Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GUIMARÃES. Ensaio Sobre Linguística Indígena
GUIMARÃES. Ensaio Sobre Linguística Indígena
RUJV1RYRV(VWXGRVVREUH/tQJXDV,QGtJHQDV%UDVtOLD
(GLWRUDGD8Q%SS
?ÀVÊ,i>ÌÊÕ>ÀKià $ DVVLP FKDPDGD ´OLQJtVWLFD LQGtJHQDµ VH FRQVWUyL RX VH GHOLPLWD GH PDQHLUD
1*, GLIHUHQWHGDVRXWUDViUHDVGDOLQJtVWLFD$VXDGHILQLomRQmRpQHPGHYLGDDXPD
GLYLVmR GH DFRUGR FRP RV QtYHLV GH DQiOLVH OLQJtVWLFD FRPR D TXH UHFRQKHFH
D GLVWLQomR HQWUH D IRQRORJLD D VLQWD[H D VHPkQWLFD RX PHVPR HQWUH HVVDV H D
VRFLROLQJtVWLFDHDOLQJtVWLFDKLVWyULFDSRUH[HPSORQHPjILOLDomRWHyULFDFRPR
DTXHOD TXH SRU H[HPSOR EDVHLD D VHSDUDomR HQWUH IXQFLRQDOLVWDV H IRUPDOLVWDV
JHUDWLYLVWDVHVHPDQWLFLVWDVIRUPDLV$RFRQWUiULRGHDFRUGRFRPHVVHVGRLVFULWpULRV
GHGLYLVmRQmRVHULDSRVVtYHOUHFRQKHFrODFRPRXPDiUHDGDOLQJtVWLFDSRLVRV
WUDEDOKRV DJUXSDGRV VRE R UyWXOR GH ´OLQJtVWLFD LQGtJHQDµ WUDEDOKDP QRV PDLV
GLIHUHQWHVQtYHLVGHDQiOLVHHPERUDKDMDXPDQtWLGDSUHGRPLQkQFLDGRVQtYHLVPDLV
´JUDPDWLFDLVµ²IRQRORJLDPRUIRORJLDHVLQWD[H(PXLWRHPERUDWDPEpPQHVVHV
WUDEDOKRV²DRPHQRVQR%UDVLO²DLQGDVHMDSRVVtYHOYLVOXPEUDUXPDFHUWDLQIOXrQFLD
GHXPDSHUVSHFWLYDWHyULFDPXLWRSUy[LPDGDWDJPrPLFDQmRVHSRGHGL]HUTXHHVVH
UyWXORVHGHYDGHPRGRDOJXPDHVVDILOLDomRWHyULFDDLQGDPDLVTXHVHDVVLVWH
DXPFDGDYH]PDLVQRWiYHOSURFHVVRGHGLYHUVLILFDomRGDSHUVSHFWLYDWHyULFDQD
OLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDEUDVLOHLUD
2 FULWpULR GH GHOLPLWDomR TXH HVWDEHOHFH D OLQJtVWLFD LQGtJHQD p XP FULWpULR
DEVROXWDPHQWHHVWUDQKRjGLVFLSOLQDTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjFODVVLILFDomRGDVOtQJXDVTXHVmR
REMHWRGHHVWXGRGHDFRUGRFRPSURSULHGDGHVVHURXQmRVHU´LQGtJHQDVµTXHQmRWrP
VLGRFRQVLGHUDGDVFRPR²RXPHOKRUGHL[DUDPGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGDV²FRPRGHILQLGRUDV
GHSURSULHGDGHVUHOHYDQWHVSDUDDGLVFXVVmROLQJtVWLFDHPTXDOTXHUQtYHO
$ OLQJtVWLFD VH FRQVWUXLX KLVWRULFDPHQWH HP WRUQR GH XP SRVWXODGR TXH
SRGHULD VHU FKDPDGR GH XQLYHUVDOLVWD QXP VHQWLGR PDLV DPSOR TXH p R GH TXH
WRGDV DV OtQJXDV QDWXUDLV WrP EDVLFDPHQWH DV PHVPDV SURSULHGDGHV (P JHUDO R
WHUPR XQLYHUVDOLVPR WHP VLGR UHVHUYDGR SDUD GHVLJQDU XP SRVWXODGR PDLV IRUWH
H PDLV ORFDOL]DGR TXH VHULD GHIHQGLGR SRU WHRULDV TXH DVVXPHP TXH RV QtYHLV
PDLV ´HVWUXWXUDLVµ GDV OtQJXDV QDWXUDLV VREUHWXGR R VLQWiWLFR HRX R VHPkQWLFR
FRPSDUWLOKDPGHXPFRQMXQWRGHSURSULHGDGHVEiVLFDV$TXLHOHHVWiVHQGRXVDGR
&DPSRV QXPVHQWLGRPDLVDPSORH[SUHVVDQGRXPDDVVXQomRWHyULFRPHWRGROyJLFDFRPXP
0iUFLR5HQDWR*XLPDUmHV
jVPDLVGLYHUVDVFRUUHQWHVWHyULFDVGDOLQJtVWLFDGHTXHSURSULHGDGHVPXLWRJHUDLVTXHFDGDXPDGHVVDVWHRULDV
DWULEXHPjOLQJXDJHP²SURSULHGDGHVTXHYDULDPGHDFRUGRFRPDSHUVSHFWLYDWHyULFD²VmRUHFRQKHFLGDVFRPR
LQHUHQWHPHQWHSUHVHQWHVHPTXDOTXHUOtQJXDQDWXUDO$VVLPDLQGDTXHXPIXQFLRQDOLVWDHXPIRUPDOLVWDHVWHMDP
HPGHVDFRUGRVREUHDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHXPWUDWDPHQWRIRUPDOL]DGRjVOtQJXDVQDWXUDLVHVVDLPSRVVLELOLGDGHVH
UHIHUHDWRGDHDTXDOTXHUOtQJXDQDWXUDOQDPHVPDPHGLGD
$H[SUHVVmROtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVUHPHWHDRPHQRVGHXPSRQWRGHYLVWDKLVWyULFRDXPDpSRFDHPTXHVH
WUDEDOKDYDFRPXPDQRomRQXQFDPXLWREHPGHILQLGDSRUVLQDOGHOtQJXDVSULPLWLYDV$OLQJtVWLFDKiPXLWRWHPSR
DEDQGRQRXFRPSOHWDPHQWHHVVDSHUVSHFWLYDYLJRUDQGRRFRQVHQVRGHTXHDVOtQJXDVQDWXUDLVSRVVXHPRTXH
(GZDUG6DSLUGHILQLXFRPRSOHQLWXGHIRUPDORXVHMDDSURSULHGDGHGHVHUXPVLVWHPDFRPSOHWRGHUHIHUrQFLDFDSD]
GHH[SUHVVDUWXGRDTXLORTXHRIDODQWHQHFHVVLWD6REHVVHSRQWRGHYLVWDDVOtQJXDVGRVSRYRVGLWRVSULPLWLYRV
QmRVHGLIHUHQFLDPHPQHQKXPDSURSULHGDGHHVVHQFLDOHUHOHYDQWHSDUDTXDOTXHUQtYHOGHDQiOLVHOLQJtVWLFDGH
TXDOTXHURXWUDOtQJXDQmRSULPLWLYDFLYLOL]DGD"
&RPUHODomRjUHIHULGDSUHGRPLQkQFLDGDWDJPrPLFDQDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDEUDVLOHLUDpLPSRUWDQWHQRWDU
TXHLVVRpKHUDQoDGRWHPSRGDDWXDomRGR6,/6XPPHU,QVWLWXWHRI/LQJXLVWLFVKRMH6RFLHGDGH,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH
/LQJtVWLFDHQWUHRVLQGtJHQDVEUDVLOHLURV(DDILUPDomRGDSUHGRPLQkQFLDGDWDJPrPLFDQDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQD
QmRVyQDEUDVLOHLUDpWmRYHUGDGHLUDTXDQWRDVXDUHFtSURFDSRGHVHSHUFHEHUXPDDYDVVDODGRUDSUHGRPLQkQFLD
GHDQiOLVHVVREUHOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVHQWUHRVWUDEDOKRVFRQVWUXtGRVVREHVVDSHUVSHFWLYD(DVUD]}HVVmRPXLWR
PDLVGRTXHKLVWyULFDV$WDJPrPLFDpDVVXPLGDPHQWHXPPpWRGRGHVHQYROYLGRSDUDSRVVLELOLWDURWUDEDOKR
PLVVLRQiULRHQWUHRVSRYRVLQGtJHQDVDWUDYpVGDIL[DomRGHXPVLVWHPDGHHVFULWDTXHSRVVLELOLWDVVHDWUDGXomRH
LPSUHVVmRGD%tEOLDSDUDVXDVOtQJXDV6HXIXQGDGRUHJUDQGHHStJRQR².HQQHWK3LNH²IRLSUHVLGHQWHGR6,/GHVGH
DVXDIXQGDomRHPDWpHSUHVLGHQWHHPpULWRGHVGHDWpVXDPRUWHHP
$KLSyWHVHFHQWUDOGDWDJPrPLFDpDGHTXHQHQKXPDWHRULDGDVLQWD[HTXHLJQRUHRFRQWH[WRVLWXDFLRQDO
GRVHQXQFLDGRVSRGHUiSURGX]LUTXDOTXHUYLVOXPEUHGDYHUGDGHLUDQDWXUH]DGRXVRHGDDTXLVLomRGDOLQJXDJHP
3RU LVVR p DEVROXWDPHQWH LPSHULRVD D QHFHVVLGDGH GD SHVTXLVD GDV EDVHV FXOWXUDLV GR SHQVDPHQWR H GD
FRPXQLFDomR&XULRVDPHQWHpHVVDSHUVSHFWLYD´FXOWXUDOLVWDµTXHMXVWLILFDDDGRomRGHXPPpWRGRGHDQiOLVHGH
FRUWHGLVWULEXFLRQDOLVWDLQVSLUDGRHP%ORRPILHOG8PGRVLPSHUDWLYRVWHyULFRVFHQWUDLVGHVVHPpWRGRpRGHQmR
VHSURMHWDUVREUHRVGDGRVTXDOTXHUFDWHJRULDJUDPDWLFDOSUHYLDPHQWHGHILQLGD2TXHSDUDRVEORRPILHOGLDQRV
pFRUROiULRGHXPDSHUVSHFWLYDLQGXFLRQLVWDHVWULWDSDUDRVGHIHQVRUHVGDWDJPrPLFDUHSUHVHQWDRUHVJXDUGRGH
(16$,26%,%/,2*5É),&26
VHSURMHWDUVREUHRVGDGRVDVFDWHJRULDVFXOWXUDOPHQWHGHVHQKDGDVSUHVHQWHVHPFHUWDVDQiOLVHVJUDPDWLFDLV
e VREUHWXGR SHOD DGRomR GHVVD PHWRGRORJLD GH DQiOLVH GRV GDGRV PDLV GR TXH QD DVVXQomR GH XPD
KLSyWHVHFXOWXUDOLVWDDRPHQRVHVSHFLILFDPHQWHGDKLSyWHVHFXOWXUDOLVWDGH3LNHTXHVHSRGHPHGLUDLQIOXrQFLD
GDWDJPrPLFDVREUHDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDEUDVLOHLUDHWDOYH]GDOLQJtVWLFDEUDVLOHLUDGHXPSRQWRGHYLVWDPDLV
DPSOR(PHVPRDTXLORDTXHPHUHIHULDFLPDFRPR´QRWiYHOSURFHVVRGHGLYHUVLILFDomRGDSHUVSHFWLYDWHyULFD
QDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDEUDVLOHLUDµUHIOHWHXPDVVXPLGRSURFHVVRGHUHDomRDHVVDLQIOXrQFLDGHTXHRDVSHFWRGD
HVFROKDGDSHUVSHFWLYDWHyULFRPHWRGROyJLFDGHWUDEDOKRpDSHQDVXPGRVDVSHFWRV2RXWURpRGDVXSHUDomR
LGHROyJLFDGDDERUGDJHP´PLVVLRQiULDµGR6,/QmRVyQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRDRWUDEDOKRTXH´DFRPSDQKDµDGHVFULomR
OLQJtVWLFDPDVWDPEpPQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjVXSHUDomRGDSUHWHQVDQHXWUDOLGDGHGRWUDEDOKRHGDSHUVSHFWLYD
WHyULFDFRPUHODomRDHVVHVIDWRV´H[WHUQRVµjGHVFULomROLQJtVWLFDSURSULDPHQWHGLWD
1RYRV(VWXGRVVREUH/tQJXDV,QGtJHQDV
(VTXHPDWLFDPHQWHSRGHVHGLYLGLUWRGRHVVHSURFHVVRHPGRLVPRYLPHQWRVDLQIOXrQFLDGD´OLQJtVWLFD
GR6,/µFRPWXGRRTXHHODDFDUUHWDHDVXSHUDomRGHVVDLQIOXrQFLD(VVDVXSHUDomRSRGHVHUSHUFHELGDFRPR
WHQGRGXDVIDFHVQmRHQWHQGLGDVFRPRHVVHQFLDOPHQWHLQGHSHQGHQWHVDVXSHUDomRGHXPDSHUVSHFWLYDWHyULFR
PHWRGROyJLFDWDOYH]PDLVPHWRGROyJLFDGRTXHWHyULFDHDVXSHUDomRQmRVyGDSRVWXUDpWLFD´PLVVLRQiULDµ
PDVGHWRGRXPFRQMXQWRGHSRVWXUDVpWLFDVPDLVRXPHQRVDSDUHQWDGDVeFRPUHODomRDHVVHHVTXHPDTXH
SUHWHQGRVLWXDURVGH]HVVHLVDUWLJRVTXHFRPS}HPDFROHWkQHD1RYRV(VWXGRVVREUH/tQJXDV,QGtJHQDV
2V DUWLJRV IRUDP HODERUDGRV D SDUWLU GDV FRPXQLFDo}HV DSUHVHQWDGDV QD ;9, 5HXQLmR GD $VVRFLDomR
1DFLRQDOGH3yV*UDGXDomRH3HVTXLVDHP/HWUDVH/LQJtVWLFD$132//UHDOL]DGDHPMXQKRGHQDFLGDGH
GH*UDPDGR562VWDPEpPGH]HVVHLVDXWRUHVVmRSHVTXLVDGRUHVGHGLYHUVDVXQLYHUVLGDGHVEUDVLOHLUDVFRPXPD
FHUWDSUHGRPLQkQFLDGD8QLYHUVLGDGHGH%UDVtOLD'RVGH]HVVHLVDUWLJRVRQ]HFDUDFWHUL]DPRPRGHOREDVLODUGH
WUDEDOKRGHOLQJtVWLFDGHVFULWLYDDGHVFULomRVLQFU{QLFDGHXPIUDJPHQWRGDJUDPiWLFDGHXPDOtQJXDSDUWLFXODU
FRQWHPSRUkQHD3RUIUDJPHQWRGHJUDPiWLFDDOLQJtVWLFDGHVLJQDXPDVSHFWRSDUWLFXODUGDJUDPiWLFDGHXPDOtQJXD
HJH[SUHVVmRGHSRVVHVHQWHQoDVLQWHUURJDWLYDVSURQRPHVHSUHIL[RVSHVVRDLVHPFRQWUDVWHFRPXPHVWXGR
GHVFULWLYRJHUDOHJHQpULFRGDOtQJXD3UHGRPLQDPWDPEpPQDREUDDVGHVFULo}HVPRUIRVLQWiWLFDVHVHPkQWLFDV
'HQWUHRVHVWXGRVTXHIRJHPDHVVHPRGHORSRGHVHUHFRQKHFHUGRLVFRQMXQWRVRSULPHLURUHSUHVHQWDGRSHORV
HVWXGRVFRPXPHQIRTXHKLVWyULFRHRXGLDFU{QLFRHRVHJXQGRUHSUHVHQWDGRSHORVHVWXGRVGHQ~PHURH
DPERVGLVFXWLGRVDRILQDOGHVWHWH[WR
'HQWUHRVHVWXGRVGRSULPHLURJUXSRRHVWXGR´$VYRJDLVRUDLVGRSURWRWXStµGHDXWRULDGH$U\RQ'DOO·,JQD
5RGULJXHVIRJHGRPRGHOREDVLODUVHMDSRUWUDWDUGHXPDTXHVWmRIRQROyJLFDVHMDSRUVHUXPHVWXGRKLVWyULFR
FRPSDUDWLYR-iRHVWXGRGH$QD6XHOO\$UUXGD&kPDUD&DEUDOH$U\RQ'DOO·,JQD5RGULJXHV´2GHVHQYROYLPHQWR
GRJHU~QGLRHGRVXEMXQWLYRHPWXStJXDUDQtµpXPHVWXGRFRPSDUDWLYRGDVGXDVIRUPDVYHUEDLVHPGLIHUHQWHV
OtQJXDVGDIDPtOLDWXSLJXDUDQLHSURS}HXPDKLSyWHVHSDUDRVXUJLPHQWRGHVVDVIRUPDVQDHYROXomRSUHWpULWDGHVVDV
OtQJXDV3RUILPRHVWXGR´$QDWXUH]DGRVSUHIL[RVUHODFLRQDLVHPJXDUDQLDQWLJRµGH'DQLHOH0DUFHOOH*UDQQLHU
