1. WHAT IS INDUSTRY 4.

were used for the first time in Cincinnati slaughterhouses for meat preparation. Latter the
principle of assembly lines were subsequently adapted to the automotive industry. The
key role in the Second Industrial Revolution belonged to essential change in the sphere of
energy because steam was replaced by electricity.

Fig. 1.1 The history of industrial revolution

In the seventh decade of the 20th century the Third Industrial Revolution took place,
which is sometimes called the digital revolution. During this period, digital technolo-
gy, central and personal computers were installed in the industry and other areas of
society. The technical changes starting with chip installation have radically changed
the private and public sectors. Hand-operated devices have been replaced by numer-
ically controlled (NC) and computer numerically controlled (CNC) devices.

All three industrial revolutions have led to radical changes of production conditions,
which impact has affected the entire society. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is taking
place on the foundation of the third digital revolution. Today‘s situation, where modern
enterprises find themselves again, has become much more complicated. Science and
technology are becoming more important and getting more and more attention, and
international relations determined by globalization became a matter of understanding
itself. These processes encourage changes in production. The digital industry, robotic
and automated factories in which a large part of the work is done by machines and ro-
bots, and people only supervise them – is the reality of many companies in the world.
This is the most obvious digital revolution called consequences of Industry 4.0.

7KLVGRFXPHQWKDVEHHQFUHDWHGLQWKH(UDVPXVSURMHFW³,QGXVWU\&+$OOH1*((PSRZHULQJ0HWDOZRUNHUV)RU6PDUW)DFWRULHVRI
12 WKH)XWXUH&+$1*(´XQGHUWKH3URJUDPPH.$&RRSHUDWLRQIRULQRYDWLRQDQGWKHH[FKDQJHRIJRRGSUDFWLFHV±6HFWRU6NLOOV
$OOLDQFHV3URMHFW1R/7.$7KH(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ
VVXSSRUWIRUWKHSURGXFWLRQRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQGRHVQRW
FRQVWLWXWHDQHQGRUVHPHQWRIWKHFRQWHQWVZKLFKUHIOHFWWKHYLHZVRQO\RIWKHDXWKRUVDQGWKH&RPPLVVLRQFDQQRWEHKHOGUHVSRQVLEOH
IRUDQ\XVHZKLFKPD\EHPDGHRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWDLQHGWKHUHLQ