5) Fluid Mechanics Gigg 5.4 Laminar FLow oF Non-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN A HORIZonTay ANNULUS 5.4.1 Concepts Demonstrated Shear stress, velocit; s, and average velocity calculations for lamin ry profiles, and average it i ar of Newtonian, dilatant, and pseudoplastic fluids in a horizontal annulus." {w 5.4.2 Numerical Methods Utilized Solution of simul inary di ial equations e; taneous first-order ordinary differential equations emp shooting technique to converge on the desired boundary conditions, loving 5.4.3 Problem Statement An incompressible fluid is flowing within an annulus betwee horizontal pipes, as shown in Figure 5-3 where the flow is shell momentum balance discussed in Section 5.1.3 applies, der) = (Pr * The particular fluid will determine the relation the shear stress. For a Newtonian fluid, this canAMINAR FLOW OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN A HORIZONTAL ANNULUS im gions are that the velocity at each wall is zero, Thus 2,50 atr=Ry (629) v,=0 atr=Ry (6-30) an analytical solution for the velocity profile in the annulus with a Newto- sian ids Ap|p2_.2, (R-Ri) v, = =| R5- 1 i aR? men “(ig 30 nore the pressure drop is given by Ap = pp ~ pz, The average velocity Us av is eal- “lated from ene. 2 es °y, ay = Gaon 2nrdr sar” ER) free mr (6-32) togive the analytical solution a _ AP| p?, p2 Ponte) non ff enelaaln For a Newtonian fluid such as water, Equation ( the velocity to shear stress. A number of. by which is discussed in Se Relationships bet Equations (5-14) andi” GuINAR FLOW OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS INA HORIZONTAL PIPE 165, : 2 LAMINAR FLOW OF Non-NewrTonian FLUIDS IN A HORIZONTAL “PIPE 52.1 Concepts Demonstrated jon of momentum balance to obtain shear stress and velocity profiles for wer 1aw fluids in laminar flow in a horizontal Pipe., and comparison of numer- per snd analytical solutions, jeal 3 52.2 Numerical Methods Utilized solution of simultaneous first order ordinary differential equations employing a hooting technique to converge on the desired boundary conditions and use of vnbined variables in problem solution, 5.2.3 Problem Statement ‘the shear stress for a number of non-Newtonian fluids'can be described by 4 2 iad where parameter K has units of N-s"/m? and exponent n is the flow <1 the fluid is pseudoplastic and for n > 1 the fluid is dilatant. fiuid is Newtonian. . Application of Equation (5-13) in differential equation for velocity. The analytical Arical pipe is given k 1 the fluid is dilatant. When n =1, the fiuid is Newtonian. : Application of Equation (5-13) in differential equation for velocity. ‘The analytical y ‘tical pipe is given by@) A dilatant fuia is flowing in a horizontal pipe bes nae ; log EE 10 nd = 0.00028 m. a Velocity profile for v, should be —_ versus the of the Calculate the average velocity in the pipe Us, av- ; ® pare the calculated velocity profile with the analytical] given by Equation (5-16). ees (c) lopearget (a) for a pseudoplastic fluid with K = or andn = 9 {@_Repeat part (b) for the pseudoplastie fluid of part (c). 10x 19-6 5.2.4 Solution (Suggestions) () The numerical solution re Tx and U,. The equation for t.. in ‘ance in the Pipe. The result is quires ordinary differential equations the pipe is obtained from a shell m Equation (5-1), which is independ