Scanned with CamScanner: ne ; Whot aye che geological Congideuations un +unnelaing ? * Expidin bsvefly Rocks may be byoadiy divided Unto dwo Kasegosies Sp sation co dunnetting: Congolfdosed ond UNCOHSOlidewed OF Gory Quound - Seb Ahanctesu dhat have wo cise beaning on 1 4unne) Boje Wit ihrer valmoy um all eos! Gm Hens wore ones * Consdlidated RockS >This quoup Snetwdes he Tmotive Jgneous ssedimeniasey aoe metamoasphie hocks dhox vou Often -fAOM MOYOT Mountain wLange and Sub- mountainous wiegiory » Mey dunneys Gn Makuntains boss GhuoUgh hear york - “Jonne! wdergins method oO ercavasi on ond Sabi ity 109 eas Snfiuencad by fououing govlogical Condition 4) Lthor 2) Geological SHuuctunw 3) Quounduoedex Condition » on 2) LAROIOGY> Tre Snfosmation sugasding mine@aliogcal Compositions textures 1and LdQuctUses oh e york: shiough which dhe dunne) U8 +o bossy w of igus Smbpostana un dedaing , i) The method Oh tyPNeding - 1) The stuength and ater of ining and tus Scanned with CamScannerini) Cost of the pueject : Hod ond cryyjstaline Rocks vse +he fovowsiites UHH che cunned enginees: ese vane eccavosed by using Conventionat soug blasting methodu (RBM) and ISO f by dumneting boving macnmes CTR) 9} surtable Huergh-© Th the blas#ng method, {ULL fcr Ov Conventent decion of tre foce & SEH A fos Closing VR do 10 be selecked Wepth usurp one Shooting keguenw ’ Holes of Paopen sae ANG ANgle ond (03 Psohex | Spadng ave asdiled by rockin Thess Katoaded | with puedetesanined quantities OF vanefuuy seleced explosive of RNowN Giuengi> - The loaded ox Chasiged holes ase Sgriteo OF Hdqgesed vOnd he < pue oatmated viocky wet Joasened iar 0 vusutt of the blag - | The blasting sround da Followed by 1a Mudhiing | podod sdusding vohich othe WOR ws led Out x | dha ercovatior so uated» [The ekcavaxons wun hoxd and cuystasting OCR saKe VeKY seth — Suppaating go -+hat uenere COW be Wott unUined and ney+ sound of Dusting uN +ne Neo focg ! w Und extaRens enausdng been radivano are bh al Scanned with CamScanner 4When sony one of dhese HOCRs Ws uwebed, Such Qs using foidting Oe frasuxet 10S cuusn dunneUng un cnese Wocks ius uesied puoven greatly Frozosdous RoR busts Uohich occu due do foufng OF big wock blocks f4om WOoFs oF Sider Due do Ureleare of Siti eares og fowing OF wd? bIOcR along Feocusier Mywody exining dn hese G00 Often CAE Maney vacadent - Soft Rocks This quoup dncwoer sholer, Pinole And Poosly Compaced sandstones, Chalk Ond poxrow Voatieties OF Wimestones rand dolomitiess Slade, and phyllites uit High degsee of Ueovage ond also AecoMpoged vauieties oF Sqreous woe » The excavator COs» VOlume fox Volume, rnigty be Youwen chan those UM houd Wocrs - Henog, um Moss ALI, HPCE WOCKY OHE NOt Seb Ruppodting pene stemborany 0nd pewmonems Wining becomes mecearasy etna Wourg Brae exdiea cosand Unvolve extwa dime. ROCRS Witho clays, sfaler, axgitowous tang Yeouugi NO ws Sandstone» gybum bands ond Kovexnow Limettoner hae ko be ewed hed vpreat wcouHon uoding ee canned