pXPHVWXGRKLVWyULFRVLQFU{QLFRGHXPIUDJPHQWRGHXPDGDVSRXFDVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVHPTXHHVWXGRVGHVVH
WLSRSRGHPVHUIHLWRVSRUVXDJUDPDWL]DomRVHUUHODWLYDPHQWHDQWLJDVpFXOR;9,,HSHODFRQVHTHQWHSUHVHQoD
GHGRFXPHQWRVKLVWyULFRV
(16$,26%,%/,2*5É),&26
3HORPHQRVGRLVGHQ~PHURHGHVVHVHVWXGRVKLVWyULFRVHRXGLDFU{QLFRVWrPDDVVLQDWXUDGH$U\RQ
'DOO·,JQD5RGULJXHVRSLRQHLURQmRVyQRFDPSRGDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDQR%UDVLODRPHQRVGDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQD
SUDWLFDGDQDDFDGHPLDH[FOXLQGRVHRVHPSUHHQGLPHQWRVGHRUGHP´HYDQJHOL]DGRUDµGHVGH$QFKLHWDDWpR6,/
PDVGDOLQJtVWLFDFRPRXPWRGR*UDGXDGRHP/HWUDVSHOD8)35²GDTXDOWDPEpPIRLSURIHVVRU²5RGULJXHVIRL
RSULPHLURGRXWRUHPOLQJtVWLFDGR%UDVLOFRPDWHVH3KRQRORJLHGHU7XSLQDPEi6SUDFKHGHIHQGLGDHPQD
8QLYHUVLWlW+DPEXUJHpSURYDYHOPHQWHRQRPHGHVVHFDPSRGHSHVTXLVDPDLVFRQKHFLGRLQWHUQDHH[WHUQDPHQWH
eDXWRUSDUDDOpPGHXPDVpULHGHHVWXGRVFRQFHQWUDGRVVREUHWXGRQDVOtQJXDVGDIDPtOLDWXSLJXDUDQLHGRWURQFR
WXSLGHDOJXPDVREUDVHVWUDWpJLFDVSDUDRFRQKHFLPHQWRGDVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVEUDVLOHLUDVFRPRpRFDVRGH/tQJXDV
EUDVLOHLUDVSDUDRFRQKHFLPHQWRGDVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDV6mR3DXOR/R\ROD6XDSUHVHQoDFRPRSULPHLUR
QRPHHQWUHRVRUJDQL]DGRUHVpSRUWDQWRHPEOHPiWLFDGDSRVLomRKLVWyULFDTXHRFXSDGHQWURGHVVHFDPSR
0iUFLR5HQDWR*XLPDUmHV
(VVDUHFRUUrQFLDGDFRPSDUDomRKLVWyULFDUHIOHWHSRUXPODGRRFRQWH[WRHPTXHDLQIOXrQFLDGR6,/IRL
UHFHELGDSHODOLQJtVWLFDEUDVLOHLUDRGDSUHGRPLQkQFLDGDOLQJtVWLFDKLVWyULFRFRPSDUDWLYDRXPDLVSUHFLVDPHQWH
GDILORORJLDURPkQLFDQDSULPHLUDPHWDGHGRVpFXOR;;HSRURXWURRSRQWRGHOLJDomRHQWUHDTXHOHVWUDEDOKRVPDLV
RXPHQRVGLOHWDQWHVDFHUFDGDOtQJXDGRVtQGLRVFRPRRGH5RViULR)DUkQL0DQVXU*XpULRV´(VWXGRVVREUHDOtQJXD
FDLQJDQJXHµ$UTXLYRVGR0XVHX3DUDQDHQVHHRHVWXGRGDVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVQDDFDGHPLD
1RVRLWRWUDEDOKRVGHVFULWLYRVUHVWDQWHVpSRVVtYHOYLVOXPEUDURSURFHVVRGHVXSHUDomRGDWDJPrPLFDSHOD
SURJUHVVLYDLQFRUSRUDomRGHRXWURVPRGHORVWHyULFRGHVFULWLYRV$VVLPDRODGRGHGHVFULo}HVPDLVRXPHQRV
´IRQrPLFDVµRX´PRUIrPLFDVµSRGHPVHUHQFRQWUDGDVUHIHUrQFLDVDXPDXWRUFKDYHGDWLSRORJLDOLQJtVWLFD%HUQDUG
&RPULHPXLWDVUHIHUrQFLDVIXQFLRQDOLVWDVHHPSHORPHQRVXPHVWXGRUHIHUrQFLDVJHUDWLYLVWDVQRHVWXGR
´'DUHSUHVHQWDomRGRWHPSRHP7LNXQDµ0DUtOLD)DFy6RDUHVXWLOL]DXPPRGHORJHUDWLYRFRPLQFRUSRUDomRGH
PDWHULDOVHPkQWLFRjOD+RUQVWHLQH6WRZHOO
$VXSHUDomRGDKHUDQoDWHyULFRPHWRGROyJLFDGDWDJPrPLFDUHIOHWHXPSURFHVVREHPPDLVDPSOR6Hp
YHUGDGHTXHHVVDVXSHUDomRUHIOHWHDEXVFDGHPRGHORVWHyULFRVPDLVVRILVWLFDGRVSDUDDGHVFULomRGDVOtQJXDV
LQGtJHQDVHODWDPEpPUHIOHWHXPSURFHVVRPDLVJHUDOQDOLQJtVWLFDFRPRXPWRGRHVWDEHOHFHQGRXPDRXWUDUHODomR
UHFtSURFDVHpYHUGDGHTXHDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDDLQGDSRXFRWHPOHYDGRHPFRQVLGHUDomRRXWUDVSHUVSHFWLYDV
WHyULFDVWDPEpPpYHUGDGHTXHHVVDVSHUVSHFWLYDVPXLWRSRXFRWrPOHYDGRHPFRQVLGHUDomRDVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDV
1DYHUGDGHKLVWRULFDPHQWHDVSHUVSHFWLYDVWHyULFDVVREUHDOLQJXDJHPWrPVHFRQVWUXtGRDSDUWLUGDDQiOLVHGRV
GDGRVGHXPFRQMXQWRUHODWLYDPHQWHUHVWULWRGHOtQJXDVQDWXUDLVPXLWRIUHTHQWHPHQWHGHXPD~QLFDOtQJXDQDWXUDO
DQWHVGHVXDH[SDQVmRSDUDDGHVFULomRGHRXWUDVOtQJXDV&LUFXODLQIRUPDOPHQWHHQWUHRVOLQJLVWDVDREVHUYDomR
GHTXHFDGDPRGHORWHyULFRWHPXPD´OtQJXDPDWHUQDµTXHpDGRVHXIXQGDGRU$VVLPpFRPRJUHJRHGHSRLVR
ODWLPSDUDDWUDGLomRJUDPDWLFDOGRRFLGHQWHDQWHVGR5HQDVFLPHQWRFRPDVOtQJXDVLQGRHXURSpLDVSDUDRPRGHOR
KLVWyULFRFRPSDUDWLYRRXFRPRLQJOrVSDUDDJUDPiWLFDJHUDWLYD$H[SDQVmRGRVPRGHORVGHVFULWLYRVSDUDD
GHVFULomRGHRXWUDVOtQJXDVWHPVLGRHQFDUDGDFRPRHVSHFLDOPHQWHSURGXWLYDQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjUHIRUPXODomR
HRXH[SDQVmRGHVVHVPRGHORV$VVLPIRLSRUH[HPSORTXDQGRGDH[SDQVmRGDJUDPiWLFDJHUDWLYDSDUDOtQJXDV
TXHDGPLWHPROLFHQFLDPHQWRGHSRVLo}HVSURQRPLQDLV´YD]LDVµFRPRDVOtQJXDVURPkQLFDV3HORVXUJLPHQWRGH
XPDH[SOLFDomRHVSHFtILFDSDUDHVVHWLSRGHIHQ{PHQRQmRSUHYLVWRQDVSULPHLUDVHODERUDo}HVGRPRGHORGDGR
TXHRLQJOrVQmRDGPLWHHVVHWLSRGHFRQVWUXomRFRQVXEVWDQFLDGRQRSDUkPHWURSUR'URSHQWUHRXWURVIDWRUHV
(16$,26%,%/,2*5É),&26
WHYHVHWDPEpPDLQWURGXomRGHPRGLILFDo}HVLPSRUWDQWHVQRPRGHORJHUDWLYR
0DV H[LVWH XPD LQWHUHVVDQWH H PDLV DQWLJD KLVWyULD GR FRQWDWR HQWUH DV OtQJXDV PHQRV FRQKHFLGDV GD
WUDGLomROLQJtVWLFDRFLGHQWDO²HHVSHFLILFDPHQWHOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDV²HGHFRPRHVVHFRQWDWRSRGHGHVDILDUDV
YLV}HVSUHHVWDEHOHFLGDVVREUHRTXHVHMDXPDOtQJXDHFRPRHVVDVHHVWUXWXUD([LVWHXPORQJRHDQWLJRGHEDWH
DUHVSHLWRGHFRPRRVGDGRVGHFHUWDVOtQJXDV´LQGtJHQDVµGRQRURHVWHGD$PpULFDGR1RUWHQRRWNDVDOLVKEHOD
FRRODWHPGHVDILDGRDSODW{QLFDHIXQGDGRUDQRomRGDXQLYHUVDOLGDGHGDGLVWLQomRRQRPDYVUKHPD²QRPHYV
YHUER²WDOYH]RPDLVIDPRVRHDQWLJRGHEDWHQRVHVWXGRVGDOLQJXDJHPQRRFLGHQWHHPWRGRVRVWHPSRV(VVH
GHVDILRSURSRVWRSHODVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVWHPJHUDGRUHVSRVWDVFRQWUDGLWyULDV3RUXPODGRH[LVWHDSRVWXUDGD
OLQJtVWLFDGHVHGLVWDQFLDUGRVGDGRVGHVVDVOtQJXDV$VREVHUYDo}HVVREUHDVHVWUDQKDVOtQJXDVVHPQRPHH
YHUERGD&RO~PELD%ULWkQLFDWrPVLGRIHLWDVKiXQVRLWHQWDDQRVQRHQWDQWRDVWHRULDVOLQJtVWLFDVWrPFRQVWUXtGR
1RYRV(VWXGRVVREUH/tQJXDV,QGtJHQDV
VXDVFRQFHSo}HVGHQRPHHYHUERPXLWREDVHDGDVDLQGDQRFRPSRUWDPHQWRGRVQRPHVHYHUERVGDVOtQJXDV
LQGRHXURSpLDVGD(XURSD3RURXWURODGRH[LVWHWDPEpPXPDWHQGrQFLDPDLVUHFHQWHGDEXVFDGHGDGRVQHVVDV
OtQJXDVTXHSRVVDPFRQILUPDURXGHVDILDUDVWHRULDVH[LVWHQWHV
6HHVVDWHQGrQFLDUHFHQWHSRGHUHIOHWLUDOJXPDDEHUWXUDQRVHQWLGRTXHHODUHIOHWHXPDWHQGrQFLDGHDPSOLDU
DEDVHGHGDGRVFRPTXHDVWHRULDVOLQJtVWLFDVWUDEDOKDPHODQmRSRGHVHULQJHQXDPHQWHUHFHELGDFRPRXPD
SRVWXUDHVVHQFLDOPHQWH´SOXUDOLVWDµRX´XQLYHUVDOLVWDµDRPHQRVGRSRQWRGHYLVWDSROtWLFR2SURIHVVRU:LOPDU
'·$QJHOLVDTXHPGHYRDYDOLRVDREVHUYDomRGRHVWUDQKDPHQWRHGRGLVWDQFLDPHQWRTXHDOLQJtVWLFDWHyULFDWHP
GHPRQVWUDGRFRPDVOtQJXDVGLWDV´LQGtJHQDVµDFUHVFHQWDTXHPHVPRTXDQGRROLQJLVWD´GHJDELQHWHµVHGLJQD
DSHVTXLVDURVGDGRVGHVVDVOtQJXDV´HVWUDQKDVµHODRID]UHSURGX]LQGRRSURFHVVRGHHVSROLDomRDTXHHVVHV
SRYRVWrPVLGRVXEPHWLGRVDWUDYpVGRVVpFXORV
6HPG~YLGDHVVDUHODomRKLVWyULFDGHHVSROLDomRSRGHVHUXWLOL]DGDFRPRFULWpULRGHILQLGRUGRWHUPRLQGtJHQD
HPOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDSRLVWXGRRTXHHVVDUHODomRLPSOLFRXFRORQL]DomRHYDQJHOL]DomRLPSHULDOLVPRHVWi
QDEDVHGHVVHDGMHWLYRTXHGHOLPLWDHVVDiUHDGDOLQJtVWLFD2SUySULRIDWRGHTXHRHVWXGRGHERDSDUWH²VHQmR
DJUDQGHPDLRULD²GDVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVGRPXQGRVHGHYDDPLVVLRQiULRVpSRUVLVyEDVWDQWHUHYHODGRUGHVVH
SURFHVVR 'HVVH SURFHVVR PLVVLRQiULR D OLQJtVWLFD LQGtJHQD KHUGRX GXDV RXWUDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV TXH WDPEpP
FRQVWLWXHPXPGLIHUHQFLDO(PSULPHLUROXJDUFUHLRTXHVHSRGHULDFRORFDURIDWRGHTXHRVWUDEDOKRVGHVFULWLYRV
GHVVDVOtQJXDVFRVWXPDPVHUDFRPSDQKDGRVFRPXPWUDEDOKRGHGHILQLomRGHXPDHVFULWDSDUDHVVDVOtQJXDV2
GLIHUHQFLDOHQWUHDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDFRQWHPSRUkQHDHDTXHVHID]LDDQWHVGHODDSURPRYLGDSHOR6,/SRUH[HPSOR
HPHVPRFRPUHODomRjVGHVFULo}HVTXHVHID]LDPDQWHVGRDGYHQWRGDDQiOLVHGLWDOLQJtVWLFDVHMDFRPUHODomRjV
OtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVVHMDFRPUHODomRDWRGRRUHVWRpHVVHGHVFRODPHQWRGHTXDOTXHUSURSyVLWRHYDQJHOL]DGRUDR
PHQRVQRVHQWLGRPDLVHVWULWDPHQWHUHOLJLRVRGHVVHWHUPR(PVHJXQGROXJDUHVWiRIDWRUHYHODGRUGHXPDVpULH
GHTXHVW}HVVXEMDFHQWHVGHDVGHVFULo}HVGHVVDVOtQJXDVVHUHPHODERUDGDVSULPHLUDPHQWHHHPDOJXQVFDVRV
XQLFDPHQWHSRUIDODQWHVHVWUDQJHLURV²QmRQDWLYRV²GHVVDVOtQJXDV2TXHLQWHUHVVDDTXLQmRpWRGRRFRQMXQWR
GHSURFHGLPHQWRVPHWRGROyJLFRVTXHGHYHDFRPSDQKDURHVWXGLRVRGHXPDOtQJXDTXHQmRpDVXDOtQJXDPDWHUQD
SDUDDWHVWDJHPGHKLSyWHVHV,QWHUHVVDPRVSURSyVLWRVSROtWLFRVFRPTXHpIHLWD
(VVHFRPSOH[RGHILQLGRUGRTXHpDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDVXUSUHHQGHQWHPHQWHVHUHYHODKLVWRULFDPHQWHDLQGD
PDLVDQWLJRGRTXHDVVLWXDo}HVGHFRQWDWRHQWUHRVSRYRVHXURSHXVHRVGRFRQWLQHQWHDPHULFDQR$JUDPDWL]DomR
(16$,26%,%/,2*5É),&26
GHOtQJXDVVHQGRSURPRYLGDSRUHVWUDQJHLURVFRPSURSyVLWRGHFRQYHUVmRDDOJXPDUHOLJLmRSRGHVHULGHQWLILFDGD
SDUDLQ~PHUDVVLWXDo}HVHPpSRFDVGLIHUHQWHVHPTXHSRYRVWmRGLVWLQWRVFRPRRVDQWLJRVJRGRVRVWRFDULDQRVH
RVIXODQLVDSHQDVSDUDFLWDUXPH[HPSORGHFDGDFRQWLQHQWHHGHUHOLJL}HVGLIHUHQWHVFRPHoDUDPDHVFUHYHU,VVR
WDOYH]VHMDLQWHUHVVDQWHSDUDGLVFXWLUDFRQVWUXomRGRVHQWLGRGRWHUPRLQGtJHQDHGHVHXVGHULYDGRVFRUUHODWRV
(QWHQGRJUDPDWL]DomRQRVHQWLGRGH6\OYDLQ$XURX[$5HYROXomR7HFQROyJLFDGD*UDPDWL]DomR&DPSLQDV
(GLWRUDGD8QLFDPSTXHFRQVLGHUDRDGYHQWRGHDOJXPVLVWHPDGHHVFULWDFRPRXPDSULPHLUDJUDPDWL]DomR
HDHODERUDomRGHXPDJUDPiWLFDHVFULWDFRPRXPDVHJXQGDJUDPDWL]DomR$XURX[WUDWDGRDVVXQWRQRDWDFDGR
HFRQVLGHUDSULQFLSDOPHQWHDTXHODVFXOWXUDVHPTXHDSULPHLUDJUDPDWL]DomRVHGiFRPXPLQWHUYDOREDVWDQWH
JUDQGHGDVHJXQGDHHPTXHDPERVRVSURFHVVRVVmRSURPRYLGRVGHGHQWURSDUDIRUDFRPRDFRQWHFHXFRPR
JUHJRHRVkQVFULWR
0iUFLR5HQDWR*XLPDUmHV
&UHLRTXHRGLIHUHQFLDOHQWUHDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQDTXHRUDVHSURPRYHHDVDERUGDJHQVDQWHULRUHVSRGHVHU
YLVOXPEUDGRDSDUWLUGRHVWXGRGRMiFLWDGR'·$QJHOLV´8QLILFDomR['LYHUVLILFDomR2UWRJUiILFDXPGLOHPDLQGtJHQD
RXGHOLQJLVWDV"µTXHpRVHJXQGRHGHORQJHRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHHVWXGRLQFOXtGRQROLYURRUDUHVHQKDGR6XD
LPSRUWkQFLDHVWiHPUHIOHWLUVREUHDVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVHLPSOLFDo}HVpWLFDVGRWUDEDOKRGDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQD
2DUWLJRFRQWUDVWDFRPWRGRVRVRXWURVSRUQmRVHUXPDUWLJRGHVFULWLYRVHMDGHXPIUDJPHQWRGHJUDPiWLFD
VHMDGDJUDPiWLFDQRJHUDO$QWHVHOHFRQWpPXPDUHIOH[mRDSDUWLUGRUHODWRGHWUrVH[SHULrQFLDVGRDXWRUFRP
SRYRVLQGtJHQDVTXHGHPDQGDYDPDIL[DomRGHXPDHVFULWDSDUDDVXDOtQJXD1RVWUrVFDVRV²RV$VKDQLQNDGR
$P{QLD$FUHRV1KDQGHZD*XDUDQt6mR3DXORH1RUWHGR3DUDQiHRV.DLQJDQJGH6mR3DXOR²WUDWDYDVH
GH OtQJXDV TXH Mi WLQKDP VLVWHPDV GH HVFULWD IL[DGRV HP SHOR PHQRV GRLV FDVRV $VKDQLQND H .DLQJDQJ SRU
HPSUHHQGLPHQWRVPLVVLRQiULRVOHYDGRVDr[LWRVRERVDXVStFLRVGR6,/1RFDVRGRV.DLQJDQJHGRV$VKDQLQND
WUDWDYDVHGHFRPXQLGDGHVSHTXHQDVUHODWLYDPHQWHGLVWDQWHVGRJURVVRGRVIDODQWHVGDTXHODVOtQJXDV(QRFDVR
GRV.DLQJDQJHGRV1KDQGHZD*XDUDQtWUDWDYDVHGHFRPXQLGDGHVHPTXHDOtQJXDWLQKDSDUDDPDLRULDGRV
IDODQWHVVHSHUGLGR
1RVWUrVFDVRVIRUDPDVSUySULDVFRPXQLGDGHVTXHSURFXUDUDPDDMXGDGRVOLQJLVWDVSDUDSUHVHUYDUVXDV
OtQJXDVFRPRSDUWHGHVXDLGHQWLGDGHFRPRJUXSRSDUWLFXODUQmRVyHPUHODomRDRVQmRtQGLRVPDVHPUHODomR
DJUXSRVPDLRUHV0DVFRPRRSUySULRDXWRUOHPEUDIDODQGRGRV$VKDQLQND
´1RHQWDQWRLVVRQmRVLJQLILFDDVVXPLUFRPRSRQWRGHSDUWLGDXPDSROtWLFDGHVHU¶VHPSUHGLIHUHQWH·GRVGHPDLV
SDUDFRPLVVRGHILQLUXPDLGHQWLGDGHSUySULD$VSHVVRDVGDFRPXQLGDGH$VKDQLQNDFRPTXHWUDEDOKHLQDGHILQLomR
RUWRJUiILFDHVWDYDPSOHQDPHQWHLPEXtGDVGHEXVFDUXPDVROXomRDGHTXDGDSDUDDVXDUHDOLGDGHQmRLPSRUWDQGR
HPWHUPRVJHUDLVVHHTXDQGRLVVRRVDSUR[LPDYDRXRVDIDVWDYDGDVHVFULWDVMiHVWDEHOHFLGDVPDVQmRGHL[DQGR
GHFRQWHPSODUDLPSRUWkQFLDGDVVXDVUHODo}HVFRPRVRXWURV$VKDQLQNDµ
(PERUDDWHVHFHQWUDOVHMDGHPRQVWUDUTXHDXQLILFDomRRUWRJUiILFDQmRpXPEHPHPVLHTXHDGLYHUVLILFDomR
RUWRJUiILFDQmRpQHFHVVDULDPHQWHSUHMXGLFLDOjXQLGDGHGHXPSRYRLQGtJHQDRSRQWRFUXFLDOGRWH[WRGH'·$QJHOLV
pDGHPRQVWUDomRGHTXHDVGHFLV}HVFRQFHUQHQWHVjVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVGHYHPUHVSHLWDUDDXWRQRPLDGHFDGD
SRYRVREUHVXDOtQJXD,VVRpYiOLGRFHUWDPHQWHSDUDHVFROKDVFRPRDXQLILFDomRRUWRJUiILFDHRHQVLQRGDOtQJXD
PDVSRGHULDVHUHVWHQGLGRSDUDRWUDEDOKRPDLV´WpFQLFRµGRVOLQJLVWDV2WUDEDOKRGHVFULWLYRVREUHXPDOtQJXD
(16$,26%,%/,2*5É),&26
