Arrays

Objects allow you to store keyed collections of values. That�s fine.

But quite often we find that we need an ordered collection, where we have a 1st, a
2nd, a 3rd element and so on. For example, we need that to store a list of
something: users, goods, HTML elements etc.

It is not convenient to use an object here, because it provides no methods to

manage the order of elements. We can�t insert a new property �between� the existing
ones. Objects are just not meant for such use.

There exists a special data structure named Array, to store ordered collections.

Declaration
There are two syntaxes for creating an empty array:

let arr = new Array();

let arr = [];
Almost all the time, the second syntax is used. We can supply initial elements in
the brackets:

let fruits = ["Apple", "Orange", "Plum"];

Array elements are numbered, starting with zero.

We can get an element by its number in square brackets:

let fruits = ["Apple", "Orange", "Plum"];

alert( fruits[0] ); // Apple

alert( fruits[1] ); // Orange
alert( fruits[2] ); // Plum
We can replace an element:

fruits[2] = 'Pear'; // now ["Apple", "Orange", "Pear"]

�Or add a new one to the array:

fruits[3] = 'Lemon'; // now ["Apple", "Orange", "Pear", "Lemon"]

The total count of the elements in the array is its length:

let fruits = ["Apple", "Orange", "Plum"];

alert( fruits.length ); // 3
We can also use alert to show the whole array.

let fruits = ["Apple", "Orange", "Plum"];

alert( fruits ); // Apple,Orange,Plum