1:24 CE Ma 1% 8 <€ Fundamentals of Electric Circuits (5t... oC 3 e- (8A, cos 61 — 8A3 sin 6r — 6A, sin 6r + 6A2 cos 6r)e Atr=0, 80 = -84, + 64; es.) From Eqs. (8.5.10) and (8.5.11), Ay = 5 and Ay = ~6.667. Thus, (0) = (S cos 61 ~ 6.667 sin 6r)e (85.12) Notice that by increasing the value of R, the degree of damping decreases and the responses differ. Figure 8.14 plots the three cases. Vv oi (Crtcally dammpet ° os 1 1S He Figure 8.14 For Example 8.5: responses for three degrees of damping. 330 Chapter Second-Order Circus In Fig. 8 Find v(t) for ¢ > 0. Answer: — 2167!" (a) V. Bamps. Find v() for ¢ > 0 in the RLC circuit of Fig. 8.15. wa oan i at Figure For Example 86, Solution: When 1 <0, the switch is open; the inductor acts like a short circuit while the capacitor behaves like an open circuit. The initial voltage across the capacitor is the same as the voltage across the 50-2 resistor: that is, 5 w= 40) = 3x 40-25 1 200) = 55 gpl) = Bx 40-= 25 (86.1) ‘he initial curent through the inductor is 40 =- =-05 1 30450 A ‘The direction of i is as indicated in Fig. 8.15 t0 conform with the direction of fy in Fig. 8.13, which is in agreement with the convention that current flows into the positive terminal of an inductor (see Fig. 6.23), ‘We need to express this in terms of do/dt, since we are looking for v. dv(Q) __ (0) + RKO) _ 25-50 KOS ar RC 50x 20x 10° When 1 > 0, the switch is closed. The voltage source along with the 30-1 resistor is separated from the rest of the circuit. The parallel RLC circuit acts independently of the voltage source, as illustrated in Fig. 8.16. Next, we determine that the roots of the characteristic equation are —_ ._____. 2RC ~ 2x 50x 20x 10° (8.6.2) 1 L ty = = = = 354 Vic Voax 20x 10° si2=-a t Var a = —500 + 250,000 — 124.997.6 = —500 + 354| sy = ~ 854, 46VVECE I Cixcait Theosy A\ssianmen+t ° | Himavarthy - 2 | CBEN-UYECE IANO. © Zn - _ + Vp V(0y= O i) = 50MA.- oe pe = | ee liege eee -_| >- D ee axaxas| he iva, fae (00D lopge = (ODS _ 1 Wo =o =(o ee pinsanuistais \Wo= lo since Wo =x , t is cavtically damped: Sia = —xK4+ Jar si S 64 hee [s ee Ve) = (A; +Pzt) ao. V(o) = ey +A (o\}e™ - VO = Ay fAizo swice VUey=o ee v(o)+ Rie | Pe de Ph ee eee ere ae heen eT KID Rr RS av). - ~ a AVY _ wa, en 'O 8s [-1oAae es + aae*] ot OA, = 1oAgt +Ha| em évar = f-10A, = loAgt +Aale — | af eo, Wer = Fart Aaltn \ot —Smee A\=O and AVY __p. dt —10A\+ Ad= d Voy at [Ar~-2 | Teac} 1 -. V&\ tox the Aiven Ciwenit ig V(e\ = -ate 4 ® Ve) ty 4>0- -20t Vv D-14L- Poy =2& — 2-6 -9.0999985mA Q0K+041 0000.1 ——_—_ HOy=—fony x fHes- = OTK 0 RAVES A Yov= 6X OL L Ob R0000+0:1 20000+1 V(o) = 0:0 29.09985mV__| a — eee Eee Tee - | When +>0, the gv and aver gett Seporseltel som te | Cecuit. A Wp - Vag fo = 50990195 &7Wo , it = oves damped pent Sia = ~20 4 (@oy>-(S.0aqo1as7 = -aO+ ¥400 - 26 | = RO + 19.3939 | Bsn ae] pes -onay Ve) = A, Pete Age Dbelt Of) el = Oy Ntey a\4e, 08449485 Kip? = Aut Aat—O of dVO) _ es a dt Re == [P-oB ars cnostnates @e* dVe\ _o. at 29:34 A, — 0.6614 =0 {SSA = Ag @ Sowing ® and @ Ag=0. 5127-4 As =-30. 51854).CHRO | re | ~ 343396 Iver = [o.siaa e ! ee ——___ ~0.86lb - 30.5125 eC sell ay | ua | Ve(KN by 420 10 w(t) [ mA dmF fox t0, \OURY= toma. | | =tl..-1- _| io STS - Se = alk *= Re” auvenn? = y Wo= Te a L7 Wo, ie is Ovexcam ped xesponge- vi) = Aye? +p, eSet- Big = ~* Aver yr = —RSD+ Vins — 2000 = -850+ (60500 = -~RSD4 Qyugdors 8) =7495-9645 Cae SE 0ORs.| Onerae AE Ln ga ag oe VG) = tone? + Ae” aie 02a, FALOY+ Aon =o PRR aL dy — 495.9695 — = D+ ~495.95954, 6 4" ~ 40385 Ag e Vo3,Q5, aS = ~49S-96 75H) — 4: OB a5Fg Ve) =L dio dt © = Asx103) dio) dt difoy _ a” 495.9675R) — 4. ORE Dy = re a =O Ag =~ 129.9996 9, -—® olin and ® Aj = 0:0000819728 ta =-©.0| 0082 9675 oaslll ft = ions Borne ap, oeaxide 44 Ve) = 4.065 on 4A FE, 40. ae 103as&- mV | ‘ fg= VO _ Eqoese THE SOES Ho.pesxe VR] 53 20 = [aoraasc *285t _ 4 oaaqg re xo > ao — Ene festa Maaisculed and Incluctyr ts clbosak, Cape’ tow % 2 P(oy= 3x50 ! ISD. Q.geubA (S0+2) SQ eae V(0. = 2 ilo) IN(o)= 5. FAV] at t>0, 2a 18 ohoel cise ited. ! ) to Wo = vic * JR0xI0 x aye ARC ~ AXDKRSy yb ° | Cc = 10% 3 J =4000] a 7 *0200- Guza.e Wo-4y7aig,] Ye — 2Atel36 Since Wor x, it 33 Undex damped Sesponge. Sig = —#+ OC Upp ~ ~ 4000+ T gooaogy - 20000000. aya = —4000 + R000} BS «= -W000 wd = ROOD ar| VEY = (Py cog aonae + Agdinonot) e@ HOCH Voy) = 6.349 lA Cost Aasinwoy)e° = 5.99 [Ai =643}-O avby [ vers # iy \ c at Rc - a + SOF VLG Spx BT x10 AW = ~ 1198x108 At oh ~ 4ooot i. af 4DOOAICos 200 BE- YOOOAgsin 2000+ )€ - E-20004 yognom + Q000A —4ooot- jms a@4aov08) e “dt ~ ~400A)-~0 +eao000A +t D | AY. = R000 (Ay - 24 | Ot 2 ‘ | | ay RET (Ay-aa)) = ~ nigs x08 Ag-Q2A) =-544-0¥ Ag=-S49-08 + 04597 tomo - Jia: = 58451} © -4oode. vie) = 6.39 cosaocot 4-5845u ain 2000 )+ L0; QL + Fant To = SV (OV > ash hg + >0, ste! Wo Vex aue3 Wp= 1000 _ a 0 Qe 5D Wo =158.}) Wo7%) 4 is undey damped [to = 158m) Wd = [wpa | = (R500 — 1565 Ve) = (A) cos 68a b + Ar 5in26 RAL) € 1856,~ Se -~ | Voy = -1y. | | Vioy = (Arty + Ascoy)) Ar=-1 + © dvey ae 2 8S 96.82 A, Sin Rat #96824 c05(164at} eS + E1asy [#icos{%6 8a +Pasin€6-Ba4)] elas AV) =- =) | dt ———— a [283] - -[pev108 mn RARKLO?> iy jive eet dt oer d voy at (T6RAAQ — las Ay “1000 = Fb.%AQ +1AS aS ee — 16 2any = Ag = 11-62 Max feos Qssee) +4104 sing oasefie eee Vib) = [ihdasin(4s-£64) = Coa (6 368) | 7 last ———| | | | | ! 'WO-Popy WeTWOEK. Current Ffuoing. théough lo Feta ee Malis ‘out Vi~ 10 Aart, -osTi-o-ae) = 0 Vi - org -5T, av. =O Oacpet Va ~ S{t2) — loft, +7) -0.s-0-a4) = O Vt avy lO T) -5sT, =0|/ —O Vo - 532 ~ ST, -10Tg+Qvy =O 3 Vg — $1, 19 T2 zo 27, - Sra = © Va - © wo V4 8 [Ex 487.) - lot, -S1, =O V pt Wer Vi = Q @ -51, + PF2 - 19, =) 1s 3 _ olay—_ Y Paxame-+eoxs | > Yn Mt Ya V2 : 19> Yo) Vy + Vo2V2 he, NPY My nV ©, met), Be ga c0H] ne Yun = 3/5 5 Yo =0 ee is ®, Yo a Vg -5T,-o Ta=1Vo yy 5 Ss T. | Ls sh My as Vos, = 0.g y Pacsame-texs We [ OG | -0-a 0.2 SS “siOS t y y) 40/3 SS oO. 7 got howee w Yn ancl oa Vg= 0 RB) -» BW, _ “ap Ty | aT | jee ape T 34 S12 nO, y= 320 = aw \ 7 \ “= 21 mp (2 5 | Vy = oe MU _ ai -y Vi > Reo 7 MN Vip = O-1ID Ono. | Y= 339 f-21 | 7 (ga)32 HOt, Y= — 260 “aq 78 Ta _ -~aq a Vi 6D tex | Yr aasose: Noe = = 0S 7 tos Josand Yar) “=o 2 a a = 7 Re } Tos — | ® 21, -© T= ad -~© | 7 2. © m ©), i: Va = 890 10 y-3\ — | a 3 a er | Vg = 260 T, aq NW Nia = “dep = Vahore Mapae = ms— es '~) © > eC ap ya Va = 260 33 78 J. 33 Ly a aap” TPR '] Porouneby one en “| - OWS (3) h= Pss a -O05 me A = hy + hiaVg = Vi x Eas hai T) tha Vo, => 125 he 2 Doran ele. V\ = 51, +aVp , Ta =-0.5T,40-19Va P= Pras} @ Om Viz 57) 4 Q0Ty HOT, M= Siva t © tom @ and (H). 2 pararniten = [\: 7) 5 40 pe eae ©. 104 ST, 42V2 —O “OST + 1 Vg. @)— Vi = 157) + RDI V2 = WoT + 01g tos Yi and Yar, Vg =O O= sx\+or, Fiz 2m + © [Fa = An FO © in @ (6) in (® Yi = 157, + x0 Ta V) = 205g + 1ST Vi= SEM Xo +R0D, . sr = a x, Y1 =€30+20)7, Vv = ISTi-or,~ Vi= - 105. Vi = 52) + =o = Wes = oem hy Yara gre te Ye, May and Yon Vi=O IS 7) + QO012=0 > Tq =-37) @M fiz aIe ® ™ © ® iw B) Ya = 10 T2 +67, Vo = LOTS +ST, Ya = BES ya, +57 Vp = lol, + Fes Ns, -_ 4% Vo = tor, “Mir = “13 1,4 Wr, a Vo = We Vg = “Sy 2 = +2 a a > Yai = —2 4 Ta = 3 sy v2" se Vr 10 22 P= ea) bp =O. Yponanety = | 2% ~% —O.4 D3 —___—_—__— 200. 7! + 5 V. ) Vi Ye Vg P 4S Ve ka Vv; = S00 (T+ 10° Yo) Vo - (Ta+®01) 3000 q= Ma a Vo : Y 5000 jpo0 © ™m (®- \ Ye = 30007, + 60 : eee. Vis 60060--y Vg = ans + lav L ——___? t !8Y% ¥b0Vv, *a 1a [er ove e 3000 C2 FOOa $$ fom © and @® ro evo! - 10 -al, y = yyie® 20-33 KID ° Fxom 0, Yg = Easy —(9 | 1S @O w@ tT > 0:3 x 1p “Fane ] “4xp 8 Vi lo-r 7 YO6xI0 Fy, ~ 203T,-4xioe Vy 7 O06 KID ey V) = TT, = ROT, P0000 TF + R013 700000 + Vi = 16.66%. Tp 4 338-333 xi03x, Vis 4 338333 xi98y, 4 16.666 x08 © in @ “ve Vo = [2x15% vy) = Ty] Kio t3 Na M= Bx y Ios rs) ‘a= o.ay 338.3, y n° r, + 1666 40. q x10° Ly ~10-7, ‘= Wb6-soT, + 3.33a52] +. © =] ear soa | 66-64 kin? 333 X1d9Tox +L 2 $3.44 - Vy = 5v00T, 4 5VQ “R00T, = S001, + 5Va | T= — Me ' 1040 Te \ net = 53.434 + 0-00096154 Inet = 19.54mA | Rner =_1 Sinet | Rnet = 511 a | Vy 2 poxameteys Vi- 201, ~ ip = Ot, = - j | 1-1, ~ Yor, mere] Va-4012-40i,; = 0 a= 404 e4ou,] | >. | 60 a | Hom above 4O 40se | Y- Paxam etext V5 Yn V\+ ViaNe y= Yorvy 4 Yooh Vp 60\, +40\0 Vo = 4Oi+ 4Di2 i= Vi-4din 2 Ly 60 mn Ya = 40},440i7r. e &6 (tir)~ ph h Parameters Yi=hy T+ dM Ye = hoy hi +h92Ya- (ee o ! Vv + 4oi, Va 401+ AOI a= Wa-4Oh 40 1= 601, + yor (V2 -HOi1) ue V) = 601, + Vo 4.01, = 201+ Va —@ Ty = Vo -lDd' 40 Oe = ‘ - 2, 4o loz + D025 Vg ey ty = -19) +0:025Vot- = ! from @ ona ® 20 | n ® | cose ‘j << : 4 Iwansmigsi y, = ti V2 T, = -ta Vy - t)2 Ty Vi =60\ Y= 40% Yow Vg-4Oig _ +] ‘ee 4 Tosametass. -—tiagi2z v, 4-67 MP yt Oe Y= b5Vg-aviaz- © +4012, 0a + \o.. + \j ia Vy V, = UD 4 GOlp —Q | Va = SDigt+4oi -@ | 2 powamétia = f 10 40 | | 40 2 | | Loametiy oe (oe Wt Ya Ve UF ge | Ya YN -h ely ity | y= Vi-GOte doom ©. 2 10 to R | ae _ 5M Ae 6 at ei Vg = = SDi2 + 4B x Va = V, + Oty il 10 mi a ip V2 Fem and &) ] -ol (He oe) = O.1a5 ee etd My hulit hia Vg Taz hay +ho2Vg X= -U07 * ae —tom@ . seth Taawaje tom © and he ree ce jc |... | - Vy= YO +h0i2 = Vy= M = wah + V> ov O-OL yot+4p (4289) @ GOs 2 V= Bais |iS ee Fy —— — ot Veo pee Oo V, tat 40r, —@ Vy etn Ve = no - | e oe —@ Yyetot My -tyr Tr Nz S2=SWin | 2 45 "hs ©.025\, -1-25% —@ | '* 401, +40%9 = 4OLO.oasY-1-asie) + GO, ~ Va -SDip + b0i2- Ts ' -\O 7 O.0as ad | | 2 pore | i gm = ans? Yn = 2 hy=0 V\-100T, -V =O -OU At Node OVoy iw & To VE 3 *) + To “2 > 3410 4105 [5+ fos] RAS Va = aq3.aS)T, 4293.9517, —@ Mn in ©, . ca / V)~ 1005, -10 (71+ ve \=o }~ 100 2 IDL Vir\o0r, ~10? 5, ~Vz =O LT. = 001%, ~0-01V> = Sb Oi ® | Va = agz.as(o. Ol) (Vv) + 293.509, | | Vara 5 Na = 2.9BRV\ — 2-IZQVo 4293SaTy Tas “OO, + Oo, “O13V9 —@ | = 0-0 | —O.0] oo - 0-13 Jom © ona . 8» ®. J) =Ooq VY - 0.0) Qq3. 28 T, +t aq 3 .asT2) | *1= 001M) ~ 2-937, ~9.93 Tr | %493T, = oor, ~ 2.03T) Mi = 39387, tQIST, Foon (@) and (&) Ba 3.a5 RVB-2AG | = AQW.a5 —-2B.as @V,= 1003+ +O rion | ET = V2 - 293-28 T, = -T, + 0.0034. —D tom € ond ®, h- 10 0 1 h —I 6: 004 m 6 0-014) - T)4 0.0124 Ve Me 134, Vy - 10024 = ~an © 43-25 Di = Vp - 24 3:25T2 i= 0.008u v2 “I, —————— eee iL 13y 100 0.0934eo y, o beth Va to= Nyl\t he. Ve [Vi = tooo 2] T2> 'D5\+ 20nd °V, 60-4oT a Vab ei T, = 60-4 Vab yo Vs =Vab 1 V, =60. 60 = 1900 f, — Wab 60 = s86g 7 60-Vab\ 2 ye J ) ~ab 60= |! 5DO-(85-Q) Vob qreeveh =!440 Vay = 53:34V Qa yon 60 1A b T=th 60-40%, ~Veb=0 Ta= '©T,+ 200n5 Vab1 = 1 | 6o-Nbb) + Q004/05% ah dear aad te |= BIS — Vab 4 200010 Veb | Or QUA Vab =1y Pb 55.05 | Kah = Vab/_ Ta Thevenin's Equivaltre: = Wena S334V ice