 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٤٢٥ 
  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ، 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?   ?  ? ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
EKKKKKKKK،‫א‬،‫א‬F J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٥
 ‫א‬
١
L١٠F
 ١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 
،
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫ א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
KJ ٥
K‫א‬J ٦
K‫א‬J ٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬J ٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K  J ١٠

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١١
 K‫א‬J ١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬J ١٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،

K‫א‬J ١٥
 K  ‫א‬‫א‬J ١٦


 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫؟‬ 
  J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


-٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W١J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (١-١)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬(١-١)

 ‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٢٩٢٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٢-١)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 W‫א‬٢-٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬(٢-١)

 W‫א‬٣-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬٤ -٢


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫ א‬٥ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬٦-٢
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ DC‫א‬K ‫א‬
 KDCAC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧-٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EemfF‫א‬‫א‬

،EV‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 WK(ΩF‫א‬‫א‬K

 EVF‫א‬W‫א‬

EAF‫א‬W‫א‬

 ERF‫א‬W‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨-٢

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬J ٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٥

‫א‬K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ٩-٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫ا‬٣-١F‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  (‫أ‬-٣-١)‫א‬

 (‫ب‬-٣-١) ‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(FJ ٣ J ٢‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬J ٤

W ‫א‬
١٠ ‫א‬- ١
‫א‬١J ٢
 ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬- ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

W ‫א‬
-٢‫א‬‫א‬-١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬- ٤‫א‬ ‫א‬ - ٣
 J ٥


- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬
 
    ‫א‬ 
     ‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦

EF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
  J ٢‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬J ٤ J ٣

 ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ١



- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬









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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 



 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬
 
    ‫א‬ 
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
 
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
EF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬






- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬E٣F
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ٢‫א‬J ١
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ٤J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ٢J ١
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٢‫א‬١٥ ‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬١E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬K٢


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٣


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥


 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧

- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬E٣F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬
 
    ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
EF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 :‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
١٠‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 ٦{٠‫א‬‫א‬ J 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬ E٤
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٧
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٨
‫؟‬‫א‬


- ٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١-٣
EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( ١-٣)‫א‬KEF 
 KEF
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬


‫ داﺋﺮة آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬:(٣-١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬J ٣
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬       
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤-٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   K       ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬  F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬

 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 







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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  E٤F‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬


:‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٤J ٣ J ٢ J ١
  J ٦ J ٥
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J ٤ J ٣ J ٢‫א‬J ١
J ٦ J ٥

:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬  J ٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
E١F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٩
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W٢-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٠٠F
 E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
V = I × R

 ‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EVF‫א‬ERFEIF
 ‫א‬
 ( ٢-٣)‫א‬‫א‬


 (٢-٣ F
 W‫א‬

V= I × R
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬
R= V÷ I
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬
I = V÷ R
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬
- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( ٣-٣)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

 ‫א‬‫א‬(٣-٣)

E‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 (٤- ٣)KClamp-on-type‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬





- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

E‫א‬F‫א‬ (٤ -٣)

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ( ٩-١)‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٤-٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(٥-٣)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬









- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 




 ‫א‬(٥-٣)

 ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

Ac  ١

Dc  ٢

V  ٣

Ω EF ٤

E 1 F ٥
mV 1000

kV E١٠٠٠F ٦

A E‫א‬F١ ٧

mA E 1 F ٨
1000

~  ٩

 ١٠

Com   ١١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:

‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 220 V ‫א‬ E٢F‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬ 220 v  :‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬J ٤ J ٣220 vJ ٢J ١

:‫א‬‫א‬
  J ٣   J ٢‫א‬ J ١
J ٦  J ٥‫א‬ J ٤

:‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤

‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ٢٢٠‫א‬E٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
     ‫א‬
 ٩
 ٢٢٠
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

:‫א‬‫א‬ ٥-٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E٣F ‫א‬
‫א‬ W‫א‬


:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣ J ٢ J ١
  J ٦  J ٥‫א‬ J ٤
 J ٩‫א‬ J ٨‫ א‬ J ٧
  J ١٠
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٧

