OFIABIERHE Boenenne Paanea 1. Qacerpoecaan cua nanan wes H yrosam peak : Fagaa I. Kaaccupurayua u eyuncere dyeo ‘aod coax Taaga 2 Ixenrpiucenan coopoensn dyea ST Gouoanse” nowsrws $2. Tensonweceotcrea caaposnon aycn $5, rlaansetne wnepevioc werasaa w ayee Taaea 3, Merownunu nuranut coapoxnon aveu $4 Ocuowaie spesonanns § 3. Caaposinie npeosparonaresit $6. Caapouite “Gnnapara nepenewnoro $7. Crapowine sunpsuureni $8 Mottram oscayausanne coaporno, ro" oSopyaosannn Taaou 4. Meraxsypoureckue now cnapne $55. onmrne’o cnaprnacuoers $10. Ocuosuwe peaxinm 8 sow! ceapan $11, Kpneranansaun meraaiaa crapor npowecces Tagsa 5. Coapowan nposo.oKa u o4ckr: pode $12 Ceapowan npor $13. Merananvecre snexrpoan Taa0a 6. Texwosoeun pyrnon dycoaod coapKu $14, Coapnae coeamenhn w wine $15. BuiGop penne crap W texwKa § 16, Bucononporanonien nse pr $17. Hebopwaunm u iaspieinm api cnapae ocd aasa7. Aeronaruweckan u noayasromare ‘ueccan coapea” nod acon $18. Cyunocms m npennyuecra § 19. Crapounte paiew § 20. OGopynowanne aan § 24. Peon cap Se aren coeds” coapu conapKn Hoa ae 38 3x 2 a 6 6 7 Taaea 8 Coapna 6 saqurnon case $23. Cyunocrs me npenmyucecrea § 24. Sauwrie ‘tase § 25. Osopyzonanne sis coapsn B aauinr § 28. Texuosornn aprovoayronol cnapen $27, Texnosoru ayrosed ebapn yr Fanaa 9. flyeonan peoxa $28. Cnocod peak asaonunes aaeKr pono § 29, Groce’ peak venaaanianves rexrpoaos| Pasges IL. Fasonas caapxa x wncnopoanan eka Taasa 10. Farosan caapKa $50" Ocopyaosanne. ranoesapounuix ‘no: $31. Coapouinue” ropes Taasa 11. Coapowoe naana 432. Tanna am cnapnn 4 peaen weraaston § 83. Caapounoe mann Paaea 12. Texnosocun eas0s00 coapru 5°34. Texniia aunonvennn raaovon caapxn $35. Texwanarim razono®enapxi Pasa 13. Kucaopodan peoxa $6 Cyamcers mone wrsopommh 5.37, Ssopyzosamne aha pean $38. Textanoran” anedpoanon “peaxs Rachopoaiot Pasaea Il, Kowraxrvan csapsa aaoa 14, Ternasocua sowraxruod aapKi $39. Cymmoets xowraxtwo cnapin § 40. Crakonas xowraxrian caapxa § 41, Tosesnam xowracnen cnapra $42 Ulonwan” Movraxcvan cnapKa Faaaa 15. O6opydooanue d12 KonraxrHon esapau $48. Maunies aan cruxonon KonTaKriol napa 644, Mattias an rovesviow Kotrsxritod napa $45. Mamnnw aan woasoi xowraxtioll caapxi nm 9 81 % a 89 89 8 2 Pa o 98 100 101 01 03 105 105 lor Pasnea IV. OcoGennocrs rextoaoran caapxi paniwsnux marepuaaos. Hanaanonnie a6oru. Caapxa’tpyGoapoxoaon Faasa 16, Coopca sezuposonnee erased § 48. Caapueaewocrs aeruposainss craneh § 47, Caapea nionaternpenannten cranen § 48. Caapnacpene: n nuconaernpona Taasa 17. CsapKa yserme aerasios w $49. OcosenvocrH caapen unernux we § 80. Coapea wean x ee eriaasos $81, Caspea anowunn 9 ero. enaavos Lagoa 18. Coapsa syeyna J Ee oeatencci car yaa 33 Fopavan chapna. ayrya $54. Xonoanan coapKawyryna Paasa 19, Hansasownme pasors $55. Buaw wansanowwux pasor $56. Texsasori wanaanxn Fagea 20. Caapka nosunepon u naacrnace $57. Ocwontte anaut noainwepos n naar $88. Cocos Taava 21. CaapKa rpy6orposodoa $59. Howemcrarypa 1 coprawewr tpy6 1 paconnsy acted $00. Hlosroroexa Tpy6 % cuapxe $61. Cnocodar it pexnals epapee Pasgea V. Kowrpay xavectaa ceapet "Textuxa Gesonacuocre Faaea 22. Konrpoxe xavecrea capri $62. Ocnomuie nedexnar cxapnesx woos $63. Brau notrposn caapuus eoesueant cheapo Taana 28, Texwuva Besonacnocrs § 54, Ocwosnite nosomenns tex Ger ‘onacnocrn npm sneKrpitecKok enapKe ‘TennnaGeonacuocra npn reson esapke xHeaopoauoR pean 86. Tenia SesonacnocrH ph KoRT Donnaix wenranmx Caapiias Wao Texitika Gesonaciocr# a crpo ‘esbito-wowraiioR HaowtaaKe CCncon aireparypi 5 55. $07, 129 129 12 Ise 134 135 13T 0 Mo 43 143 15. ry 8 149 150 185 158 185 186 160 160 163, 164 165 166BBK 30.616 Tr 27 YAK 621.791 Peuexsent—kaun. texs. nay K. B. Bacussea (Beccowaninh haysio-nectexowareabexnh m xoveTpysTopenil wicriTy? aBroreniorg Fenopxsn B. P T2T — Ccuoses csapouoro aera: YueOwuk ans crpowr. ene TexuikyMos.— 4-e wai, nepepa6, # aon. — M.: Bucut. aux, 1985.—168 €., ua. 45 6, 3B. ytcOume sts ocromy rernonormn ATOM, sAePOUAAKOND, Xo sessions "anand eps, cropoaton 1 tenrpastioso pow ocobenoct Sashes, “sue Costa enn "ap, oyapngne seunpeno brncante wallnn RonTaRTHON coaphes Baeaesa rave , 1979 Hanarenberao «Blectam uixoaa>, 1985, ¢ wswewenunwnBBENEHHE Slanenue anekrpuneckoro ayronoro pagpaaa sneppsie 6siz0 orKpeiTo 8 1802 r. pycekiim yueubim, mpodeccopom Tlerep6yprekonsteauko-xupyprieckod axanemth B.°B. Terpopum. B CHOHX Tpyaax oH He TONEKO Omucaa anente atekrpiieekof yea, Ho H spent ckagaa BoaworKHOcTs McnoassonanuR ensoru, BueArseMOR ayrof, naw Naas: senus wetaaa08. Oaako 8 TO BpeMst 370 OTKpHiTiHe He Halll40 npakTuvecKoro piMeHeHUA 3-38 HASKOTO ypOBUR pas- ius rexuky. Toabko enyers 80 er, 1882 r. Taawraupst pycckui 130 Gperarers HH. Bewapaoc pas. paGorar Ww sipenaomua mpakruveckih eH0c06. HeKIoabSONANuAT aeKTPHYECKOR AYTit 2am caapKit meraa.ios. [lo sTomy chocoSy cbapka npowabonwaacs. aieKT HuecKOR ayrof, BosGyxkaaeMon Memay YroubHbIN atekTponON H usaeaueN. He- ExoasKO nose, 8 1888 r. pyccKuil ixexep-so6perarenb HoT. Caa BRWOB paspa6oraa cnocoS cBapKit ¢ oMoubio MeraaaiecKoro saeKrpona. H. H. Besapace u H. T. Crasawos paspaGoraau TakiKe OcHORe t070- Meds i APYTHX MeTOROB CBApKK: ¢ NeckoabkuMi auiekTpORAMK, B SALUT ux raaax, KonraKrHOd cpapwn. B nape Koll Pocenit ati uso6perewis noa yeu orpammekioe npaxruveckoe upumeHe time, a are Oban nowTH 3a6uTHL Beaukan Oxrs6pwckan couanueri- ueckasi penomWUWA cosnaaa yeAOBKR [RAM MOULHOFO PASBHTHS HayKHC Ht TEXHKL ki Boapoanaacs w eraaa passusarsen ceapounias texniika. B 1929 r. coser: kil, amokenep - ua06peraTens LA. Dyabwesex wit paspasoraa ‘rioc06 aBronarHuecko# ayrosol cRapk rion danocow. C 1940 r. stor cnoco6 craa BHeApATKCA B NpoMTeHHOCTS werpoureaberso, B Tom Goabuian sac ayra Hierinyra snexrpocsapKit am E.O, Mlarova Axanenun ways YCCPF, + Hncraryr snexrpocaapKn um. E. O. Maro ua Axageunn wove YCCB, 9. Aastxehises Hucrarye saemrpocuapsi aw. E. 0. B Koropom Swan paspadorasn TeopHs abromariuecko# coapki, bares! x aBro Nar as cpapoxmux pador. Padora Ho ulupokouy BHleapemio asroarn- eckoll eBapkit B Hapoatioe Xossiicrso nponowkaetes HB HacroRitee BpeMs; crHTyT usleer TecHyio cBAab ¢ orpac- aM, 8 KOTOPHIX NpHMEHRIOTER Cha. ponte pasorss. Boabilloe yacrue m aaabiemien paabiriit Teopii w TexnosorM cBapKu Apiiusiaior Llewrpaabisit waysao-ne- sreqonaTeabeni HNCTHTYT TexHOJOrHH Mauiuiocrpoenns (LLHMHTwai), Moc: Kobckoe BeIciee TeNHiNeCKOe yunaMIe ww, H 3, Baymana, Beecowstih Hay'no-iceaeaobaTeAbckHh npoeKTHo Kollerpyxropexiil i TexHoaorweckit nWCTHTYT. seKrpocBaposHoro O60PyA0- haunt (BHHH3CO), — Beecowsmsi aysuo-Hecseaonaressexutt KOHCTPYK- TopeKiih mncruryt aproreKHoro stauntio- erpoemis (BHHMasrorenmau), Jlenu- Tpaackuh noanrexireckull_ userietyr vt. Kasutuiia, 3anoa «3aeKrpik>, Ypaamauisasoa PRA ApyrHx op nua ‘Sa foau nepBuX naTWIeTOK Obi nponerensi wipokue MeponpusTHs 0 coanaiitwo cnekHasHupOBaHAX NpOHS- RoncTHEHHAX —Opranicautl, — way¥HO- ecleaoBareabeKiX HHCTHTYTOR H a60. paropul no cbapxe. B nepion BeanKoi Orevecrneinoi noi csapka noaysuaa GoALuioe MpuMenentie & BOeHKO! TexKH- ie, a. Mlocenoenne roxbi — MPH BOC craniomurenbabX , pa6orax Hioneckut (1959 r.) Tlaenym LK KFICC f caoux peurensix noasepsnya Baxkwoe aHaveHue cBapKH 218 aaabueh- lero pasBHTua npoMtiuiaeHHocTH crpowreaneraa. Mroacnui (1960. 5.) Tlieayw LK KIC. cnosa orMerua HeOGXOAHMOCTH YeKOpeHHOrO pasBHTHE cbapoutora mmpousnoactea, sacayuan OKA aupextopa Mxcritryra seKrpo- coapkn nat. E. O. Tarowa akanemnxa E. Tatowa. Tlaenya nocrasua Goavuie 3aaayn mepen yueHumn i QewiDkeHepaMH 110 coBepweHCTBOBAHKIO 4H BKeApeHHI KOBOA TexHonorHH cBApKH HW HoBoro cBapownioro oGopyzoBanin, No paspa6orKe szexrponos apyrux cBapouuux marepuaos. Tocranogne- ue (1980 r.) Coseta Musuctpos CCCP eKT- owt, spautaioumecs a BanexTHOR O60- HO4Ke aTOMa, cBRSaHKI cxa6ee, eM BAeKTpoHNE BHYyTpeHHNX OGOAOUeRK, H 10- STOMY erKo OrpeiBaloren oT aTOwa spit cromkwobenuax nan nog aeAcreneM 06- ay¥enna), Orpauarembibie HOHE. HMeIOT v3OwTounna orpHuaTenbil apa; on oOpasyores, ecak arom nan Monexyiia nipicoeaHmeT « cBdeR DaeKrior 060 AOWKe aMUIKHe S:.eKTpONLL Aipouec, np rorepox ws Hefrpesnnn romon onenyn oOpusyoren nono ‘enumue'w orpotarestonae won, Nae ‘crenronmatinel, Honan, suonan- | an’ ncroropom aGvene raxceod spon, sasweacten ” oGtens0l romosageh ‘erenan voneonuen, nonyvennan Sat rout apenas 0 oc a te reuneperyy, nasunneron Tn MecKoa nOHMsAuHER. “ Tipe puicoxnx rewneparypax snayn- TerbHas acts MoaeKya raza oGranaet Aoctarounol sHeprielt arn Toro, uTO6u pH cTOAKHOBeHHAX Moro npoHaoTH pasoveHne HedTpanbHlaX MoneKya Ha HOH; KpoMe Toro, ¢ moBMuieKNeM Temnepatyoy ysermuneaeren o6wee UieAO CTOAKHOBeNHH MexAY MOaeKy:a. su rasa. [pH Owens BiicoKnx textepa- Typax Ha npouece HoHHBaNHH HauMNaeT BAHATD TaKAKe H HaayueHHe raga H pac kanexHux satextporon. [Tpit OMuKitx TeMMepatypax HOHHSAUKIO MOXKKO BH 3BaTb, GAM YKE HMEIOULNMCR B raze saekrpoHam “H HoHAM cooSMATE ¢ HOMOUIbIO sneKTpHYecKOrO OLA GOAb- ue cxopocta. O6nanaa Goaburoit sHeprited, 51H YacTaus Moryt pasOHBaTl, Heiitpanbune aTOMi H MOneKyaH wa wonsi. Kpome toro, nowitsauitio Mo2kHO Bussat» cseTooMM, yasTpadworeToRL- Mil, PeKTreHOBCKHMiL ayYAMH, a TAKE usdyyennem paanoakTHOHNX’ Beuecr®, B o6wavix yenonnax sosayx, Kax ace Tass, OGsianaer vecuma caadoh saekrponpésoaHocrsio. Sto oGwacuser: ©H Maio KowuenTpauwe cBoGonHAlX saektpowos # woHOB. TlostOMy, Ana Toro TOG ousBaTH B Bosayxe HAMM 9 rase MOUUNHAA siteKTpHeCKH TOK, T.€. seKT- puseckyo ayry, HeoOKOAHMO HOHNSKpO- aT» BOSAYUIMBIA nPOMEMYTOK (HAH APY- Tyo rasoo6pasnyi cpeay) mekay saexrponams. Honusauno aoxkHo npo- NOBECTH, ec IpHAOMNTS K 91eKTPO- Aan nOcraTouHo BbicoKoe HalpsKeHHE; roraa uneoumecs p raze (B Mal0M Komnwectse) cBoGoaHMe sZekTpoHe Ht nowbi GyayT pasrousrses aneKrpnuec- wnat noaeNt H, nloaysHe Goasune sHep- ww, eMoryT pas6uTs weRTpaabuute a70- wat" MOeRyAM Ha HOH. Tip cbapke Ha coospaxkennA tex- bukit Oesonlacocrh wensan nonbaoBaTL cm BLICOKHMH HanpmxeHKsMH. TlosToMy enloabsyior siaaevins TepMoanekrpoHion W apTosaeKrponHol aMuccnA. [pi aToM wewuinecs B Metaaze 8 GoabLON KOaH- ecrBe cpo6osmee saeKtponts, o6naaas aocraTouHoh xnuerHuecko# akeprtel, epexoast 8 rasosyio cpeay Merkoaekr- poauoro npoctpancrsa H cilocoScrayior ee HoHMsauHH. Tipu Tepioosexrponsioh awucenn Gnaroapa BuCOKOH Tewneparype ceo Goaubie ssiekrpoub excitapsioren» ¢ no Bepxiocrh weraana. Yew hue reN- tiepatypa, Tew Gossuee uncao cno60a MidX aneKTponoD mpuoperaer HeprHo, nocteTouyio Aas npeoaoaesnn ioveH luwamHoro Gaprepa _B TlosepxuocrioM ca10e W BuxORA HS Meraaaa. TIpH aBro- siekrpoHHOR (xonoanOH) oMHECHH co- Saaeren sueuinee a1ekrpH¥ecKoe tlone, xoTopoe HsMeHseT oTeHuHOneABKisl Gapwep y nosepxnocrH Meraaia # o6aer: siaer BLixoa Tex suexrpoHOD, KoTOpHE uMelor nocrarounyio sKepri© Ans Ape: onoaeuns sroro Capsepa Hounsauun rasosok epeast xapanrepray~ em wicaa Sapmacumix SacTHH ® al Wow oUwewe nepeowavaanwomy wieny sacra (10 mavana HOWRAH 90) «el za iy 3a g S90 a0 2000 16000 T/K Pre 6 Tip noavoh wonwsauny crentens wouGaunn pasta enunnue. Ha pyc. 6 Npeacrassen rpaguk sasiicuwocta cre- Tesi HORHSAUKK OF TeMMepaTypss Harpe: Ba Hexoropuix seutecrs. 13 rpapKa Buaio, iro mp! —_Tenmlepatype 6000.."8000 K rake sewectsa, KaK Ka Ai, waTpHA, KaabiEHi, o6aanaNT nocTa TowHo BwICOKOR cTeMteHbIo HOHKSAUHH Tape stax saewenT0B, Haxoasics B ayro- BOM npoMexyrke, oGecieNHBaror Aer: KOCTH BOBBY AEH H yeTORUHBOE rope. me ayr. 370 cBoicrao WenouBAX Me- TaIUioB OGwscHAeTe TeM, TO aTOMb STHX MeTazT0B O6aqal0T MasMM nOTeH- uaanoM woHWsaUNH, loremynasom wounsauwn wasunaercn OT ‘Arona veutecraa x dapaay a¥Oro aaexT- on V=W/e, rae V—norenuwar nowesaunn, By W—paGora. euxoaa saexrpowa, Jb; e—sapaa anextpona, Ka Caoxnue arom, corepwauine 0 co0eM cocTase HOTO sMeKTpOHOB, HME jor HeckOaBKO moTeHuMaTOD HONASAMHH TlepawiA norenunen Hoxssaunn coorser- erayer Buixoay ateKrpowa, Haxonauie- Foch B vapyxkNOR oGonouKe aTOMa H caa6ee apyrix cBasanvoro c HuM. BE XO CneAyIouLHA siteKTpOKOD, pacitono- xenmux GawKe K py HM cHAbHee Conoannesx ¢ HMM, TpedyeT OsbiLe! pa6ors. Tosromy Bropue # nocaeayn- fue novennan HOnKBAMHR, cooTBer eraylouute BbixoaM Broporo K moc-leay roUnX saexrponoR, 6yayt Goabue. Tep- nie Norenuiaas V, jollKsaunn Hexoro: Pix steMenToB: Saewenns K Na Be Li Al Ca cr Mm C HO ON ue 432 512 519 537 5.9 608 6,74 7.40 1122 1953 13.56 14,50 Kak BAaHo, HaNMeHLUNHM HloTeHUMa- llepeMeULaioTes MOWIKEe OTOKH saps OM HOHHBALHH OGaaaaioT KaaHii, Har. ptf, Gapai, AHTHH, anoMHn, Kaaouuit Wap. Tlostomy as iosumeHns yeroi- NHBOCTH TOPEKA sneKTpHNECKOM aYTH 9TH peulectaa BOAT 8 Sony ayrt B BRAC SmeKTPOAHEX OKPBITH HAH paocos. Takum o6pasom, sexrponposoa- ocr» Bo3AyWHOTO MpoMeXYTKA MexAy saekrpoaaMH, @ orciona H ycroliunBce Topenthe ayrH oGecneunBaeren sMnccHel kavoua H OGveMHOM HOKHSAuKEH T3308 B sone ayrt, Gaaroaaps KoTopHM 8 ayre 10 KeNTBAX WACTHM, SaextpHueckaa ayra nocrosunoro Toka Bos6yxaaeres Ip CONPHKOCHOBe- HHH Topua saeKrpoaa HM — KpOMOK cpapnpaewux gerasen. Kourakt 8 Ha- NaabHii MOMeHT BOSHHKAeT MeKAY MHK- POBLicTyHaMH NoBepXHOCren ateKTpOAa 4 cBapHoaemoli neraan (puc. 7, a). Bucoxasi naorHoeth ToKa cocoscTByer MTHOBeHHOMY pacntaBseHHio STHX Bbi- cTylOB HK O6pasoBanHio TAeHKA >KNA- Koro Metanaa (pic. 7, 6), Koropan SaMbiKaeT S4eKTPHYeCKyIO ‘Well Ha 4)ylactke «saexrpoa — cBapusaeman se tabs. Mp nocaeayiouiem orsoze next: pona or flonepxnocra eran Wa 2..4 mae (pie. 7, @) naeaka xnaKoro meranaa Pacrarneaeres, a cevenie ce yMenbula erca, neneactane ero soapacraer nor. HocTs ToKa H NloBuuiaeTeR TeNnepaTypa Meraata, StH saeHus npHBOART K Pa: PbiBy nen m HenapenMio BckuneBLIerO Meraaaa, Ipu stow nitrercHanste TepMo: H apToaeKTpoMitan oMmiccHm OGecnewn BaloT WOHHSaILHO Napos MeTanaa ura 308 wexSaextpoakoro npomexytxa. B O6pasonanuieies nonMsHposaHHion cpe- ze Bositukaer snexrpHueckas ceapounan ayra (pic. 7, 2). Tpouece poa6yx- MeHHA Ayr KpaTKoppemenien H ocyiue- craagetes ceapulmKom 8 TeveHne aoAeH cexynabs B ycraxosuauietica caapounoh ayre (pue. "7, 2) pasaniawr tpH 20% xaroanyio /, axoanyn 3H erox6a xyri 2. Karoduaa sona ray6unoi xoxo 10-® cw, Tak Hasinaemoe KaToaHoe NATHO, PachorOxeHa Ha TopUe KATO (Ha plc. 7 saexrpoa spasercs KaToaom, @ neTanb—anoa0m). Oreoaa stineract NOTOK cBoGOAHBIX sAeKTPOHOS, HOHISH- pyouHx ayroso# npomexyrox. [Lior WocTb TOKa Ha KaTOAHOM naTHE OCT raer 60...70 A/wm?. K Katoay yerpem AROTER MOTOKH MOAOAHTEABHE HOHOB, Koropwe GomOapanpyior ero # oTzawT 8010 sHeprmmo, Harpenan ero 40 TeM- nepatypsr 2506...3000°C Avodan sona, HasixBaeMaR Hon Hu MATHOM, PacnoroxKeHa Ka “ropue anona. K atoaHomy nity yerpemasior- CRM OTAAIOT CROW sHeprHO —NOTOKH SeKTpOHOB, Haass ero 0 Tewnepaty- pit 2500...4000°C, Croa6 dyeu, pacno- TOReHHE MeKAY KaTOAHOM W aHoAHOR BOWEN, COCTOMT H3 PACKAMEHHBIX H HO- AusnpobanHnix Sacral. Tewnepatypa & sto sowe aoeruraer 6000...7000°C & SaBHCHMOCTH OT faoTHOCTH cBapo¥HorO ToKa B naansusth moment ana aox6yrK.xe Kum AYTH HeOGxOLHMO HecKOADKO Goa nee Hanpmokenne, em npxt ee nocaenyio- ikem ropettui. 