ua cxopocru I 40 1,0482 7 hig1 = 0,035 Woe Var = 1,3 M Bod. cT.; Ha cKopocru II 40 1,522 hig iy = 0,035 Tier Do = = 2,7 M Bow. cr.5 Ha cKopocru III fig 141 = 0,035 0. 28 Der 2-081 = 6,2 M Bog. cr; Ta6anua X6 Tapasanveckne notepn wanopa B uuiaire M Beprsore Pacxon, Toren Pacxog, ee noms, 3/¢ A poe, 1/e iantopa, mM, AK M Box cr. as a M Bon, Cr fe ra cE rey eee 3 4 7 22 4 8 8 29 5 12 9 36 6 17 10 50 rad 195Ha cKopocra IV 403,362 \ he wv = 0,085 565 Sor = = 13,0 M Bou. cr. 6. Jlapnenne Ha BbIKuge Hacoca ompegedseTca cyMMol motepb, Te. Dy = hy hy thy thy + hye, M BO. eT. (X.4) Bupaxaa p, B MIla, umeem Poa = Tye Pra (tn Ma f+ Ig tg +h), MTT. (X.5) Tlo dopmyae (X.5) nonyyum p, Upu paGote arperata: wa cxopocTu I Pat = yr 10°-9,81 (63,2 +-4,12-+7,8-+4,7-+ 1,3) =0,796 MM; Ha cKopoctu II Pu = 7 109-9,81 (133 + 8,6 + 10,8 + 10,4 4- 2,7) = 1,62 MITa; Ha Gautae HE Pum = a 10°- 9,81 (309 + 20,1 + 13,1 + 22 4- 6,2) = 3,64 MITa; Ha cKopoctu IV Paw = ep 108-9,81 (648-} 41,8 + 14,6-+ 31 + 13) = 7,34 MM; 7. Tlapnenve ua 3a60e ckKBaxKHHBI 1 Pa For Png thy fs), MTA, (X.6) me H — rayOuna cKBaxKnubt, M. Tlo d@opmyste (X.6) umeem p, mpu paGoTe arperata: Ha cxopoctH I Pat = oo 108-9,81 (2000 + 4,12 4-7,8) = 19,7 MITa; Ha tee a I ’ Psi = a 10%. 9,81 (2000 + 8,6 -+ 10,8) = 19,8 MITa; Ha cKopoctu II Pati = a 10*.9,81 (2000 + 20,1 + 13,1) = 19,9 MTa; Ha cxopoctu IV Paw = _ 103-9,81 (2000 +- 41,8 + 14,6) = 20,15 MIla.8. MoujHocth, HeoOxoquMasl AvIt MpoMbIBKH NecyaHow mpo6xn, onpefensetcs mo dopmyae N =p,Q/10",, KBr, (X.7) re 1, = 0,65 — oO Mexannueckuit kK. 1. 2. arperata. Tloapay acb opmynoit (X.7), noryunm N (B KBr) npu paGote arpe- rava: na cKopocTu I N, = 0,796 - 10°- 3,16 -1079/10°-0,65 = 3,87; na cKxopocta IT Ny = 1,62-10%- 4,61 - 107°/108-0,65 = 11,5; na cKopoctu IIT Ni = 3,64: 10°-7,01 - 109/10°-0,65 = 39,2; ua cKopocta IV Nyy = 7,34- 10°- 10,15-1079/10°-0,65 = 114,6. 9 Arperar A3MHMAIL-35 umeeT MakcHManbHY!0 MOULHOCTL JBH- rater 110 KBr, a noatomy paGora ero na IV cKopoctH HeBo3MOxKHAa (npua. 17). Koappunuent ucnob30BaHH A MAKCHMAIE HOM MOWLHOCTH MpOMbIBOU- Horo arperata K ONpeeAeTCA H3 COOTHOWWEHHA K =—*— 100,%. (X.8) Nmax Tlo @opmyae (X.8) umeem BemmunHy K mpu paGote arperara: ua cKopoctu I K, = 457 100 = 3,5%; Ha cKopoctu IT Ky = 22 100 = 10,4%; Ha cKopoctu IIT Kin =A2 100 = 33,6%. 10. CxopocTs noxbema pa3MbiTOro mecka v, oMmpesetseTcH Kak PasHocTh cKopocTei Oy == Uy — Crp (X.9) Tlo dbopmyze (X.9) umeem v,, mpu pa6ote arperata: Ha cxopoctu I U1 = 0,276 — 0,095 = 0,181 m/c; Ha cxopoctw II Un 11 = 0,399 — 0,095 = 0,304 m/e; 197wa ckopocru ITT Un ut = 0,610 — 0,095 = 0,515 m/c. ‘ 11. TpogomxutembHocts noxbema pasmsiToit mpo6ku nocae npo- MBIBKH €€ Ka?KAbIM KOJIEHOM JO NOABJCHHA YACTOH BOLbI ONpeseAeTCH to copmyse t= Hv. A (X.10) Tlo dopmyae (X.10) umeem ¢ mp paGote arperata: na cKopocTu I t, = 2000/0,181 = 11050 c=3 4 18 mun; Ha cKopoctn II ti, = 2000/0,304 = 6590 c= 1 4 50 Mun; ua cKxopoctu IIT ty), = 2000/0,515 = 3890 c= 1 4 6 Mun. 12. Pasmpipaioulas cusla cTpyH %*HAKOCTH. Culy yfapa cTpyH npo- MBIBOUHOH 2KHXKOCTH MO?KHO onpeeHTb M10 culezylouleii cbopmyure: a P=2.10:2_, «Ma, (X.11) fuk rae Q—nogaya arperata, u/c; f,— Naoulaqb Monepeynoro ceye- HUA CTPYH XKHAKOCTH, HarneTaeMol B cKBaxKUHy, cM’; F — maoulaab IpOXOAHOTO ceveHHA SKCMAyaTauMOHHOH KOMOHHEI, cM*®. B nameii gagave 9TH BeNHYHHEI paBHbl: f, = 30,2 cm? (gaa 73-MM KONOHHEI); F =177 cn? (ana 168-mM Komonubl). CnegoBaterbuo, m0 dopmyme (X.11) HMeem cuy ctpyx P npn pa- Gore arperata: Ha cKopoctu I - 3,162 7 f Pi ==2- 1O aa = 0,374 KIla; Ha cxopoctu IT 4,612 Py = 210 aa = 0,796 KMa; Ha cKopocta IIT Puy = 2-10? Oh = 1,84 wT. OGparHan npombiBka BoROK 1. Tlorepu nanopa Ha ru~paBauyeckHe conpoTHBAeHHA MpH XBH- 2KCHHH XKHAKOCTH B KObUCBOM NpocTpaHcTBe Mexzy 168-mM 4 73-MM TpyOamu Onpexensorca no cbopmyse 2 2, A ana. (X.12) 198f Tlo tbopmyste (X.12) umMeem npn paSoTe noyLeMHHKa: na cKopoctu I 2000 27 3.4 M Bon. cr. 015 —0,073 29,87 — 41% M BOA. Chas wa cxopocta II fy 1 = 0,034 fy = 0,034 2000 0,399 _ 79 ; 01s —0,073 D9,a1 17 M BOA. CTs Ha cKopoctu III fy 1 = 0,034 oe —o07F = 16,8 m Bog. cr.; Ha cKopocta IV 2000 0,882 hy wy = 0,034 O15 —0,07F 2981 = 35,0 M Bod. cr. 2. Tlorepw Hanopa Ha ru~paBanyeckne ConpoTHBAeHHA Mp ABH- 2KEHHH CMeCH XKHAKOCTH C TecKOM B 73-MM Tpy6ax ONpedessAOTCA MO copmyae 2 Hv 3 haha ae? aa Te UV, — CKOPOCTh BOCXOAAIMeTO MOTOKA PpaBHa VU, IPH mpsamow TIpo- MBIBKe, 4 IOTOMY B paCueTaX HCMOMb3YIOT CKOPOCTH, HalifeHHbIe panee mo Taba. X.2. Tlonp3yscb dopmysok (X.13), ompegenum h, mpu paGote noybeMHHKa: ua ckopoctu I hha = 1,2-0,085 Gay pgep = 756 M Bor. crs Ha cKopocta II fy = 1,2-0,085 GOR. PE = 160 0 non. ery na ckopoctu IIT hy 11 = 1,2-0,035 Shoe eon = 371 M Bog. cr. Ha cKopocta 1V fig wy = 1,2-0,035 2000. 3.56" 0,062 F = 778 M BOL. cT. 3. Tlorepn nanopa Ha ypaBHOBellMBanue pa3sHocTH morHocteli *HAKOCTeH B MPOMBIBOUNEIX TpyOaX M KOJbUeBOM NpocTpancrBe onpe- Reasotes no dopmyne (X.3), B KoTOpyo BMecTo f nogcTaBAawT u = 80,2 cm? — nuomjayb BHyTpeHHero ceyenua 73-mm Tpy6. 199Cnenopaterbuo, mio copmyste (X.3) umeem hg npu pabote noxsem- HHKa: ua cKopoctu I (1 —0,3) 177-12 F 2600 95 : tty = pp | Foor (1 — ore) — 1] = 67,5 m Boa, or, Ha cKkopoctn IT (1—0,3) 177-12 F 2600 fig = B® [oo (1 — fer) — 1] = 71,0 w Bon, cr., Ha cKopoctu III (10,3) 177-12 f 2600 9,5 _ : Ag sy =a | aor F000 (1 -—35r)- 1] = 73,5 M BOM, cT.; Ha cKopocta IV (1—0,3) 177-12 f 2600 ae hg = CSOT | ap (1 sa) — 1) = 75,4 m won. er. 4, Tuapasanueckue oTepH AaBeHHA B IWaHre wu BepTlore Np o6paTHoi mpombiBKe OGLINHO OTCYTCTBYIOT HH HHYTOKHO MadBl. 5. Tlorepu qaBienna va ru{paBiMveckue CONpOTMBeHNA B Ha- rHeTaTeIbHOH AHHH GyAyT TakHe we, Kak H NpH UpsAMoli MPOMBIBK ua cKopocta I hg = 1,3 M Bog. cT.; Ha _cKopoctH II hg = 2,7; Ha cxopoctu II] hg = 6,2 u Ha cKopoctn IV hg = 13 M Bog. cr. 6. Jlasnenne Ha BbIKMAe Hacoca, ompexetsemoe mo dopmyse (X.5), mpu pa6ore: Ha net I Pur =a5r a 108-9,81 (3,4 + 75,6 + 67,5 +- 1,3) = 1,45 MITa; Ha oe II Paty = qpr 10°-9,81 (7,2 + 160-+71 + 2,7) = 2,36 MMA; Ha ne Il Pain = a 10°. 9,81 (16,8 + 371 + 73,5 + 6,2) = 4,58 MIa; Ha oe Iv Pu = For a 10°. 9,81 (35 + 778 + 75,4 + 13) = 8,83 MIa. 7. Jlapnenve Ha saGoe cKBayKWHBI BbIYHCIM To cbopmy.te (X.6) mpu pa6orte: Ha fai I Par = jar 10°-9,81 (2000 +. 75,6 + 67,5) = 2)" MTa; ua ckopoctu II Ps = Ge 10°-9,81 (2000 + 160 + 71) = 21,9 MTTa; 200xa ckopoctu IIT Pain = pe 10*-9,81 (2000 + 371 + 73,5) = 24 MMa; na ckopocta IV Paw = a 10°.9,81 (2000 +778 + 75,4) = 28 MIMa. 8. MoutHocTh, HeOOxo_MMy!0 IIA MpOMbIBKH NecuaHo mpo6Ku, ompegetum to copmyvie (X.7): np cKopocta I 1,45-108-3,16-10-8 N= 10°-0,65 == 7,05 KBr; mpu cKopoctn IT 2,36-108-4,61-10-9 _ . N= ges = 16,8 KBr; mpx cxopoctu III 7. 4,58-109-7,01-10-9 7 N= 08 49,4 KBr; npa cKxopocta IV N= 8,83-10°.10,15-10-8 _ 138 KBr, 108-0,65 Pa6ota na IV ckopocTu HeBosMoxHa. 9. Ucnoap3opaHve MaKCHMasIbHOM MOU[HOCTH MpOMbIBOUHOTO arpe- rata ompegzetum mo dopmyve (X.8): mpu cKxopoctu I P08 Haan K = —7g- 100 =6,4%, mpx cxopoctn II 16,8 Pot : = F797 100 = 15,3%; npu cKxopocta III 49,4 K = 79-100 = 44,8%. 10. Cxopocts noybema pa3MbITOrO MecKa OMpefetuM M0 cpopmysie (X.9) np pa6ote arperata: Ha cKopoctu I t= 1,048 — 0,095 = 0,953 m/c; Ha ckopoctu IT Un = 1,52 — 0,095 = 1,425 m/c; 201na cKxopoctu III 0, = 2,32 — 0,095 = 2,295 m/e. ‘ 11. MpogonxutembHocth noybeMa pasMbIToro MecKa m0 dopmyuie te ckopoctn I t = 2000/0,953 = 2100 c= 35 mun; mpu cKxopoctu IT t = 2000/1,425 = 1404 c= 23,4 mun; mpu cKxopoctn III t = 2000/2,225 = 757 c= 12,6 mun 12 PasmpiBaioutylo CHy CTpyH 2KHAKOCTH OnpegenuM no Popmyse (X.11), B Kotopyio BMecto f, nogcrasum f = 135 cm? — naomanp nlonepesHoro ceveHHa CTPyH %KHAKOCTH, HarHeTaemol B CKBaXKHHY lO KOJIbIeBOMY NpocTpaHcTBy: mpu cKopoctu I 3,162 : P = 2-10° =37-- = 0,08 «Ila, npu cKxopoctn IT 4,612 P= 2-10? -e = 0,18 «Ma, npu cKopoctn III 7p,12 P= 2.10? Pie = 0,41 xTla, Iipamaa npombiska HedThio Tlpompipounad 2kHIKOCTh — Heth ¢ KHHeMaTHUeCKOl BASKOCTHIO v = 0,4 1074 w/c w maorHocthio p = 890 Kr/M’. 1, Tlotepu qaBnenus va ruxpaBruueckne conpoTHBseHus B 73-MM TpyOax. Onpegzenum napametp PeiitHonbaca mp paGore va cxopoctn I, paBrot 1,048 m/c. Re = o,d/v = 1,048 -0,062/0,4 107 = 1630. Tlapametpst Pefinombaca mpu ApyrHx cKopocTsAx TeyeHHA paBHbI 2360, 3600 u 5210, Buguo, uro npu cKopocrax | u II pexum TeveHuA naMunapubiii, a pu OcTambHLix — TypOyreHTHEIH. Onpexenum Koabpunnentb Tpenus mpu paGore: Ha cxopoctu I 4, = 64/Re = 64/1630 = 0,0393, 202na cKopoctn II ConpoTHBneHus B MObeMHHIX TpyOax Np paGoTe Ha cKopoctn I onpegenum mo cbopmyne (X.1) 2000 1,048? fy = 0,0393 2 Se = 70,1 M Bog, cr. Tas octanpublx cKopocteii aHamornuno uMeem 103, 365 u 696 m BOA. CT. 2. ConporupneHua Mp ABHXKeHMH CMecH 2KHAKOCTH C meCKOM B KOJIbICBOM MpocTpancTse. Tlapametp Pefitonpaca npn cKopoctu I Re; =v, (D — d,)/v = 0,276 (0,15 — 0,073)/0,4- 10"! = 532. TIp aamMHHapHom pexkume A = 64/Re; = 64/532 = 0,12. Ipu cxopoctax v,, paBupix 0,399, 0,61 u 0,88 m/c (aamuHapHblit Remeune TeeHna), uMeeM 3Ha¥eHua A cooTBeTcTBeHHO 0,083; 0,054 Beauunnet hy 10 popmyae (X.2) noxyunm npn pabote Ha cxopocTu I 2000, 0,276 - fag =1,2-0,12 sag pore Doar — 14,5 M Bon. er. Ha ocraabublx ckopoctax aHaslorH4no noay4uM 21; 31,9 1 46 M Bog. crt. 3. Tlorep Hanopa na ypaBHoBemMBanve cTom60B 2KHAKOCTH pas- HOM MIOTHOCTH B NPOMbIBOYHDIX TpyOax HM B KOJbUeEBOM MpocTpaHcTBe onmpegeasem no @opmyue (X.3) npw paOote Ha cKopocrn I (1 —0,8) 177-12 7 2600 95 gy = CT | ao (I ~ar) i 1] = 10,2 mM Bog. cr. TIpu cxopoctax II, II] u 1V 9TH notepu coorsetcTBeHHO paBHbt 13,5; 16,2 u 17,8 m Bog. cr. 4. Tlorepn nanopa B ulmaure hy 4 Beptaore h, IpHMeM TaKUMH Xe, Kak H Mp IpoMblpKe BOZOH, a HMeHHO: 4,7; 10,4; 22 u 31 M Bog. ct. 5. Morepu gapnenua a ruzpaBanuecKne conpoTHBienua B 73-MM HarHeraterbuoli uuu (1, = 40 M) oT Hacoca Jo mimanra naiiqem 10 opmyste (X.1) mpu pa6ote Ha cKopocta I 203401,048 no = 9.0373 Ser “E-9,8T 2-9,81 = 1,35 M BOM. cT. Zins octambubix ckopocteH coorseTcTBeHHO noxyuum 2,1; 7,3 wu 14 M Bog. ct. 6. Tapnenwe Ha Bbikuge Hacoca mo dopmyse (X 5) npu paGoTe Ha ckopocTH 7 Pat ar 10*-9,81 (70,1 + 14,5 + 10,2 44,7 + 13,5) = = 0,99 MITa. TIpn apyrux cKopoctax ananornuno nonyunm 1,47; 4,33 u 7,89 MITa. 7. Tlasnenue Ha 3a60e cKBaxKHHbI ONpesenuM no dopmyse (X 6) © YNETOM OTHOCHTEIbHO! MIOTHOCTH NPOMEIBOUHOL %KUAKOCTH (HETH) (On = aed mp pa6ote Ha cKopoctu | Por = i 10?- 9,81 (2000-0,89 |} 14,5 + 10,2) = 17,7 Mia Tipu pa6ote Ha OcTambHHIx cKopocTAXx sa6oiinble aBeHHA COOT- BeTcTBeHHO paBHbl 17,82; 17,93 n 18,0 MITa. 8. Heo6xoqumaa MOULKOCTh ABHrateti mo dopmyse (X.7) npu pa6ote Ha cKopoctu I Ny = 0,99- 10°-3,16-1079/10°.0,65 = 4,81 KBr MouHoctTu, 3aTpavuBaeMble MpH OCTAbHbIX CKOPOCTAX, COOTBET- cTBeHHO paBHbl 10,4; 46,7 u 123,4 KBr. Caeqopatenbuo, pabota Ha cxopoctu IV HeBpo3sMoxKHa. 9. Kosqxpuunent ucnomb30BaHHA MA@KCHMabHOH MOLLHOCTH Ipo- MbIBOUHOrO arperata onpesenum no copmyvie (X 8) mpa paGote na exopoctu I 4,81 = = gy Ky i10 100 = 4,4%. Tipu paote Ha cxopoctax II w II] coorsercrsenno umeem 9,45% n 42,4% OGparHas npombiBka Herb 1. Tlotepu Hanopa ua ruzpaBauueckHe CONMpoTHBAeHHA B KOMbILe- BOM MpocTpaHcTBe Onpeyenum to dopmysie (X.12) mpH paGote Ha CKO- poctu I 2000 0,276 Ayy == 0,12 O15 — 0,073 -3-9,81 = 12,1 m Bog, cr. Anianoruuno npu paGote na cxopoctsx II, IIIf 1 IV noayanM no- TepH Hallopa COOTBETCTBEHHO paBHBIMH 17,5; 26,6 u 38,7 M BOA. CT. 2042. Tlorepu wanopa wa rHApaBanyeckne conpoTuBnenua npH ABH- }KCHHH CMeCH ACHAKOCTH C MecKoM B 73-MM Tpy6ax onpesesuM no cpop- mye (X.13) mpx pabore na cKopoctu I 2000 1,048? 0062 FORT Tipa octaibubix ckopoctax noTepw Hafopa COOTBeTCTBeEHHO paBHbl 123, 437 u 833 M Bog. cr. 3. Tlorepu Hanopa Ha ypaBHOBelMBaHNe pasHOCTH MVIOTHOCTeH *KUAKOCTeH B MPOMBIBOYHDIX Tpy6axX HB KOJIbUeBOM MpocTpaHcTBe onpesensnem 0 copmyste (X.3) npu paGote na cKopoctu I (1 = 0,3) 177-12 [ 2600 95 hay = 30,2 «L890 048 8 fg = 1,2-0,0393 —— == 85,2 M Bou. cT 1] == 81M Bo. cr. TIpu cnopocrax II, I] 1 IV atx notepn coorsetctnenno 6yzyT papupl 85,2, 89 u 91 Mm Bog. cr. 4, Tugapapanueckne notepu faBleHHa B UWaHre M BepTyiore HHU- TOXKHO MaJIbI, NOITOMy HMH MpeHeGperaem. 5. Tlotepu xapnenusa wa rujpaBinueckHe CONpOTHBeHHA B Ha- THeTaTeMbHOH HHHM aHaOrHYHb! TOTepAM TPH MpAMOi MpOMbIBKe, a umenno 1,35, 2,1; 7,3 1 14 mM Bog. cr. 6, Jlapnenve na BblkHye Hacoca onpegetum no dopmyse (X.5) npa — ua cKopoctn I Pu = 458" i 10%-9,81 (12,1 +- 85,2 + 81 + 1,35) = 1,76 MMTa. TIpu Apyrux ckopocTax LaBleHve Ha BbIKH Ae PaBHO COOTBETCTBEHHO 2,24; 5,48 u 9,57 MIla. 7. Tlapnenne Ha 3a60e CKBaxKHHbI BLIMHCAUM 10 dopmysie (X 6) npu i Ha cKopocTs I Pst - iz 10-9,81 (2000- 0,89 -}- 85,2-++ 81) = 19,1 MIa. Tipu octasbHbIx cKOpocTAX JaBseHHA COOTBeTCTBeEHHO paBHbl 19,5; 22,6 1 26,5 MIla. 8. HeoOxogumyto MOUlHOCTh ABHraTelA OnpesenHM no opMyae (X.7) npu pa6ote wa cKxopocta I 1,75-10° 3,16-10-% Ny= Tor ae = 8,56 Br. Tlpu cxopocrax II, II1 u IV MomHoctu coorseTcTBeHHO paBHbl 15,9; 59,1 4 149,5 «Br, Cuegozatesb Ho, Ha ckopoctu IV pa6ora HeBo3smoxKHa. 9. Hcnompsopaine MakcHMambHOi MOLLAOCTH IpoMbIBOUHOrO arpe- Tata onpegenum no dopmyvie (X.8) mpu ckopoctu I K, = 558 100=7,8%. 205Ta6auuaX7 Coome paciernue annie, nomyenne npH npsMoi # ofparHol mpomtunKax mecvaNof npobiKK — men = = mm te >= (sfe—=ls)"[=/[o]e]" Aansense ua sunazeuacos, na | 0795 | 162 | 364 | eso | sar | 498 | 14s | 206 | 458 snl sas Alapaenne ua 3a60e ckpaxnunt, MITa 19,7, 19,8, 19,9 | 17,7 | 17,82] 17,93} 21,0 | 21,9 | 24,0 | 19,1 | 19,5 | 22,6 Mowiscr, seotionmias xia opo-| a7 | ans | a2 | ast | 104 | 457 | 205 | 168 | ea | as | 59 | so. Stn acevo apo, a8 pal coco garped ta, % Mposoasimensioen somone pas 198 | uo | oe | — | — | — | a5 fasafie} —] -] - son aps nt Pennas cuss nym xtsr| ost | ore | rae | — | — | — | 00s | ots | oa} — | — | — ott | Mpumeseuwe 1,10, IM —ckopoers npowssun,TaGauuaX8 Texnaveckas xapakrepuerika arperara ASHHMALI-32M Tlogaya xacoca copocrs rane aye Money 88 dite aesea. Ma ‘she I 40,8 3,16 15,8 i 64,5 461 10,0 Ml 106,0 Tot 60 Iv 164,0 10,15 39 Tipu cxopocrax II u III coorserctsenno umeem 14,4 u 53,7%, PacueTHble Jauble, Momyyenuble MpH NMpsAMol u oOparHolt mpo- MBIBKaX, MOMelleHb! B TAG. X.7. Kak suguo 43 ta6a. X.7, o6parHad mpompipka TpeGyer Oosee BbI- COKOTO JaBeHHA Ha BbIKHJe Hacoca, cosqaeT Gonbulee 3a6olinoe Ja- BACHHE, B HCCKOMbKO pas YCKOPACT BbIHOC pasMbITOH necuaHol MpoOKH, TIpompiska wedtbio Tpe6yeT Goree BEICOKOrO JaBAeHHA, YeM Mpo- MbIBKa BoJOl. Ee culelyeT MpHMeHATb, ecaH NecYanad npoOKa Haxo- AHTCA HHKE 6OamMmaka SKCIMY aTalnOHHolt KOJOHHEI, YTO YMeHbiWlaeT BpeAHble MOCHEACTBHA NOPMOWeHHA MacCTOM TIPOMBIBOUHOIL KHAKOCTH. Tlockompxy ckopocts IV arperata A3MHMAILL-35 ucnomp30Bate HeBOSMOXHO, DUA MOBLILEHHA SdCKTHBHOCTH MPOMBIBKH MpM HaJH- UHH TecuaHbIx npo6oK Gombulo MOMIHOCTH cAe_yeT MpUMeHAT Sosee Moumibie arperatst ASMHMAIII-32M (taba. X.8). Tlpupegenuble moKa3aTen MOryT HeCKOABKO OTKAOHATECA B OGe CTOPOHLI, Tak KaK OHH COOTBeTCTBYOT CpeqHHM ycNOBuaM paOoTt (cpequaa wwepoxoBatTocts Tpy6, cpequaa MopucTocTs MH MAOTHOCTS mpo6ku). Tak Kak pa3MpiBaiollas CHa Crpy *%HAKOCTH MpH O6parHoit MPOMLIBKe OUCH HU3KaA, e€ MPHMeHsSIOT B KOMOMHAaILMH c MpAMOl TIpOMbIBKOH. 2, PACYET 4YMCTKM MECYAHOM MPOBKH BOJOBO3YWIHOH CMECbIO Tipu uncrKe necuanttx npo6oK BOLOBOSsAyUINO! cMecbIo BeweACTBHe a3palluH yMeHbulaloTca 3a6oliHoe AaBNeHHe H OObeM 2KUAKOCTU, YXO- Ase B maact. Ha | M® Boxbl Mp YHCTKe NecyaHow MpoOKH aspupo- BaHHOH %KMAKOCTHIO C ZOOaBKOH IIAB Heo6xogumo 15—50 m® posyyxa. Pexomenyetces NpHMeHATS CHeLyiOULy!O cTereHb aspalHH: mpH qh1a- CTOBOM WaBAeHHH, paBHoM 60—40% rugpoctaTuyeckoro, cTeneHb aspainn cocrapaseT 15—20%; npH MilacTOBOM JaBneHHH, JocTuraio- Mem 40—25% rugpocraruueckoro, creleHb aspaluu papua 20—30% H pH mM1acToBoM JaBnenun OOO 25—15% rugpoctatuyecKoro cTe- Neb aspauun coctapaseT 40—50%. 207B xavectse TIAB Moxuo npumenatp nonorenubic TAB (cyanda- HOT, cyabponaTpuebble comm H AP.) H HeMonorenHpre TIAB (OTT-10, OM-7, Y@2, 1 ap.). Konuyectso IIAB MoxeT Kome6atpca oT 0,05 RO 2% oT OGbema BOL. Heo6xoAiMo MpHMeHATb cHegyIOUlHe COOTHOMIeHHA BOAb! H BO Ayxa: 1: 22; 1: 26u1 : 33. [pu Gombmoi mompoctu necuanol npobKn MPOMBIBKY MOXHO HaWHHAaTb c coorHomenua | : 22 uw Aanee No Mepe YMeHbICHHA MpoOKH MepexoquTp Ha | : 26 u 3atem Ha | : 33, ay i Ga/g =10— 2] Ip Puce. X 1. Homorpamma qa onpexesenua Rabnenust Y | Cammaka Noxemusix Tpy6 tof \25 np ancrxe necuatioit mpo6- Kit BoxoBOSAyUIHOH cMeCHIO s=45,0 S 25 +-—/0,0 100 KMa =| 15,0 Pans Mila Tas aspaiun xHAKOCTH MpuMeHsoT aspatop Tuna Tpy6a B Tpy6e (HapyHast Tpy6a c D = 102 mM, Buytpenuaa c d = 48 MM), mpH STOM BOJa C PacTBOpPeHHbIM TIAB Mo_aeTCA HacOCOM B KOJIbILO, a BO3- aAyx —B 48-m tpy6y. Uncno orpepctni B 48-mMM Tpy6e n = = 10°Q/0,122, rae Q — KonnuectBo Bosayxa, M°/cyT; 0,122 — npo- nyckHaa croco6xocTb ognoro oTsepcTus c d = 1,8 mM, M°/cyT; p — Rabaewne Ha Kommpeccope y cKBaxuubt, Ta. Z[na KOUTpoNsA 3a NOrMOWeHHeM 2kAAKOCTH (BOALI) TpeGyeTcA onpe- Leith JaBnenue y Gawimaka Nogbemubix Tpy6, KOTOpoe paBHO sa60HHOMy 2aBeHHIO MpH ciycKe Tpy6 AO BepXHUX OTBepcTHi pusb- ‘Tpa. Sadaua 91. Tipopecth yHerky mecuanoH mpo6ku npH caexyioulHx AaHHBIX: AHaMeTp akKcHyaTaMOHHO KonoHHbt D = 168 MM; AKa- 208 +—i2,5 [sMeTp ToqbemHBIX Tpy6 d = 73 MM; ANMHAa MORBeMHBIX Tpy6 L = 1000 m; pacxog Boaqyxa gq. = 6000 m%/cyt; pacxox Boge g = 200 m*/cyr. B uerax o6nerdennsa 1 ycKO- peHHs| pacueTa BocHomD3yemca HOMOrpaMMOli Aya onpesenennA wapnenun y GalliMaka TOAbeMUBIX — 59 tpy6 (pac. X.1) 1. Ipu mocrpoe- HHH STOH HOMOrpaMMbl MpunATo, YTO AOTHOCTh XKHAKON ashi = 790 (Bogpl) pasua 1000 xr/M* u a6co- JNOTHOe aBleHHe Ha BbIXOZe H3 KOJIbUEBOrO MpOCcTpakcTBa CKBa- 50 auHb! pasno 0,1 MIla. Benn- unnpt A nw a gaa 168-MM 9Kc- nlyaTalHOnHOH KONOHHDI H 73-MM 0 Z 10 15.7010 MYoy$ NOMbEMHLIX TpyO onpexenstoTcs a NO JOMOAHHTeIbHBIM TpabuKaM Pye, X.2, [pahux yan onpeenenua (puc. X.2, X.3) B 3aBHCHMOCTH BcnomoraTeabHoro napanetpa A B 3aBHCH- oT sHayennit g, ug. Jaa sToro MocTa or pacxona Bosqyxa Rot mpi TpeqwaputenbHO HaXoAsT oTHO- Tpy6ax c quametpama 168 4 73 wr menue g,/q = 6000/200=30, a TaxKxe snayenut A = 26 cm u a = 125 xIla. Ja onpegenenua Aapnenua y GawiMaka mpoBogquM 43 TouKH L BepTHKalb BBepXx AO TlepecewenHA C KPHBO q./q (Touxa Ana pwc. X.1). aKa Hanee us stoi Touxn npo- 54? 4S I “y= 0m ey BOJUM TOPH3OHTAIb BJIEBO HO HaiiqenHoro sHayeHua 200, A = 26 cm (touKa B), 32-2. 500. | TeM — BePTHKallb BHH3 20 suavenna a= 125 xIla | _ 500 (rouxa B) u, HaKonen, — TOpH3OHTaAb BIpaBo JO Me- Peceyenna c OcbIO OpAuHaT, 2 5 10 15 gq,teicmYoyr rye WH HaxogUuM faBAeHHe Y Gauimaka noAbeEMHBIX TPY6 pyc, x3, Tpahux ans onpegenenus seroMo- Poom = 4,7 MIla. raTebHOrO MapaeTpa a@ B 3aBKCHMOCTH OT TIpH MpomblBKe Mecua- pacxoza Boazyxa m Boxe MPH Tpy6ax c fua- HBIX Mpo6oxK BoAOBOsAyUIHOH MerpaMH 168 H 73 Mu CMecbio sa6oiiHoe AaBenne CHmKaeTen Gomee vem Ha 60%. Jlna yayumeHna ycnoBuit BytHoca Tecka Ha MopepXHOCTh Memecoo6pasHo NOGaBAATh K BOAOBOSLYUIHON CMecH [OBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHbIe BeLLecTBa. —__ A,om 200 [a 400 4 Hoorpannta K pacuery Boxonosayumiofi uucrkH necvaHEIx mpoGox /B. H. Aau- §ex0, H. A. Tyxacos, A. M. [upsepaau u ap.— AHX, 1964, Ne 10, c. 29—~ 2098. PACUET 4MCTKH MECYAHBIX MPOBOK FHAPOBYPOM Sadava 92. OnpexenuTs HeoGxoguMy!0 MOULHOCTD asuraredn u BpeMA Ha YHCTKY Nec4¥aHOl mpooKu rugpobypom [6]. Vcxoguiie fannbie: rnyOuna cKpaxkunel H = 1200 mM; qnametp SKCIyaTalMOHHOH KoNOHHE! D = 168 MM; MoulHOCTb MecuaHol MpoOKH Ah = 20 M; mamorHocts necuaHoi npo6ku p,= 2000 kr/m?; naoTHocts *HAKOCTH B CKBaxKHHE Py = 1000 Kr/M°. Unctka npo6Ku mpon3so- Qutca rugpo6ypom BI-100M c xucnonp30BaHHeM mNoxbeMHUKa JITILKM-80 Ha Kanate quamerpom d = 15,5 MM. ObbhexTHBuad MOULHOCTh ABHTAaTeMA ONpesenseTca moO dopmyne N= Pultiog, Dex/e, (X.14) rye P — uwaTaxKenne xogosoro Konya Kanata, H; v — cKopocts Ha- BMBKH KaHata Ha Gapa6an, w/c; Nog — oOmuit Mexanuueckuii K. Mm. 2. Mepeqaun oT ABHTaTeia JO Gapabana nebexKH (MpHHuMaeM Yo, = = 0,74). Tlogctapus 8 cpopmysty (X.14) sHauenne v = 1Dn/60, nonyuum N = PDn/19,1 00, (X.15) rae D — quamerp HaBMBKH Kanata Ha GapaGaH, M; n — uactoTa Bpa- menus OapaGana nebegxu (HaxogaT no Ta6a. X.9) Cnyck 4 noxbem ruzpo6ypa ocymlectBaneTca Hampamyto (6e3 Tane- BOH OCHACTKH), a NOSTOMY HaTAKCHHe KaHaTa P paBHO Becy MO,HH- Maemoro rpy3a Q, a CKOpOcTb HaBHBKH KaHaTa paBHa CKOpOCTH NOAb- ema _rugpobypa. Bec rpysa Q = ql +-G, rye g = 7,95H — pec | M cranbHoro KawaTa quametpom 15,5 mM; L = 1190 m — cpegusas rayOuna cnycka rugpobypa; G=G,+G:, 3necb Gy = 1960 H — sec rugpo6ypa; G, — Bec MecKa H 2KHZKO- CTH B rugpobype, H: Gz = (Vinh + Vix) B+ (X.16) Ta6auna X9 Texnmueckas xapakreperuka nonemmuka JITIIKM-80 Pnaeaaee Tarosoe yeunte | Cpeauan ckopoers = Gacrore mpemeuns | (npn derbids parse | | Halton kalara (om RONNHES 5) | Gapadana"t, oGhman | “ronnie wantra)y | pa aerupex 1 34 68,0 0,74 Ul 54 42,7 1,18 Hl 107 21,6 2134 Vv 170 13,6 3,72 210Yauteiwas, yTo pabounit o6pem xenonKH V,, = 0,033 Mm? 1 o6bem XKHAKOCTH B WHHAApe Hacoca V,, = 0,0045 m®, nony4nm no cbopmyae (X.16) Gy = (0,033.2 + 0,0045- 1) 108-9,81 = 691 H. Takum o6pasom, G = 1960 + 691 = 2,65. 10% H; Q=7,95-1190 + 2650 = 12,12-108 H. Tiwamerp HaBuBkH Kanata KomeOnetcn oT Dy, AO Drax, THC Dmax — M@KCMMaNbHbI AHaMeTp HaBHBKH KaHaTa MPH MOJHOCTbIO HOHATOM THApOGype (10 samepy Dyyax = 80 CM); Digg — MHHUMaNIb- HBT 2MaMeTp HaBHBKH KaHaTa M1pH NomoxKeHHH THApOOypa Ha sa6oe: 2 Bi am 1552-1191 Darin = Vi Diag, — OEE = Vf go? — HO ESE TSO 0,538 m, rae B — wupuna 6apabana (qnnna 6ouKn), pasHan 91 cM. Heo6xogumas Aa noybema rugpo6ypa ua cKopoctu TV moujnocTh Apuratens cocrapuT mo dopmyste (X.15) N = PDynf/19,1 los = 12120-0,538-170/19,1-0,74 = 78,4 KBr. TlockonpKy mogbemuux JITI1KM-80 weet momyocts 59 KBr (80 4, ¢.), uHcTKa NpoOKH rHg_poSypom Ha STOM NOALeMEUKe BOSMOXKHA TOMbKO Ha NepBLIX Tpex cKopoctax. TIpu Gompumux rayOunax cKBa- 2un calenyer lombsopaTbca Goee = MOMLIMH—aarperaTaMit AsHHMam-32M (cm. tTa6a. X.8). 4, PACYUET TIPOMbIBKH MECUAHOM MPOBKH CTPYAHbIM HACOCOM Sadava 93. PacueT mpoBecTH Ha OCHOBAHMM CAeAYOULNX AAaHHbIX: ray6una cKkBaxunbt H= 1000 mM; quameTp skcmyaTalHOHHO KONOHHBI D = 150 wm; momocts necuanol npo6xu h = 20 mM; pa3mpmBouHnoe Mpricnoco6sienve cocTouT M3 Tpex comet Auametpom § = 4 MM KaxK- Zoe; npombipounble TpyGLl cABOeHHbIe, pasmepom 60X48 MM. 7las npompiku npuMenutb npompiwounpiit arperar A3MHMau-35. Pasmbipatomlad cHsla CTPYH %JKOCTH Mpu 9TOM GyneT P= 2,04 a, Hew’, (X.17) Tye Q—nogaya arperata, a/c; f = 0,785-4°-8 = 38 mM? nan 0,38 cm? — nomagb HonepeyHoro ceveHUa CTPYH XKHAKOCTH, BBIXO- Asmet us conen; F = 177 cm* — naollagb BHyTpeHHero ceyeHua 150-mm xosonnet (cM. mpua. 3). 2iLTipu paGote npompBounoro arperata Ha paSHBIX CKOpOCTAX pas- MbIBaIOILad CHa CTpyH 2AKHAKOCTH paBHa To hopmyste (X.17): mpH ckopoctu I 3,162-9,81 P= 2,04 Sasi = 2,97 Hic’; mp4 cxopocru II 4,612-9,81 : P= 2,04 aeaaz = 6,33 Hyewts mpu cKxopoctn IIT a 7,012-9,81 __ P= 2,04 BOT = 14,7 Hyewe Takai cuaa oGecneunBaeT BEICOKYIO HHTeHCHBHOCTD pa3MbiBa Necka mpu m06oi nuoTHOCTH NecuaHo mpobKH. Bpema, 3atpayuBaemoe ua Npombipxy | M Necuaxoi npobKu, F fe ay HU Cea ze] (X.18) rae V = xD*h/4 = 0,785 0,15?-20 = 0,353 m* — o6bem necuanolt MpoOKH B KOJOHHe AuameTpoM 0,15 mM (nopucToctbIo npobKu npexe6pe- raeM, YTO BeeT K 3aBbILEHHIO 3aTpaT Bpemenu); f, = 3 MAH — BpeMa pasMpipa mpo6Ku MouyHocThio 7 M; f = 7 M— cpeqHaAA AMHa TpoMbl- BOUHOH Tpy6n; Q, = 0,75 a/e — KomMYecTBO %KHAKOCTH, OT6upaemoe M3 CKBaXHHBI crpylinbim Hacocom; Q,.,, = Q,/6 — KosMyecTBO necKa B 2XKHAKOCTH, OTOHPaeMoe cTpyliHbIM HacOcOM B eAHHHIy BpeMeHH (npx cpequei KonueHTpauin necKa B xHAKOCTH I : 5); Vv 0,353 - 1000-6 La? AQa.n 60-20-Qx Qn? U = Q/Q, — oTHocHTembHbI pacxog cTpyliuoro Hacoca, KoTopHIit 3aBHCMT OT COOTHOLIeHHA Nuoulazeit KaMePpbI CMCLUeCHHA H BEIXOAHOTO cevennsa comma; (3fecb Q, — KonuyectBo pa6oueit xugKoctu, a/c; sMMupHyeckH Haligeno U = 0,125F,/f — 0,05, rae Fy, — maomanp KaMepbI cmeulenus); f — niowlayp ceyenua cones; F,,, = 8,03 em? — TMoulatb ceveHHA UCHTPanbHOHt KOMOHHbI CABOCHHLIX TIPOMEIBOUHbIX Tpy6 pasmepom 60X48 MM; Fyon = 9,2 cm* — muloulaab CeueHHA KO.b- WeBOrO MpOCTPaHCTBa KOMIOHHbI CABOeHHBIX TpyO. 212Tlogctasne wnccoBbie sHaveHHa, ynpocTuM TpeTHH WieH BEIpAKeHHA (X.18) ; HY [Fert Front +0) (1p) FU) x HU [2 8,08 9,2 (1+ U) (14 Je si I. a WF 0) 76-10-60 a 29,5: 10™4HU (2,25 + U) =F UG (19) Tlogctapns B Bbipaenne (X.19) suauenve U = 0,125F,/f — 0,05 w YNpocTHE, noryuHM 29,5-10-4H (0.128 fe 0.08) (0125 +22) GRE eM (X.20) (01125 7 — 0,95) Qu Muuumanbuas nojaua crpyfnoro Hacoca, mpu KoTOpol ero pa6ota adbpextuBia, coctasrset Q, = 0,75 a/c. Iipuunman suayenue OcHoB- Horo reoMeTpHueckoro napametpa F,/f = 1,93, Haiiqem oTHOCHTeAD HbIt pacxoy, cTpylinoro Hacoca U = Qy/Q, = 0,125F,/f ~ 0,05 = 0,125-1,93 — 0,05 = 0,19. CneqoBateibHio, BpeMa Ha MpombBKy 1 M mecuanoli npo6KH co- cTaBuT no dopmyne (X.18) c yyetom (X.20) L77 , 3 Neve tT tT 44, 29,5:10"4- 1009 (0,125 1,93 — 0,05) (0,125+1,93 + 2,2) (0,125-1,93 + 0,95) 0,75 Tipw mpombske %xHAKO npobkH BropoH men stoi copmy.tE (t)/l = 3/7) seimagaer. 7laa npomppku 20 M necuanoit npoOku norpeOyetcs BpemenH T = 7-20 = 4,34.20 = 87 mun = 1 4 27 mun. Yeeruvenne noqain cTpyfnoro Hacoca (orGopa %HAKOCTH M3 CKBAa- %HHEI) B Tp pasa (oT Qy = 0,75 a/e po Qy = 2,25 a/c) coxpatur BPeMA YHCTKH MpOOKH B Cuefyloulee YC pas: == 4,36 MHH/M. = te nas Fey? 7 7 Fe 0,125 3,28 46,7 + 0,43 : _& (SP) FBP + TE 8G (F ) & | 0,125 (FY? + 3,2-Fe +.6,7-+ 0,307 (2 5 (F-) +82 + GT + 0.48, ) 0,125-1,93? + 3,2-1,93 + 6,7 + 2,95 +.0,43-0,75 (1,93 + 7,5) eae = "0,75" | 0,121,937 3,2-1,93 +67 , +0743 2,25 (1,93 + 7,6) 213Yeernuene OCHOBHOrO reOMeTpHuecKoro MapameTpa cTpyiinoro nacoca (F,//) IpH mocrosHHOM oTGope %XHAKOCTH 43 CKBaxKUHDI NpH- BOJUT, HaOOOpoT, K YBeMHYeHHIO 3aTpaT BpeMeHH Ha YHCTKY Mecua- Hol mpoOKu. Vis mpupeygenubix pacueTo BHAHO, YTO CHHAKEHMA 3aTpaT BpeMenn Ha YHCTKY necuanoii mpo6Ku cTpylitbiM HaCOCOM MOXKHO AOCTHTHYTh apyMa cnoco6amn: 1) yBeanuennem oT6opa 2KHAKOCTH H3 CKBa2KHHLI; 2) CHMKeHHeM 3HaveHHA OCHOBHOrO reoMeTpHYecKkoro MapameTpa ctpyiinoro nacoca (F,/f). ®axktopom, orpann4npaiouluM yBemuyeHue oTGopa KHAKOCTA 13 CKBAXHHBI TPH BLIGPANHOM AMAMeTpe NPOMLIBOUNLIX TpPyG, cay>KHT paGouee JaBeHHe Ha CHJIOBOM MpOMbIBOYHOM arperaTe. YMeHbUIeHHe OCHOBHOrO reoMeTpHuecKoro MapaMerpa cTpyiiHoro Hacoca noTpeGyeT GombmmHx pacxogoB paGoueli 2*XHAKOCTH, YTO MOxeT TaKxKe MpMBeCTH K pocty paGouero JaBAeHHA Ha Hacoce MpOMBIBOUKOTO arperata 3a CueT yBeEMMUEHHA PHAPABAWYeCKHX CONPOTHBEHH B po- MBIBOUNbIX Tpy6ax. SkensayaTauvoHHble Nokasatesu paorbl crpyiinoro Hacoca MOXKHO YAYULIMTh 3a CHET H3MeHeHHA pa6o4Hx pexXUMOB MpOMBIBKH Mecua- HOH mpoOKH, 4¥TO TpeOyeT MpHMeHeHHA Gonee MOMAHDIX arperatToB. STO MOSBOAWT YBeMMYHTb OTGOP 2%XUAKOCTH M COKPaTHTb 3aTpaTH Bpe- MeHH Ha paspyllewue M M3BIeYeHHe NpooKH. B HacTosillee Bpema y2Ke OCBOCHDI H BLINYCKAalOTCH MpOMbIBOTHDIe arperatst ASMHMAULI-32M, B KoTOpEIX HenoALayloTeN TpextulywKep- HbIe POPHSOHTAMbUble Hacocbl OLMHApHOrO JelictBuAa (cM. Ta6s. X.8). SatpaTbl BpeMeHH Ha JMKBHAalHIO Nec4anoi MpOOKH B CKBAarKHHe TIpH HOMOuM cTpyiiHoro Hacoca COCTOAT HX JBYX OCHOBHBIX YacTeii: 3aTpaT Ha CMYCK HM NOXbeM CABOCHHBIX MPOMBIBOUHEIX Tpy6 Hu 3aTpaT Ha MpombiBky mpoOKu. [lepBas cocTaBamoulast OCHOBHBIX 3aTpaT Bpe- MeHH 3aBHCHT OT pa3Mepa MpOMBIBOUHLIX Tpy6, ee MOXHO CHUSHTb, TMpuMeHad TpyObl Masloro AHaMeTpa. Tipu veroap30nanHn AH MpoMbIBKH MpobKkn cABoeHHDIX TpyO 60x 48 mM BMecTo Tpy6 73 X48 MM BBINTpHINIM BO BpeMeHy Ha CMyCKO- NOAbeMHbIe ONepal\HH COCTaBAT, MHH aT = (44) —1) + EG t) (X21) re 4, = 2,1 mau —spema Ha cmycK ognof cyBoennoi TpyOst 73X48 mm; tj = 1,7 Maw — Bpema Ha crycK ogHoli Tpy6bI 60 X48 MM; t, = 2,8 MHH — Bpema Ha Mogpem oguoii Tpy6s 73X48 MM; fh = = 2,3 MHH — BpeMs Ha TOgbeM O“NOH TpyGnt 60 X48 mM. Tlogcrapue uncmopple sHavenna, Hafizem Ar = 10009 (9,1 — 1,7) + 0 2,8 2,3) = = 128 mun =2 4 8 MuH. Takum o6pasom, mepexog Ha TpyObl MeHbilero AHaMeTpa cOKpa WlaeT SaTpaTii BpeMeHH Ha CIYCKO-iOAbeMHbIe ONlepalun Ha 24 8 MMH. 2145. PACHET KPENJIEHHA MPH3ABOAHOA 30HbI CKBA)KHH WEMEHTHBIM MH WEMEHTHO-NECYAHBIM PACTBOPOM Sadaua 94, Naa kpenaenna npvsa6oinol 30HbI CKBAKHHDI WeMeHT- HBbIM pacTBOpOM TpeSyeTca OnpeseMUTh KOAMMECTBO CyxOroO LeMeHTa, KONHYECTBO BON! WA SAaTBOPEHHA MeMeHTa HW MpofaBKH WeMenTHOTO pacTBopa B IWlacT, a TaKxKe NaBeHHe H BPeMA ero 3aKaNKU B MWIacT. Hcxoauple fawnple: Hapy:KHblii AMaMeTp 9KcIyaTalHOHHO! Ko- sonnst D, = 168 wm; rayOuna ckBaanuet H = 1620 m; rayOuna cnycka 3anuBounnix Tpy6 L = 1600 m; suyTpennuit AuameTp 3anuBo4u- Hpix Tpy6 d = 76 MM; aqxpeKTHBHad MoulHOcTb maacta h = 10 Mm; MJOTHOCTh CyXoro WeMeHTa p, = 3,15 Kr/M®; NAOTHOCTh BOAH Py = 1 Mr/m’. OGbem sakpemisemoi 30HbI V = 0,785 (Dx — Di,) hm, (X.22) rye D,— AvaMetTp 30HbI Kpelenns, 3aBncAMMii oT paguyca BO3- MOXKHOTO PaspYLIeEHHA MOposb!, M; m — ycAOBHaA MOpHcTocTs saKpe- NAXeMOH SOL, KOTOPaN 3aBHCHT OT TeMMa MOTMOMeNHA BOA Np IPOMBIBKe CKBaxKHULI H YCTbeBOrO LaBlenua. SHayennem D, saqaiores, HcXOAs H3 OcobeHHOCTeit O6pabaTHIBaeMoOi CKBaKHHEI, AIMTesbHOCTH ee npenmectsylomel SKcnayaTalun, KoMNYeCTBa BhINeceHHOrO NeckKa, MorsoTuteIbHO cnoco6xoctu vu Ap. puxumaem D, = 1 M. Yeaosuyio nopucrocTh o6L4HO NpHBHMatoT paBHoi 1 npH Temne normomjenna Boge 0,5 M'/MuH mpw OTCYTCTBHM JaBeHHA Ha ycTbe; m = 0,5 upu TOM 2Ke pacxose BOLI H RaBNenuu no 2 MITa. TIpu 6onee BbIcOKOM JaBneHMH Ha ycrbe CKBaxKHHLI H pacxoge Normoujaemoli Boxbt OOpa6oTKa Mpnsa6ohHOH SOHLI WeMeHTHbIM pac- TBOPOM He peKomenfyerca. TIpuMem japnenwe wa ycTbe papybim 1 MITa mpu mormomennn 0,5 a?/MuH BOgbI, YTO MPHMepHO cOOTBeTCTBYeT yCMOBHOH NopucTocTA m = 0,75. Haxogum o6bem 3aKpemisemoli 30HbI, KOTOPHI ONpezenAeT KOH YecTBO LeMCHTHOrO pacTBopa, No tbopmyme (X.22) V = 0,785 (1? — 0,168?)-10-0,75 = 5,7 m®. Tpuuumas Bogonementustit bakTop pasibim 0,5, onpegqetuM Maccy CyXoro IleMeHTa u3 Cilelywulero ypaBHenus: Vii 3» 9 Vida +e = Vi = VOu ps (X.23) Tae V,, — o6bem cyxoro uementa, m*; V — oGbem WemeHtHoro pac- TBOpAa, M*; Py,» — MIOTHOCTh WeMeHTHOrO pacTBopa, KOTOpPyio ompe- Aelnem mo cbopmye _ _ 30uPs 3-3,15-1 _ 3 >= De bpg 7 Bl +3ie b84 Mra. 215Haxogum Maccy cyxoro wemeHta mo opmy.ie (X.23) G, 5,7. 1,84-10" = 7,0 Mr. ' 2 ~z Ve. p YunTbwad BOsMOXHBIE MOTepH B Mpomecce WeMeHTaKa, KOMMYECTBO cyxoro lemeHta yBetvuuBawoT Ha 5—10%, T. e. Qu=7,0-+0,7=7,7 Mr. Koanuectso BOAbI JWI SATBOPEHHA WeMeHTa NpH BOROLeMeHTHOM axtope 0,5 Q, = Qu/2 = 7,7/2 = 3,85 Mr ian 3,85 v8. Koantectso pogbl, Heo6xoqumoe Isl Mpo_aBKH WeMeHTHOTO pac- TBopa B Tact: V_ = 0,785 [dL + D5 (H — L)] = = 0,785 [0,076?- 1600 -+ 0,15® (1620 — 1600)| = 7,6 m?, Saecb D, — BAYTPeHHHI AMaMeTD SKCIMYaTallHOHHOH KOMOHHBI, M. O6mee KomHYecTBO NOTpeOHOl BOAR cocTaBuT a= Qo + Vo = 3,85 47,6 = 11,45 N°. Tlapnenve mpoganKn weMeHTHOTO pacTBopa OpHeHTHpoBOUHO ompe- AeNAOT, HCXOAA M3 NOPMOTHTeNbHO! cnocoOHOCTH CKBaxKUHBI HM CTe- NeHH APeHHpOBaHHOCTH MpHsa6oinot sonEI. OOntyno AaBmeHue mpo- AaBku AH No_Gopa HacocHoro arperata uM ONpereneHMA ero MORAN TIPHHUMAlOT PaBHbIM YeTbIPeX- M MATHKPATHOMY AaBAeHuio Morsomle- HHH BObI Np TOM 2%e CKOpocTM HarHeTaHHa. TlpoxomkutenbHocts saKkaukn WeMeHTHOTO pacTBOpa B CKBaKHRY H MpogabKn ero B MacT t=V+V,)/4, re g — noyaya arperata, papHaa 14,8 yM%/c; t= (5,7 + 7,6) 108/14,8 = 900 c=15 mun. Badaxa 95. [aa Kpetinenua npusa6oiiHolt 30nbI cKBaxKMHBI WeMeHT- HO-MeCUaHbIM PacCTBOPOM PACCUHTAaTh HEOOXOAMMOe KOMHYECTBO CyxOrO HeMenTa H Mecka, a TAKKE KOAMYECTBO BOM AIA SATBOPeHHA NeMerTa M MposaBKH ero B Bact. Ucxoguvie jantble; Hapy2xiniit AHaMeTp oKcnayaTanMOHHolt KO- sonnnt D, = 141 mM; ray6nHa cxsaxunbt H = 1070 mM; ray6una enycka samMBountix Tpy6 L = 1050 mM; sekrusiad Moujocth naacta h= 10 M; BHyTpeninit guamerp sannpounnix tpy6 d = 62 mM; AvaMeTp 30ubi Kpentenua D, = 0,75 M; ycopHas NopHcTocTs 3aKpe- TneMOH 3OHBI Mm. TWIOTHOCTh cyxoro LemeHTa p, = 3,15 Mr/m’, MOTHOCTS TecKa p, = 2,65 Mr/m*. TIponece Kpenuenna npusa6oiinol sont Bexetca B cexyiouleM NOpAAKe: TOCMe MPOMbIBKH CKBaXKHHEI OT Necuanolt mpo6KA mpesBa- PHTeqbHO sakaunBalor B 3aHBouHEIe TpyGb 0,5 M° weMeHTHOTO pac- 216‘TBOpa, $aTeM 3aKa4HBaloT WeMeHTHO-MecuaHy!O CMeCb, KOTOpyio mpo- MaBauBaloT BORO; no ycTeveHuH 48 4 pa3s6ypuHBatoT emMeNTHO-nec- uanplit «craKany, O6bem wemMenTHO-necuaHol cMecH, HeOOXOMHMLIMi Jaa yKpensenna 3OHBI paspywieHua mopox, V = 0,785 (Dg — Di) hm + 0,785D;h = = 0,785 (0,75 — 0 141%) 10-1 + 0,785-0,125°-10 = 4,4 mi. 3uecb D, — BuyTpenuHit QuaMeTp 9kKcnyaTauHOHHOM KOMOHHBI. Tak Kak AA O6pa6oTKH CKBaXxKHNEI PeKOMeHAyeTCA MpHMeHATD cMecb WeMeHTa HM NecKa B cooTHOMIeHHH |: 3 mpH BOAOWeMeHTHOM 1 BowonecdaHom cbaktope 0,5, To norpeGHoe KOMUYecTBO cyxoro We- MeHTa MOXKHO ONpexeMHTs 0 opmysie V; Vahu + 2H + BV a05 + 2 Valu = BVP = Vu. mv (X.24) THE Py,» — MIOTHOCTb WeMeHTHO-Mec4aHolt cMecH. Macca cyxoro wementa u3 dopmyvbl (X.24) 1 Qu = Vary = GZ VPune (X.25) TlaoTnocth WeMeHTHO-necuaHoH cMecH Mp yKasaHHbIX BeCOBBIX COOTHOMeHHAX WeMeHTa H Mecka, BOXOWeMeHTHOM H BosorectaHoM cbakrope onpexenserca no dopmy.ie 2 6,3 2 ea Pn) Po Pun’ (X.26) orkyna See OPaPnPa eee lee 0b Pun = Bppo + ne -F 2papa 8-316 1 2,65-1-72-3,15-0,65 = 1,74 Mr/x3, Cnegosatenbuo, 0 dopmyse (X.25) cyxoro uementa notpe6yerca Qu = Vp x. n/6 = 4,4 1,74/6 = 1,28 Mr. C yuerom 10% Ha norepH Qu = 1,28 + 0,128 = 1,4 Mr. Tlonoauvtenbuoe KOJHYeCTBO CyXOrO LeMeHTa JJIA NPHrOTOBeHHA 0,5 m® wementHoro pacTBOpa NJOTHOCTHIO Py,» = 1,84 xr/m® Gy = % Pa pV = 1,84-0,5 = 0,61 Mr, O6ujee KomuYecTBO NoTpedHOTO WeMeHTa Qu p= QW + GW = 14 +0,61 = 2,01 Mr- Heo6xogumoe KOJIHYeCTBO NecKa COCTaBHT Q, = 3Qy = 3-1,4 = 4,2 Mr nan 4,2 7. 217Koanuectso BOX WIA 3aTBOpeHHA eMeHTHO-Nec¥anol ¢cMecH QS Oe a tim aaiw. Sf Kosmuectso Bomb! 114 mposaBKH weMeHTHO-NecuaHoro pacTBopa B IpHsa6oliHylo 80HY CKBAKHHbI ONPemeMAeTCA OGbEMOM 3aJIMBOIHEIX tpy6 V, = 0,7854°L = 0,785 -0,062?- 1050 = 3,16 m*. O6mee KonM4ecTBO NoTpe6HO BoAEI V.0== Qu + V, = 3,11 + 3,16 6,3 M8 Bpema, HeoOxoHMOe AIA 3aKa4KH B CKBAXKHHY H MpOMaBKH B MacT WeMeHTHOTO pacTBOpa, ONpesetsneTeA Tak xe, KaK H B MpesbILyuieit samaye. 6. PACHET KPEMJIEHH{§ MPH3ABOAHOM 30HDbI PEHOPOPMAJIDAErH HOH CMOJIOH 3adaua 96, Paccuutate Kperimenne nopog npusadoiivoli 30nBI hbenon- opManbzerngno cMonoi B ycnoBHAax 3a6oiiHOlt Temnepatypp T = 353 K. Vcxoanbie ganuble: rayOuna HWKHHX OTBepcTHit @usptpa Ly = 2250 M; Hapy2xKnbIii aHaMeTp 9kKcyaTanHonnof KonoHHE D,, 168 mm; ray6uHa craTHyeckoro yposua f,, = 1060 m; Koappu- UHeHT MOpHcTOcTH moporE upHsa6oiinol sonbI m = 0,4; accbexTHB- Has MOUHOCTb miacta A = 5 M; BHeMINMM RHaMeTp 3OHbI kKpenmeHHA D,=1 M; BHyTpeHHHi guamerp 3amuBouHEIxX Tpy6 d = 62 mM; AWHHA 3aJIHBOUHBIX Tpy6 KoNOHNDI L = 2230 mM. Tlocne mponeqenua nogroTopitenbHbix pa6oT (o4ncTKa 3a6os, 3aMep rvlyOuHb! 3a60M, cTaTHYecKOrO ypoOBHA H TeMMepatypb, ompe- Relenve NOPAOTHTeEAbHOM CMOCOGHOCTH CKBaKHHDI, MPOBepKa COCTOA- HHA 9KCIAYaTAaHOHHOH KOMOHHDI, CNYCK 3aMBOUHLIX TpyO c MakepoM M PepMeTH3auHA ycTbA) Npowecc O6paGoTKH COCTOHT B MOcMeAOBaTeIb- HOM BBINOJHEHHH calexyiomux omepannit: 1) Mpx HaqH4HH B CKBaKUHE BOLL B SaINBOUHY!O KOMOHHY HarHe- TawWT Herb WA BEITeCHEHHA H3 CKBaXKHHEI BOL 2) Bcneq 3a HetpTbiO B STH TpyObl 3akauHBaioT TpeGyembtli OGbeM CMOUIBI; 3) BbITeCHAIOT B ac M3 3aIHBOUHOH KOJOHHbI CMOsy COOTBeT- CTBYIONLHM O6bEMOM HedrH; cpOK NpoxaBKH B WacT CMON T1pH TeM- nepatype 3a6oa T = 353 K ne fomKen mpesntuatb 6 4; 4) mocne npogaBKH B M1acT CMO.1bI OCBOGO*K Lalor Makep H H3 CKBa- 2KHHbI TOHMMalOoT mpHMepHo 100 m 62-mm Tpy6, 5) 3akauHBalor B 3atHBOUNyW KOJOHHY 0,25 mM Bog, YTOObI CMBITD cO cTeHOK Tpy6 mvieHKy CMOVIBI; 6) Mam 3aTBepMeHHA CMOALI CKBAXKUNY OCTABAAIOT B COCTORHHH noKxos Ha 5 cyt (npn T = 353 K); 2187) Mo ucTexeHHH STOTO cpoKa saMepsloT ray6uHy 3a60a Hn ypo- BeHb XKWAKOCTH B CKBaXKKHE; 8) onpexersoT NOMIOTHTeEMbHYIO CNOCOGHOCTS CKBAXKUHNLI H OCBaH- BalOT €€ MeTOZOM MaBHOro sanycKa. IIpH 970M OT6op #KHAKOCTH B Nep- Bble NH OCBOCHUS CKBAKHHbI CHHKAaIOT Ha 20—30% oT cpenHero oT- Gopa 40 oGpa6orkn. Yepes 10—15 zHel pa6oTbl pexuM oTrkayKH ycu- JMBaIOT, NOCTeNeHHO AOBOAA eFO NO ycTaHoBAeHHOH HOpMbI OT6opa 2KHAKOCTH. Onpenerum o6bemHoe KOmMYeCTBO cMOMbI, KOTOpoe paBHO OObemy mopoBoro MpocTpancTBa 30ubI KpenieHusa V = 0,785 (Dz — Di) hm = 0,785 (1° — 0,168") 5 0,4 = 1,52 O6bem npoxaBounoh Her Halixem no cbopmyae Vu = 0,785 [a’ L 4+ D3 (Ly — L)] = 0,785 [0,062? 2230 + 0,15 (2250 — 2230)} = 7,07 mi’, rae D, = 0,15 M —BHyrpenunit quamerp 168-mM KomOHHEI Tpy6. EcJH B cKBaxuHe Mepeg ee O6pa6oTKoli BORD He GHLIO, TO OObeEM NpoxaBowiol uerH HaxXog‘AT ¢C yyeTOM MyGuHbI craTHdecKOrO ypoBHA Vy = 0,785 [4 (L — hex) + D3 (Ly — L)] = 0,785 (0,062? (2230 — 1060) +- 0,15%(2250 — 2230)] = 3,9 m®, Sadaxa 97. Paccuntath KpenstenHe nopoy npH3a6oiinoit sontt de- HONPOpMadbACrHAKOH cMOMO B ycaoBHAX 3a60iHOl TemnepatypbI T = 303 K. Vcxogupie Janie: rtyOvHa HWKHUX OTBepcTut durbtpa Ly = = 1010 m; aumua sanmpounnix tpy6 L = 1000 mM; Hapy>KHnili xHamerp skcmvlyaTaiHoHHow KomoHHE! D, = 168 mM; BuyTpeHHua zHameTp 3aqMBounDIx Tpy6 d = 62 MM; ralyOMHa craru4eckoro yposna hy, = = 400 mM, abextupHad MoulHocTh maacta h = 8 mM; KostbdpuunenT Nopucrocrn nopogH npusa6oinolt sonst m = 0,4; conepxkanue B T10- pode maacta yraeKHcoro Katbuna c= 6%; BHCWIHHM AHameTp 30HDI kpenrenua D, = | M, OTHOCHTebHaA MIOTHOCTD NecKa Npusabolinot 30HbI ~, = 2. Tipit unsKoli Temnepatype 11a 3aTBepzenud CMOmbI TpeGyeTcs 1WIH- Teabuoe Bpems (qo 30 cyt). B npucyTcTBHH coOmAHOl KUCHOTH H npH OTHOCHTeMbHO HH3KHX TeMMepaTypax CMOTa saTBepepaeT B Soule KOpOTKHe cpoKH. SarTpepseHHtO CMOJbI MpensAtcrByeT yruekucsbli KasbuMi, HaxO- Aauulica B mopoge, KOTOpHiii OKasbiBaeT Ha CMOJy HeliTpanuaylouee Aelicrsue. Tlosromy necku, coxepxKamive yruekucapiit Kanbunit (Kap- Sonar KanbuuA), HEOOXOAUMO Mpe_BapuTeNbHO OGpaboraTh comAHo kucnoToit. an sToro B 30Hy KpeneHHA cHayana 3aKayuBatoT 15%- bili pacTBop COAAHOM KUCAOTEI, a 3aTeM CMON, IpH4eM B CMOmy Hepex SakauKoi NobaBlaioT HeGombuloe KOmHYecTBO 15%-HOl cOnAHOL kucaorot. Tocne nposaBAuBanua HedTb¥o CMON! B NacT AIA YCKO- Penna saTBepxeHHA CMOMIbI B CKBaKHHY saKayuBaloT 20%-nyI0 conA- 219Hy! KHCHOTY, KOTOpyi0 mpoxapruBaior B maact BosoH. Tp stux YCNOBHAX cMO/a 3aTBEpyeBaeT B TeYeHHe [ByX CYTOK. Tipu o6pa6otke ckpaxkun c TemnepaTypol 3a601 HHxKe 330 K KpoMe onpeyemeHHa KOAMYeECTBa CMOMEI H MpozaBownolt x*KUKOCTH HeOOXOMUMO PaCCYHTaTh TaKKE KOMMYECTBO COMAHO KHCAOTHI B CO- OTBETCTBHH C ee HasHayeHHeM (AIA WO6aBKH K CMOVIe C esbIO pacTBO- PpeHus KapGoHaTos MB Ka4uecTBe KaTamHs3aTOpa). Konuyectao 15%-xof comanolt KucHOTH AA pacTBopeHuA yrue- KHCHOTO KasbuUA, COyepKawlerocd B Mopoxe, onpenerHM 10 dop- Mysie Vis = hep,/9,65 = 8-6-2/9,65~10 Sror pacrBop cONAHOM KUCHOTH 3aKAYMBaeTCA OTENbHEIMH NOp- uuamu B 6—12 npvemop vepes Kaxanie 30—60 mun. OcratToK KHCAOTH 13 3aMBOUNBIX Tpy6 H SKCIYaTalHOHNOl KO- JOHHEE NpoAaBAMBaeTCA B Tact JerKolt HepTbO B OObeME Vy = 0,785 [@°'L + D3 (Ly - L)) = == 0,785 (0,062?- 1000 + 0,15? (1010 — 1000)] == 3,19 m®. 0,15 m — suytpennui quamerp akenayaTanMonHolt 3yecb D, KONOHHDI. Yepes 10—16 4 nocae sakauKu 15%-Horo pacTBopa conAHO;l KHc- JOT B CKBAKHHY 3aKAYHBAIOT CMOMY, B KOTOPYyt0 10GaB.1s10T MaJTbIMH NOpLAAMH MPH NocTOAHHOM nepememmBannHn 15%-nyt0 commHyI KHC- sory B o6peme 30—50 a Ha | M® cMoul. Koanuecrso cmMoubl 20H O6paGoTKH CKBaKHHDI paBHo Ve = 0,785 (D2, — D2) hm = 0,785 (1° — 0,168") -8-0,4 Koauyectso 15%-Hoit conaHol KHCHOTH A AOGaBKH K cMore, mpHHumas 50 a wa | mM’, cocrapnr Vis = 50-2,44 = 122 1 = 0,129 Za mpotapanpanns cMosbi B mlacT moTpeGyetca uedrH Vic = 0,785 [d? (L — her) + Di (Lp — LL = == 0,785 (0,062? (1000 — 400) +- 0,15" (1010 — 1000)} = 1,98 ® CoasnHoit KucaoTe! 20%-HOH, KOTOpad CYT KaTaIH3aTOPOM NpH 3aCTbIBAHHH CMOJbI C TeMnepatypoit Huxe 330 K, GepyT BuBOe Gombule, eM CMO/bI Veg = 2V, = 22,44 = 4,88 mo. Ota KHCOTa 3aKaYHBaeTCA OTAeAbUbIMH NOpyMAMH B 3—4 npueMa wepes Kaagpie 30 MHH. Jaa npozapansanusa B naact 20%-HO ConAHOH KUCHOTH MOTpe- GyeTcA Bob! CTONBKO 2Ke, CKOADKO Hedbru npH nposasanBanun 15%- HO comaHoh KucaoTe (3,19 mt). 220 2,44 wm?Ha o6pa6orky Januoli cKBaxKUHEI NoTpeGyeTcaA creLyloujee KOH yecTBO TORAPHOM consHOl KUCAOTEI: _ Wist-Vis) 1075-15 | Vagel1-20 Cis ee ae z Ae __ (10 + 0,122)-1,075-15 4,88-1,1-20 Set HSEoPE EH OT-CHEEeSE CER EeePC ore re 2 = 27% —npouentnoe coxepxKanne HCl B ropapnoit consnoit xucsoTe; 1,075 —orxocutetbHaa nuoTHocth 15%-noro pacrBopa commHoH KUcHOTEI; 1,1 —To xe aa 20%-HOrO pacrBopa conanol KHCJOTEI. 7, PACHET HAPPY3KH HA NOJbEMHDIA KPIOK, OCHACTKH TAJIEBOH CHCTEMbI H PAIHOHAJIbHOTO HCHOJIb3OBAHH {1 MOUHOCTH MOAbEMHHKA 3adaia 98. Tpe6yerca onpeneauTb Bec rpy3a Ha KpIoKe, patHo- HaJIbHy!0 OCHACTKY TaleBOrO KaHaTa H PallHOHa/IbHOe HCMOb3OBaHHe moulocTH noxpemHuka AsMHMAII-43I1 (ra6a. X.10, npun. 16) MpH cieLyOuNxX ycOBUAX paGoTbI: ryGuHa WOAbeMa HacocHO-KOM- mpeccopxirx tpy6 L = 4000 m; guametp tpy6 d = 73 mm; Bec | Mm Tpy6 c BbICaKeHHBIMH KOHIaMH H Myramu g = 95,5 H; npu6auxKeHHBiit BeC NOMBUXKHOH YacTH TaseBO cHCTeMbI (KpIOK, 91eBaTOp HM TaveBnIlt 6nox) Q, = 5 KH; ganua onnoro Konena Tpy6 1 = 16 M; K. 0. a. TateBoli cHcTeMbI n, = 0,86. Bec rpy3a Ha xKpioxe Q==qLl -+-Q,=95,5-4000 + 5-108 = == 38,7-10° H. Uncao CIPyH OCHacTKH TaJleBoro KaHaTa MOKHO onpeleHTb NO BeAMYHHe YCHUA, PasBHBAcMOrO NOAbEMHUKOM Ha cKopocrn I K=Q/Pin, (X.27) rye Q — Bec rpysa a Kpioxe, H; P,; — taropoe ycuame nombeMHuKa Ha cxopocru I, Koropoe HaxogaT u3 Taba. X.10 (P,; = 73,5 KH). CueqopatetbHo, mo dopmyse (X.27) K = 38,7-109/73,5-108 x X 0,86 = 6,1. TaOauna X10 Texumueckan xapaxrepucruka nogvemuuxa AsHHMAUI-431 Taronoe yeusne Ckopoers Yactora npantenna | (apa serupespaanon | CPesiaa exopoct» oxnewiitka Gapabena i, oo/unn | "haworke, Kanata), | NaMoTIn wa, 6apa- KHL ait, T 35,0 73,5 0,88 I 58,3 44,5 1,46 ul 96,0 27,0 2142 Iv 159,0 16,3 4,00 221Tipnuumaem ocuactky 3X4 c Kpenaenuem «MepTBOrOy KONMA Tane- Boro KaHaTa B HMKHell YacTH NOAbemMHOrO coopyxexus, K = 6. PalHOHasbHOe HCHOMb3OBAaHHe MOMHOCTA NOALEMHUKa H yeKope- HHe Tpouecca NOAEMHLIX paboT AOCTHraeTCA NPaBHbNO OCHacTKOH TaneBol CHCTeMbI HM UCtOb30BaHHeM BCeX CKOpOCTeH MOMbeMHMKa, Tlpuustan ocuactka 3X4 AomkHa OGecieyHTb MOXbeEM HakOOMbUIero rpy3a Ha Kpioke Ha caMoit uN3KOiH (nepBoil) cKkOpocTH NOADeMHUKa, B xanpueiiuiem ckopoctb nokbeMa m0 Mepe yMeHbIeHMA Beca NoAHH- Maemoro rpy3a YBeTHYMBaeTCA MYTeM MepeKsOYeHHA TOAbeMHMKa Ha BICLIHe CKOPOCTH H B OTHEMbHbIX cAyYaAXx IyTeM MepeocnacTKH TavleBoro KaHaTa. Onpesenum uvc0 KONeH Tpy6, KoTOpHle cHexyeT MOAHHMaTS Ha Kako cKopocTH. ua cKopocru I z,=AAL_ B, uy rae — Kn _ 6.00.86 — OAR A= AUP P= ge 51g 135° 10° = 248; B= Qzy/ql = 5-10°/95,5-16 = 3,27. CueqopatenbHo, 2, = 248 SE — 3,27 = 244,73 ~ 2455 Ha cKopoctH IT ny 35 =n ™ a = AL — B= 248 — 3,27 = 145,53 ~ 146; Ha cKopocru III 24 = A B= 248 Se — 3,97 — 86,93 ~ 87; Ha cKopoctu IV ay AB B= 83 — 3,27 =51,23~51. O6iee unc1O KoneH B KoNOHHe Tpy6 z= L/t = 4000/16 = 250, 7laa paynoHastbHOrO HCHOsL30BaHHA Bcex cKOpocTei NOLbeEMHUKA HeEOOXONMMO TepeXOLHT Ha MOHHKeHHbIe CKOPOCTH NOAbeMa JMULb nocie BOCTHAKCHUA MaKCHMaAbHO RONYCTUMBIX Harpy30K mpH Gozee BBICOKHX CKOPOCTAX. Mcxoas 13 atoro, cilelyer mOqHuMaTb: Ha cKopocmm I 2, — %, = 250 — 146 = 104 Konena; 222wa cKopocra IT Zi) — 24) = 146 — 87,= 59 konen; Ha cKxopocra III Zu — Z1v = 87 — 51 = 36 Kosten; Ha cKopocru IV nogHuMator ocTambHble 51 KomeHO. 8. PACUET MAINMHHOTO BPEMEHH IPH NOJbEME HACOCHO- KOMMPECCOPHBIX TPYB Sadava 99. Paccuutarb MallMHHOe BpeMA Ha MOJ{beM HacocHo- KOMMpeccopHEIX Tpy6 TpakTopoM-nogBemuuKoM C-80 c seGexKoii JIT-IIKM, ecan guna onnol tpy6n 1 = 7 M; qua GouKH GapaGana 1, = 0,64 M; quamerp GouKn GapaGana d, = 0,345 M; AHaMeTp Tasie- Boro Kanata 6 = 0,022 mM; yuc0 cTpyH OcHacTKH TaseBoro KaHaTa i = 10; yacTora Bpalenua OapadaHa Ip pasHEIx cKopocTax, 06/MHH: ny = 34; ny = 54, yy = 107 Hw my = 170 Maumnnoe spemsa Ha Tloxbem Tpy6 M3 cKBaxKunDI onpegensetca no topmy.1e ty = lik/ad.yn, (X.28) rye d., —cpegunti auamMeTp GapaGana, M; & — Koadbumuent, yuu- ‘TEIBAION HL 3aMeJIeHHe CKOPOCTH NOxayH KptOKa IPH BKJIIOUCHHH HU TopMoxwKeHHH GapadaHa seGeqKH, HaxogaT no Tada. X.11. Jawa KaHaTa, HapHBaeMoro Ha 6ouKy OapadaHa i, = (E+ 0,5) i = (7 ++ 0,5) 10 = 75 uy, rae 0,5 M —sbicoTa mogbeMa TpyObl Hak YCTbeM CKBa:KHHBI. Uxncro BUTKOB TaeBoro KavaTa B O2HOM cJl0e _ tle 064 a 3 = Tor 1=28 BurKos, TaGauuna X11 Koodpuuxenr, yunrumatouyuit samegnenne noxayu xpioxa TPH BKAONeHAN H TOPMOKEHHH JeGEAKH Suaveune k, Korma cKnamnna oGopymonana Hacocasit Cxopocrs mTaHrorBiMn sileKTPo~ Tlogpemnuse ionbena norpy isis omven | cnycx | ZORsex, Tpaxtop-nompemnuk C-80 ¢ ve- | I, IL, TIT 1,2 - 15 Gexxoi JIT-11KM Vv 1,3 1,3 = 223tae c = | — yMenpuienne nena BHTKOB 13-34 HenoTHOH HaMorKH kKaHata. Zlvamerp 6ouku GapaGava c y¥eTOM HaBHBaeMbIX C/10eB KaHara onpeyensetcs m0 copmyse d=dg +8 + 1,875m, (X29) rae m= 1, 24 3. B arom cayyae 10 dopmysie (X.29) noayanm: npu m= 1 d, = 0,345 -++- 0,022 +- 1,87-0,022-1 = 0,408 m; np m= 2 dg = 0,345 + 0,022 + 1,87-0,022-2 == 0,449 M; mpi m= 3 dy = 0,345 + 0,022-}- 1,87-0,022-3 = 0,49 m. Flnuna Kanata B KaKOM ciloe Gapaaua: B nepBoM coe (Mm = 1) ‘ ber = 1d,a = 3,14-0,408-28 = 35,9 m5 BO BTOpOM cuoe (m = 2) Igo = tidy = 3,14-0,449-28 = 39,5 Mj OGuaa AuuHa HaBUTOrO KaHaTa B AByX cAOAX [, = 35,9 + 39,5 = 75,4 M. Ora wana coorsetctayeT HaliqenHol nomHOl AWHHe KaHaTa, Ha- BHBaeMOro Ha 6ouKy SapabaHa (75 M), a NOSTOMY YHcs10 pabounx cm0eB Kanata m = 2. Cpeaunii quametp 6o04KH Oapa6ana seGexKu dy = (dy + dy)/2 = (0,408 -+ 0,449)/2 = 0,429 m. HaxoyuM MauiHunoe BpeMa NOxbeMa Ha Karkgoii cKOpocTH se- Gexxu 0 dopmyme (X.28) cxopoctb I (ny, = ty = 7-10-1,2/3,14-0,429- 34 = 1,83 mun; eKopoctb II (n,; = 54) ty = 7-10-1,2/3,14-0,429-54 = 1,16 mun; exopocth IIT (m,.; = 107) ty = 7-10-1,2/3,14-0,429- 107 = 0,58 mun; , exopocth IV (my = 170) ty = 7-10-1,3/3,14-0,429-170 = 0,40 mun. 2249. PACUET TEXHHMYECKOFO HAPAZA HA MOX3EMHbIA PEMOHT CKBA)KHHbI; OBOPYJOBAHHOR TJIYBHHHbIM HACOCOM Badaua 100. PaccuvtaTh HOpMaTHBHOe BpeMA Ha NOAPOTOBUTeTBHO- 3aKMOUHTEIbHbIC, BCMOMOTaTeIbHbIe PaGOTb! H Ha CIYCKO-NOABeEMHBIe oflepauav MIpH cMeHe B CKBaxKUHEe TpyGnoro Hacoca [19]. Tun cranKa- kayak — CKH-5; run tpaxropa nogpemunka C-100 c ne6enKol — JIT-11KM; nogpemuoe coopyxkenue — Bpiuika 24 mM; ray6uHa nog- BeckH Hacoca 1350 m; Tpy6nt auaMerpom 89 mm — 193 wt; wranrn Auamerpom 22 mm — 169 wir. OcnacTka aaa Tpy6 2X3; ocHacTKa aaa_uiranr — Hanpsamylo; KaTeropuaA caoxuocTH pabor III. Pacuer pegem B caledyiouel nociexoBaTetbHocTH. 1. Tlepee3q, Tpaktopa-1o0jsemHuKka Ha pacctosuue 1,5 KM, HOpMa ppemenn 20 mun-1,5 = 30 mun. 2. O6iHe nogrotoBuTerbubie pa6oTLl mepek HayanoM pemoHTa CKBa@KHHLI, HOpMa Bpemeuu 54 Mun. 3. TlogrorosurerbHple paGorsi nepe MObeMOM HaCOCHBIX wuTaHT, HOopMa BpeMeHH 21 MHH. 4. Tlonpem 169 mranr auametpom 22 mm. Ha Kaxksoli cKopocTH meGeqKA MO%KHO NODHATb: ckopocrs I] — 66 urr.; cKopocrs HI— 21 wr. cxopocts IV — 26 ur; cxopocts V— 56 mr., COOTBETCTBEHHO NPOMOWKHTETBHOCTS MObeMa Ha KaxksOH cKOpocTH (10 HopMaM urTyyHoro BpeMeHH) GyxeT: 66 Mun; 19 Mun; 23 mun; 50 Mun. 158 ww. 5. Togroroputerbuble pa6orsl mepe mogbemMoM tpy6, HOpMa BpemenH 2] mun. 6. Tlogpem 193 Tpy6 guamerpom 89 mm. Ha Kaxgol cKopocTa AeGeAKH MOXKHO NOLWATD, NPHMeHsAs aBTOMaT: cKopocts Il — 90 wr.; cKopocts Il — 20 mr.; ckopocth IV — 25 ur. cKopocts V— 58 uit., COOTBETCTBEHHO MPOLO/MKUTEIbHOCTh MOAbeMa Ha KaxKLOH cKOpOCTH (m0 HOpMaM uITyyHoro BpemeHH) GyxeT: Wioro 457 mun. 7. 3axmiountenbubie padoTb! mocie nobeMa Tpy6, HOpMa Bpe- Meru 7 MHH. 2258. Tlogrotoputenbubie padoTst mepea cnyckom tTpy6, HOpMa Bpe- Men 15 mu. 9. Cnyck tpy6 —193 uIT., HOpMa BpeMeHH Ha Kaxkylo 2 Mun. 10. 3akmounTenbHble paGoTb! nocae cnycka Tpy6, HOpMa Bpe- men 14 mun. 11. Tloxrotoputerbupie paGoTs! neped cnyckom ulraHr, HopMa Bpemenw 19 MHH. 12. Cnyck Hacocubix wtanr — 169 urr., HopMa BpeMeHH Ha Kax- Byto 0,9 mun. 13. 3axatountenbHble paGoTE nocne cnycKka WTaHr, HOpMa Bpe- menH 31 MHH. 14, 3axmounTetpube pa6oTh nocaze OKOHYaHHA peMOHTa, HOpMa BpeMen 37 MH. 15. Yeraopka aBTOMaTa MO CBHHYHBAKHIO HW pasBUHYHBaHH0 Tpy6, HopMa Bpemeun 26 mun. 16. CuaTHe apromMata, HOpMa BpeMeHu 22 MuH. Bea pa6ota 6yaer BpinomHeHa 3a 1450 Mun nam 24 4 10 mun.XI. PACYETEI NOPUIHEBLIX HACOCOB, KOMMPECCOPOB H ®YHJIAMEHTOB 1. PACUET NOJAUH H MOMHOCTH MOPWHEBLIX HACOCOB 3ada1a 101 Onpexenuth nogayy nopmesoro Hacoca sBoliKOrO felictana. Jano: quametp wHauigApa Hacoca D = 0,185 mM; nuamerp wutoka d = 0,065 m; xog nopumma S = 0,4 M; uncno ABOMHBIX XOLOB B MHHyTy n = 65; qucHO WMAMHApoB Hacoca z= 2; Kosppunnenr nojayH Hacoca yy = 0,85. Teopetuyeckaa mofata Hacoca a (2D? — d?) Snz 3,14 -(2-0,1852 — 0,065) 0,4-65-2 = 0,044 m/c. @axruyeckan noxaya Hacoca Qy = Qenv = 0,044-0,85 = 0,0375 s/c. 3adaua 102. Onpexenuts MonyHocTs Ha Badly NopwHeBoro Hacoca, ecalH ero momaya Q = 0,04 m3/c; qaBaeHne HarHeTaHua p = 6,5 MITa; OTHOCHTeAbHAA MOTHOCTS KHAKOCTH p = 1; K. n. A. Hacoca y = 0,85. N = Qpp/ = 0,04-6,5- 10°. 1/0,85 = 306 KBr, 2. PACHET PABOTBI MOPUIHEBOTO KOMMPECCOPA H OMPEAEJIEHHE MOUHOCTH EO MPHBOJA 3adaxa 103, OnpexeauTh 3aTpaunBaemy! MOpUIHeBbIM KOMMpecco- pom paGoTy Ha cx&aTHe | Kr Bo3azyxa 20 p, = 0,5 MIla B ycaosnax H30TepMHYCCKOrO, aMaGaTHYeckOrO H MONHTPoMMYecKOrO cxKaTHA. Tlapnenue Beacbisanua p, = 0,1 MIa; remnepatypa Bo3zyxa MpH Bea- cpiBannuH Ty = 293 K. O6sem 1 Kr BosxyxXa B YCAOBMAX BcacHIBaHMA oMpesenuTcA U3 ypaspuenus Menneneepa — Kaaneipona PV, = 2mRT, (XL1) orkyga Vy= demieTai (X1.2) PL Tne z — KoapbHuMeHT cxKHMaeMOCTH BO3LyxXa, KOTOppI MpH py = = 0,1 Ma papen ~ 1; m—macca 1 xr Bosgyxa; R = 8,31 X x 108 Tix/(xr-K) — nocroannaa. 8 227Cuegqopatembuo, m0 cbopmywte (X1.2)j V, = 1-1-8,31- 108+ 293/108 = 24,35 mt’, J PaOora, 3aTpauuBaeMas Mp Hs0TepMHYecKOM cxKaTHH | Kr BOS- ayxa, Lys = 2,3pV1 ig Pt 2. 2,3. 108-24,35- Ig sue = 3,92-10° Jbx. Pa6ora, sarpasnpaewan mpu agvaGatHyeckom cxaTHA | Kr BO3- Ayxa (noka3aTeb agnabatet k = 1,41), irom (4) * —1]- 141-1 14t ‘ 5-105 Lar = 1 s0.nmll ie) — 1} 5-10. PaOota, 3aTpaywBaeMan npH noANTpoNMYecKOM cxKAaTHH | KP BoslyXa (nOKasaTenb noANTponbl m = 1,25), met revs [) Tica | ia 1,25-1 1,25 5-108 = paF Sy 10% 24,35 [ese ) = 1 = 4,87-10° Jbx. 3adaia 104. Onpexenut teopeTuyecky!0 MOUHOCTh OANOCTyNeH- WaTOrO HOpUIHeBOTO KOMMpeccopa NPH pasIWYBEIX YCMOBUAX CKATHA Bosnyxa. Jlano: noyaya Komnpeccopa V = 0,33 u%/c Bosayxa; AaBsle- HHe BeacbiBaHia p; = 0,1 MIla; naBaenne arneranna pp = 0,5 MIa; yAenbusii o6bem BOsLyXa B ycuoBHAX BcacbiBanna V; = 24, 35 w8/xr- os ot ua ckatHe 1 Kr BOsAyXa NPHNATL nO npemLigyulel sagaye Maccopas moqaya Kommpeccopa G=V/M, = 0,33/24,35 = 0,0135 Kr/c. Moutnoctp. mpi H30MeTPHYeCCKOM CKAaTHH Nuys = LusG = 3,92-10°-0,0135 = 53 KBr. MoutHocTb Mp aqHaGaTH4eCKOM CKATHH =1,,G = 5 10°-0,0135 = 67,5 KBr. Moumoctb pH NOowHTpoMH4YecKOM cAKATHH Nor = Lion = 1,87 10° 0,0135 = 65,7 KBr. 228 7