BSS Feature Parameter Description: HUAWEI GSM Base Station Subsystem GBSS8.1

HUAWEI GSM Base Station Subsystem
GBSS8.1
BSS Feature Parameter Description
Issue 01
Date 2009–04–30
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions
and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base
Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website: http://www.huawei.com
Email: support@huawei.com
Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
BSS Feature Parameter Description About This Document
About This Document
Purpose
BSS features consist of basic BSS features and optional BSS features. This document describes
the following aspects of the BSS features:
l Change History
l Overview
l Technical Description
l Engineering Guidelines
l Maintenance Information
l Reference Documents
Product Version
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name Product Model Product Version
BSC BSC6000 Refer to the version information in each feature.
BTS BTS3012 Refer to the version information in each feature.
BTS3012AE Refer to the version information in each feature.
BTS3006C Refer to the version information in each feature.
BTS3002E Refer to the version information in each feature.
BTS3900 GSM Refer to the version information in each feature.
BTS3900A GSM Refer to the version information in each feature.
DBS3900 GSM Refer to the version information in each feature.
Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

About This Document BSS Feature Parameter Description
Target Groups
This document is intended for people who have:
l Basic GSM knowledge
l Working experience on GSM
Organization
1 Handover
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol Description
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not

avoided,will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which

if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not

avoided,could result in equipment damage, data loss,
performance degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save

time.
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement

important points of the main text.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Convention Description
Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in

boldface. For example, log in as user root.
Italic Book titles are in italics.

Courier New Examples of information displayed on the screen are in
Courier New.
iv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2009–04–30)

BSS Feature Parameter Description About This Document
Command Conventions
The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic Command arguments are in italics.
[] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.
{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

vertical bars. One item is selected.
[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected.
{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all
items can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
GUI Conventions
The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles

are in boldface. For example, click OK.
> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"

signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Keyboard Operations
The keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Format Description
Key Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.
Key 1+Key 2 Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt
+A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.
Key 1, Key 2 Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A means
the two keys should be pressed in turn.
Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

About This Document BSS Feature Parameter Description
Mouse Operations
The mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Action Description
Click Select and release the primary mouse button without moving
the pointer.
Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and

quickly without moving the pointer.
Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the
pointer to a certain position.
vi Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2009–04–30)

BSS Feature Parameter Description Contents
Contents
About This Document...................................................................................................................iii

1 Handover......................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Change History................................................................................................................................................1-2
1.2 Overview.........................................................................................................................................................1-6
1.3 Technical Description.....................................................................................................................................1-9
1.3.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................1-9
1.3.2 Measurement Report Processing..........................................................................................................1-15
1.3.3 Handover Preprocessing.......................................................................................................................1-17
1.3.4 Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm I..........................................................................1-20
1.3.5 Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm II.........................................................................1-37
1.4 Maintenance Information..............................................................................................................................1-54
1.5 Reference Documents...................................................................................................................................1-86
Index.................................................................................................................................................i-1
Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vii

BSS Feature Parameter Description Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Procedure for performing Huawei handover algorithms....................................................................1-9

Figure 1-2 Procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm I......................................................1-11
Figure 1-3 Handover decisions based on handover algorithm I.........................................................................1-13
Figure 1-4 Procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm II....................................................1-14
Figure 1-5 Handover decisions based on handover algorithm II.......................................................................1-15
Figure 1-6 Load handover between cells............................................................................................................1-30
Figure 1-7 Load handover..................................................................................................................................1-31
Figure 1-8 Edge handover..................................................................................................................................1-32
Figure 1-9 Fast-moving micro cell handover.....................................................................................................1-33
Figure 1-10 Cell layers.......................................................................................................................................1-34
Figure 1-11 Handovers with high priority..........................................................................................................1-38
Figure 1-12 Handovers with normal priority.....................................................................................................1-39
Figure 1-13 Edge handover................................................................................................................................1-48
Figure 1-14 Fast-moving micro cell handover...................................................................................................1-49
Figure 1-15 Cell layers.......................................................................................................................................1-51
Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ix

BSS Feature Parameter Description Tables
Tables
Table 1-1 NEs involved in handover....................................................................................................................1-9

Table 1-2 Parameters related to the number of measurement reports................................................................1-17
Table 1-3 Parameters related to handover penalty.............................................................................................1-18
Table 1-4 Parameters related to handover..........................................................................................................1-54
Table 1-5 Counters related to handover.............................................................................................................1-60
Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xi

BSS Feature Parameter Description 1 Handover
1 Handover
About This Chapter
1.1 Change History

1.2 Overview
1.3 Technical Description
1.4 Maintenance Information
1.5 Reference Documents
Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-1

1 Handover BSS Feature Parameter Description
1.1 Change History

The change history provides information on the changes in different document versions.
Document and Product Versions

Document BSS Version BSC Version BTS Version
Version
01(2009-04-30) 8.1 V900R008C12 V300R008
There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:

l Feature change
Feature change refers to the change in the Handover feature of a specific product version.
l Editorial change
Editorial change refers to the change in wording or the addition of the information that was
not described in the earlier version.
01(2009-04-30)
This is the first commercial release of BSS8.1.
Compared with issue 02 (2008-06-30) of BSS8.0,issue 01 (2009-04-30) of BSS8.1 incorporates
the changes described in the following table.
Change Change Description Parameter Change

Type
Feature The following contents are The added parameter is listed as

change updated and added: follows:
l 1.3.3 Handover Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO
Preprocessing Fail(s)
l Enhanced Dual-Band
Network Handover
Handover algorithm II is added, The added parameter is listed as

and the original handover follows:
algorithm is called handover HO Control Switch
algorithm I.
1-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2009–04–30)


Type
Compared with handover The added parameters are listed as

algorithm I, handover algorithm follows:
II provides great change in l Penalty Time on Load HO
handover decision procedure and
classification. The details are as l Penalty Value on Load HO
follows: l Penalty Time on Interfere HO
l The handover penalty is l TA HO Watch Time
performed after the network
characteristics adjustment and l TA HO Valid Time
before the emergency l BQ HO Watch Time
handover decision. l BQ HO Valid Time
l The network characteristics
l Interfere HO Static Time
adjustment is performed (for
some factors) before the l Interfere HO Valid Time
emergency handover decision l UL BQ HO Static Time
procedure is initiated. The
network characteristics l UL BQ HO Last Time
adjustment is performed again l HCS HO Watch Time
(for all factors) after the load
l HCS HO Valid Time
handover decision is made.
l The comprehensive handover
decision is made and the
candidate neighboring cells are
determined.
l The classification of handover
decision is changed.
l The conditions for triggering
the handovers and for selecting
the target cell are changed. The
handovers are listed as follows:
TA Handover, BQ
Handover, Interference
Handover, No Downlink
Measurement Report
Handover, Enhanced Dual-
Band Network Handover,
Load Handover, and Fast-
Moving Micro Cell
Handover.


Type
The following handover decisions None.

are not contained in handover
algorithm II:
l Rapid Level Drop Handover
l Independent load handover
l PBGT Handover
l Inter-Layer Handover
l Handover due to MS
movement to the border of the
overlaid cell


Type
The following handover decisions The added parameters are listed as

are added to handover algorithm follows:
II: l Better Cell Handover Enable
l Better Cell Handover l Better Cell HO Watch Time
l Handover Between a Full- l Better Cell HO Valid Time
Rate TCH and a Half-Rate
TCH l Pathloss Ho. Enable
l IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho
Allowed
Pathloss Threshold
ATCB Threshold
Qual. Threshold
l IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Stat
Time(s)
l IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Last
Time(s)
l IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH
Ho Allowed
Ho Pathloss Threshold
Ho ATCB Threshold
Ho Qual. Threshold
l IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Stat
Time(s)
l IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Last
Time(s)
l IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Qual
Ho Allowed
l IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho
Pathloss Threshold
ATCB Threshold
Qual. Threshold
l IntraCell TCHH-TCHF Ho Stat
Time(s)
l IntraCell TCHH-TCHF Ho Last
Time(s)


Type
l IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF

Qual. Ho Allowed
Ho Pathloss Threshold
Ho ATCB Threshold
Ho Qual. Threshold
Descriptions of handover None.

algorithm II are added to 1.3.2
Measurement Report
Processing.
Editorial The structure of the document is None.

change optimized.
The following contents are None.

updated and added:
l The definition of ATCB is
added to 1.2 Overview.
l 1.3.3 Handover
Preprocessing is divided into
1.3.2 Measurement Report
Processing and 1.3.3
Handover Preprocessing to
improve the readability.
l In TA Handover, the
description of handover
penalty is moved to
Limitations in TA Handover.
l In BQ Handover, the
description of handover
penalty is moved to
Limitations in BQ Handover.
1.2 Overview
Introduction
The GSM network comprises several cells with continuous coverage. The handover technique
is introduced into the GSM system to enable the users who are in motion to continue with the
current call without interruption, thus optimizing the network performance.
During a handover, the MS and BTS in service measure the conditions of uplink and downlink
radio links respectively, record the measurement results into measurement reports (MRs), and

then send the MRs to the BSC. The BSC determines whether to trigger a handover based on the
MRs and the actual conditions of the radio network.
Target Groups
This document is intended for people who have:
l Basic GSM knowledge
l Working experience on GSM
Terms
Term Definition
Ping-pong Ping-pong handover refers to the condition in which an MS is handed over back
handover and forth between two cells because of the changes in signal quality or the
improper settings of parameters.
Co-site Neighboring cells in the same BTS.

neighbori
ng cells
Raileigh Raileigh fading is related to frequency. In radio propagation, signals inevitably

fading undergo short-period amplitude changes. In other words, signal fading is
frequency-specific.
Chain Chain neighboring cell is one of the configuration properties for a neighboring
neighbori cell. During a quick handover, an MS is handed over to only the chain
ng cell neighboring cells of the serving cell. Generally, the neighboring cells of the
serving cell in the fast-moving direction of the MS are configured as chain
neighboring cells. The configurations depend on the actual conditions.
ATCB ATCB specifies how close the MS is to the cell center. If the ATCB is greater,
the MS is closer to the cell center.
ATCB ATCB handover is a special method of determining the border between an

handover overlaid cell and an underlaid cell in the enhanced dual-band network. The
coverage area of the overlaid cell is determined by ATCB_THRD,
ATCB_HYST, and the signal strength difference between serving cell and
neighboring cell.
Frequency When the transmit source of the radio wave is far from the receiving party, the
offset wavelength is long and the frequency is low. When the transmit source is close
to the receiving party, the wavelength is short and the frequency is high. The
BTS of the serving cell can calculate the frequency offset (indicated by Δf)
through the signals transmitted by the moving MS. If the absolute value of Δf
is great, you can infer that the MS moves at a high speed. If Δf is a positive
number, you can infer that the MS is moving towards the BTS. If Δf is a negative
number, you can infer that the MS is moving away from the BTS.
Different In FH mode, the different frequencies set refers to a certain FH group. In non-
frequencie FH mode, the different frequencies set refers to a certain frequency.
s set

Term Definition
Enhanced The enhanced measurement report is a new downlink measurement report that
measurem is provided by the MS. Compared with the normal measurement report, the
ent report enhanced measurement report is added with new contents, such as BER and
FER. The enhanced measurement report provides the measurement information
of up to 15 neighboring GSM/WCDMA cells, whereas the normal measurement
report provides the measurement information of 6 neighboring GSM cells at
most.
FULL The FULL SET specifies the receive level and signal quality measured on TCH
SET when the BTS transmits signals at full power.
SUB SET The SUB SET specifies the receive level and signal quality measured on TCH
when the DTX function is enabled.
Ec/No Ec/No means Signal Noise Ratio in WCDMA. It maps with C/I in GSM.
Acronyms and Abbreviations

Acronym and
Abbreviation Expansion
MS Mobile Station
BSC Base Station Controller
MR Measurement Report
BQ Bad Quality
TA Timing Advance
BSIC Base Station Identity Code
BER Bit Error Ratio
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate
ATCB Adapter distance To Cell Border
RQI Radio Quality Indication
RSCP Received Signal Code Power
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
PBGT Power BudGet Handover
Network Elements Involved

Table 1-1 lists the network elements (NEs) involved in handover.

Table 1-1 NEs involved in handover

MS BTS BSC MSC MGW SGSN GGSN HLR
√ √ √ √ – – – –
NOTE
l -: not involved
l √: involved
1.3 Technical Description
1.3.1 Overview
Huawei handover algorithms (handover algorithm I and handover algorithm II) involve
measurement and MR reporting, MR processing, handover decision, and handover execution.
NOTE
Huawei handover algorithms apply to the handovers on TCHs as well as the handovers on SDCCHs.
You can determine the handover algorithm used in a cell through HO Control Switch.
Figure 1-1 shows the procedure for performing Huawei handover algorithms (including
handover algorithm I and handover algorithm II).
Figure 1-1 Procedure for performing Huawei handover algorithms
Start
MS in connection state
MS performs measurement
and MR reporting
BSS performs MR processing
Handover decision based on

handover algorithm
Handover execution
End

Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm I

Figure 1-2 shows the procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm I.

Figure 1-2 Procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm I
Start
No downlink measurement report

handover decision
MS starts minimum interval
protection
No Whether minimum interval

protection of consecutive
handovers times out?
Yes
Handover preprocessing
Handover penalty
Basic queuing
Network characteristics adjustment
Forced handover
Quick handover
No
Whether minimum interval
protection of handover times
out?
Yes
Other handover decisions
Determines target cell according to

2G/3G priority selection conditions
and corresponding thresholds
Starts minimum interval protection

of consecutive handovers
End

In handover algorithm I, five types of handover decisions are defined:

l Quick handover (including quick PBGT handover and frequency offset handover). Good
and stable services can be provided when the voice quality deteriorates during the fast
movement of an MS. Quick handover is mainly applicable in the railway scenario.
l Emergency handover. Emergency handover can ensure the call continuity when the radio
environment severely deteriorates. Theoretically, the emergency handover has a bigger
deviation than other handovers in terms of the selection of the target cell. In a normal cell,
frequent emergency handovers should be avoided.
l Enhanced dual-band network handover. In an enhanced dual-band network, the resources
in the overlaid DCS1800 cell and underlaid GSM900 cell can be shared during the
assignment and handover procedures. That is, the calls in the high-traffic GSM900 cell can
be handed over to the low-traffic DCS1800 cell to balance traffic.
l Load handover. Load handover enables the system load to be balanced among multiple
cells so that the system performance can be ensured.
l Normal handover. Normal handover ensures good services when an MS is moving.
Figure 1-3 shows the handovers provided in Figure 1-2 and their priorities in handover
algorithm I.

Figure 1-3 Handover decisions based on handover algorithm I
Emergency handover
TA handover
Interference handover
Rapid level drop handover
BQ handover
Starts protection timer after

emergency handover is
triggered.
Enhanced dual-band
network handover
Load handover
Normal handover
Edge handover
Fast-moving micro cell
handover
Inter-layer handover
PBGT handover
Concentric cell handover
AMR handover
3G better cell handover
TIGHT BCCH handover
Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm II

Figure 1-4 shows the procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm II.

Figure 1-4 Procedure of handover decision based on handover algorithm II

Start
No downlink measurement report

handover decision
MS starts minimum interval
protection

Yes
Handover preprocessing
Basic queuing

(some factors)
Forced handover
Handover penalty
Quick handover (emergency

handover)

Yes
Emergency handover (not including
quick handover)
Load handover decision

(all factors)
Other handover decisions
Performs comprehensive decision of

handover result and determines
candidate neighbor cell
Starts minimum interval protection

of consecutive handovers
End

In handover algorithm II, three types of handover decisions are defined, as shown in Figure
1-5.
Figure 1-5 Handover decisions based on handover algorithm II

Emergency handover Intra-cell handover Inter-cell handover
Quick handover Interference handover Fast-moving micro cell
handover
TA handover Concentric cell handover Enhanced dual-band
BQ handover network handover
AMR handover
Better cell handover
Edge handover Handover between a full-
rate TCH and a half-rate
TCH 3G better cell handover
TIGHT BCCH handover
Handover Execution
The parameter Power boost before HO enabled or not determines whether the BTS of the
serving cell transmits signals at the maximum power during a handover. If Power boost before
HO enabled or not is set to StartUp, the BSC maximizes the transmit power of the BTS before
sending a handover command to the MS. The BSC does not adjust the BTS power during the
handover to ensure the success of the handover.
1.3.2 Measurement Report Processing

Measurement report processing involves measurement report interpolation and filtering.
NE Selection for Measurement Report Processing

The processing can be performed either on the BSC side or on the BTS side.
l If MR.Preprocessing is set to No, then the processing is performed on the BSC side.
l If MR.Preprocessing is set to Yes, then the processing is performed on the BTS side. By
setting the parameters Transfer Original MR, Transfer BS/MS Power Class, and Sent
Freq.of Preprocessed MR, you can specify the contents of the MRs to be provided and
the period during which the MRs are provided. This decreases the signaling traffic on the
Abis interface and the traffic volume processed by the BSC.
Data Selection for Measurement Report

The MR can be classified into enhanced MR and normal MR. The parameter Report Type
determines the type to be used.
In the MR, the TCH measurement of the serving cell is classified into FULL SET and SUB SET.
The MRs from the MS and BTS specify whether the DTX is adopted.

l DtxMeasUsed is set to Open.

– If the MR specifies that the DTX is used, the SUB SET value should be selected.
– If the MR specifies that the DTX is not used, the FULL SET value should be selected.
l DtxMeasUsed is set to Close.
– If the MR specifies that the DTX is not used, the FULL SET value should be selected.
– If the MR specifies that the DTX is used, the SUB SET value should be selected. The
SUB SET value should be used regardless of the usage state of the DTX that the MR
specifies.
Measurement Report Interpolation

The neighboring cell indexes are found on the basis of the BCCH frequencies and BSICs
provided by the MS. Then, the uplink and downlink measurement results are obtained from the
measurement reports.
l If measurement reports are issued continuously, they are directly added to the measurement
report list.
l If measurement reports are not issued continuously and the number of lost measurement
reports is smaller than the value of Allowed M.R Number Lost, the system performs
operations as follows:
– For the serving cell, the handover algorithm I performs the linear interpolation for the
MRs. The lowest values are applied to the interpolation of MRs by the handover
algorithm II according to the protocols; that is, level 0 (-110 dBm) and quality 7 are
applied in the interpolation.
– For the neighboring cell, the lowest value is applied to the lost level value according to
the protocols; that is, level 0 (-110 dBm) is applied in the interpolation.
NOTE
If no MR is reported because the RX level in the neighboring cell is too low, level 0 (-110 dBm)
is applied in the interpolation.
l If measurement reports are not issued continuously and the number of lost measurement
reports is greater than the value of Allowed M.R Number Lost, the previous measurement
reports are discarded. When new measurement reports are issued, calculation is done again.
Measurement Report Filtering

Filtering is performed on measurement reports obtained continuously from the measurement
report list. Averaging is performed on uplink/downlink RX level, uplink/downlink RX quality,
TA, RQI, BTS power, 2G neighboring cell level, and the CPICH, RSCP, and Ec/No of
neighboring 3G cell. The averaging minimizes the effect on the result of handover decision due
to sudden changes in the measurement values.
Power control compensation needs to be performed for the downlink RX level of the serving
cell by the handover algorithm II. If you compare the RX level of the serving cell after the power
control with that of all BCCH TRXs of the neighboring cell, there is no mapping between them.
In situations where the cells overlap severely, the handover is easily triggered, thus causing the
ping-pong handover. After the power control compensation is performed, the RX level of the
serving cell can reflect the coverage condition of the BCCH TRX of the serving cell. The power
control compensation of the serving cell is performed after the interpolation processing and
before the filtering processing. In general, the compensation of power control is calculated by
adding the downlink RX level of the serving cell and twice the current downlink transmit Power
Level of the BTS.

The number of consecutive measurement reports required for filtering is determined by the
measurement object and channel type. See Table 1-2 for details.
Table 1-2 Parameters related to the number of measurement reports
Measurement
Object Channel Type Parameter
Receive level of the SDCCH Filter Length for SDCCH Level

serving cell
TCH Filter Length for TCH Level
Quality of the serving SDCCH Filter Length for SDCCH Qual

cell
TCH Filter Length for TCH Qual
TA of the serving cell TCH Filter Length for TA
SDCCH TA Filter Length for SDCCH Level
Receive level of the BCCH Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV

neighboring cell
SDCCH NCell Filter Length for SDCCH Level
Power of the BTS in TCH Filter Length for TCH Level

the serving cell
RQI TCH Filter Length for TCH Qual
If consecutive measurement reports are insufficient, the filtering fails. The handover decision is
not performed.
1.3.3 Handover Preprocessing
Handover Penalty
According to the neighboring cell information in the measurement report and the parameters,
the system performs handover preprocessing and adjusts the priorities of the neighboring cells.
The handover penalty is performed after successful fast-moving micro cell handover, TA
handover, BQ handover, fast-moving micro cell handover, OL subcell to UL subcell handover
within an enhanced concentric cell, and after the handover failures.
In handover algorithm II, in addition to the situations mentioned above, the handover penalty is
also performed after successful or failed load handover and interference handover.
NOTE
In handover decision procedure of handover algorithm II, the handover penalty is performed after the
network characteristics adjustment and before the emergency handover decision.
l After the quick handover, TA handover, BQ handover, or load handover (in handover
algorithm II) is successfully performed, the penalty level is subtracted from the actual RX
level of the original cell during the penalty period. Table 1-3 lists the parameters related
to handover penalty.

Table 1-3 Parameters related to handover penalty

Handover Parameter
Quick Quick Handover Punish Time(s)

handover Quick Handover Punish Value(dB)
TA Handover Penalty Level after TA HO

Penalty Time after TA HO(s)
BQ Handover Penalty Level after BQ HO

Penalty Time after BQ HO(s)
Load Penalty Time on Load HO

handover Penalty Value on Load HO
(handover
algorithm II)
l After the fast-moving micro cell handover is successfully performed, penalty is performed
on all the neighboring cells of the micro cell. Related parameters are Penalty on Fast
Moving Handover and Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO(s).
l If an MS fails to initiate an intra-cell AMR TCHF to TCHH handover, it cannot initiate
another intra-cell AMR TCHF to TCHH handover within Penalty Time after AMR
TCHF-H HO Fail(s).
l In handover algorithm II, after the interference handover is initiated, this handover is not
allowed to be initiated again within Penalty Time on Interfere HO regardless of whether
the handover is successful or not.
l After the OL subcell to UL subcell handover within an enhanced concentric cell is
successful, the handover from UL subcell to OL subcell is not allowed within Penalty Time
of UtoO HO(s).
l After the OL cell to UL cell handover in the enhanced dual-band network is successful, the
handover from UL cell to OL cell is not allowed within Inter UL And OL Subcells HO
Penalty Time(s).
l After the handover fails, different penalties are performed on the target cell based on the
causes:
– If the handover to a neighboring 2G or 3G cell fails, the actual RX level of the target
cell is subtracted by Penalty Level after HO Fail for neighboring cell ranking during
the penalty.
NOTE
Based on the handover failure cause, the penalty time could be UmPenaltyTimer,
RscPenaltyTimer, or CfgPenaltyTimer.
– If the OL subcell to UL subcell handover within a concentric cell fails, the handover
from OL subcell to UL subcell is not allowed within Penalty Time after OtoU HO
Fail(s).
– If the UL subcell to OL subcell handover within a concentric cell fails, the handover
from UL subcell to OL subcell is not allowed within Penalty Time after UtoO HO
Fail(s).

Basic Ranking
Basic ranking is performed after handover penalty to generate a candidate cell list in descending
order taking the following information into account: RX levels of the serving cell and
neighboring cells carried in the MRs, hysteresis, usage of TCHs in the neighboring cells, and so
on.
l In the case of non-directed retry, if an MS in an external BSC cell occupies an SDCCH and
Inter-BSC SDCCH HO ALLowed is set to No, then this cell should be removed from the
candidate cell list. In other words, the handover to this external BSC cell is prohibited.
l If a neighboring 2G cell and the serving cell are controlled by the same BSC and the TCH
usage of the neighboring cell is 100%, then the neighboring cell should be removed from
the candidate cell list; that is, the handover to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
l If the downlink RX level of a neighboring 2G cell is lower than the sum of Min DL Power
on HO Candidate Cell and Min Access Level Offset, then the neighboring cell should be
removed from the candidate cell list; that is, the handover to this neighboring cell is
prohibited.
l If the uplink RX level of a neighboring 2G cell is lower than the sum of Min UP Power
on HO Candidate Cell and Min Access Level Offset, then the neighboring cell should be
removed from the candidate cell list; that is, the handover to this neighboring cell is
prohibited.
l If a neighboring 3G cell is an FDD cell, the cell is processed according to FDD REP
QUANT:
– If FDD REP QUANT is set to Ec/N0, and the Ec/N0 of a neighboring cell is lower
than Min Ec/No Threshold, the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate
cell list; that is, the handover to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
– If FDD REP QUANT is set to RSCP, and the RSCP of a neighboring cell is lower than
Min RSCP Threshold, the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate cell
list; that is, the handover to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
l If a neighboring 3G cell is a TDD cell and the RSCP after penalty is lower than the Min
RSCP Threshold, the neighboring cell should be removed from the candidate cell list; that
is, the handover to this neighboring cell is prohibited.
l Calculate the difference between the downlink RX level of the neighboring cells and the
downlink RX level of the serving cell. Based on the difference, rank the neighboring cells
in descending order.
Network Characteristics Adjustment

Network characteristics adjustment is a process in which the position of each cell in the candidate
cell list is determined based on the related network information. Network characteristics
adjustment provides the final candidate cell list for handover decision.
After the network characteristics adjustment, the final candidate cell list (including neighboring
cells and serving cell) is generated. The candidate cells are ranked in descending order by
priority. Then, the handover decision procedure starts.
In handover algorithm II, the emergency handover decision is made after the network
characteristics adjustment.
After the emergency handover decision, Penalty Value on Load HO is subtracted from the
level of the original cell within Penalty Time on Load HO (s) if the load handover is successful.
The level of the target cell changes after the penalty of load handover; then, the network
characteristics needs to be readjusted.

In handover algorithm I, all related factors are adjusted in network characteristics adjustment
phase; in handover algorithm II, some of the factors are adjusted before the emergency handover
decision procedure is initiated.
Forced Handover
If the forced handover is triggered, the subsequent handover decisions are not performed.
The purpose of the forced handover is as follows:
l If no TCH is available in the serving cell during the MS access process, the directed retry
procedure is performed when Directed Retry Permitted is set to Yes.
l When BTS maintenance is performed, the MSs under control of the related BTS should be
handed over to the cells controlled by a functional BTS to ensure that no call drop occurs
during BTS maintenance.
The forced handover is classified into these four types:
l Outgoing cell handover (directed retry)

l Outgoing BTS handover
l Outgoing BSC handover
l Specified target cell list handover
1.3.4 Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm I

According to the emergency condition of an MS in the network, the handover decision based
on handover algorithm I is made in the following order: quick handover, emergency handover,
enhanced dual-band network handover, load handover, and normal handover.
Handover decision based on handover algorithm I involves the following procedures:
l Determining whether the serving cell meets the triggering conditions

l Selecting corresponding candidate cells
In handover algorithm I, Inter-RAT HO Preference specifies whether a neighboring 2G cell

or a neighboring 3G cell is preferred.
l When Inter-RAT HO Preference is set to Preference for 2G Cell:

A neighboring 2G cell is preferred. If the candidate cell list contains suitable neighboring
3G cells but no suitable neighboring 2G cells, a neighboring 3G cell is selected.
If the RX level of a candidate 2G cell is lower than or equal to HO Preference Threshold
for 2G Cell, a neighboring 3G cell is preferred.
If the triggering conditions of emergency handover are met and there is at least one candidate
cell, then the emergency handover timer Min Interval for Emerg.HOs is started. Another
emergency handover decision can be performed only when Min Interval for Emerg.HOs times
out.

Quick Handover
Quick handover aims to increase the handover success rate of an MS moving at a high speed
and to ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover applies to the scenario
where an MS moves fast along an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a high-speed railroad.
Quick Handover Types

Quick handover consists of frequency offset handover and quick PBGT handover.
l Frequency offset handover
Whether the MS is moving away from the serving cell is determined based on the frequency
offset information provided by an MS moving at a high speed. Frequency offset handover
decision is made according to the uplink/downlink RX level of the serving cell and the path
loss of neighboring cells.
l Quick PBGT handover
Quick PBGT handover decision is made according to the path loss of neighboring cells.
For quick handover, the handover response speed is enhanced by:
l Accurately calculating the moving speed of the MS
l Derestricting the interval between handover decisions
l Reducing the number of measurement reports for the handover decision
l Introducing the α filtering
Quick Handover Preparation

The preparation for quick handover involves the following aspects:
l Frequency offset is decoded from the measurement report.
Frequency offset of the MS is obtained from the uplink measurement report that the BTS
sends to the BSC.
l α filtering is performed on the measurement report.
Triggering Conditions
During handover decision, whether the triggering conditions of frequency offset handover are
met is determined first. When the BTS cannot send the frequency offset information or the
reported frequency offset information is invalid, quick PBGT handover is triggered if other
conditions of frequency offset handover are met.
If Quick Handover Enable is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of quick handover are as
follows:
l The MS is moving away from the serving cell (the frequency offset in the measurement
result is a negative value) and the moving speed of the MS is greater than Quick Move
Speed Threshold(m/s).
l The filtered uplink level of the serving cell is lower than Quick Handover Up Trigger
Level(dB).
l The compensated downlink level of the serving cell is lower than Quick Handover Down
Trigger Level(dB).

l The path loss of configured chain neighboring cells is lower than the specified threshold
of the path loss of the serving cell. In other words, PBGT(n) is greater than or equal to 0.
The triggering conditions of quick handover are as follows:
l If the last three conditions are met simultaneously, the decision is made as follows:
– If the first condition is met, a frequency offset handover is performed.
– If the first condition is not met, a quick PBGT handover is performed.
l If all the last three conditions are not met, quick handover is not triggered.
Target Cell Selection

The target cell must be a chain neighboring cell of the serving cell. The Chain Neighbor Cell
parameter specifies whether a neighboring cell is a chain neighboring cell.
Limitations
The limitations on quick handover are as follows:
l The serving cell cannot be selected as the target cell.

l The candidate cells for quick handover must be chain neighboring cells of the serving cell.
Each cell can be configured with a maximum of three chain neighboring cells.
l After a quick handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell during
the penalty time to prevent an immediate handover back to the original cell. The penalty
time and penalty value are specified by Quick Handover Punish Time(s) and Quick
Handover Punish Value(dB) respectively.
TA Handover
Timing Advance (TA) handover is a type of emergency handover. The TA handover decision
is made according to the TA value reported by the MS.
The TA value of a normal cell ranges from 0 to 63 and that of an extended cell ranges from 0 to
229. The TA can be stepped up or down in steps of 553.5 m. The TA value of 63 corresponds
to a distance of 35 km.
TA handover is triggered when the following conditions are met:
l TA HO Allowed is set to Yes.

l Filtered TA value in the measurement report provided by the MS is greater than or equal
to TA Threshold.
The TA handover can be triggered only when the preceding two conditions are met
simultaneously.
NOTE
From the perspective of the triggering conditions of TA handover, TA can be regarded as a limitation to
the size of a cell.


The target cell should have the highest priority in the candidate cell list after handover
preprocessing. In addition, the target cell should meet the following conditions:

l If TA Threshold of a co-site neighboring cell is lower than or equal to the TA
Threshold of the serving cell, a handover to the neighboring cell is prohibited.
If the triggering conditions of TA handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable,
the following operations are performed:
l If a neighboring 3G cell is available, if Inter-RAT Out BSC Handover Enable is set to

Yes, and if the MS supports the 2G/3G inter-RAT handover, the 2G/3G inter-RAT
handover is performed.
l If no neighboring 3G cell is available, if Inter-RAT Out BSC Handover Enable is set to
No, or if the MS does not support the 2G/3G inter-RAT handover, the decision on whether
to initiate another type of emergency handover is made.
Limitations
After the TA handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell. During Penalty
Time after TA HO(s), Penalty Level after TA HO is subtracted from the level of the original
cell to prevent an immediate handover back to the original cell.
BQ Handover
Bad Quality (BQ) handover is a type of emergency handover in which the system makes the
decision based on the uplink/downlink RX quality on the Um interface.
The RX quality is measured in bit error rate (BER). The BSC measures the quality of a radio
link based on the quality class in the measurement report. The probable cause of an increase in
BER is that the signal power is too low or the channel interference increases.
If BQ HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of BQ handover are as follows:
l The uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to the uplink RX quality threshold of the
serving cell.
l The downlink RX quality is greater than or equal to the downlink RX quality threshold of
the serving cell.
The BQ handover is triggered when either of the preceding conditions is met.
The parameters for specifying the uplink and downlink RX quality thresholds are as follows:
l For non-AMR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is UL
Qual. Threshold and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold is
DL Qual. Threshold.
l For AMR FR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is
ULQuaLimitAMRFR and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold
is DLQuaLimitAMRFR.

l For AMR HR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is
ULQuaLimitAMRHR and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality
threshold is DLQuaLimitAMRHR.

l If the target cell is a neighboring cell, the RX level of the target cell must meet the following
condition:
Filtered downlink RX level of the target cell > Filtered downlink RX level of the serving
cell + Inter-cell HO Hysteresis of the serving cell configured for the neighboring cell -
BQ HO Margin + 64
NOTE
In handover algorithm I, if there is only one cell in the candidate cell list and the cell is a neighboring
cell, then the preceding condition need not be met.
l In handover algorithm I, if there is no neighboring cell, Intracell HO Allowed is set to
Yes, and the serving cell is not in the intra-cell handover penalty state, then the MS is
handed over to the serving cell. A channel with different frequency band, different
frequency, different TRX, or different timeslot is preferred (priority: different frequency
band > different frequency > different TRX > different timeslot).
If the triggering conditions of BQ handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable,
Limitations
After the BQ handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell. During Penalty
Time after BQ HO(s), Penalty Level after BQ HO is subtracted from the level of the original
Rapid Level Drop Handover
Rapid level drop handover is a type of emergency handover.

In edge handover and PBGT handover, the mean value filtering and P/N decision methods are
not responsive to short-period rapid level drop. Therefore, to solve the rapid level drop problem,
the finite impact response filtering can be performed on the original RX level. This filtering
method is responsive to the rapid level drop based on the drop slope of the original RX level.
If Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of rapid level drop
handover are as follows:

l Filtered uplink level < Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold

l A1 x C(nt) + A2 x C(nt - t) + A3 x C(nt - 2t) + … + A8 x C(nt - 7t) < B
Here, A1 indicates Filter Parameter A1, A2 indicates Filter Parameter A2, A3 indicates
Filter Parameter A3, A4 indicates Filter Parameter A4, A5 indicates Filter Parameter
A5, A6 indicates Filter Parameter A6, A7 indicates Filter Parameter A7, and A8
indicates Filter Parameter A8.
B indicates Filter Parameter B.

l The target cell has a higher priority than the serving cell.
If the triggering conditions of rapid level drop handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are
not suitable, the following operations are performed:
Interference Handover
In handover algorithm I, interference handover is a type of emergency handover.

Interference handover helps protect the interfered calls and reduce the network interference. It
is applicable to scenarios with interference.
In handover algorithm I, the difference between interference handover and BQ handover is that
in BQ handover the bad quality resulting from both coverage and interference is checked. In
interference handover, the bad quality resulting from coverage is not checked.
If Interference HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of interference handover
are as follows:
l The filtered value of uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to the specified RX quality
threshold at the current uplink RX level.
l The filtered value of downlink RX quality is greater than or equal to the specified RX
quality threshold at the current downlink RX level.
The interference handover is triggered if either of the previous conditions is met.
l For non-AMR FR calls, the parameter for specifying the RX quality threshold is
RXQUALn, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 12.

l For AMR FR calls, the parameters for specifying the RX quality threshold are
RXQUALn (1 ≤ n ≤ 12) and RXLEVOff.
– If n = 1, the RX quality threshold is RXQUAL1.
– If 2 ≤ n ≤ 12, the RX quality threshold is RXQUALn + RXLEVOff.

In handover algorithm I, the target cell should have the highest priority in the candidate cell list.
In addition, the target cell should meet the following conditions:
l If Intracell HO Allowed is set to Yes and the intra-cell handover penalty timer expires,
the serving cell can be selected as the target cell.
NOTE
When a number of consecutive intra-cell handovers occur, Forbidden time after MAX Times is
triggered and the intra-cell handover is prohibited in the corresponding period.
l If the filtered level of a neighboring cell after handover penalty ≥ Inter-layer HO
Threshold of the neighboring cell + Adjacent Cell Inter-layer HO Hysteresis - 64, this
neighboring cell can serve as the target cell.
If the triggering conditions of interference handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not
suitable, the following operations need to be performed:

Handover Due to No Downlink Measurement Report
Handover due to no downlink measurement report is performed on the basis of the uplink quality.
The purpose is to ensure the call continuity and minimize the possibility of call drops.
Handover due to no downlink measurement report is generally caused by adverse radio

environment on the uplink. In this case, the requirements of the filtering algorithm cannot be
met, so other handover decisions cannot be performed.
In handover algorithm I, the triggering conditions of handover due to no downlink measurement
report are as follows:
l No Dl Mr.HO Allowed is set to Yes.

l There is no downlink information in the measurement report of the call.
l The filtered value of uplink quality is greater than or equal to No Dl Mr.Ul Qual HO
Limit.
l The number of lost downlink MRs is smaller than Cons.No Dl Mr.HO Allowed Limit.

l For TCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink quality value is greater than Filter Length
for TCH Qual; for SDCCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink quality value is greater
than Filter Length for SDCCH Qual.
When all the previous conditions are met, the handover due to no downlink measurement report
is triggered.

In handover algorithm I, the conditions for selecting the target cell are as follows:
l The ranked neighboring cells recorded in the last complete measurement report are saved
as candidate cells.
l Preferably a neighboring cell is selected as the target cell.
l If no neighboring cell is available, the serving cell is selected as the target cell.
Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover
Enhanced dual-band network handover is performed based on the traffic volume of the overlaid
and underlaid cells and based on the receive level.
Enhanced dual-band network handover is classified into the following types:
l Handover due to high load in the underlaid cell
l Handover due to low load in the underlaid cell
l Handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to High Load in the Underlaid Cell

The triggering conditions of the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
l The two cells are in the enhanced dual-band network and Load HO From UL Subcell to
OL Subcell Allowed is set to Yes.
l The MS supports the frequency band on which the overlaid cell operates.
l The handover due to high load in the underlaid cell is performed only on TCHs.
l The load in the underlaid cell is higher than or equal to UL Subcell General Overload
Threshold(%).
l The load in the overlaid cell is lower than Inner Cell Serious Overload Threshold(%).
l The system traffic volume is lower than or equal to Allowed Flow Control Level of UL
And OL Subcell HO.
l The current call is within the handover margin and the receive level is greater than or equal
to Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB).
When all the preceding conditions are met, the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell
is triggered.
If the load of the underlaid subcell in the cell is higher than or equal to UL Subcell Serious
Overload Threshold(%), then the handover margin is adjusted in a period of UL Subcell Load
Hierarchical HO Period(s) subtracted by Modified Step Length of UL Load HO Period(s).
The step length for handover margin adjustment is specified by Step Length of UL Subcell
Load HO(dB).

Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to Low Load in the Underlaid Cell

The triggering conditions of the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
l The load in the underlaid cell is lower than UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold(%).
And OL Subcell HO.
to Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB).
When all the preceding conditions are met, the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell is
triggered.
If the load of the underlaid subcell is lower than UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold(%) for a
specified period, then the handover margin is adjusted in a period of OL Subcell Load Diversity
HO Period(s). The step length for handover margin adjustment is specified by Step Length of
OL Subcell Load HO(dB).
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to MS Movement to the Border of the

Overlaid Cell
The triggering conditions of the handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid
cell are as follows:
l SS(s) < Thdouter
l SS(u) - SS(n) < ATCB_THRD - ATCB_HYST
Here,
– SS(s): specifies the filtering compensated downlink RX level in the serving cell.
– Thdouter: specifies Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB).
– SS(u): specifies the downlink level (power compensation is performed on the downlink
level based on the measurement) of the underlaid cell where the call is originated. If the
SS(u) value cannot be obtained, you can infer that the decision of enhanced dual-band
network handover is not performed and the decision condition is met by default.
– SS(n): The best neighboring cell is the one whose measured BCCH level is the highest
among neighboring cells. SS(n) is the signal level of the best neighboring cell that
operates on the same frequency band, locates at the same layer, and has the same priority
as the underlaid cell but is not co-sited with the underlaid cell. If such a neighboring
cell is not available, the value of SS(n) is -110 dBm.
– ATCB_THRD: specifies Distance Between Boundaries of UL And OL Subcells
(dB).
– ATCB_HYST: specifies Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries of UL And OL
Subcells(dB).
Handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell is triggered if either of
the preceding conditions is met.

NOTE
l In the ATCB handover algorithm, the border between the overlaid and underlaid cells is determined
according to the signal strength of the serving cell and that of neighboring cells. If SS(s) = SS(n), the
system considers that the MS is located at the border of the underlaid cell. If SS(s) - SS(n) >
ATCB_THRD, the system considers that the MS is located in the coverage area of the overlaid cell.
The coverage area of the overlaid cell is determined according to different networking and coverage
conditions of the existing network. In addition, the overlaid cell of the serving cells and the overlaid
cell of the neighboring cells will not overlap regardless of the distance between BTSs.
l The handover margin specifies the range of signal level. In the case of overlaid/underlaid load handover
on the enhanced dual-band network, the MSs whose downlink levels are within the handover margin
are handed over level by level.

The requirements for target cell selection in the enhanced dual-band network are as follows:
l For the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell, the MS must be handed over to the
overlaid cell.
l For the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell, the MS must be handed over to the
underlaid cell.
l For the handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell, the MS is handed
over to the neighboring cell that ranks first among neighboring cells. The MS should not
be handed over to the cell that ranks after the serving cell. Generally, the target cell is the
underlaid cell. The target cell can also be another neighboring cell.
Limitations
The limitations on the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
l If the cell where the call is located is on an enhanced dual-band network, Attributes of UL
And OL Subcells is set to Underlaid Subcell.
l The Load HO From UL Subcell to OL Subcell Allowed parameter should be set.
l The maximum range of the handover margin is from 63 to Incoming OL Subcell HO level
Threshold(dB). The MS with the highest receive level is handed over first.
The limitations on the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
l If the cell where the call is located is on the enhanced dual-band network, Attributes of
UL And OL Subcells is set to Overlaid Subcell.
l The Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell Enabled parameter should be set.
l The maximum range of the handover margin is from 63 to Outgoing OL Subcell HO level
Threshold(dB). The MS with the lowest receive level is handed over first.
The limitations on the handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell are as
follows:
Impact of the Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover on the Existing Algorithm

The impact of the enhanced dual-band network handover on the existing algorithm is as follows:
l On the enhanced dual-band network, the MS should not be handed over to a cell in the
same underlaid/overlaid cell group when the load handovers between the overlaid cell and

the underlaid cell (specified by Load HO From UL Subcell to OL Subcell Allowed and
Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell Enabled) are allowed. This is to prevent a load
handover of a normal cell from colliding with a load handover between the overlaid cell
and the underlaid cell on the network.
l The PBGT handover algorithm may cause inter-cell handover; thus, the MS should not be
handed over to the cell in the same group in the case of PBGT handover between cells on
the enhanced dual-band network.
Load Handover
In the network, some cells carry heavy load whereas the overlapping upper-layer cells and the
neighboring cells may carry light load. To balance the load of these cells, the load handover is
required.
In a load handover procedure, some load in heavy-load cells is switched to light-load cells.
Meanwhile, the load in neighboring cells is not switched to heavy-load cells.
Load handover can be performed between cells at different layers. Figure 1-6 shows the details.
NOTE
For details about the inter-RAT load handover, see the 2G/3G Interoperability feature.
Figure 1-6 Load handover between cells
A cell with
a heavy load
A cell with A cell with
a light load a light load
A cell with
a heavy load
A cell with A cell with
a light load a heavy load
A cell with
a light load
To perform load sharing, increase Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold so that the load at the
border of a cell is switched to a neighboring cell with light load.
Whether a cell carries heavy load or light load is determined by the traffic volume in the cell,
that is whether the traffic volume (generally TCH usage) in the cell exceeds the preset threshold.
l If the traffic volume in a cell is greater than Load HO Threshold(%), you can infer that
the load in this cell is heavy. The load handover algorithm needs to be enabled.
l If the traffic volume in a cell is lower than Load Req.on Candidate Cell(%), you can infer
that the load in this cell is light and the cell can receive load from the heavy-load cells.
Load handover may lead to many handovers. Therefore, the load of the system CPU should be
considered before load handover is performed. In other words, the system traffic volume should
be taken into account. In addition, to prevent too many MSs from being handed over at a time,
load handover is performed step by step. In other words, the edge handover threshold is increased
on the basis of Load HO Step Level (CLS_Ramp) and Load HO Step Period (CLS_Period).

When the increase in the edge handover threshold equals Load HO Bandwidth (CLS_Offset),
the edge handover threshold is not increased any more. See Figure 1-7 for details.
Figure 1-7 Load handover

Load handover band Border of normal handover
Cell A Cell B
CONF_HO_RXLEV+CLS_Offset CONF_HO_RXLEV
CONF_HO_RXLEV+CLS_Ramp
If Load HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of load handover are as follows:
l The CPU usage of the system is less than or equal to System Flux Threshold for Load
HO.
l The current load of the serving cell is greater than or equal to Load HO Threshold.

The conditions for selecting the target cell are as follows:
l Filtered RX level after handover penalty ≥ Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent Cell

Inter-layer HO Hysteresis - 64
l If the target cell and the serving cell are in the same BSC, a load handover is performed
when the current load of the target cell is lower than Load Req.on Candidate Cell.
l If the target cell and the serving cell are not in the same BSC, a load handover is performed
when the load of the target cell is lower than Load Handover Load Accept Threshold
(%) and Inter-BSC Load Handover Allowed is set to Yes.
Examples
The system assigns MSs to different load handover margins based on the downlink RX level.
The load handover algorithm is used to hand over the MSs out of a cell step by step.
1. The MSs in load handover margin 1 are handed over to the neighboring cells. Load handover
margin 1 specifies the area where the downlink level ranges from Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold to the sum of Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold and Load HO Step Level.
2. After a Load HO Step Period elapses, the MSs in load handover margin 2 are handed over
to the neighboring cells. The load handover margin 2 specifies the area where the downlink

level ranges from Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold to the sum of Edge HO DL

RX_LEV Threshold and (2 x Load HO Step Level).
3. The load handover stops when the traffic volume in the cell is less than or equal to Load
HO Threshold.
The load handover is performed step by step to prevent call drops caused by a sudden increase
in CPU load or the congestion in the target cell.
Edge Handover
Edge handover is performed on the basis of receive level.

To trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the target cell should be at least one hysteresis
value (specified by Inter-cell HO Hysteresis) greater than the receive level of the serving cell.
If Edge Handover Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of edge handover are as
follows:
l Either of the following conditions is met.
– The filtered downlink RX level of the serving cell is lower than Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold.
– The filtered uplink RX level of the serving cell is lower than Edge HO UL RX_LEV
Threshold.
l RX level of the neighboring cell > RX level of the serving cell + Inter-cell HO Hysteresis
An edge handover is triggered when the P/N criterion is met, that is, when the previous conditions
are met for Edge HO Valid Time(s) within Edge HO Watch Time(s).
Figure 1-8 shows the edge handover.
Figure 1-8 Edge handover
Cell 1 Cell 2
-97 dBm -85 dBm

The target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate cells. In addition, it should
meet the following conditions:
l After cells are ranked, the target cell must have a higher priority than the serving cell.

A cell becomes the target cell if the previous conditions are met for Edge HO AdjCell Valid
Time(s) within Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time(s).
If the triggering conditions of edge handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable,
to initiate another type of handover is made.
Fast-Moving Micro Cell Handover
Fast-moving micro cell handover is performed from a micro cell to a macro cell according to
the relative speed of an MS so that the number of handovers can be minimized.
Fast-moving micro cell handover applies to the following scenarios:
l If an MS is moving fast in a micro cell, it is handed over to a macro cell.
l To prevent an MS that is moving fast in a macro cell from entering a micro cell, time penalty
is performed on the micro cell so that the fast-moving MS camps on the macro cell.
Figure 1-9 shows the fast-moving micro cell handover.
Figure 1-9 Fast-moving micro cell handover
Umbrella cell
Micro cell
If MS Fast Moving HO Allowed is set to Yes, the handover decision procedure of fast-moving
micro cell handover is as follows:
1. When the triggering conditions of edge handover or PBGT handover are met, the fast-
moving micro cell handover decision is started.
2. When the period during which the MS camps on the serving cell is shorter than MS Fast-
moving Time Threshold(s), the number of cells through which the fast-moving MS passes
is incremented by one.

NOTE
The cell counted by the system must locate at a layer lower than layer 4. In other words, it must be
a non-Umbrella cell.
3. When the number of cells that the MS passes in fast movement reaches MS Fast-moving
Watch Cells, the fast-moving micro cell handover is triggered if the number of cells that
the MS passes in fast movement counted by the system is greater than or equal to MS Fast-
moving Valid Cells.

In handover algorithm I, the target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate
cells. In addition, the target cell should meet the following conditions:
l The target cell must be at layer 4, that is, Umbrella cell.
l Filtered RX level of the target cell ≥ Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent Cell Inter-
layer HO Hysteresis - 64
Limitations
After the fast-moving micro cell handover is successful, the penalty is performed on all the
neighboring micro cells. During Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO(s), Penalty on MS Fast
Moving HO is subtracted from the RX level of every neighboring micro cell.
Cell Layer and Cell Priority

With Huawei multiband handover algorithm, a proper traffic volume distribution can be realized
among multiple frequency bands.
Huawei multiband handover algorithm divides cells into four layers, with 16 priorities at each
layer. The Layer of the Cell parameter specifies at which layer a cell is located. This algorithm
is applicable to complex networking scenarios. Figure 1-10 shows the cell layers.
Figure 1-10 Cell layers
GSM900
Umbrella Cell Layer 4
GSM900 GSM900 GSM900

Macro Cell Layer 3
DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800

Micro Cell Layer 2
GSM900 GSM900 GSM900 GSM900
DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800

Pico Cell Layer 1

In Huawei multiband handover algorithm, a GSM network covering a certain area is divided
into four layers, which are:
l Layer 4: Umbrella cell. The umbrella cells are generally GSM900 cells having the wide
coverage feature. It also implements fast MS connection.
l Layer 3: Macro cell. The macro cells are generally GSM900 cells, which are commonly
used in current GSM system and serve majority of subscribers.
l Layer 2: Micro cell. The micro cells are generally DCS1800 cells having the small coverage
feature. They enable capacity expansion.
l Layer 1: Pico cell. The pico cells are generally DCS1800 cells, which are used in hot spots
and blind spots.
The cell at the lower layer has a higher priority.
Inter-Layer Handover
Inter-layer handover is a type of normal handover. It is used to enable the cells at low layers to
absorb traffic volume.
To balance the traffic volume flexibly and to meet the requirements of different network
topologies, the GSM network is divided into several layers. See Fast-Moving Micro Cell
Handover for details.
If Level HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of inter-layer handover are as
follows:
l The layer at which the target cell is located has a higher priority than the layer at which the
serving cell is located.
l Filtered downlink RX level of the target cell ≥ Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent
Cell Inter-layer HO Hysteresis - 64
The inter-layer handover is triggered when the P/N criterion is met, that is, the previous
conditions are met for Layer HO Valid Time(s) within Layer HO Watch Time(s).

The requirements for target cell selection are as follows:
l The triggering conditions are met.
l The target cell has the highest priority in the candidate cell list.
PBGT Handover
Power Budget (PBGT) handover is a type of normal handover.
If PBGT HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of PBGT handover are as follows:

l The target cell and the serving cell are at the same layer and have the same priority.
l The following condition is met for PBGT Valid Time(s) within PBGT Watch Time(s):
(MIN (MS_TXPWR_MAX, P) – RXLEV_DL – PWR_DIFF) – (MIN
(MS_TXPWR_MAX (n), P) – RXLEV_NCELL (n) ) > PBGT_HO_MARGIN
Here,
– RXLEV_DL: indicates the filtered downlink RX level of the serving cell.
– MS_TXPWR_MAX: indicates the maximum allowed transmit power of an MS in the
serving cell.
– MS_TXPWR_MAX (n): indicates the maximum allowed transmit power of an MS in
neighboring cell n.
– RxLev_NCELL (n): indicates the downlink receive level in neighboring cell n.
– PWR_DIFF: indicates the difference between the maximum downlink transmit power
in the serving cell due to power control and the actual downlink transmit power in the
serving cell.
– P: indicates the maximum transmit power of an MS.
– PBGT_HO_MARGIN: indicates PBGT HO Threshold minus 64.
The PBGT handover can be triggered only when all the previous conditions are met.

The target cell should meet the following conditions:
l The target cell and the serving cell are at the same layer and have the same priority.
AMR Handover
The AMR handover in handover algorithm I is performed on AMR calls on the basis of radio
quality indication (RQI). It consists of the AMR TCHF-TCHH handover and the AMR TCHH-
TCHF handover.
The conversion formula between RQI and C/I is RQI = 2 x C/I.
Triggering Conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH Handover

The triggering conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH handover are as follows:
l Intracell F-H HO Allowed is set to Yes.
l The target call is an AMR call.
l The half-rate function must be enabled in the cell where the call is initiated.
l The full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 must be supported by the cell
where the call is initiated.
l The type of channel specified by the MSC during a call can be changed during a handover.
l For an AMR FR call, if AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed is set to Yes and the cell load is
greater than AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold, the handover is allowed.

l The call occupies the full-rate TCH. The RQI is greater than F2H HO Threshold and the
cell load is greater than AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold.
For an AMR FR call, the AMR TCHF-TCHH handover can be performed if the preceding
conditions are met for Intracell F-H HO Last Time(s) within Intracell F-H HO Stat Time
(s).
Triggering Conditions of AMR TCHH-TCHF Handover

The triggering conditions of AMR TCHH-TCHF handover are as follows:
l Intracell F-H HO Allowed is set to Yes.
l The target call is an AMR call.
l The half-rate function must be enabled in the cell where the call is initiated.
l The full-rate speech version 3 and half-rate speech version 3 must be supported by the cell
where the call is initiated.
l The type of channel specified by the MSC during a call can be changed during a handover.
l The call occupies the half-rate TCH. The RQI is smaller than H2F HO Threshold.
For an AMR HR call, the AMR TCHH-TCHF handover can be performed if the preceding
conditions are met for Intracell F-H HO Last Time(s) within Intracell F-H HO Stat Time
(s).

The AMR handover is an intra-cell handover. Therefore, only the serving cell can be selected
as the target cell.
Other Handovers
Other handovers here refer to better 3G cell handover and tight BCCH handover.
Better 3G Cell Handover

See 2G/3G Interoperability.
Tight BCCH Handover

See BCCH Dense Frequency Multiplexing.
1.3.5 Handover Decision Based on Handover Algorithm II

Handover decision based on handover algorithm II is made in the following order: forced
handover, emergency handover, intra-cell handover, and inter-cell handover.
Handover decision based on handover algorithm II involves the following procedures:
l Determining whether the serving cell meets the triggering conditions
l Selecting corresponding candidate cell list for each handover type
l Performing the comprehensive decision and determining the candidate neighboring cells

The procedure for performing comprehensive decision based on handover results and
determining the candidate neighboring cells is as follows:
1. The BSC selects a handover type with the highest priority from all the handovers that can
be performed on each neighboring cell.
The handover priority is as follows:
l Forced handover, emergency handover, and interference handover have a high priority.
Figure 1-11 shows the details.
Figure 1-11 Handovers with high priority
Handover decision with

high priority
Forced handover
Directed retry
Quick handover
TA handover
Interference
BQ handover
Edge handover
NOTE
Quick handover is classified into frequency offset handover and quick PBGT handover.
Frequency offset handover has a higher priority than quick PBGT handover.
l Intra-cell handover (excluding interference handover) and inter-cell handover have a
normal priority. Figure 1-12 shows the details.
NOTE
AMR handover has the same priority as TCHF-TCHH handover.

Figure 1-12 Handovers with normal priority
Handover decision
with normal priority
Fast-moving micro cell
handover
Enhanced dual-band
network handover
Load handover
Better cell handover
Concentric cell handover
AMR handover
TIGHT BCCH handover
2. The BSC ranks the candidate cells according to the network characteristics adjustment
algorithm and then generates the final candidate cell list. Every neighboring cell in the
candidate cell list has its own handover decision. Neighboring 2G cells and neighboring
3G cells are ranked separately.
3. In handover algorithm II, Inter-RAT HO Preference specifies whether a neighboring 2G
or a neighboring 3G cell is preferred.
l When Inter-RAT HO Preference is set to Preference for 2G Cell By Threshold:
If the RX level of a candidate 2G cell is lower than or equal to HO Preference
Threshold for 2G Cell, a neighboring 3G cell is preferred.
NOTE
When a neighboring 3G cell is preferred among the candidate cells, the priority of 3G better cell handover
is the lowest.
If the triggering conditions of emergency handover are met and there is at least one candidate
cell, then the emergency handover timer Min Interval for Emerg.HOs is started. Another
emergency handover decision can be performed only when Min Interval for Emerg.HOs times
out.

Quick Handover
Quick handover aims to increase the handover success rate of an MS moving at a high speed
and to ensure the call continuity and low call drop rate. Quick handover applies to the scenario
where an MS moves fast along an urban backbone road, a selected route, or a high-speed railroad.
Quick Handover Types

Quick handover consists of frequency offset handover and quick PBGT handover.
l Frequency offset handover
Whether the MS is moving away from the serving cell is determined based on the frequency
offset information provided by an MS moving at a high speed. Frequency offset handover
decision is made according to the uplink/downlink RX level of the serving cell and the path
loss of neighboring cells.
l Quick PBGT handover
Quick PBGT handover decision is made according to the path loss of neighboring cells.
For quick handover, the handover response speed is enhanced by:
l Accurately calculating the moving speed of the MS
l Derestricting the interval between handover decisions
l Reducing the number of measurement reports for the handover decision
l Introducing the α filtering
Quick Handover Preparation

The preparation for quick handover involves the following aspects:
l Frequency offset is decoded from the measurement report.
Frequency offset of the MS is obtained from the uplink measurement report that the BTS
sends to the BSC.
l α filtering is performed on the measurement report.
During handover decision, whether the triggering conditions of frequency offset handover are
met is determined first. When the BTS cannot send the frequency offset information or the
reported frequency offset information is invalid, quick PBGT handover is triggered if other
conditions of frequency offset handover are met.
If Quick Handover Enable is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of quick handover are as
follows:
l The MS is moving away from the serving cell (the frequency offset in the measurement
result is a negative value) and the moving speed of the MS is greater than Quick Move
Speed Threshold(m/s).
l The filtered uplink level of the serving cell is lower than Quick Handover Up Trigger
Level(dB).
l The compensated downlink level of the serving cell is lower than Quick Handover Down
Trigger Level(dB).

l The path loss of configured chain neighboring cells is lower than the specified threshold
of the path loss of the serving cell. In other words, PBGT(n) is greater than or equal to 0.
The triggering conditions of quick handover are as follows:
l If the last three conditions are met simultaneously, the decision is made as follows:
– If the first condition is met, a frequency offset handover is performed.
– If the first condition is not met, a quick PBGT handover is performed.
l If all the last three conditions are not met, quick handover is not triggered.

The target cell must be a chain neighboring cell of the serving cell. The Chain Neighbor Cell
parameter specifies whether a neighboring cell is a chain neighboring cell.
Limitations
The limitations on quick handover are as follows:

l The candidate cells for quick handover must be chain neighboring cells of the serving cell.
Each cell can be configured with a maximum of three chain neighboring cells.
l After a quick handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell during
the penalty time to prevent an immediate handover back to the original cell. The penalty
time and penalty value are specified by Quick Handover Punish Time(s) and Quick
Handover Punish Value(dB) respectively.
TA Handover
Timing Advance (TA) handover is a type of emergency handover. The TA handover decision
is made according to the TA value reported by the MS.
The TA value of a normal cell ranges from 0 to 63 and that of an extended cell ranges from 0 to
229. The TA can be stepped up or down in steps of 553.5 m. The TA value of 63 corresponds
to a distance of 35 km.
TA handover is triggered when the following conditions are met:
l TA HO Allowed is set to Yes.

l Filtered TA value in the measurement report provided by the MS is greater than or equal
to TA Threshold.
The TA handover can be triggered only when the preceding two conditions are met
simultaneously.
NOTE
From the perspective of the triggering conditions of TA handover, TA can be regarded as a limitation to
the size of a cell.


preprocessing. In addition, the target cell should meet the following limitations:

l If TA Threshold of a co-site neighboring cell is lower than or equal to the TA
Threshold of the serving cell, a handover to the neighboring cell is prohibited.
l In handover algorithm II, a cell becomes the target cell for TA handover if the previous
conditions are met for TA HO Valid Time(0.5s) within TA HO Watch Time(0.5s).
If the triggering conditions of TA handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable,

Limitations
After the TA handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell. During Penalty
Time after TA HO(s), Penalty Level after TA HO is subtracted from the level of the original
BQ Handover
Bad Quality (BQ) handover is a type of emergency handover in which the system makes the
decision based on the uplink/downlink RX quality on the Um interface.
RX quality is represented by bit error rate (BER). The BSC measures the quality of a radio link
based on the quality class in the measurement report. The probable cause of an increase in BER
is that the signal power is too low or the channel interference increases.
If BQ HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of BQ handover are as follows:
l The uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to the uplink RX quality threshold of the
serving cell.
l The downlink RX quality is greater than or equal to the downlink RX quality threshold of
the serving cell.
The BQ handover is triggered when either of the preceding conditions is met.
l For non-AMR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is UL
Qual. Threshold and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold is
DL Qual. Threshold.

l For AMR FR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is
ULQuaLimitAMRFR and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality threshold
is DLQuaLimitAMRFR.
l For AMR HR calls, the parameter for specifying the uplink RX quality threshold is
ULQuaLimitAMRHR and the parameter for specifying the downlink RX quality
threshold is DLQuaLimitAMRHR.

l In handover algorithm II, the serving cell cannot be selected as the target cell.
l The RX level of target cell must meet the following conditions:
– The serving cell and the target cell work in the same frequency.
Filtered downlink RX level of the target cell > Filtered downlink RX level of the serving
cell + Inter-cell HO Hysteresis of the serving cell configured for the neighboring cell
- BQ HO Margin + 64
– The serving cell works in GSM900 and the target cell works in DCS1800.
Filtered downlink RX level of the target cell ≥ Inter-layer HO Threshold + (Inter-
layer HO Hysteresis - 64).
– The serving cell works in DCS1800 and the target cell works in GSM900.
There is no constraint on the target cell in this condition.
l In handover algorithm II, a cell becomes the target cell for BQ handover if the previous
conditions are met for BQ HO Valid Time(0.5s) within BQ HO Watch Time(0.5s).
If the triggering conditions of BQ handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable,
Limitations
After the BQ handover is successful, the penalty is performed on the original cell. During Penalty
Time after BQ HO(s), Penalty Level after BQ HO is subtracted from the level of the original
Interference Handover
Interference handover is a type of intra-cell handover in handover algorithm II.

Interference handover helps protect the interfered calls and reduce the network interference. It
is applicable to scenarios with interference.
In handover algorithm II, the BQ handover is a type of emergency handover and the interference
handover is a type of intra-cell handover.

If Intracell HO Allowed is set to Yes and Interference HO Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering
conditions of interference handover are as follows:
l The filtered value of uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to the specified RX quality
threshold at the current uplink RX level.
l The filtered value of downlink RX quality is greater than or equal to the specified RX
quality threshold at the current downlink RX level.
In handover algorithm II, the interference handover is triggered when the previous conditions
are met for Interfere HO Valid Time(0.5s) within Interfere HO Static Time(0.5s).
l For non-AMR FR calls, the parameter for specifying the RX quality threshold is
RXQUALn, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 12.
l For AMR FR calls, the parameters for specifying the RX quality threshold are
RXQUALn (1 ≤ n ≤ 12) and RXLEVOff.
– If n = 1, the RX quality threshold is RXQUAL1.
– If 2 ≤ n ≤ 12, the RX quality threshold is RXQUALn + RXLEVOff.

In handover algorithm II, only the serving cell can be selected as the target cell.
Limitations
In handover algorithm II, if an interference handover is initiated, it cannot be initiated again
within Penalty Time on Interfere HO regardless of whether the handover is successful.
Handover Due to No Downlink Measurement Report
Handover due to no downlink measurement report is performed on the basis of the uplink quality.
The purpose is to ensure the call continuity and minimize the possibility of call drops.
Handover due to no downlink measurement report is generally caused by adverse radio

environment on the uplink. In this case, the requirements of the filtering algorithm cannot be
met, so other handover decisions cannot be performed.
In handover algorithm II, the triggering conditions of handover due to no downlink measurement
report are as follows:
l No Dl Mr.HO Allowed is set to Yes.

l There is no downlink information in the measurement report of the call.
l The number of lost downlink MRs is smaller than Cons.No Dl Mr.HO Allowed Limit.
l For TCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink quality value is greater than Filter Length
for TCH Qual; for SDCCH, the number of saved MRs with uplink quality value is greater
than Filter Length for SDCCH Qual.

l The filtered value of uplink RX quality is greater than or equal to UL Qual. Threshold.
– For AMR FR calls, the corresponding parameter is ULQuaLimitAMRFR.
– For AMR HR calls, the corresponding parameter is ULQuaLimitAMRHR.
When all the previous conditions are met, the handover due to no downlink measurement report
is triggered.

In handover algorithm II, the conditions for selecting the target cell are as follows:
l The ranked neighboring cells recorded in the last complete measurement report are saved
as candidate cells.
l Only a neighboring cell can serve as the target cell.
l RX level in neighboring cell > Filtered RX level in serving cell + Inter-cell HO
Hysteresis - BQ HO Margin + 64
l A neighboring cell serves as the target cell if the previous conditions are met for UL BQ
HO Last Time(0.5s) within UL BQ HO Static Time(0.5s).
Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover
Enhanced dual-band network handover is performed based on the traffic volume of the overlaid
and underlaid cells and based on the receive level.
Enhanced dual-band network handover is classified into the following types:
l Handover due to high load in the underlaid cell
l Handover due to low load in the underlaid cell
l Handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to High Load in the Underlaid Cell

The triggering conditions of the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
l The two cells are in the enhanced dual-band network and Load HO From UL Subcell to
OL Subcell Allowed is set to Yes.
l The MS supports the frequency band on which the overlaid cell operates.
l The handover due to high load in the underlaid cell is performed only on TCHs.
l The load in the underlaid cell is higher than or equal to UL Subcell General Overload
Threshold(%).
l The load in the overlaid cell is lower than Inner Cell Serious OverLoad Threshold(%).
And OL Subcell HO.
to Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB).
When all the preceding conditions are met, the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell
is triggered.
If the load of the underlaid subcell in the cell is higher than or equal to UL Subcell Serious
Overload Threshold(%), then the handover margin is adjusted in a period of UL Subcell Load

Hierarchical HO Period(s) subtracted by Modified Step Length of UL Load HO Period(s).

The step length for handover margin adjustment is specified by Step Length of UL Subcell
Load HO(dB).
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to Low Load in the Underlaid Cell

The triggering conditions of the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
l The load in the underlaid cell is lower than UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold(%).
And OL Subcell HO.
to Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB).
When all the preceding conditions are met, the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell is
triggered.
If the load of the underlaid subcell is lower than UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold(%) for a
specified period, then the handover margin is adjusted in a period of OL Subcell Load Diversity
HO Period(s). The step length for handover margin adjustment is specified by Step Length of
OL Subcell Load HO(dB).
Triggering Conditions of Handover Due to MS Movement to the Border of the

Overlaid Cell
The triggering conditions of the handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid
cell are as follows:
l SS(s) < Thdouter

l SS(u) - SS(n) < ATCB_THRD - ATCB_HYST
Here,
– SS(s): specifies the filtering compensated downlink RX level in the serving cell.
– Thdouter: specifies Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB).
– SS(u): specifies the downlink level (power compensation is performed on the downlink
level based on the measurement) of the underlaid cell where the call is originated. If the
SS(u) value cannot be obtained, you can infer that the decision of enhanced dual-band
network handover is not performed and the decision condition is met by default.
– SS(n): The best neighboring cell is the one whose measured BCCH level is the highest
among neighboring cells. SS(n) is the signal level of the best neighboring cell that
operates on the same frequency band, locates at the same layer, and has the same priority
as the underlaid cell but is not co-sited with the underlaid cell. If such a neighboring
cell is not available, the value of SS(n) is -110 dBm.
– ATCB_THRD: specifies Distance Between Boundaries of UL And OL Subcells
(dB).
– ATCB_HYST: specifies Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries of UL And OL
Subcells(dB).
Handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell is triggered if either of
the preceding conditions is met.

NOTE
l In the ATCB handover algorithm, the border between the overlaid and underlaid cells is determined
according to the signal strength of the serving cell and that of neighboring cells. If SS(s) = SS(n), the
system considers that the MS is located at the border of the underlaid cell. If SS(s) - SS(n) >
ATCB_THRD, the system considers that the MS is located in the coverage area of the overlaid cell.
The coverage area of the overlaid cell is determined according to different networking and coverage
conditions of the existing network. In addition, the overlaid cell of the serving cells and the overlaid
cell of the neighboring cells will not overlap regardless of the distance between BTSs.
l The handover margin specifies the range of signal level. In the case of overlaid/underlaid load handover
on the enhanced dual-band network, the MSs whose downlink levels are within the handover margin
are handed over level by level.

The requirements for target cell selection in the enhanced dual-band network are as follows:
l For the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell, the MS must be handed over to the
overlaid cell.
l For the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell, the MS must be handed over to the
underlaid cell.
l For the handover due to MS movement in the overlaid subcell, the MS must be handed
over to the underlaid cell.
Limitations
The limitations on the handover due to high load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
l If the cell where the call is located is on an enhanced dual-band network, Attributes of UL
And OL Subcells is set to Underlaid Subcell.
l The Load HO From UL Subcell to OL Subcell Allowed parameter should be set.
l The maximum range of the handover margin is from 63 to Incoming OL Subcell HO level
Threshold(dB). The MS with the highest receive level is handed over first.
The limitations on the handover due to low load in the underlaid cell are as follows:
l The Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell Enabled parameter should be set.
l The maximum range of the handover margin is from 63 to Outgoing OL Subcell HO level
Threshold(dB). The MS with the lowest receive level is handed over first.
The limitations on the handover due to MS movement to the border of the overlaid cell are as
follows:
Impact of the Enhanced Dual-Band Network Handover on the Existing Algorithm

The impact of the enhanced dual-band network handover on the existing algorithm is as follows:
On the enhanced dual-band network, the MS should not be handed over to a cell in the same
underlaid/overlaid cell group when the load handovers between the overlaid cell and the
underlaid cell (specified by Load HO From UL Subcell to OL Subcell Allowed and Load HO

of OL Subcell to UL Subcell Enabled) are allowed. This is to prevent a load handover of a

normal cell from colliding with a load handover between the overlaid cell and the underlaid cell
on the network.
Load Handover
In handover algorithm II, load handover is not decided independently.

In handover algorithm II, the load handover decision is made in network adjustment phase. The
selection of target cell should be processed by the better cell handover. That is, the load handover
is triggered when the triggering conditions of load handover and better cell handover are met
simultaneously.
See Load Handover for the triggering conditions of load handover. See Better Cell
Handover for the triggering conditions of better cell handover.
Edge Handover
Edge handover is performed on the basis of receive level.

To trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the target cell should be at least one hysteresis
value (specified by Inter-cell HO Hysteresis) greater than the receive level of the serving cell.
If Edge Handover Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of edge handover are as
follows:
l Either of the following conditions is met.
– The filtered downlink RX level of the serving cell is lower than Edge HO DL RX_LEV
Threshold.
– The filtered uplink RX level of the serving cell is lower than Edge HO UL RX_LEV
Threshold.
l RX level of the neighboring cell > RX level of the serving cell + Inter-cell HO Hysteresis
An edge handover is triggered when the P/N criterion is met, that is, when the previous conditions
are met for Edge HO Valid Time(s) within Edge HO Watch Time(s).
Figure 1-13 shows the edge handover.
Figure 1-13 Edge handover
Cell 1 Cell 2
-97 dBm -85 dBm


The target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate cells. In addition, it should
meet the following conditions:

A cell becomes the target cell if the previous conditions are met for Edge HO AdjCell Valid
Time(s) within Edge HO AdjCell Watch Time(s).
If the triggering conditions of edge handover are met but the candidate 2G cells are not suitable,

to initiate another type of handover is made.
Fast-Moving Micro Cell Handover
Fast-moving micro cell handover is performed from a micro cell to a macro cell according to
the relative speed of an MS so that the number of handovers can be minimized.
Fast-moving micro cell handover applies to the following scenarios:
l If an MS is moving fast in a micro cell, it is handed over to a macro cell.

l To prevent an MS that is moving fast in a macro cell from entering a micro cell, time penalty
is performed on the micro cell so that the fast-moving MS camps on the macro cell.
Figure 1-14 shows the fast-moving micro cell handover.
Figure 1-14 Fast-moving micro cell handover
Umbrella cell
Micro cell

If MS Fast Moving HO Allowed is set to Yes, the handover decision procedure of fast-moving
micro cell handover is as follows:
1. When the triggering conditions of edge handover or PBGT handover are met, the fast-
moving micro cell handover decision is started.
2. When the period during which the MS camps on the serving cell is shorter than MS Fast-
moving Time Threshold(s), the number of cells through which the fast-moving MS passes
is incremented by one.
NOTE
The cells counted by the system must locate at a layer lower than layer 4. In other words, they must
be non-Umbrella cells.
3. When the number of cells that the MS passes in fast movement reaches MS Fast-moving
Watch Cells, the fast-moving micro cell handover is triggered if the number of cells that
the MS passes in fast movement counted by the system is greater than or equal to MS Fast-
moving Valid Cells.

In handover algorithm II, the target cell should have the highest priority among the candidate
cells. In addition, the target cell should meet the following conditions:
l The target cell must be at layer 4, that is, Umbrella cell.
l Filtered RX level of the target cell ≥ Inter-layer HO Threshold + Adjacent Cell Inter-
layer HO Hysteresis - 64
l A neighboring cell serves as the target cell if the previous conditions are met for HCS HO
Valid Time(0.5s) within HCS HO Watch Time(0.5s).
Limitations
After the fast-moving micro cell handover is successful, the penalty is performed on all the
neighboring micro cells. During Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO(s), Penalty on MS Fast
Moving HO is subtracted from the RX level of every neighboring micro cell.
Cell Layer and Cell Priority

Through Huawei multiband handover algorithm, a proper traffic volume distribution can be
realized among multiple frequency bands.
Huawei multiband handover algorithm divides cells into four layers, with 16 priorities at each
layer. The Layer of the Cell parameter specifies at which layer a cell is located. This algorithm
is applicable to complex networking scenarios. Figure 1-15 shows the cell layers.

Figure 1-15 Cell layers
GSM900
Umbrella Cell Layer 4
GSM900 GSM900 GSM900

Macro Cell Layer 3
DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800

Micro Cell Layer 2
GSM900 GSM900 GSM900 GSM900
DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800 DCS1800

Pico Cell Layer 1
In Huawei multiband handover algorithm, a GSM network covering a certain area is divided
into four layers, which are:
l Layer 4: Umbrella cell. The umbrella cells are generally GSM900 cells having the wide
coverage feature. It also implements fast MS connection.
l Layer 3: Macro cell. The macro cells are generally GSM900 cells, which are commonly
used in current GSM system and serve majority of subscribers.
l Layer 2: Micro cell. The micro cells are generally DCS1800 cells having the small coverage
feature. They enable capacity expansion.
l Layer 1: Pico cell. The pico cells are generally DCS1800 cells, which are used in hot spots
and blind spots.
The cell at the lower layer has a higher priority.
Better Cell Handover
Better cell handover is optimized from inter-layer handover and PBGT handover in handover
algorithm I, and performs handover decision based on handover algorithm II.
If Better Cell Handover Enable is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of better cell handover
are as follows:
l If Pathloss Ho. Enable is set to Yes, the serving cell and the target cell are ranked based
on the path loss; if Pathloss Ho. Enable is set to No, pathloss is not taken into consideration
during the sorting of serving cells and target cells.

l The target cell meets the preceding conditions for Better Cell HO Valid Time(s) within
Better Cell HO Watch Time(s).

The requirements for target cell selection are as follows:

Handover Between a Full-Rate TCH and a Half-Rate TCH
Handover between a full-rate TCH and a half-rate TCH performs decision based on handover
algorithm II.
Types of handover between a full-rate TCH and a half-rate TCH are as follows:
l AMR TCHF-TCHH handover and non-AMR TCHF-TCHH handover

The purpose is to absorb more MSs and to reduce the cell congestion if the cell load is high.
l AMR TCHH-TCHF handover and non-AMR TCHH-TCHF handover
The purpose is to improve the speech quality of the call if the cell load is low.
Triggering Conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH Handover

If the IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of
AMR TCHF-TCHH handover are as follows:
l Speech Version used by the call is full-rate speech version 3.

l Downlink path loss of the call ≤ IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Pathloss
Threshold + path loss handover margin
l ATCB of the call ≥ IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho ATCB Threshold – ATCB
handover margin
l Uplink signal quality of the call ≤ IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Qual. Threshold
l Downlink signal quality of the call ≤ IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Qual.
Threshold
l The preceding conditions are met for IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Last Time(s) within
IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Stat Time(s).
Triggering Conditions of Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Handover

If the IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions
of non-AMR TCHF-TCHH handover are as follows:
l Speech Version used by the call is full-rate speech version 1 or full-rate speech version 2.
l Downlink path loss of the call ≤ IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Pathloss
Threshold + path loss handover margin
l ATCB of the call ≥ IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho ATCB Threshold – ATCB
handover margin

l Uplink signal quality of the call ≤ IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Qual.

Threshold
l Downlink signal quality ≤ IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Qual. Threshold
l The preceding conditions are met for IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Last Time(s) within
IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Stat Time(s).
Triggering Conditions of AMR TCHH-TCHF Handover

If IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Allowed is set to Yes or IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF
Qual Ho Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of AMR TCHF-TCHH handover are
as follows:
l Speech Version used by the call is half-rate speech version 3.

l Downlink path loss ≤ IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Pathloss Threshold
l ATCB of the call ≤ IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho ATCB Threshold
l Uplink signal quality ≥ IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Qual. Threshold
l Downlink signal quality of the call ≥ IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Qual.
Threshold
l The AMR TCHH-TCHF handover is triggered if either of the preceding conditions is met
for IntraCell TCHH-TCHF Ho Last Time(s) within IntraCell TCHH-TCHF Ho Stat
Time(s) and Speech Version is half-rate speech version 3.
Triggering Conditions of Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Handover

If IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Allowed is set to Yes or IntraCell Non-AMR
TCHH-TCHF Qual. Ho Allowed is set to Yes, the triggering conditions of non-AMR TCHF-
TCHH handover are as follows:
l Speech Version used by the call is half-rate speech version 1.

l Downlink path loss of the call ≤ IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Pathloss
Threshold
l ATCB of the call ≤ IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho ATCB Threshold
l Uplink signal quality of the call ≥ IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Qual.
Threshold
l Downlink signal quality of the call ≥ IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Qual.
Threshold
l The non-AMR TCHH-TCHF handover is triggered if either of the preceding conditions is
met for IntraCell TCHH-TCHF Ho Last Time(s) within IntraCell TCHH-TCHF Ho
Stat Time(s) and Speech Version is half-rate speech version 1.

Only the serving cell can be selected as the target cell of the TCHF-TCHH handover.
Other Handovers
Other handovers here refer to better 3G cell handover and tight BCCH handover.

Better 3G Cell Handover

See 2G/3G Interoperability.
Tight BCCH Handover

See BCCH Dense Frequency Multiplexing.
1.4 Maintenance Information
Parameters
Table 1-4 lists the parameters related to handover.
Table 1-4 Parameters related to handover
Name Effective Level
HO Control Switch Cell
Power boost before HO enabled or not Cell
MR.Preprocessing Cell
Transfer Original MR Cell
Transfer BS/MS Power Class Cell
Sent Freq.of preprocessed MR Cell
Measurement Report Type Cell
DtxMeasUsed Cell
Allowed M.R Number Lost Cell
Filter Length for SDCCH Level. Cell
Filter Length for TCH Level. Cell
Filter Length for SDCCH Qual Cell
Filter Length for TCH Qual Cell
Filter Length for TA Cell
TA Filter Length for SDCCH Level Cell
Filter Length for Ncell RX_LEV Cell
NCell Filter Length for SDCCH Level Cell
Quick Handover Punish Time(s) Cell
Quick Handover Punish Value(dB) Cell
Penalty Time after TA HO(s) Cell

Penalty Time after BQ HO(s) Cell
Penalty Value on Load HO Cell
Penalty Level after TA HO Cell
Penalty Level after BQ HO Cell
Penalty on Fast Moving Handover Cell
Penalty Time on Fast Moving HO(s) Cell
Penalty Time after AMR TCHF-H HO Fail(s) Cell
Penalty Time on Interfere HO Cell
Penalty Time of UtoO HO(s) Cell
Inter UL And OL Subcells HO Penalty Time(s) Cell
Penalty Level after HO Fail Cell
UmPenaltyTimer Cell
RscPenaltyTimer Cell
CfgPenaltyTimer Cell
Penalty Time after OtoU HO Fail(s) Cell
Penalty Time after UtoO HO Fail(s) Cell
Inter-BSC SDCCH HO ALLowed Cell
Min DL level on Candidate Cell Cell
Min Access Level Offset Cell
Min UP Power on HO Candidate Cell Cell
Min Ec/No Threshold Cell
FDD REP QUANT Cell
Min RSCP Threshold Cell
Penalty Time on Load HO Cell
Directed Retry Permitted Cell
Inter-RAT HO Preference Cell
Min Interval for Emerg.HOs Cell
HO Preference Threshold for 2G Cell Cell
Quick Handover Enable Cell
Quick Move Speed Threshold(m/s) Cell

Quick Handover Up Trigger Level(dB) Cell
Quick Handover Down Trigger Level(dB) Cell
Chain Neighbor Cell Cell
TA HO Allowed Cell
TA Threshold Cell
Inter-RAT In BSC Handover Enable Cell
Inter-RAT Cell Reselection Enable Cell
BQ HO Allowed Cell
UL Qual. Threshold Cell
DL Qual. Threshold Cell
ULQuaLimitAMRFR Cell
DLQuaLimitAMRFR Cell
ULQuaLimitAMRHR Cell
DLQuaLimitAMRHR Cell
Inter-cell HO Hysteresis Cell
BQ HO Margin Cell
Intracell HO Allowed Cell
Rx_Level_Drop HO Allowed Cell
Edge HO UL RX_LEV Threshold Cell
Filter Parameter A1 Cell
Filter Parameter B Cell
Interference HO Allowed Cell
RXQUAL1 Cell

RXQUAL2 Cell
RXQUAL3 Cell
RXQUAL4 Cell
RXQUAL5 Cell
RXQUAL6 Cell
RXQUAL7 Cell
RXQUAL8 Cell
RXQUAL9 Cell
RXQUAL10 Cell
RXQUAL11 Cell
RXQUAL12 Cell
RXLEVOff Cell
Forbidden time after MAX Times Cell
Inter-layer HO Threshold Cell
Inter-cell HO Hysteresis Cell
No Dl Mr.HO Allowed Cell
No Dl Mr.Ul Qual HO Limit Cell
Cons.No Dl Mr.HO Allowed Limit Cell
Load HO From UL Subcell to OL Subcell Allowed Cell
UL Subcell General Overload Threshold(%) Cell
Inner Cell Serious OverLoad Threshold(%) Cell
Allowed Flow Control Level of UL And OL Subcell HO Cell
UL Subcell Serious Overload Threshold(%) Cell
UL Subcell Load Hierarchical HO Period(s) Cell
Modified Step Length of UL Load HO Period(s) Cell
Step Length of UL Subcell Load HO(dB) Cell
UL Subcell Lower Load Threshold(%) Cell
Allowed Flow Control Level of UL And OL Subcell HO Cell
Outgoing OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB) Cell
Distance Between Boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB) Cell

Distance Hysteresis Between Boundaries of UL And OL Subcells(dB) Cell
Incoming OL Subcell HO level Threshold(dB) Cell
Load HO of OL Subcell to UL Subcell Enabled Cell
HW_Concentric Attribute Cell
Edge HO DL RX_LEV Threshold Cell
Load HO Threshold(%) Cell
Load Req.on Candidate Cell(%) Cell
Load HO Step Level Cell
Load HO Bandwidth Cell
Load HO Allowed Cell
System Flux Threshold for Load HO Cell
Edge Handover Allowed Cell
Edge HO Watch Time(s) Cell
Edge HO Valid Time(s) Cell
MS Fast Moving HO Allowed Cell
MS Fast-moving Time Threshold Cell
MS Fast-moving Watch Cells Cell
MS Fast-moving Valid Cells Cell
Layer of the Cell Cell
Level HO Allowed Cell
Layer HO Watch Time(s) Cell
Layer HO Valid Time(s) Cell
PBGT HO Allowed Cell
PBGT Watch Time(s) Cell
PBGT Valid Time(s) Cell
PBGT HO Threshold Cell
Penalty Allowed Cell
Penalty Time on Interfere HO Cell
TA HO Watch Time(Num of MR)(0.5s) Cell
TA HO Valid Time(0.5s) Cell

BQ HO Watch Time(0.5s) Cell
BQ HO Valid Time(0.5s) Cell
Interfere HO Static Time(0.5s) Cell
Interfere HO Valid Time(0.5s) Cell
UL BQ HO Static Time(0.5s) Cell
UL BQ HO Last Time(0.5s) Cell
HCS HO Watch Time(0.5s) Cell
HCS HO Valid Time(0.5s) Cell
Better Cell Handover Enable Cell
Better Cell HO Watch Time(s) Cell
Pathloss Ho. Enable Cell
Better Cell HO Valid Time(s) Cell
IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Allowed Cell
IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Pathloss Threshold Cell
IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho ATCB Threshold Cell
IntraCell AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Qual. Threshold Cell
IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Stat Time(s) Cell
IntraCell TCHF-TCHH Ho Last Time(s) Cell
IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Allowed Cell
IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Pathloss Threshold Cell
IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho ATCB Threshold Cell
IntraCell Non-AMR TCHF-TCHH Ho Qual. Threshold Cell
IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Qual Ho Allowed Cell
IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Pathloss Threshold Cell
IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho ATCB Threshold Cell
IntraCell AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Qual. Threshold Cell
IntraCell TCHH-TCHF Ho Stat Time(s) Cell
IntraCell TCHH-TCHF Ho Last Time(s) Cell
IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Qual. Ho Allowed Cell
IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Pathloss Threshold Cell

IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho ATCB Threshold Cell
IntraCell Non-AMR TCHH-TCHF Ho Qual. Threshold Cell
Intracell F-H HO Allowed Cell
AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed Cell
AMR TCH/H Prior Cell Load Threshold Cell
F2H HO Threshold Cell
Intracell F-H HO Last Time(s) Cell
Intracell F-H HO Stat Time(s) Cell
H2F HO Threshold Cell
Attributes of UL And OL Subcells Cell
OL Subcell Load Diversity HO Period(s) Cell
Step Length of OL Subcell Load HO(dB) Cell
Inter-layer HO Hysteresis Cell
Inter-BSC Load Handover Allowed Cell
Counters
Table 1-5 lists the counters related to handover.
Table 1-5 Counters related to handover
Counter ID Counter Name
H3000 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (SDCCH)
H3009 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (TCH)
H3010 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (SDCCH)
H3017 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (TCHF)
H3018 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (TCHH)
H3020 Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (SDCCH)
H3029 Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (TCH)
H3020A Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Channel

Unavailable) (SDCCH)

Unavailable) (TCH)

H302B Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Terrestrial

Resource Request Failed)
H302G Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (A Interface

Failure)
H3020C Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired)

(SDCCH)
H3027Cb Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired)

(TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3028Cb Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired)

(TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3027Ca Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired)

(TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3028Ca Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Timer Expired)

(TCHH) (Traffic Channel)
H302Da Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Abnormal Release, Unspecified)
H302Db Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Abnormal Release, Channel
Unacceptable)
H302Dc Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Abnormal Release, Timer
Expired)
H302Dd Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Abnormal Release, No Activity on
the Radio Path)
H302De Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Preemptive Release)
H302Df Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Handover Failed, Timing Advance
out of Range)
H302Dg Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Channel Mode Unavailable)
H302Dh Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Frequency Unavailable)
H302Di Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Call Already Cleared)
H302Dj Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Semantically Incorrect Message)

H302Dk Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Invalid Mandatory Information)
H302Dl Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Message Type Non-existent or Not
Implemented)
H302Dm Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Message Type Not Compatible
with Protocol State)
H302Dn Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Conditional IE Error)
H302Do Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (No Cell Allocation Available)
H302Dp Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Protocol Error Unspecified)
H302Dq Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Reconnection

to Old Channels) (Other Causes)
H3002 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Underlay to

Overlay)
H3001 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Overlay to

Underlay)
H3012 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (Underlay

to Overlay)
H3011 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (Overlay to

Underlay)

Unavailable) (Underlay to Overlay)

Unavailable) (Overlay to Underlay)
H3022M Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Other Causes)

(Underlay to Overlay)
H3021M Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Other Causes)

(Overlay to Underlay)
H3003A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Dynamic

Conversion, TCHF-TCHH)
H3003B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Dynamic

Conversion, TCHH-TCHF)
H3004A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Dynamic

Conversion, TCH-SDCCH)

H3004B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (Dynamic

Conversion, SDCCH-TCH)
H3013A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (Dynamic

H3013B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (Dynamic

H3014A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (Dynamic

H3014B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (Dynamic

H3023A Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Dynamic

H3023B Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Dynamic

H3024A Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Dynamic

H3024B Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (Dynamic

H3055A Internal Intra-Cell Handovers Not Initiated (AMR)

(TCHF-TCHH)
H3055B Internal Intra-Cell Handovers Not Initiated (AMR)

(TCHH-TCHF)
H3005A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (AMR)

(TCHF-TCHH)
H3005B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Requests (AMR)

(TCHH-TCHF)
H3015A Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (AMR)

(TCHF-TCHH)
H3015B Internal Intra-Cell Handover Commands (AMR)

(TCHH-TCHF)
H3025A Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (AMR) (TCHF-

TCHH)
H3025B Failed Internal Intra-Cell Handovers (AMR)

(TCHH-TCHF)
H3040 Internal Intra-Cell Handover Detection Messages

Received by BSC (SDCCH)

Received by BSC (TCHF)


Received by BSC (TCHH)
H3200W Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3200X Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3200Y Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (900/850–1800/1900)
H3200Z Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3209W Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3209X Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3209Y Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (900/850–1800/1900)
H3209Z Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3210W Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses

(SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3210X Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3210Y Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses

(SDCCH) (900/850–1800/1900)
H3210Z Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Responses

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)

(TCHF) (900/850-900/850)

(TCHF) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(TCHF) (900/850-1800/1900)

(TCHF) (1800/1900-900/850)

(TCHH) (900/850–900/850)

(TCHH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)


(TCHH) (900/850-1800/1900)

(TCHH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3220W Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (900/850–900/850)
H3220X Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3220Y Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3220Z Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3229W Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3229X Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3229Y Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3229Z Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3220A Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No

Channel Available) (SDCCH)
H3229A Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No

Channel Available) (TCH)
H322B Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Terrestrial Resource Request Failed)
H322D Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels)
H322G Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (A