with CamScanner | 2 wry aMany Clays, \uumble we do Swetting um the buesemce of Loader expecko.tty vohen cee ts 10 weleare Of LONffning buesuse fiom \adwound Shoe Such 1a Sttuation MOY WevelOP hen dhe} ase Repoced On the Sides Of 1a +uNNely 14 -the Bovenu ¢ ANd on +he sayches * Fissuned Rocky ~uor 10 wCosegpay Um +themgerue, and Sncdude any aye OF hased ord Wort wocR, uhad Nod been delpsmed ecronsivety due do Setordony ro ckusing VAS WO REBUY OF Lolgun Faulting rand Metamosphic change Of Sheauting oye: Tunnetitng dn such wocrs ds ‘olumys fozasdow | and very chotlenging yob for an emefinecs, - “The extent of ileposmation has tiv do be shosoughly Invest gored ‘and combschended - Excavatign “though such zones wy dunnel walignmente Would wequise dosige ~ Scale dimbening tor Providing emborasuy Lupport Ustich Gt +o be Lov owed by pesumanent Wining - “Tre fissuned Od ary VOuy often dhe ZONney WoheRe Guound WAH Would Also be ENCOUM+eued. Qomerimes cthe WL. W Ka UNdeX consid exant, hyduostasic head, Suyident enous do wash ous t doreroosuned - ween and seackinesea ako 4 Scanned with CamScanneroe Geological Steuctumes > The dagins Wapiity ond cow of SUNN) depend | Mot Only ON the Wok Bud algo orn dhe VwucHw Geveloped wn these wodw> Following Man dKucrULA fearuHes OF WOUas have | to be guiuy determined along ane Quoposed tunnel Souwre : 1) Dp and Sere ww) Fotaing ii) Fautting fand kheas zones W Toins Sysienu - i> Dip and gteike ® These Gwo quantitcuive puoperies GF Mody Wekexming, the wotitude of une Woors ond hen dnfivence — | the Weagin Gf GLcOVOHON JOO Qowat Here. “TRate genewal carer MAY be Condid eed » A Homzon+al Strata. Quci io situation wu SLOXL UM Kcusvane fox Yonger cunnety- Wren Cncounmesed fox smat| cunpely 03 fox Shox4 Wengihs OF Yong tunnes, hosigon 1Oepoo104 HOR Might be considesxed quite SOvourrabie , DN MOSLVE wocks thos tu, Uhen Sralvidy vLoyeses rose vou atic, Ond Hhe tunnel domes, Scanned with CamScannerOt Venny lasiges ne SFruation wy erpecianty LAVOUSLO LOLS because the sii ae Would Ghon Ovex lod ge gor &x cava ons by acring ar Harwal beome - Bus whendhe Layers ane shin os froctused, “they wannos be depended Upon vas bear - » Modewately : Inclined Strata | Quen la dhou wu Spring wed ONGIG UBrO S may be aaid wos eee Spotined -the cuNNed veivis May be sunning pouatle)d to the ip ITeckion G4 Unc ned dd bor Lp 1aNd Uda Re VAI eCH ON - Cc Steepiy Inelined Strata = 2m wock formation ralipping tat ongies wbove us®, quite comaticated StuaHong would udge yohen dhe dunnel ayy Ww basiatiel do dip of paxaUlel do SteARe ox §retined uO both warp ond duke idisection - OP valmoss vaseticas woe for &cample, Uhon tne dunnd tars & pouratlel vo ip rection , ne dosmos on stand ay dhe Sides iand on he Wook Of the dunnel A» Massive Wirdeu, AN vapparenty fovoussoble rae %} COusuy provided WU the Lommasiong vast Son Soundand Siting voNEN condidexed GnaividuOd ota Scanned with CamScannerUS Fotaing . Poids Signity bends 1Ond Muwaotus vOnd 1 lot OF Wiuain ONeMaY Lrored UM +he Wook» Reis dngiuence on wiexgin rand COMsHUNcHON ©f tunnel wa Mp fem ves UCass hirer angie: - Pissty, Fording of woos Gniuoducos CONSId stable Vawation rand ancesuai my un Sequence 3 Mocks So chat entirely UNEXPLGEd Work right be encountened along oH given WisecHion . This Situag}on becomes adped Sedow when folding W No+ watcognized Puopeney WN pyell mi ON Idetorled Buawere due often wo buy bang WOcaUzed © 4p PALIN sb setae on - Recondaty, folding of woot Sreerocuces Peattia, vioor bueauser- Sn vantfeainicod goig LAD Of WOU ids +e CyHwss levy FHONLeDK9 4 by voseh WACH on do a Brus SMetery ON ho Gbmbs which Moy, be nigrey Beainad | Trisdiy} > FOldLd Wocky sry Often bess Storehoures fox Wsuesion UDOer and sale 6 Faded war» vaquijeus Wher ntownteney "aisny Srunn aliing uneXbeSedhy, Thay WOW cHoabe Umoonlustiaidis UftwoHon + : Scanned with CamScannerii Fautting- Fours, vase wusoces valong uohfch WOU MoveMmens hos ocased UM We Poss» thoy Wu also porentiad aiwocee for Lususe moverred Of the BiorRs’ This Wekinitfon easy katings Qbow Shgsitl cames Ol Unmiaueckon Oh Four Plames, faxts zones ANC Aheax Zones Cott tne gunned w¥is Not ony Ghat, fawdss pry bung MOE OF ont At Feo0d eter to Come do Wie din comac wh each Ow | Ciolosddy,, Fouts zoner ind sheasx zone, vous higny Peumeabie zone, Uety vo fom €oay Avenues FO¥ guound wa bastage - Tcined fou planes vond sheax zones Oves, une Woot ond LO the Ride, SMUoduey AddiHonad COMPU CHHONE im Comput cai on % WOR Hessuy ON Une ONe hand And Oh rooIg Ateength on che Othe - Ly eins Systems - Joints Vso KHAORL OM Proc oe, Weneloped Un Hout ue too ee O caus, Although Ill tye Gf} Joinre Gend +9 chore Udit denis sherr pueronwe Ord Osentad1on hoy iitice Govemigored » JoMr$ Osx blanes WeaRNes and WY WWD be Surpesed Scanned with CamScannerUohen the woe aue folded and fourtted - 3- Gvound Watex Conditions » Berosminaion OF sQuounduxcer Conadton un the wagion of tunnel puojet Ws not uo ho oo vos ony Cons an aa yu oun dusk Wevet Vis-a&vig trume! jaws da ja MAID Lactoy Qovexriing COMPUcHONS Of OVELNeAd Uoads on unels and Valso Wn tne Chofee Ob method OF Gunnertfng- (Sound wasex conditions ebeece UNE umn) WHOCRS GM GUO WOO | Pisstlys shuyovgh LS phyio— cnemicas Acton, Ur eMOdes OPO Cowreder CaFarolven) tty Susceptible Congtituenth doom AMong No Mocks and UPenabs, VOSA theta Ovigin oy peopersties Constondey uit une baxrage of dime: rnighrt Pra Mbieady done much OL tris type of Job when the ctunneb ty excavated AHH OUgH Buch LOAkK—WR Rocky , Scanned with CamScannerlo. Secondly, a ofeus che vioek duength pasometen by Wis Hate wand lay ranic Wwasen Peaks - Such ian action as become fighiy uonoured When van iastesian acquifer Ws locualy Untencepted by dunnel evcavation: A Sudden Weare ©} pHerrue iM the iduuecHion of Excavation Could Cewate Wot idiarton for ubhe dunnetiing menfoik - LOhenever uunneds eMen dne Watwioted zonel o Chhective tdssalinage Byuem and ialgo auppoe, Syssorns howe i Plonned muweh in Kduang and exewted wrth \Breas bredaion and pockection- Wore Ww Wien Bo Nie dhe xCavaHon USN 10 force PUoPortional do uu hydrostatic Nead of +e Wwatex body - Watexrprooe ining oto be buovided toy the fuu dength - eatie SS dicot Scanned with CamScanner; congidewations wn Q2> Whos mau re Geaogion OT — * conskwaton of 10 ydom?P Explain phy 2 é A dorm MO} be vaenfned as 0 Solid baseaien congiuucied od 1a gutanle Yocaxion WCcvOss £ Ipoundi Pg | VO WUVOH volley with 10. view a WO Flowing Aig anos JUVE * wSelection of Sit@S > Tobo ically — Br WOUIA be | NaUHOWw GOs ge | HVA Emadl VAVeY Udith wnough eaHCnMens 1890 avoilapie beffng Rothas When 0 Garr w placed aw W would easy Qtore © COlULtosed Volume of ware dn he wuaremods Gwosed i) Lapareaam - “Ru should be possible Utthow Snvorvin 4 DaSticon WQHOOHNg Of popwasions VOM C{ WeHvaDe dang BAW HO GUEMENGENCR OF Lat Q exiasing Longue, Techni Col\y ~ @ “The Sie should be 1s Gound tor porslble s Georg Ampmeabe Ond storie’ © Gong wocks at the dite Maks. uno fob qf eh deaginex mudh cary; he Com Go evolve bead tag Scanned with CamScanner© Tmpenmeane fier enguwu deen Storage *nventove GABIUrY WH ULokeuence tro SelaMic SMNOCR and Cope Aouluseg vasKXOuNd the aM, erpedianty LUpPLewon, QUE VO Groat Vaief co the Aurntic aim genesas wand cine Ongineass UM HOsHestar - a The clips, SUdes wand Slopes Haiuuses WasLownd ond undwa tre dom and sweep ibility do Vhoers useing lain e@BUHQUARRE Could PUoVe Highly hazaydow - Consituicti onade, The afte ahould mot be fax OFF Buon deposits of MAOdaL Lonich Would fo eguised fox Uts ConskucHon - Al) types Of majos amy coquoe muon of GUL) c MIA of NOdUHAl MoakEoUs — Cote, 8anq , guoved and wWoUr for ane consiuucion | Economicatiy —» © The beri prs Wasdsin g Sud Of 1 dom placed ay Ww hasicstay se shold be vwatsc amd Gushfied dm teuny Of Wand ss goaded o¥ power gonuated ox floods vOvextod or Scanned with CamScannerDams sow Snvoesabiy Wty Giuucrusd and Cannot be placed onyusherxs wd ourayusingsss Withoud PHOpEK ANaLytis el COM- unten ASbect * Envizonment ally - © Theahte whene 0 dams puopesed do be Placed and O wessuwo%e CwWOted 4, Zhould not 2 ‘ oD ‘ . fee <= alee ANUAOH 5 SAPOClasay UN hye fe Yes Of animes ond vegetoHion amd man + @ The ian wittuns Wn the steam ay the tise SCO dd Auber 1. 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Packan| 2B Qepth to SUrouNnd wary Top Ob Test Trassuvad Bottom of “Tess Undeeuoy Test Ws dypscasdy conducted Wn ffve wens py Rach dep , A CONStAN+ Worse bree uy Apped for vO cuucodi on 8} \0 minder , Stage Tst ond ard ath ‘ei Queso O'SoP may Ons Pmay Prnax O18 Prox O'S0 Pma x, Scanned with CamScannerlogeon value Conauucevity RIR Oiacotine) Chait) Caton Cond Hon <\ Ves low Vou Hore i, Low Ti qre S-15 Noduuato Fens Paswty Open So N eddurp Rome Open 50-100 Ligne Nany Open z1p8 Ves Bigh Open Chos SPaced os voigy Ramas Q@ Lugeonvaiues ond +he CRrOAPEN A p SLOUR Condition - 3 Scanned with CamScanner