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 E٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
        ٩
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 EFE٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  : ‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J ٤ J ٣110V  J ٢ J ١
‫ א‬ J ٧ J ٦  J ٥
   J ١٠  J ٩‫א‬ J ٨
J ١١

:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦






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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
E٧F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬
 
    ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
     ‫א‬‫א‬
٧
 ‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨
 ‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬١١
EF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
 :‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬–٢‫א‬J ١
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢







 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
EF‫א‬ K٤





 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K K٧

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F
 :‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ٣‫א‬–٢‫א‬J ١
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١

 W
‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 K٨

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٦J ٣
 ١–

‫א‬( ١١-١)‫א‬
F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2A‫א‬‫א‬60ΩZ‫א‬‫א‬

( ١١-١ ) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 W‫א‬

V=I×R= 2 × 60 = 120 volt

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ٢–
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣–

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬J ‫א‬

 ‫א‬J 

 ‫א‬J 

 ‫א‬J 

 ‫؟‬‫א‬J ٢

 ‫א‬J ٣

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤
 ( ١-٤ )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬( ١ - ٤)

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
RT = R 1+ R 2 + R 3 + ………

V
 I=
RT

V1 = I1 × R1 , ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V2 = I 2 × R2 ,‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V3 = I3 × R3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

V = V1 + V2 + V3

‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 -:‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬
RT = 20 + 10 +10 = 40 Ω
 W‫א‬
V 120
I= = = 3Α
R 40
 V1 = I × R1 = 20 × 3 = 60 Volt W‫א‬‫א‬

 V2 = I × R2 =10 × 3 = 30 Volt W‫א‬‫א‬

 V3 = I × R3 = 10 × 3 = 30 VoltW‫א‬‫א‬
V = V1 + V2 +V3 = 60 + 30 + 30 = 120 Volt

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٤ J ٣٢ J ٢ J ١
:‫א‬‫א‬
  J ٣  J ٢‫א‬ J ١
J ٦   J ٥‫א‬J ٤

 :‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

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 ‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪٢-٤‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ W‬‬

‫‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ (٢-٤ )‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺎت اﻟ ﺜﻼث‪ .‬ﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﺪواﺋﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻟﻴﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻣﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻳﺴﺮي ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر وﻳﺘﻮزع ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ إﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟ ﺪواﺋﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﻳ ﺔ ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﺘﻴ ﺎر ﻳﺘ ﻮزع ﺑ ﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣ ﺎت وﻳﺒﻘ ﻰ ﻓ ﺮق اﻟﺠﻬ ﺪ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫و ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺎرة ﻓﻲ آﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ = ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺣﻮل آﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫‪V=V1=V2=V3‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﺎ إن ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﺣﻮل آﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻳﺴﺎوي اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻀﺮوب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ أﻋﻼﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫‪R1*I1=R2*I2=R3*I3‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻔﺮع اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻠﻲ اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎوي اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻠﻲ‬

‫‪- ٥٢ -‬‬
 ‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪It=I1+I2+I3‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن أوم أن اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻳﺴﺎوي ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﻣﻘﺴﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪I=V/Rtot.=V/R1+V/R2+V/R3‬‬
‫اﺿﺮب آﻞ اﻟﺤﺪود ب ‪V‬‬
‫‪1/Rtot.=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪-------‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-------- + ---------- + ---------‬‬
‫‪Rtot.‬‬ ‫‪R1‬‬ ‫‪R2‬‬ ‫‪R3‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن إﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺎت ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮازي هﻮ‪:‬‬

‫‪- ٥٣ -‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

1 
Rt= -------------------------------------------------
1 1 1 
-------- + -------- + -------
R1 R2 R3

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 
W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
I=V/R= 120/ 10 = 12 A
 ‫א‬‫א‬
I=V/R= 120/ 20 = 6 A
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 I=V/R= 120/ 30 = 4 A

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
It= I1 + I2 + I3 = 12 + 6 + 4 = 22 A

