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Teologi Wabah Perspektif Islam TTG Pandemi PDF
Teologi Wabah Perspektif Islam TTG Pandemi PDF
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Perspektif Modern:
• Coronaviruses primarily infect birds and mammals, causing a variety of
lethal diseases that particularly impact the farming industry. The
viruses can also infect humans and cause disease to varying degrees,
from upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) resembling common
fever, to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) such as bronchitis,
pneumonia, and even severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).
(Dewald Schoeman & Burtram C. Fielding, 2019)
• The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes atypical pneumonia
(COVID-19) has spread rapidly in China since December 2019 and has
spread to over 26 countries by February 2020. It becomes pandemic as
no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines are available yet. (Shang,
Rao & Rao, 2020)
• COVID-19 spreads rapidly by human-to-human transmission with a
median incubation period of 3.0 days (range, 0 to 24.0), and the time
from symptom onset to developing pneumonia is 4.0 days (range, 2.0
to 7.0). Respiratory droplets and direct contact are conventional
transmission routes for SARS-CoV-2, and fecal-to-oral transmission
might also have a role. Fever, dry cough, and fatigue are common
symptoms at onset of COVID-19. Most patients have lymphopenia and
bilateral ground-glass opacity changes on chest CT scans.
Natural or Invented?
In one scenario, the virus evolved to its current
pathogenic state through natural selection in a non-
human host and then jumped to humans. This is how
previous corona virus outbreaks have emerged, with
humans contracting the virus after direct exposure to /kg
civets (SARS) and camels (MERS). The researchers
proposed bats as the most likely reservoir for SARS-CoV-
2 as it is very similar to a bat corona virus. There are no
documented cases of direct bat-human transmission,
however, suggesting that an intermediate host was likely
involved between bats and humans.
In the other proposed scenario, a non-pathogenic
version of the virus jumped from an animal host into
humans and then evolved to its current pathogenic state
within the human population. For instance, some corona
viruses from pangolins, armadillo-like mammals found
in Asia and Africa, have an RBD structure very similar to
that of SARS-CoV-2. “A corona virus from a pangolin
K.G. Andersen, A. Rambaut, W.I.
could possibly have been transmitted to a human, either Lipkin, E.C. Holmes, R.F. Garry,
directly or through an intermediary host such as civets “The proximal origin of SARS-
or ferrets.” CoV-2”. Nature Medicine (2020).
vector
host
Aneka Penyakit terkait Kuman:
Bacteria-caused diseases: Virus-caused diseases:
Cholera – Vibrio cholerae AIDS – Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Anthrax – Bacillus anthracis Smallpox (Cacar) – Variola virus
Diphtheria – Corynebact. diphtheriae Influenza (Swine, Bird Flu) – H1N1 virus
Leprosy – Mycobacterium leprae Mumps (Beguk) – Parotitis virus
Botulism – Clostridium botulinum Poliomyelitis – Polio virus > no cure
Syphilis – Treponema pallidum Chicken Pox – Varicella zoster virus
Tetanus – Clostridium tetani Measles (Campak) – Paramixovirus
Plague – Yersinia pestis Dengue (Demam berdarah) – D. virus (DENV)
Impetigo – Streptococcus/Staphylococcus Chikungunya – Alpha virus > nyamuk Mesir
Tuberculosis – Mycobact. tuberculosis Cirrhosis (Liver) – Hepatoviruses A, B, C, D
Typhoid fever (Tipus) – Salmonella typhi EVD (Demam Ebola) – Ebola virus
Pertussis (Batuk Rejan) – Bordetella pert. Pneumonia – SARS corona virus (SARS-CoV)
dan atau MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV)
Fungi-caused diseases:
Covid-19 – novel corona virus (2019-nCoV)
Tinea pedis (Jamur kulit) – Epidermo-
phyton floccosum Worms-caused diseases:
Protozoa-caused diseases: Tapeworm - inside human and animal intestine
Malaria – Plasmodium vivax Hookworm disease – Ancylostoma duodenale
Trypanosomiasis – virus lalat tsetse Roundworm disease – Ascaris lumbricoides
Amoebic dysentery – Entamoeba hist. Blood fluke disease – Schistossoma mansoni
Apa mesti kita lakukan?
If you are healthy:
• stay home (no traveling)
• keep clean (wash & mask)
• avoid contact (social distancing)
• do not have visitors to your home
Thā‘ūn
()طَاع ُو ْن
Ada tiga yang dimaksud dengan
istilah Tha‘un, yaitu:
(i) gejala-gejala atau simptom
dari penyakit sebagaimana
disebutkan oleh pakar medis.
Banyak orang dijadikan sesat karenanya dan banyak pula yang justru mendapat hidayah.
Countless invisible creatures ..
ن الْح َ ِّي
َ ِ ج ال ْمَي ِّتَ م
ُ ِيخْر
ُ َ ّت و
ِ ِ ن ال ْمَي
َ ِ ج الْح َ ّي م
ُ ِيخْر
ُ •
“Dia mengeluarkan yang hidup dari yang mati dan
mengeluarkan yang mati dari yang hidup.” (ar-Rum: 19)
Hakikat Musibah:
ِ ّ• ق ُلْ لَنْ يُصِ يب َنَا ِإلّا م َا كَت َبَ الل ّه ُ لَنَا ه ُو َمَوْل َانَاۚ و َعَلَى الل ّه ِ فَل ْيَت َوَك
َل ال ْمُؤْم ِن ُون
)at-Tawbah: 51(
“Katakanlah: Tidak akan menimpa kami kecuali
sesuatu yang sudah Allah tetapkan bagi kami. Dialah
pelindung kami dan hanya kepada-Nya orang-orang
beriman bergantung (tawakal).”
َٰب
ٍ َ سك ُ ْم ِإلّا فِى كِت ِ • م َا أَ صَابَ م ِنْ ُّمّصِ يبَة ٍ فِى ٱل َْأ ْر
ِ ُ ض وَل َا ف ِي أَ نف
)al-Hadid: 22( ل أَ ن ن َبْر َأَ ه َا
ِ ْ مّ ِن قَب
“Tiada bencana apapun yang menimpa sesuatu di
bumi dan tidak pula pada dirimu melainkan telah
tertulis sebelum Kami menciptakannya.”
Soal Kematian:
ك قَدِير ًا
َ ِ ن وَك َانَ الل ّه عَلَى ذل
َ ت ب ِآخَر ِي ُ • ِإ ْن يَش َْأ ي ُ ْذهِبْك ُ ْم َأ ُّ ّيه َا الن ّا
ِ س و َي َْأ
“Wahai manusia, jika Ia menghendaki, niscaya
Ia lenyapkan kalian dan Ia munculkan makhluk lain
Allah maha berkuasa melakukan itu” )an-Nisa’ 133 (
Khalifah Umar beserta para Sahabat dalam perjalanan dinas menuju Syam (Suriah),
lalu terdengar berita bahwa wabah penyakit sedang melanda negeri itu, maka para
Sahabat berselisih pendapat apakah meneruskan perjalanan ke sana atau balik pulang
ke Madinah. Panglima tentara waktu itu adalah Jenderal Abu ‘Ubaydah bin al-Jarrah.
Maka Khalifah Umar mengumpulkan para Sahabat senior untuk bermusyawarah.
Ibn Hajar, Fath al-Bari bi-syarh Shahih al-Bukhari, ed. ‘Abdul Qadir Syaybah al-Hamd
(Riyadh: t.p., 1421/2001), juz 10, hlm .189-190 (kitab at-Tibb, hadis no. 5728 ff) .
Khalifah Umar minta pendapat tokoh-tokoh senior dari kalangan Sahabat Muhajirin.
Mereka sepakat menyarankan agar Khalifah Umar membatalkan kunjungan dan putar
balik ke Madinah. Lalu beliau pun berseru: “Wahai rombongan sekalian, aku bersiap
untuk berangkat pulang, maka bersiaplah”. Jenderal Abu ‘Ubaydah berkata: “Apakah
kita lari dari takdir Allah?” Maka Khalifah Umar menjawab: “Benar, kita lari dari takdir
Allah yang satu menuju takdir Allah yang lain. Bukankah jika engkau menggembala unta
akan memilih tanah yang subur daripada tanah yang kering tandus?”
Dalam riwayat lain Abu ‘Ubaydah berkata: “Apakah kita lari dari kematian?
Sesungguhnya kita ini sudah ditakdirkan. Tidak akan menimpa kita kecuali
yang sudah Allah tetapkan bagi kita.”
س ط
َ ع
َ ا ذ
َ ِ
إ ن
َ اكَ م َّ
ل س و ِ
و ي ل
َ ع
َ اهلل ىَّ
ل ص ي
َّ ِ
بَّ
ن ال َّ
َن أ •
َ َ َ َ ْ ُ َ
.ُص ْوتَو اه ِ
ب ض غ و ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ َّ
َ َ َّ َ َ ْ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ َ غَط
و بو ثب َو أ ه د ي ب و هج و ى
• “Bahwasanya Nabi shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam
apabila bersin menutup wajahnya dengan tangan
atau kain bajunya sambil menahan suaranya.”
ل:
نَ الن ّ َبِيّ َ صَل ّ َى الل ّه عَلَيْه ِ وَسَل ّ َم َ قَا َ
ِي رَضِيَ الل ّه عَن ْه ُ ،أَ ّ
• ع َنْ أَ بِي سَع ِيدٍ الْخ ُ ْدر ّ ِ
ن م َاجَه ْ و َالد َّار َق ُ ْطنِيّ و َغَي ْر ُهُمَا مُسْنَدًا .
ن رَو َاه ُ اب ْ ُ «ل َاَضَرَر ََوَل َاَضِر َا َر َ»َحَدِيثٌ َ
حسَ ٌ
Nabi SAW pernah berdoa: “Ya Allah, aku berlindung kepada-Mu dari
penyakit kulit, penyakit jiwa, penyakit kusta, dan segala penyakit ganas”
Vitiligo:
Leprosy:
أ