LQGtJHQDQXQFDSRGHVHUHQWHQGLGRFRPRXPWUDEDOKRGHVLQWHUHVVDGRLQWHUSUHWDQGRVHHVVHGHVLQWHUHVVHFRPR
QHXWURGRSRQWRGHYLVWDpWLFRVREUHWXGRSRUTXHHPSULPHLUROXJDUHVVDSRVWXUDLPSOLFDQmRXPDQHXWUDOLGDGH
PDVXPDFRPSOHWDGHVFRQVLGHUDomRSDUDFRPRSRYRGHTXHVHDSURSULDRFRQKHFLPHQWRVREUHDOtQJXD(P
VHJXQGROXJDUGDGRTXHROLQJLVWDQmRpXPVHULVRODGRPDVUHSUHVHQWDXPFRQMXQWRGHLQVWLWXLo}HVTXHQD
PHGLGDHPTXHHOHVHDSURSULDGHXPFRQKHFLPHQWRHIHWLYDPDVLQVWLWXLo}HVHVVDDSURSULDomRGHFRQKHFLPHQWR
DWUDYpVGHOH
(VVDGLVFXVVmRSRGHULDVHUHVWHQGLGDSDUDDOpPGDOLQJtVWLFDLQGtJHQD1DYHUGDGHHODPDOIRLLQLFLDGDQD
OLQJtVWLFDPDLVDPSODPHQWHFRQVLGHUDGD'DGRTXHRWUDEDOKRGHTXDOTXHUOLQJLVWDQmRWHPFRQGLo}HVPXLWR
GLIHUHQWHVGDVGROLQJLVWDTXHWUDEDOKDFRPOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVDUHIOH[mRDTXHFRQYLGD'·$QJHOLVQRPtQLPRWHP
DYLUWXGHGHDSRQWDUSDUDDQHFHVVLGDGHGHVHGLVFXWLUHVVHWLSRGHDVVXQWR
1RYRV(VWXGRVVREUH/tQJXDV,QGtJHQDV
)LQDOPHQWHRHVWXGRTXHDEUHDFROHWkQHD´1RWtFLDVREUHDOtQJXDSXUXUREiµGH5XWK0DULD)RQLQL0RQWVHUUDW
WDPEpPFRQWUDVWDFRPRVRXWURV(PERUDWUDWHGHXPDOtQJXDLQGtJHQDSDUWLFXODUHOHQmRpXPDGHVFULomRGH
QHQKXPDVSHFWRJUDPDWLFDOGHODHHPERUDVHMDXPUHODWRFRPRYHQWHGDKLVWyULDGRSXURUREiHOHWDPEpPQmR
FRPSRUWDQHQKXPDGHVFULomRGHDVSHFWRKLVWyULFRHRXGLDFU{QLFRGDOtQJXD(PDPERVRVFDVRVEDVLFDPHQWH
SRUTXHDOtQJXDHVWiH[WLQWD6HXSULQFLSDOPpULWRpRUHJLVWURGHXPDKLVWyULDTXHHPPDLRURXPHQRUPHGLGD
UHIOHWHHUHVXPHDKLVWyULDGDH[SHULrQFLDGHFRQWDWRRXGHFRQIOLWRHQWUHDVOtQJXDVLQGtJHQDVEUDVLOHLUDVHR
SRUWXJXrVQR%UDVLO
2V3XURUREiIRUDPFRQWDWDGRVHPHIRUDPGL]LPDGRVSRUHSLGHPLDVGHGRHQoDVWUD]LGDVSHORVEUDQFRV
2VUHPDQHVFHQWHVGHVVHSRYRFRQVLGHUDGRH[WLQWRSHOD)81$,YLYHPHVSDOKDGRVSRUGLYHUVRVPXQLFtSLRVGH
5RQG{QLD(PGHRXWXEURGHIRLUHDOL]DGRVRERSDWURFtQLRGR&,0,52&RQVHOKR,QGLJHQLVWD0LVVLRQiULR
QXPVtWLRHP6HULQJXHLUD52XPHQFRQWURFRPUHSUHVHQWDWHVGRVUHPDQHVFHQWHVGHVVHSRYR$DXWRUDUHFROKHX
DSDUWLUGHHQWUHYLVWDVFRPVHLVGRVPDLVYHOKRVLQWHJUDQWHVGHVVHSRYR²QHQKXPGRVTXDLVIDODQWHGH3XURUREi
²FHUFDGHSDODYUDVGRTXHIRLROp[LFRGHVVDOtQJXD(PERUDQmRSURSRQKDQHPDSURIXQGHQHQKXPSRQWRGH
UHIOH[mRVREUHRFDVRDTXHVHUHIHUHHVVHWH[WRQmRGHL[DGHWHULQWHUHVVHQmRVyFRPRGRFXPHQWRLPSRUWDQWH
PDV²HWDOYH]MXVWDPHQWHSHODIDOWDGHVVDUHIOH[mR²FRPRLOXVWUDQGRRIDWRGHTXHGHFDVRVPXLWRVHPHOKDQWHV
SRVVDPWHUVHRULJLQDGRUHVSRVWDVWmRGLIHUHQWHV2FDVRGRV3XURUREiUHIOHWHXPHVWiJLRPDLVDYDQoDGRGDPHVPD
VLWXDomRHQFRQWUDGDHQWUHRV.DLQJDQJGH6mR3DXORHRV1KDQGHZi*XDUDQtFRPRDJUDYDQWHGHTXHDOtQJXD
QmRIRLFRQVHUYDGDHPRXWUDFRPXQLGDGHHQmRSRGHUiMDPDLVVHUUHVWDXUDGD$TXLSRUpPRQtYHOGHUHIOH[mRQmR
UHIOHWHDUDGLFDOLGDGHHDPDLRUSURIXQGLGDGHGRSURFHVVRGHDFXOWXUDomRHGHVDJUHJDomRGRJUXSRVRFLDO$QWHV
HOHVHUHYHODWmRSREUHTXDQWRUDVRRTXHUHDOoDDLPSRUWkQFLDGRVFDVRVGHVFULWRVSRU'·$QJHOLVHQRVPRVWUDR
TXDQWRDLQGDWHPRVGHWULOKDU7RPDUDTXHRVtQGLRVVREUHYLYDPDWpOi
(16$,26%,%/,2*5É),&26
?ÀVÊ,i>ÌÊÕ>ÀKiÃÊjÊ«ÀviÃÃÀÊ`Ê
i«>ÀÌ>iÌÊ`iÊ}ØÃÌV>]ÊiÌÀ>ÃÊ
?ÃÃV>ÃÊiÊ
6iÀ?VÕ>ÃÊ`>Ê1ÛiÀÃ`>`iÊi`iÀ>Ê`Ê*>À>?°