370 oGvacHReTeR TeM, 470 pH sos6yKaeHMM Ayr sosaynitsll 9- 30p HezocTaToUHO Harper, cTenekS HoHH SaitHH HEBLICOKAR H HEOOXOAHMO Hanps- >KetlHe, emoCObHOe CoOSULHTe cROBORHBM 20 am pate 80 120 800A 00 TA SaeKTpoHaM Takyio sHeprio, wTo6u MPH Xx CTOAKHOBEHAH C aTOMaMH raaoRoro npomexyrka Moraa npousoitrH HORNSa- uusl. Yaeauvenue KoHMeHTpAKHH CBoGOA- HbiX ameKTpoHOB B OGweMe ayrH NpHBO- AMT K HHTeHCHBHOM HoHNBauHH 2yrOBOTO MpoMexytka, a orcioaa K nosMuleHHio ero aaektponposoauocra. Berencrane sTOro HanpaLKeHHe Nlasaet 20 akaueHtin, HeoGxoAHMOrO AAA yeroRUABOrO rape: Hast ayra. Sapucumocts Hansen AYFW OF roKA H spool en nasunaor crarwvecKol hnoaat-annepioh xapaxtepwctaKod Ayr, Boast-aunepnas — xapaktepucruka ayen (pie. 8, a) HMeer tpH oGzacTH Naaawutywo J, xectky10 2 4 sospacran- uly 3. B oGaactu 1 (x0 100 A) ¢ yre- auMeHHeM ToKA HanpsKeHHe 3HauUTeAB- Ho yMeHauiaetes. TO npoHcxoaHT & BASH C TEM, NTO MPH -NOBMWEHHH TOKA yBeauuusaeten nonepesioe cevenue, a caenoBateasHo, 4 nposoaMMocTs croaGa ayrn. B o6aactn 2 (100...1000 A) npa YBeanwenun TOKa HanpAaKeHHe coxpa- HReTeR NOCTORMMBIM, TaK KaK ceNeHHE cToa6a ayra H nAoMaAH avoaKoro H KaTogHoro naTer yoeauuMBaiorca po: nopuHoHaasHo TOKY. OOaacts xapaKre- Pwayeres ocrosHersom —naoTHocTH toxa. B oGaactn 3 wanpaxenne sospacraer caeacrsMe Toro, TO yse- AuseHe NAOTHOCTH TOKa BAe on PeaeaenHoro sHayeHun He conposo: acqaereR yaerHveHMem KaToaNoro naTHa BAHAY OrpanMuenHocTH ceNeHHA aneKT- poaa. ilyra o6nacta J roput KeyctoR ‘uso H nosToMy HMeeT OrpaHnieHHoe npusenetne. Lyra o6aacth 2 ropur yc- Tofunso H OGecneuHBaeT HopManntiih pouece csapxe. Boast-awnepuan —xapakrepucruka AYPH npH PY4HOA yroBOA CsapKe HiZKO- u2 L. “Lk Prue. 9 yraepoauctoh craa (pue. 8, 6) npen- crapnea 8 Buge KpHBBIX a (aauHa ayrH 2s) 46 (anna ayra 4 wot). Kpnpaie @ (aauna ayrn 2 wo) we (Atma ayrn 4 MM) otHocaTca x aBTomatauecKoit cBapke non (palocoM Mp BHICOKHX laoTHoersX ToKa. Hanpaxenue, Heo6xoaumoe ats B03: GyakaeHia Ayr, 3aBHCHT: OT Poa TOKA (octoaiiii Win nepemenseul), anMMes Ayrosoro mpomemyrka, — marephasa silekrpona W CBapHBAEMBIX KPOMOK, 10: KPHTHR sneKTpoaoa Mm pana apyrux haxropos. 3uavenns Hanpamennit, o6e- Chewnsaioulnx BOSHHKHOBEHHE AYTH 8 AYTOBLIX npoMeRKyTKAX, PaBHi 2..4 wa, Haxoasres 8 npeaenax 40...70 B. Hi npmkeine (B) aaa ycraiosksmelicn cbapounon ty’ MoxeT Gus onpenene- Ho no dopmyae Us=at bly rae a — Koabuunent, no csoet usu: ecko cyulHocra —npeacrasamouni cyMMy nagewti wanpakennii a KaToaHon W aHoaNoA 30Hax, B; 6 — xosdpuunenr, auparxaouNh cpeaHee nagenwe KanpA- ‘eHHA Ha eAMHMUY THEE Ayr B/am; f,— anna ayra, mM Unt Puc. 10 DlanwoR ayrw nasunaeren paceronine ‘SHopmumuols agra — 4.8. wx yr [Zanoh Cane 8 no nasunsiorenAuniO8>: Ontamanpnui pexum ceapkn o6e- cneaupaerea nph KopoTKoi ayre. Fpu LAMHHO! Ayre Npowlecc mporeKaer HepaB- WoMepHo, Ayra ropur HeycTofiunBo, Me- aaa, Npoxoas lepes ayrosolt npomexy- Tok, Goabule okHcaseTes m asoTupyer- cn, yaenuunaaoTen yrap 4 pasOpusrH panue meraaaa, ‘Saektpunieckan cBapouHan ayra Mo- 2KeT OTKAOHATHCR OT CHOETO HOPMasBHO- ro NoaoxeHuA npH aefiersuu MarniT- HBX lone, HepasHomepHo Hm HecuM- METpHYHO PacnomoxeHHHX BOKPYT AYTH 1 ChapHnaemol aeraan. STH noza aelicrayioT Ha aBuayumecn sapmKeH- luble dacTHUM H TeM CaMBM OKASBIBAIOT noanelicraue Ha aclo ayry. Takoe sB.1e- He HasbinaeTeR MaznuTHOLM OyTbeN. Bosaelicraue MarnuTabix noaedl Ha ayry pao nponopuwoNaibHo KBampaty cH dist ToKa H CTaHosuTe SaMeTHUM pH ceapountix Toxax Goxee 300 A. Ha orkaowene ayru sausior mecto noavoaa ToKa x caapusaewoA aeTaaH (prc. 9, a, 6, a) 4 HaKaOH aaeKTpoaa (pic. 9, 2). Haanune s6.2H3H caapow- HOR Ayr stauirensinx deppomarHur- Hix Macc TaKKe HapyWaeT CHMMeTpHE- HocTh MarHHTHOrO TOA aYrH H BBISI- aet OTKAOHEHHe AyrH B CTOpOHY STHX mace. Maraurioe aytbe 8 HeKoTopUx cay- wax SarpyaHsmeT mpouece cBapKy, H ostomy NPHRUMAIOTCA Mepbl No CHIE iio ero aelicrana Ha ayry. K TaKuM MepaM oTHocHTeR: cBapKa KOpOTKoit ayroil, NoaBoa CBapouHOrO ToKa B TOW Ke, MaKcHMaAbHO OnM3Kom K ayre, Ha KAO saexrpoga 8 cropony aeiicraun MarHuTHoro aYTbA, pasMeuerte y MecTa eaapKi dheppomarnnTaiix mace,TIpu ucnoansosannn nepementore Toa ayoaHoe M KaroaHoe MTHa Me- HmoTcA MectaMH ¢ wacTorol, paBHoit sacrore Toxa. C reveanem spewen na npsawenne Us Tox J nepnoanveckn HSMeHAIOTCR OT Hy.1eBorO SHaNeHHR 20 HawOoabutero, Kak MloKasanio Ha pc. 10 (Ue — xanpaenne sarmurais ayes) Tipu’ nepexoae suauenua ToKa sepes Hyab W nlepemene noaapiocti 8 wazane WB KoMue Kaxa0ro noaynepHona ayra acer, Tenneparypa axtHaHtiX nsTeH AyFoRoro NpoMexyrKa cHIKAETCA. Beaeactsne soro npoxicxoaut xeno4n: auHA ra308 H yMexbIueHHe sueKTpONpO- Bonkocru eroa6a ayru. Hurencwatice hanaer Tenepatypa akrHAHoro naTHa, PacnoroxeHHoro Ha NowepxHocTh ca: PowHOH BAH 8 caRSH c oTBOROM TeninoTm B Maccy OcHOBKOrO