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

Rt = V/It = /22 = 5.45 Ω
120


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
EF‫א‬

1
Rt= -------------------------------------------------
1 1 1 
-------- + -------- + -------
R1 R2 R3

 W‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ .( ٢-٤)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ ( א‬٢-٤)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

:‫ א‬‫א‬
 J ٤ J ٣٢ J ٢ J ١
  J ٦ J ٥
:‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣  J ٢ ‫א‬ J ١
J ٦  J ٥‫א‬ J ٤

:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
      ‫א‬  ٩
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

110V WE٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
110 V  J ٢  J ١
‫א‬ J ٦ J ٥ J ٤110 V  J ٣
‫ א‬ J ٩ J ٨ J ٧
 J ١٢ J ١١‫א‬ J ١٠

:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦




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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
  110VE٣F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
     ١١٠ ٩
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬

E ‫א‬ ) F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬
٢  J ٢  J ١
 J ٤٢ J ٣
J ٧‫א‬  J ٦ J ٥
:‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣  J ٢‫א‬ J ١
 J ٥‫א‬ J ٤
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦




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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
     
 ٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ WE٥F‫א‬

‫א‬ :‫א‬
:‫ א‬‫א‬
2 J ٣٢ J ٢ J ١
 J ٦ J ٥٢ J ٤
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J ٤ J ٣ J ٢‫א‬ J ١
J ٦  J ٥
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
     
 ٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬110V  WE٦F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ :‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣ J ٢ J ١
 ٤J ٦١١٠  J ٥١١٥٧ J ٤
 J ٩‫א‬ J ٨ J ٧
‫א‬ J ١٢‫ א‬ J ١١  J ١٠
 - J ١٤  J ١٣
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ١١٠E٦F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
     ١١٠
 ٩
 
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ : ‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬
٢  J ٢١ J ١
٢E‫א‬٤٠F J ٤٢ J ٣
 J ٦ 2 J ٥
 J ٧
:‫א‬‫א‬
  J ٣  J ٢ ‫א‬ J ١
 J ٦  J ٥‫א‬ J ٤
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٧F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
     ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩
 
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬١-٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 ( ١-٥ )‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 (١-٥)‫א‬


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢-٥
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EF‫א‬
     ‫א‬        ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  .( ٢-٥ )‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬E‫א‬F  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(٢-٥)


 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ -٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ 
  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ( ٣-٥)‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 W(٣-٥)

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
  ‫א‬( ٤-٥)‫א‬

 (٤-٥)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




 ‫א‬‫א‬(٥-٥)






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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬٥-٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬(٦-٥)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K
 ‫( א‬٦-٥)













- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

W‫א‬ ٦-٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (٧-٥)


 ( ٧ -٥ )


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 (٩-٥)( ٨ -٥)

 ‫א‬(٨-٥)

- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬(٩-٥)

‫ ( ﻣﺤﻮل رﻓﻊ اﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴﺔ‬١٦ -١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

(١٤،١٣F‫א‬  k1 ‫א‬WE١F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣ J ٢‫ א‬‫א‬ J ١
J ٧ ٣ ~  J ٦‫א‬ J ٥ J ٤
:‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣  J ٢‫א‬ J ١
 J ٥‫א‬ J ٤
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٩
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢ J ١
 J ٦ J ٥ J ٤
٣ ~ J ٨‫א‬ J ٧
 :‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣ J ٢‫א‬ J ١
 J ٥‫א‬ J ٤

:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥
 ‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
      EF‫א‬‫א‬ ٨
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

  E٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬
٢ J ٣‫ א‬‫א‬ J ٢J ١
 J ٦  J ٥٢ J ٤
٣ ~  J ٨‫א‬ J ٧
:‫א‬‫א‬
 J ٣ J ٢‫א‬ J ١
 J ٥‫א‬ J ٤
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬
 E٣F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ 

   ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
      ‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
      ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
     
٨
 
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٩
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١١

FEF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E



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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J ٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٦
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬J ٨
‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٩

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 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ١  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS