‘Paulus to hae ta ul eights ware aren bare he ‘romsed the tect (But he cnt wat) estes ata a ne+ auniliary f helping verbs Must be used with a main vert do not change form do not have an infinitive or participle are usually follawed by main verb in base form, ability offer permission possibility request COULD ability offer possibility request suggestion MAY permission possiblity request MIGHT possiblity request suggetion SHALL intention obligation offer suggestion SHOULD advice obligation offer suggestion prediction WILL intemton obligation request prediction WOULD possiblity request MUST certainty obigaton recommendation OUGHT TO | “égation probability DEL acuHow to Use Modal Verbs (Learn Modal Verbs with Example) pe /haaaeyecon) ‘Past Abit, Suggestion, “Future Possibility le ‘vezldna your ame pee? 2 peed i ihe ea on Ce en ‘ome: shat at 2 an eileer ‘ttingness, Certain Prediction fey Ley Ca 1 tt ee Yo, 2 wing Present ora como “he might athe ap a ‘ot What'sright correct ean “Le pate apy ba ‘eo Advice or Uncertain angle ‘resulta ain. 2: Mesh ger ca Request. invitation arte 2 Weld ea yrs pt 2 Maur pee ete?and semi-moval OUGHT TO americanenglish.state.gov | You should visit me more often. You shouldn't work so much. *You should have told me you'd be late to work. *He shouldn't have quit his job. * sometimes implies moral obligation * usually not used in the negative You ought to be nicer to your brother, * often implies some sort of consequence if action is not followed You'd better pay back the money you owe. *You had better not park your car illegally. She'd better not miss any more classes.MODAL VERBS: WILL & WOULD WILL Req uest informal Will you lend me your book? Refusal presenviuture (negative form) | won't do your work. Offer’ presenvfuture I'llwatch your children today. Conditional first conditional ifhe asks me, I'lthelp him. Future We will visit Spain next month. WOULD Request polie Would you study with me? Refusal past (negative form) She wouldn't help me yesterday. Offfer’ past (wouta’ + present perfect) [would have helped you. Conditional second conditional if | had more money, | would buy a car. third conditional If |had studied, | would have passed. Future in the past He said that he would help us move next week.present Advice past Obligation present Probability/ Expectation past SHOULD You should eat more vegetables. You shouldn't smoke. You gota 50 out of 100 on your exam. You should have studied more. (should have + past participle) You should send thank you notes to the friends who gave you presents. We should go to class every day. It's almost time for class. Our teacher should arrive soon. Aticket to New York shouldn't cost a lot. The drive should have taken 20 minutes. Why did it take you two hours to get here?Suggestion Conditional Possibility AMERICAN A EncusH americanenglish.state.gov © There's a lot of traffic today, so you might want to leave for work early. @ You might want to take a break. Ifthad studied more, I might have passed the exam. @ Iflenter the contest, | might win! @ If you ask her out, she might say yes. @ She might have missed class because she was sick. She wasn't feeling well last week. @ They might be on their way now. @ Itmight rain tomorrow.AMERICAN AB Enauisn americanenglish.state.gov Request May | have some water, please? (polite) May luse your book? ion May! smoke in here? Students may travel for free. Prohibition You may not smoke in my house. (no permission) You may not step on the grass. Itmay snow tomorrow. Poss lity He may have forgotten about the party. May the New Year bring you joy. Wish May the Force be with you!AMERICAN wMedalverbs) wit ENGLISH americanenglish.state.gov ature © | will be forty in March. © Will you call me when you get home? Request |. win you help me with my homework? Offer/ @ We'll pay for you. ingness_| ® "llgive youa ride home. Ref © She will not return his calls. (nega' @ My mom won'tlet me go to the party. Con nal ® If it rains, | will bring an umbrella. @ If Sue wins the race, she'll be happy.AMERICAN, Modal Verbs WOULD | ii americanenglish.stategov "NCS" second | @ If we hada car, we would drive to work. Conditional nr, third) © If he had gone to the party, he would have seen a lot of his friends. Request © Would you lend mea pen, please? (polite) © | would like more coffee, please. Offer © Would you like me to drive you home? (polite) © Would you care to join us for dinner? Future We thought we would arrive on time, the past but we were late. Habit © When | lived in the country, | would go the past for a walk in the woods every day.Jim coutd run fast when he was young. Icould play tennis when Iwas akid, You could try exercising more. * We could takea taxi, west Could | please have the check? Could you please giveme ahand? Could Itake the exam tomorrow? Could I take Friday off? He could have gotten lost. You could have called first.imericaneng .state.g Ability Jim can play the piano. (now) Can you speak Tagalog? Can | get you some coffee? Ican help you with that. Request Can you make me coffee? (informal) Can you give me a lift home? Permission CanIsmoke in here? (informal) Yes, you can smoke in here. . Winters can be very cold here. Possibility One can get lostin a newcity.