MeTaaza. Tlosropnoe saxnranne yr # Havaze kaxZ0T0 nomymepHoaa 8O3MORRHO To.tb- KO MPH NOSsUIEHKOM HaNpsKeHHH, Ha stisaeviow nko saxuranns. [pH 370M yeraHomnewo, To nHK aaxnraHHs He eKOMBKO BUUIMe, KOrMA KaTOAHOE NATHO HaxoauTea Ha OcHOBHO Meranae, JLaA CHUPKeHHA nuKa SamnrAHHA, OOnerweHHA nostopiioro saxuranuA. ayra m NoBsue- tum ycrofiunsocra ee ropenis npimens JOT Mepis, cuupKarouute sbeKTHBH NO- Teviuwax noHHsanHn ra308 w Ayre. FIpH 370m aaekrponposoauocts ayrn nocae ee yracannm coxpauseren aoabule, HK 9a- duran cMuoKaeres, Ayra ser4e 803: Gyxaaeren w ropxr yeroiiumace, K stam mepaw otHocurca npumene- we pasauunuix craGuausmpyioulnx ane- ewTos (Kani, HaTpHl, KaAbuUNT Ap), BEOAHMEAK B SOY ayrH B BULLE ateKT POR: MUX nOKpuTHA HH B BiZe Az10C08, Barkiioe suavenue umeer capnr aa MexKay HANPsKEHEM H TOKOM: HeOOXO- AnMo, "TOON MpH Tepexone ToKa uepes yseb0e sHaveHue Hanpsmenne Gui10 AOCTaTONHLIM Jin BOIGYAKREHIA. aYTH, § 2. Tenaoswe csoficrsa caapownol ayra Sueprust MouHDIx noTOKOD sapmKeH Hisx YacTHit, GomGapaMpyiOWHx KaTOR H aHoa, mpespautaeTca 8 Tensoayw aHep: Fiio ‘satexrpuyeckofl ayru. CymmapHoe komnuectao teniors! Q (JI), Buiaeane- Poe Moe ayroi Ha Karoxe Qs, atione Qe HB croaGe ayru Qe, onpeneaaerca no @op- yae Q=s Us, rae I — csapoutit Tox, A; Us—wa- npaokenue ayru, B; t — apes ropenua ayrH, ©. Tipu nuranun ayre noctosteim to- kom (pic. 11) HanGoabwiee Komnuect#o Tensots sidenseTcR B 30He aHoda, Sto oBvacuseTcR Tem, To aKoa Noa” Bepraetes Goce MOuHO; ComOapauHpoR- ke sapaxenmumn vacTuuaMy, Yen Ka- ‘TOA, a NH CTOAKHOBeHMH YaCTHU 8 croa- 6e ‘ayru suineaserca MewbuwaR 2018 oGuiero Koauuecraa TensoTbs Tlpw ceapxe yroasuuim saexrpoaom ‘Tewneparypa 8 kaToaHol soKe xocTH- raet 3200° C, 8 atoatof — 3900°C, a B croa6e ayru cpeaHee sHayenne ‘Teunepatypy: coctamiser 6000° C. Tpit cBapke MeTanauYeckHM — saeKTponoM Tewnepatypa KaToaNoh 30H coctaa- amet" oKo10 2400°C, a anoanoit sons —~ 2600° C. Pasuan tewiepatypa KaToaHoh AHOAHOM 30H 4 paaHioe KoaNYecTBO Ten- JOT, sizermouellca 8 3THX 30HaX, Henonesyiorea npa peuleHaK TexHonOrH: Meckux saaa¥. Tp caapxe aeraneli, TpeGylouiex GObuIOTO NOABOAA TeRAOT AA mporpesa KPOMOK, —NpuMeHsioT NpsMyio doaspHocrs, mpi KoTOpOA akon (naoconan KneMMa’ ucTouHHKa Toka) NogcoeamHmor K neTasiH, a KaTOR (st iycoBan KleMMa HCTOKHUKa TOKA) — K saextpoay. Tp ceapxe ToHKocTeHt Hex u3qeaiA, TOHKOAKCTOBUX KOHCTpYK uni, a Take craael, He AONycKAIOULHX neperpesa (Heprxkaseiouiue, >kaponpow- Hele, mbicoKoyraepoaucTile H xp.), MPH MeHAIOT CBADKY MOCTORHHBIM TOKOM O6- PatHoh noaspuocrs. B Tom caywae kaToa NloacoeaMHsioT K cBapuBaeMol xe 13‘raau, a avon — « saextpoay. [pn stow He ToasKo o6ecneausaeren meHbUIMi Harpes cBapisaemoll nerasit, HO H yCKO: paetea npouece pactutasrenia 31eK- Tpoasoro Matepkaza 3a cueT Go.tee BL cokoli Temmepatyps anoaHoh 30H 1 Goxbwero noxBoAa tensors TloaAp: Hocth KalewM McTONHHKa nocTomHHOrO ToKa onpexearmoT ¢ NOMOULBI PacTsOopa HogapeHoh comm (nosoBHHa Haiitol AOKKH cont Ha crakak sas). EcaH B Tako pacTBop onycrHT» npoBona OT Kaew HcToNHHKa TOKA, TO y OTPKua- TeasHoro npowoaa Gyxet npoKexoanrs Gypkoe auinenenHe —nySHpDKoB 80: aopoaa. Tipit nurankn ayrh nepewensso 10- Kom pazsnune Temmepatyp KaToaKon anoaHoi 30H M pacnpeaenenke TenaoTss craaxkupajorer acaercrene nepHo.Livec: Koll cmenst xaroaworo M axoanoro natHa © wactorol, pasNoh actore Toxa. Tpaxrika noxasusaer, 70 B cpex eM npu py4noi cBapxe ToabK0 60...70% TenaorH lyri Henombayeres Ha_ Harpe: banne naanzente eTaana, Ocraze: Ham YacTb TenaoTH paccellBAcTCR B OK: pyxkaioulylo cpeay vepes Hsaywenne # KoHaexuino. Konuueerao tensor, Henoapsyenoe Ha Karpes i naaBky CsapitBaemoro Me Tasaa 8 eAWNMUy BpeMeKH, HasHIBaeTcA apperrusnoi —Tensosow MownocTor? dyeu Q, (Jbx). Ona pasna noatoit ‘Tenaovoh MOULKOCTH ;LyrH, YMHORKeHHOI ha abextnoxsih Koxbdriment nones oro. aelictaua y warpesa meraana ayrol Q = Um Beaman sasueut or ciivcoba cbapkH, Marepuiacia sieKTpoxa, coctaBa 5alekTpOANOTO MOKPATHA 4 APYTHX aK~ ropos. Tipu pysHoh ayrosol caapKe SmeKTporom ¢ TORKHM MOKPHTHEM IK yroaies seKTpoLOM y cocraBnAeT Pwe. Vex, 0,5...0,6, a mph KauecTBeHHBIX 9teKTpo: ax —6,7...0,85. TIpi_ aproxoayrosoa Ceapke norepH Tenors aHaunTenbi (1 = 05..0,6). HanGonee .noano ue fonsayerca "Tennora pit caapKe moa dhavocom (1 = 0.85...0,93) JLia xapaKrepuctikn TenxoBoro pe kuna npouecea ceapKit npusto on- peaeanrs nozonnyno sMepeww dyeu, T. € Komiuectao TenaOTH, BBOLNMOE B Me: Taaa Ha eAMHMUY AKA OAHONPOXO Horo urea, uamepaemoe @ JL /m. HloroH- Hag oneprit Qe pasia onvoweno apdexrupxoh tenaos0% moumoctn Qs Kekopocti enapit 0 Q = Qu =I Umn/e. Tlotepn renaorst np py4xoit ayra: ofl cbapke cocraganoT mpuaepHo 25%, #3 KoTopsx 20% yxonst 8 OKpy- >ravuuywo epery Hepes HBAyNEHME Ht KOH- Bexuwo napos n ras0B, a 5% — wa yrap # pasOpsisrneaxne cpapusaemoro Netaaaia, Tip astomarHiecKoft caapKe oa 110coM noTepH COcTABARIOT TOADKO 17%, wa Kotopsx 16% pacxoayworca Ka naannenue pawea 1% wa yrap # pas6puarapaiine, § 3. Mlaassenne u nepenoc metaaaa are Merana ntapauieroes saextpoaa ne- pexoait (B sie Kanes pasausnoro paswepa) 8 caapowiyio Banhy. Cxewa- “rwso nepewoe Merad.ia saeKTpOna Mom HO mpeacrasirs 8 caeayowem BHae. B Hawaasnui moment metas Ha KOKUe aaeKrpoa noanaapaseren 4 o6pasyeT- ca enofhpacnaaaienoro Meraaaa (puc. 12, a). 3arem noa xeicranen ca Homepxoct#oro HaTmACHHM H CHL TA eer 9TOT CAA Metanaa_npunHdaet opmy Kanan (pic. 12, 6) c o6pasosa- hem y ockosakha TOHKOH welki, Koropak ¢ TeueHWeM BpeMeHH yMeHs- U : i 2uaeten, Sto npwsoaut xk sHaur TeaBHOMy yaenHeHID NAOTHOCTH TOKA B uiefike Kana. Yaauneume weika posoamaeres a0 MoMeHTa Kacanna KanaH NlosepxHocta cBapouHon Bans (pac. 12, @). B stor Moment npoucxo: AMT KOPOTKOe aMbIKAHHe ,caapousior enn. Peskoe soapactasie Toa npizo: aur & paspsisy weilku 1 8 coeayiouee MrHoseNHe —BHOBS —BosKuKaeT ayra (puc. 12, 2), 40 yxKe mexay TopuoM saexrpoaa w’KanseA, Toa sasaeiiey Napoo H ra308 30HB AyTH Kanan c ycKo PeHHeM BHeapnerct 8 KMAKHA MeTaiA ceapounof eanunl. [Ip 97M wacts Me ‘aaa pasOpwarusaerea, 3arem npouece kaniaeoOpasosanis nostopsercs. YetaHosnexo, ro spens ropeHna ay- FHM KOPOTKOTO 3aMBIKAKHA Cocrasaa- er npamepiio 0,02...0,05 c. Yacrora # NPOAOKHTeNbHOCTI, KOPOTKOTO 3aMBl Kalu 5 3nauuTerBHOh ctenenH 3aBK- cat or anime esapouxoh ayrn. Yew MeHBuIe Lidia ayrit, Tew OombILe KopOT- KuX saMBKaHNa H Tem OM NpOLOTKH- Teabice, Popma K pasmeps Kamen meray onpenenaiores cuaoh TakeCTH H chaaMH novepxHoctHoro KataxeHua. Mpa caap: Ke 8 HHAKCKeM NloJOACeHAM CHa TAAKECTH enocoScrayet orpaiay xanaH, a MpH No: TanOWHOA cBapKe npensrcrayer Nepexto cy meraaaa saexrpoaa 8 wos. Ha pas Mepbi Kafer Gonpuloe BAKAKHE OKA3H BaloT COCTaB H TONULMKa aneKTpoAHOrO HOKpHTHA, a TaKKe CBapouHBll TOK Baektpoakoe noKpHiTHe, Kak Npasiao, CHWKAeT —NoBepxHOCTHOe HaTHAxKeHHE Merata nour xa 25...30%. Kpome To Fo, rasoo6pasywulme KOMMOKeHTH NOK PeiTHA BHeTHIOT Goanlloe KOAMNECTsO Tas0B M cOsaaioT 8 SoHE AyrH oBsIWeH: Hoe aaszenHe, KoTOpoe cnocoGerayer paamenbuenmio Kaneal XKHAKOFO Meta aa, Tp nosswennu cBapowioro ToKa paamep Kaneae yenmuaercs Tepenoc SueKTpoaHOro weTa.iaa KpynHbiMH Kan AMM Meer MECTO MH CBADKE Ha Max ‘TOKAX s4eKTpOAaMH © TOHKHM noKpH ‘rue, put Goabuinx naotHoctAx caapow oro TOKa H NpH HeTOA_SOBAHMM sieKTpO- 408 ¢ TOACTHIM HlOKpSITHEM MepeHOC Me- Tania OcyulecTBAReTCA 8 BHAE OTOKS Meabuatiunwx kaneas (cTpyfitilh nepeHoc eranaa) Pre 13 Ha ckopocrsnepetioca_Kaneat meraaza 8 ‘ayre aejicrayer ranoaoe Aytee, npeactaaimoutee CoGoh noroK Tasos, Manpasnenii o4oa» ayrH a cropoty esapoxnod sanuss. TIpw coapwe aaekTpOzOm ¢ TOACTAM TloKDsITHeK cTep xxen I anexrpoaa (puc. 13) naaenren Guctpee m Topeu ero oxasninaeven HeckOABKO MpHKpuTEIM npusoaHt x sBzeNmK raz0s0ro Aytos, yexopmoutero mepexoa Kane MeTaaia B chapounyi BaHny. Ocwosiiim ipakTopom, —aaKmoWuM Ma cxopocts nepenoca” meranaa a Ayre, aaserea saektpomaruTHoe Noze, Markutioe nose okaaniBaer CKH maroutee aetierane H yexopser o6paao BaHHe H cyreHHe WelKH KanaH, a ce: AoBaTeIDHO, H OTDHIO ce OF TOpia a1ek- ‘tpona. Iaextpuveckoe nose, Hanpamer Mocth KoToporo HanpasaeHd agonb AyrH 8 cTOpOxy cBapowNo BaHHH, TaKKE yexopser npouece orpaisa Kaneas. Tpit Aoroaowwiol coapKe nepeHoc Kanen suekrpoauoro weTaaaa 8 cpapHoh ios OGeenexusaeres 8 ocHosKoM aeicraneM MarHATHOTO H SaekTpAYecKOrO Noel, a Take soaenteM ras0soro xytBs B Ayre Kanan weraaa, npoxoanuine vepes Ayry, HMeIoT uLtaKoayIn OGaaouKy, KOTO pan oGpaayeres or maasaeKka seiecrs, BxOAAULHX 8 TOKDAITHE —saeKTpOLa 31a oSoaouKa sauiMulaeT merana Kanal Of oxweaenan 1 axoTiponanns, o6ecne- saa xopoulee KavecTao wera wa Tons saexrpoanoro weraaia 6 coc: rave wevania usa paaaiuna H 2aDHcHT or enoco6a H pexaMa cBapKH, a TaRKe ot Baa cBapHoro wea. Tpit pysKoi coapke aoan sateKrpoaworo eras Ko: ae6sersH 8 UAPOKKX — Npcrerax(30...80%), a mpm apromataweckoA ceapke.oua coctasaser 30...40%. |POHSBOAHTeABHOeTS CBApKH B:31a- uTeabHOA cTeneH saBMcHT OT CKOOCTH pacnaassenum 91exrpoaHoro MeTaasa, KoTopan oueHnBaerca KosddunnenToM pacnaasaenua a. Kospgmunenr pacrasnrenns wucsenso Pane wacce snextpoaworo mevanaa Foannax, pacoaanaenvon » Yeve oro waca, ertecennod x ORNOMy AMnepY Enapownoro roxa, Kosuunent pacnaaenenun sasn- cut of pata haxropos. [pu oparioh NoaspHOcTH KosbduuneNT pacnsaare- Hua Goabule, ¥eM pH npANOH noaRp- HOcTH, TaK KaK TeMnepatypa aHona BLL we, Ye Katona. Cocras noxpwTin Saekrpona Hero TOAUMHA TaKKE BAAA- Jor Ha Kosdduunewr pacnaaasienus. 970 OGercHeTeH, Bo-nepALIX, sHaueunem Shéexrusvoro norenunasa vonusanHH 1ra308, & BO-BTOpHix, HSMeHEHMeM TenAO- Boro ‘Gaaauca ayrosoro npomexyrka. Kosdounnewt pacnsasennn npu pys- HOA” ayromoh ceapxe —cocrapanet 6,5...14,5 r/(A +). Menbuine aHasenna Melor saekrpoawl ¢ TOHKHM TOKpLTHEM, a Gombe — steKrpoas ¢ TOxcTHM TOKpsITHeM. Bhan ouenns cxopocth enapx noassywrcn onggnuuenrom wanaanxi a. Svor 1009 ‘Qupent ouennnaer macey saexrpoanoro Deranaa, sueentoro. »ceapwon A Kosteuunenr , wanaaskn wenbue xosdduitnenta pacnaasaenun wa Benn NHHY NoTeps snexrpoaHoro Meranaa H3- 3a yrapa m pasOpusrusauus. Sta nore Tpit pysuoi cnapxe aocruraior 25...30%, a npw astomatieckof caapke oa 400: com coctaBaaior ToabKO 2.5% oF KOaM- NecTBa pacnaasaenioro saekTpoaHOro meranaa, 3natve sTHX KosdpmineHTos noseonger nponssecrn pacter noTpe6- Horo KoamwecTBa sueKrpOaHOrO MeTaa.1a ANA CBapKH wiBa yeraHoBAeHHOTO ceve: ‘us. onpexeawTs ckopocTh ceapKM Waa, Koauvectso weraia (Kr), 4e06x0- AuMoe a8 NoayweHua cBapHOro Wa, 4s = LFo, rae L — aanna cvapwaaeno- 10 wea, M; F—naoiaas nonepestore covets urea, w; p—nagrHocrs eK: ‘tpoanoro sevaana, Kr / m° Bupaxas sto xe KonivectEo we: raaza (kr) depes KoDdAuuneH Hanaae- ku, noaysum ge = 10~° ay/t, rae ay — xosduunewr Hanaaskn, ¢/(K + 4); f — coapounsih rok, Ai f— speum ropenna ayriy , Orcoaa;’ apewa ropeinn ay- ra (4) t= 10~* gy/(aa/); ckopocts coapxn (w/a) v= L/t Siam gu. MOKHO OnpereauTs 1e06x0- Analoe KOAMueCTBO SHeKTpOIHOTO. Me- Taaaa: Bs = gu (I + ), rep — Kod: QuusenT noreps weraaaa wa yrap Pas6puisrwsanie. Kpowe toro, norpesuoe koavectso snextpoatoro weraaaa (Kr) Momo on- Peneante, sian Kospouunext pactiaas- BONA gis = 10~ Sat Sagaslnes awamerpom aanHof saekrpona, 0 gy suliucamoT nOTpe6: Hoe Koanvecrso.saexrpoaos. Luametp crepxust s1eKTpoaa aoe coorsercr- 8OBaTD sHavenino cBapouHoro ToKa, 2AN- a cranmaprusosana, TUIABA 3 HCTONHHKH NHXTAHHSA CBAPOYHOR AYrH §4. Ocnosnme spe6onanna Barun yerosnen noayuenns caap- Horo Ba BHICOKOrO KawecTaa ABARETCA yeroaunpoers npouecca cBapKn. Ilia SToro HeTOMHKH MATaMHA Ayr AOMRHDL OGecnenusar» sos6yraenne H cra6Ha oe ropenue ayra Bos6yakaenne ceapounofi ayri Haut waeren C KOpOTKorO saMukannn cBa- POsHOA wenn — KOHTaKTa MeKAY aneK 16 ‘TponoM u aetarsio. [pu stom npouc- XOAHT BhiZeneHMe TenaoTH H GucTpO pasorpesanne Mecra KowTakra. 3ta Ha- MaabHan cragua TpeSyer noaEUeHHOrO Hanpsxxeuus caapouHoro ToKa. B aaa Hefiuen fipowcxoaMT HeKOTOpOe yMeHE- lulenne conpoTusaenun ayrosoro npo- exKyTKa (seaeaCTBHe sMHCCHH Sa1eKTPO- MOB C Katona H HlOnBAEHHA OODEMHOR MOHHSauHH Ta30B B Ayre), 47O BbiaeBaeT cHuXKeHHe HaNpmKeKH a0 Npemena,HeoOxoamoro asm noaneprKadun yeroR- uaoro ropewns ayra. Tpm_mepexone Karieab saexrpoaworo Meraaa ® cBa- pounyio BavHy NpowexoasT Wacroie KO- POTKHe saMuKaduR cEapouHol uenH. Buecre ¢ sri wswensierea ganna cBa- pounol nyrit. Tp xaxaom, KopoTKoM BaMbikannl wanpmakeute manger 20 Hy- aesoro suauenus. JLan nocaeayioutero noceranonaenns ayrH HeoOKoaHMO Ha- pmkeune nopsaKa 25.30 B. Taxoe Hanpaxenue 2O0KHO OCecnewMBaTben 3a BpeMA He Gore 0,05 c, wTOOs Noa Repmupark ropewe ayrk 8 nepuoa MeDKAY KOPOTKHMH SaMbikakuaan, Cae yet yuectb, TO pH KOpOTKHX 3aMbi- aux ceaposHoh UenH passHBawrcn Goabuiue ToKH (ToKH KoPOTKOTO aMBi- Kawa), KoTOpwe MoryT Bui3RaTh ne. erpes s nposoake H OOMOTKaX ucTOU HHKA TOKa. ‘Brn yeaosn npouecca ceapKn a ocnosiiom w onpeaeasor TpeSonaHun, npexbanamensie x HCTOuHHKaM niTaHAR eBspounoll ayru. Jaa oecneventin yc~ foliunsoro npouecca ceapKn ucTouRNKH uraHin Ayr oaxut YaoneTBOPATS caeayiouine TpeCosanunit: anpamenue XoaocToro xona_Z0n%. Ho OuTb gocTaTONHIM AAA AeTKOTO BOS: Gyxnenin ayri HB TO Ke BpeMA He AOAKHO. npeHbINATE HOpMEL Gesonac- Nocti. MaxcuMaabNo aonycTHMoe Ha: pmmenue xoaoctoro Xona_yeraon- Reno AAR UCTOXRUKOB MOCTORMHOTO TO- ka—90 B, a aaa mcrounuKos nepe- Newtoro Toke — 80 By amlpmKeHne ycroliusoro ropeHun ayrn (paGouee anpsrkente) aoaxto Guerpo YeratanauBaracn H H3MeHATECR sapnichwoctH or aawHBt ayrH. C yae- anyenue Janis Ayr Hanpaxenne howxwo 6utcrpo sospacrars, ac ymew tewem — Guicrpo anars. Bpewa Boc- Craosaenun padosero HanpaKeHun oT O20 30 B nocae xaxx0ro KoporKoro SaMbikaHus (npH KaneabHoM nepenoce meTaaaa OT 34ekrpoaa K cBapuBaewoil aera) omKHO GuiTh weniee 0.05 cs ‘Tok KopOTKOrO saMMKaNHA He nom kei npenuiluarb caapoxHtill TOK 6o: gee eM Ha 40...50%. MIpx stom wcTou. link ToKa ZomaeH BblAepKHBATS NpOnOS: “xuTeabHite KopOTKHe 3aMbiKaHN cBa- PouWoH wen, Sto yeaosue HEOSxonHMo aaa fipexoxpanenun OOMOTOK HcTOUHH- Ka TOKa Of Meperpena H nospe.KLeHHA MOULHOCTD HCTOWHUKa TOKa ADwKHA wre aocrarouHol aA sbinoaHenHn cBa- powneix paGor. Kpowe toro, HeoGxoaumet yerpoiic na, oskoAmIOUIMe PeryanPonaTh cBa- pounuit tox 8 TpeOyembix mpeaenax. Tlpomeuiaenocrsio — abinycKaroren cneayouwe THM HCTOUMHKOB MHTaHIA cBapouHo ayri: caapoxHue npeobpa~ aoparesm, caaposabie annaparh nepe MeHHoro Toka, CaapouHbe BLINPAMHTE.T, $5. Crapownme npeo6pasosarean Caapounsie npeo6pasosatern noa- pasaeamiot Ha caeayioume rpynnb 110 Sweay mlTaebx moctos — onHo~ Toctorite, npeatasHavenHBle aaa nuTa- nu oaHoR caapowHol ayri; MHoro- Nocrosble, AMuTaIOMNe OAHOBpeMeHHO HecKoABKO CBapOuHX Ayr; TO CMO co6y ycTaHoBKM — cTawMonap- kbte, YeraitasausaeMtie HenoaBHKHO Ha cywaamentax; mepeasixunie, MoH pyembe Ha Tenexkax; Mo POAY 20 H- raTese A, mpHBoaminux reHepaTop BO bpaweiue,— malluit c sAeKTpHNECKH NpHBOAOM: MaWHHB ¢ RBHraTeeM