1. 2. Offer and acceptance• X says to y will you buy my car for one lakh?

• X writes a letter to y ,
Will you buy my house for 20 lakh?• X gives an advertisement in the newspaper that I will
pay 10 thousand ,whoever traces my missing nephew.• X writes a letter to y, I offer to sell my
car for one lakh if I do not receive your reply by Monday I will assume you have accepted the
offer.
2. 3. Carlil vs. smoke ball co• A co advertised that it would pay $100 to anyone who contracts
influenza after using the smoke balls of the company according to the printed directions. Mrs.
Carlil used as per given directions but she contracted influenza. she filed a suit for money
announced .
3. 4. Decision of the case• It was a general offer (means an offer made to public) so anyone
could have accepted it• She used the medicine as per given directions .• She can sue the
company for promised reward and co was held liable.
4. 5. Lalman shukla vs. Gauridutt• Gauridutt sent his servant lalman to find his lost nephew.
when the servant had left, Gauridutt announced reward to anyone, who will trace the boy.
Lalman found the boy and brought him home .when lalman came to know he claimed for
reward.
5. 6. Decision in this case• Lalman’s plea was cancelled on the grounds that he can not accept
the offer unless he is not aware of it.
6. 7. FREE CONSENT• X Threatens to kill Y if he refuses to sell his house to him .• A devotee
gifted her property to spiritual guru to secure benefits to her soul in next world.
7. 8. Lawful object and consideration• A ,B and C enter into contract to share profits, to be
acquired by fraud.• X pays 1000 Rs to Y to beat Z. Y does not. X can not recover his money
back.• X promises to pay Y Rs 50000 if he secures employment for him in govt sector.• X
who knows that Y has committed a murder, receives Rs 7 lakh from y in consideration of not
exposing.
8. 9. Agreement in restraint to trade• X a seller of imitation jewellary in England sold his
business to Y and agreed not to deal for two years-in imitation jewellary-in real jewellary in
certain foreign countries• X after selling the goodwill of his business to Y promises not to
carry the similar business anywhere in the world.
9. 10. Agreement to do impossible act• A agrees to give Rs 10000 to B ,if he marries C (a
Hindu) who is already married to D.• A ,a singer contracts with B the manager of a theatre to
sing for two nights every week for next two months. A on sixth night, willfully absents herself
and B rescinds the contract.
10. 11. Agreements made by incompetent parties (minor)• Case law –Nash vs. Inman Inman an
undergraduate in Cambridge bought eleven fancy waistcoats from Nash. the co claimed for
their money
11. 12. DECISION• The court held waistcoats were not part of necessary things so the price
could not be recovered