Interface Failure)
H3220C Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (SDCCH)
H3227Cb Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3228Cb Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3227Ca Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)

H3228Ca Failed Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)
H3240 Incoming Internal Inter-Cell Handover Detection

Messages Received by BSC (SDCCH)

Messages Received by BSC (TCHF)

Messages Received by BSC (TCHH)
H3100W Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (Excluding Directed Retry) (900/850–
900/850)
H3100X Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3100Y Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3100Z Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(1800/1900-900/850)

(TCHF) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(900/850-900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(TCHF) (Excluding Directed Retry) (1800/1900–
900/850)

(TCHH) (Excluding Directed Retry) (900/850–
900/850)

(TCHH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)


(1800/1900-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3110W Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

900/850)
H3110X Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3110Y Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3110Z Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(1800/1900-900/850)
H3117W Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Command

900/850)
H3117X Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Command

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3117Y Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Command

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3117Z Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Command

(1800/1900-900/850)
H3118W Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Command

900/850)
H3118X Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Command

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

H3118Y Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Command

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3118Z Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Command

(1800/1900-900/850)
H3111W Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Directed Retry) (900/850–900/850)
H3111X Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3111Y Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3111Z Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3120W Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

900/850)
H3120X Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3120Y Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3120Z Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(1800/1900-900/850)

900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

900/850)


(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H312A Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (No

Channel Available)
H312B Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

H312G Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (A

Interface Failure)
H3120C Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (SDCCH) (Excluding Directed
Retry)
H3127Cb Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3128Cb Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3127Ca Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3128Ca Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)

(Timer Expired) (Directed Retry)
H312Da Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Abnormal Release,
Unspecified)

H312Db Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Channel Unacceptable)
H312Dc Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

Timer Expired)
H312Dd Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

No Activity on the Radio Path)
H312De Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Preemptive
Release)
H312Df Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Handover Failed,
Timing Advance out of Range)
H312Dg Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Channel Mode
Unavailable)
H312Dh Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Frequency
Unavailable)
H312Di Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Call Already
Cleared)
H312Dj Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Semantically
Incorrect Message)
H312Dk Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Invalid Mandatory
Information)
H312Dl Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Message Type
Non-existent or Not Implemented)
H312Dm Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Message Type Not
Compatible with Protocol State)
H312Dn Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Conditional IE
Error)

H312Do Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (No Cell Allocation
Available)
H312Dp Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Protocol Error
Unspecified)
H312Dq Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Other Causes)
H310A Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Uplink Quality)
H310B Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Downlink Quality)
H310C Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Uplink Strength)
H310D Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Downlink Strength)
H310E Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Timing Advance)
H310F Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Better Cell)
H310G Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Load)
H310H Number of Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Requests (Rapid Level Drop)
H310I Number of Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover

Requests (MSC Intervention)
H310J Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(OM Intervention)
H310L Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Other Causes)
H311A Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Uplink Quality)
H311B Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Downlink Quality)
H311C Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Uplink Strength)
H311D Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Downlink Strength)

H311E Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Timing Advance)
H311F Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Better Cell)
H311G Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Load)
H311H Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Rapid Level Drop)
H311I Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(MSC Intervention)
H311J Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(OM Intervention)
H311L Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Other Causes)
H3122A Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Uplink Quality)
H3122B Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Downlink Quality)

(Uplink Strength)
H3122D Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Downlink Strength)
H3122E Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timing Advance)
H3122F Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Better Cell)
H3122G Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Load)
H3122H Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Rapid Level Drop)
H3122I Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (MSC

Intervention)
H3122J Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers (OM

Intervention)
H3122L Failed Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handovers

(Other Causes)
H3400W Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (900/850–900/850)

H3400X Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3400Y Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3400Z Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3409W Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3409X Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3409Y Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3409Z Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3410W Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses

(SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3410X Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3410Y Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses

(SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3410Z Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Responses

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)

(TCHF) (900/850-900/850)

(TCHF) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(TCHF) (900/850-1800/1900)

(TCHF) (1800/1900-900/850)

(TCHH) (900/850-900/850)

(TCHH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(TCHH) (900/850-1800/1900)

(TCHH) (1800/1900-900/850)

H3420W Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3420X Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3420Y Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3420Z Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(SDCCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3429W Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (900/850-900/850)
H3429X Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3429Y Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (900/850-1800/1900)
H3429Z Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(TCH) (1800/1900-900/850)
H3401B Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF Only)
H3401C Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHH Only)
H3401D Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF Preferred, Channel Type
Unchangeable)
H3401E Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHH Preferred, Channel Type
Unchangeable)
H3401G Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF Preferred, Channel Type
Changeable)
H3401H Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHH Preferred, Channel Type
Changeable)
H3401F Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF or TCHH, Channel Type
Unchangeable)
H3401I Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover TCH

Requests (TCHF or TCHH, Channel Type
Changeable)

H342I Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Invalid Message)
H3420A Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (No

Channel Available) (SDCCH)
H3429A Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (No

Channel Available) (TCH)
H342E Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (CIC

Unavailable)
H342F Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers (CIC

Allocated)
H342B Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

H342H Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC)
H3420C Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (SDCCH)
H3429Cb Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCH) (Signaling Channel)
H3429Ca Failed Incoming External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timer Expired) (TCH) (Traffic Channel)
H3440 Incoming External Inter-Cell Handover Detection

Messages Received by BSC (SDCCH)

Messages Received by BSC (TCHF)

Messages Received by BSC (TCHH)
H3300W Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

900/850)
H3300X Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3300Y Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3300Z Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(1800/1900-900/850)

H3310W Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

900/850)
H3310X Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3310Y Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3310Z Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(1800/1900-900/850)

900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (900/850–900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)


(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900–900/850)
H3320W Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

900/850)
H3320X Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(1800/1900-1800/1900)
H3320Y Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(900/850-1800/1900)
H3320Z Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(1800/1900-900/850)

900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)


(Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H330A Outgoing Internal Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Uplink Quality)
H330B Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Downlink Quality)
H330C Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Uplink Strength)
H330D Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Downlink Strength)
H330E Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Timing Advance)
H330F Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Better Cell)
H330G Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Load)
H330H Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Rapid Level Drop)
H330I Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(MSC Intervention)
H330J Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(OM Intervention)
H330L Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Other Causes)
H331A Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Uplink Quality)
H331B Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Downlink Quality)
H331C Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Uplink Strength)
H331D Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Downlink Strength)

H331E Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Timing Advance)
H331F Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Better Cell)
H331G Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Load)
H331H Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Rapid Level Drop)
H331I Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(MSC Intervention)
H331J Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(OM Intervention)
H331L Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

(Other Causes)
H3322A Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Uplink Quality)
H3322B Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Downlink Quality)
H3322C Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Uplink Strength)
H3322D Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Downlink Strength)
H3322E Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Timing Advance)
H3322F Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Better Cell)
H3322G Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Load)
H3322H Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Rapid Level Drop)
H3322I Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(MSC Intervention)
H3322J Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (OM

Intervention)
H3322L Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Other Causes)
H332Ka Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (OM Intervention)

H332Kb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Equipment Failure)
H332Kc Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (No Radio Resource
Available)
H332Kd Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Requested Terrestrial
Resource Unavailable)
H332Ke Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (BSS not Equipped)
H332Kf Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Invalid Cell)
H332Kg Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Requested
Transcoding/Rate Adaption Unavailable)
H332Kh Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Circuit Pool
Mismatch)
H332Ki Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Requested Speech
Version Unavailable)
H332Kj Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Ciphering Algorithm
not Supported)
H332Kk Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Terrestrial circuit
already allocated)
H332Kl Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Invalid Message)
H332Km Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Protocol Error
between BSS and MSC)
H332Kn Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Handover Request Rejected) (Other Causes)
H332Da Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Unspecified)
H332Db Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Channel Unacceptable)

H332Dc Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

Timer Expired)
H332Dd Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

No Activity on the Radio Path)
H332De Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Preemptive
Release)
H332Df Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Handover Failed,
Timing Advance out of Range)
H332Dg Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Channel Mode
Unavailable)
H332Dh Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Frequency
Unavailable)
H332Di Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Call Already
Cleared)
H332Dj Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Semantically
Incorrect Message)
H332Dk Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Invalid Mandatory
Information)
H332Dl Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Message Type
Non-existent or Not Implemented)
H332Dm Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Message Type Not
Compatible with Protocol State)
H332Dn Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Conditional IE
Error)
H332Do Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (No Cell Allocation
Available)

H332Dp Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Protocol Error
Unspecified)
H332Dq Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Reconnection to Old Channels) (Other Causes)
H332Ha Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Radio Interface
Message Failure)
H332Hb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Radio Interface
Failure)
H332Hc Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (OM Intervention)
H332Hd Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Equipment
Failure)
H332He Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Preemption)
H332Hf Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Invalid Message)
H332Hg Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Protocol Error
between BSS and MSC)
H332Hh Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers

(Clear Commands Sent By MSC) (Other Causes)
H332G Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (A

Interface Failure)
H3320L Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T7

Expiry) (SDCCH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
H3327Lb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T7

Expiry) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3328Lb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T7

Expiry) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3327La Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T7

Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3328La Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T7

Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)
H3321L Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T7

Expired) (Directed Retry)

H3320C Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8

Expiry) (SDCCH) (Excluding Directed Retry)
H3327Cb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8

Expiry) (TCHF) (Signaling Channel)
H3328Cb Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8

Expiry) (TCHH) (Signaling Channel)
H3327Ca Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8

Expired) (TCHF) (Traffic Channel)
H3328Ca Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8

Expired) (TCHH) (Traffic Channel)
H3321C Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers (T8

Expired) (Directed Retry)
H3303 Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Requests

(Different Signaling Points)
H3313 Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handover Commands

H3323 Failed Outgoing External Inter-Cell Handovers


900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)

(1800/1900-900/850)

900/850)

(1800/1900-1800/1900)

(900/850-1800/1900)


(1800/1900-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-900/850)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (900/850-1800/1900)

(Directed Retry) (1800/1900-900/850)
H380 Cell Incoming Handover Requests
H382A Failed Cell Incoming Handovers (Congestion)
H382M Failed Cell Incoming Handovers (Other Causes)
H371A Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Uplink

Quality)
H371B Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Downlink

Quality)
H371C Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Uplink

Strength)
H371D Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Downlink

Strength)
H371E Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Timing

Advance)
H371F Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Better Cell)
H371G Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Load)
H371H Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Rapid Level

Drop)
H371I Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (MSC

Intervention)
H371J Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (OM

Intervention)
H371L Cell Outgoing Handover Commands (Other Causes)
H372A Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Uplink Quality)
H372B Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Downlink Quality)
H372C Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Uplink Strength)

H372D Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Downlink

Strength)
H372E Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Timing Advance)
H372F Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Better Cell)
H372G Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Load)
H372H Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Rapid Level Drop)
H372I Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (MSC Intervention)
H372J Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (OM Intervention)
H372L Failed Cell Outgoing Handovers (Other Causes)
S3300C Number of MRs during Handover Initiation (Uplink

Receive Level Rank = 0)








Receive Quality Rank = 0)








AS330C Mean Uplink Receiving Level during Handover

Initiation
AS331C Mean Uplink Receive Quality during Handover

Initiation
AS330A Mean Uplink Receive Level during Concentric Cell

Handover Initiation (Overlay to Underlay)
AS332A Mean Downlink Receive Level during Concentric

Cell Handover Initiation (Overlay to Underlay)
AS330B Mean Uplink Receive Level during Concentric Cell

Handover Initiation (Underlay to Overlay)
AS332B Mean Downlink Receive Level during Concentric

Cell Handover Initiation (Underlay to Overlay)
AS334A Mean Timing Advance during Concentric Cell

Handover Initiation (Overlay to Underlay)
AS334B Mean Timing Advance during Concentric Cell

Handover Initiation (Underlay to Overlay)
1.5 Reference Documents
l GSM 08.58
l GSM 04.08

BSS Feature Parameter Description Index
Index
Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i-1


BSS Feature Parameter Description: HUAWEI GSM Base Station Subsystem GBSS8.1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BSS Feature Parameter Description: HUAWEI GSM Base Station Subsystem GBSS8.1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HUAWEI GSM Base Station Subsystem

BSS Feature Parameter Description

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential i

About This Document

Product Name Product Model Product Version

BSC BSC6000 Refer to the version information in each feature.

BTS BTS3012 Refer to the version information in each feature.

BTS3012AE Refer to the version information in each feature.

BTS3006C Refer to the version information in each feature.

BTS3002E Refer to the version information in each feature.

BTS3900 GSM Refer to the version information in each feature.

BTS3900A GSM Refer to the version information in each feature.

DBS3900 GSM Refer to the version information in each feature.

Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential iii

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not

Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save

Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in

Italic Book titles are in italics.

iv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2009–04–30)

Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic Command arguments are in italics.

[] Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional.

{ x | y | ... } Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

[ x | y | ... ] Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

{ x | y | ... }* Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by

[ x | y | ... ]* Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">"

Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential v

Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and

vi Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2009–04–30)

About This Document...................................................................................................................iii

Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential vii

Figure 1-1 Procedure for performing Huawei handover algorithms....................................................................1-9

Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential ix

Table 1-1 NEs involved in handover....................................................................................................................1-9

Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential xi

About This Chapter

1.1 Change History

Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-1

1.1 Change History

Document and Product Versions

01(2009-04-30) 8.1 V900R008C12 V300R008

There are two types of changes, which are defined as follows:

Change Change Description Parameter Change

Feature The following contents are The added parameter is listed as

Handover algorithm II is added, The added parameter is listed as

1-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2009–04–30)

Change Change Description Parameter Change

Compared with handover The added parameters are listed as

Issue 01 (2009–04–30) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential 1-3

Change Change Description Parameter Change

The following handover decisions None.

1-4 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Issue 01 (2009–04–30)

Change Change Description Parameter Change

The following handover decisions The added parameters are listed as