BAYT peuuero cropaHisa (GeHsHHoBLIM Han aH- BeabihiM); Hoc nocoGy BU NOAHe HH A — OAHOKOPNycHBe, B KOTOPLIX re- Hepatop H aguraTén BMOHTHPOBAHE B eanHutl Kopnyc; pasmeabuse, B KOTOPHIX reveparop H aBHraesb ycranonaentl Ha oawol pame, a npusoa ocyuecrBanercn uepes coeaunureabHyio MydTy. ‘Onnonoctosbe cBapounsie mpeo6pa- sopatenm cocront 3 rewepaTopa SaeKrponBuraTena Kau aBHraTeA BHYT- pewHero cropatiu, SueKtpaseckan cxe- Ma cRapouvoro rexepatopa oGecneun- baer naaawlLyio BHeUMOW xapaKrepHe- THKY MH orpakuvenue Toxa KopoTKorO sauuixains, BHeUHaR soabt-annepHan xapaktepucruka / (puc. 14) nokassisaer BaBHGHMOCTI MEKAY HanPAKEHHEN 1 TO- KoM Ha Kjemmax caapouKOR uenH rene paropa. Jlna ycroiupocta ropenua cpapouioR ayr# xapakrepucruKa reHe- paropa / ao.kHa nepecekats xapaxre- paetixy ayr# IH, Mpa sos6yxaennn AYTH Hanpaxkenie Hamenneres (//) ot youKn 1 x TouKe 2. Tipy BosMiKnonennh 7Pe 14 4 ycrofiumsom ropexuu ayri ee xapakre. puctuka cmeuaercs ¢ noaoxKenun I sanuMaer noaoxKene Il, a HanpsrKe- Hie Bospactaer 40 aHavenia, ykazalt Horo TouKoil 3. 9a TouKa cooTaetcTayer pexkumy yeroiuusoro roped caapou Holt ayri, Tok xoporkoro saMuKanua (roska 4) He goaxKen npeauuiath, cwapounnii rox (rouKa 5) Gonee vem 8 15 pasa: Ik < 1,5Ip, HanGo.sutee pacnpocrpanenue 8 erpontenserse noay4nin oxHonocToNe Felepatopy ¢ pacutenenHiimn somo: caMM m reteparopH ¢ paamarnn4naav lel nocaenonaresnHol o6woTKOn, Teneparopu ¢ pacuensenneau no- amcanu oGecrexMBaoT — nanawwyi Fonwe ~O Puc, 15 BHeWIHIOIO NapakTepHCTHKy, HcnoabayA PagMarHnuMBaioulee aeacTane MarniT= Horo notoKa akops. Ha puc. 15 noKasa. Ha cxewa cRapoutoro reveparopa Takoro Tuna. Tedeparop umeer HeTlpe ockosiux (N, 4 S,—raagane, Ny 4 So—nonepexnue) 4 asa aonoaun reabaux (N 4 S) noawca. Tp stow OAHOMMEHMIe OcHOBHBIe NomOcH Pacino: AOKeHH PAROM, COcTABARR KAK Oh OAMK PasqnoenHuil nome. O6MoTKR Ros6yx- AEHNA HMEIOT ABE CeKUHH: Heperyaiupye- Myto 2 & peryaupyemyio J. Heperyaapye- Max o6MoTKa pacnosomeHa Ha Bcen NeThipex ocHoBMiix moaIWcaX, @ Pery.tH pyemasi—roabko Hd nonepeuutx, B Len peryaupyemoa oGmoTKi: RoaBy ae Hua BKsioveH peoctar 3. Ha zonoaHn- ‘Teabitlix nomocax pacnosoxena cepnec- kaa o6morka 4. [lo ueiitpaaniion sim HHH cumwetpHH O—O Mexay paso: uMeHiniMH nosweaMH Ha KonAeKTOpE Fe epatopa pachoiorkentnt ockoBHie weT- KH @ Wb, K KOTOpHIM noaKmO¥aeTeR cBapounas uens. Jlonoammresban wer. ka ¢ CaYKHT AnK MHTAHHA OGMOTOR Bos y mAeHR, Tp xoaoctom xoae renepatopa (pic. 16, a) o6MorKH nozecoR coanaio1 Ba MarHurHeix nOTOKA G, H Dy, KOTO Pble MHAYKUpyIOT 9. a. c. B OOMOTKE skopa. TPH sambixann caapouHo’ uenn (pac. 16, 6) no o6MorKe axopa norexer TOK, KOTOPHIA cosaaeT MarHHTHAH NOTOK aKopA ,, ManpasmenHi no aMHAn OCHOBHNIX IETOK H 3aMBIKaIOUMMeR ve pes momocst rexepatopa. MariurHbtt ROTOR AKOPA bq MORHO PaaIOAKHTh Ha ABA COCTABAROUUX MOTOKA Per Ht Dan Torok ®,; no nanpasaenmo 6yzer con Nagath c noToKoM ®, raaBHitx nomWwCOB, Ho yewHTs ero He Moker, TaK Kan TaBHile nlomocK reHeparopa uMewr BuIpe3b, YMeHbillaOULHe NAOUaAH Hx No epeuniix cevenai, x nostoMy OHM pabo ‘TaloT np loaHoM MarHuTHoM Nacht meHMH (1. e. MarHitTHEdH noTOK 3THx no: su0coB Ke3aBKCHMO OT Harpy3kH ocraeT- cA mpaktaveckH nocromiiiim). Toton yy Manpanaen pote notoKa ¢, HlonepeuKtx-‘NoawcoB Kt ostomy ocaa6 aset ero HK AaKe MOKET HaMeHUTH Hanpapaenue cywMapHoro noroKa. Ta koe delieTsHe warkiTHOro nOTOKA AKOPA NpHBoauT K ocslaGaeHM cymMapHorePro. 16 Marnuruioro iwrona reHepatopa, a oTew- Aa K YMENDUIEHHIO HANpRKEHKA Ha oC HOBMBIX WLeTKaX reHepaopa. Hem 6o.t uni TOK nporeKaer Mo OGMoTKE AKOPA Tem GonbWe MATHITHEIM MOTOK @., TeM Goabue cHHxkaerea Hanpaxenne. [pn KOPOTKOM 3aMbIKaHaH cBapouNoH wen Hanpakenne 1a OCHOBHEX WeTKAX NoMTHL aocturaer HyseBoro aHANeHHs Ceapounish Tox peryaupyior 8 10a prema — rpy6o x Tout. Hpx rpyoom peryanpoRaninn cMeuaioT UleTouHYIO ‘panepcy, #@ KOTOpod pactosoxeHH Bce pH uleTkH rexeparopa. Ecau cxBarath LUleTKH 0 HanpaBaeHiNO spameHus| AKO- pa, TO paswariiumeaiuee gelicrsne HOToKa AKOPA yoenMUMAETCS H CBA pOuHEAH TOK ymeHbwaeTes, [px oGpat HOM casHre paaMariimsaioulee gener BHe yMewmwaerca cBapouNit TOK ypeaiunsaeres, Takum oGpasom yera: HaBanBalt uNTepaaM GoslbiHX H ma~ aisix ToKoB, [liapHoe 4 TowHoe pery “niponane ToKa npoHsBoAaT peocTatoM, BKAIOUEHKEIM 8 tLeith OGMOTKH BOSGYK Ae nua, Yeeanunpan Wad yMeNbutas peo ctatoM TOK sOxGyxkaeHHR 8 OGMOTKE HonepeuHx nOswCOB, HaMeHsIOT Mar HuTHl NOTOK @,, Tew caMBIM HEMeHAIOT Hanpackenne reepatopa H caapourit TOK, B renepatopax ¢ pacuensennuma nomwcamn nosakHX BhinycKOB cBapox- null Tox peryaupyioT HaMeHeHHeM wHea BUTKOB ceKUMOHUPOBAHHLX OGMOTOK No a¥ocoB rexepatopa # peoctatoM, BK: MeHHEM B UetIh OOMOTKH sos6yKaeHHA, Peoctat yeravasausaeres #a Kopnyce reepatopa H umeer uxany ¢ Jene Huawn @ amnepax. To Tako cxeme paGorawr reveparop CI-300M-1, ne Roabayemble 8 — ipeoGpasosareanx TIC-300M-1 TIpanunnnannian cxema ceveparopa © paswacnuiusaouun Jeucreuem noc AedoeaTeAnHol oOMOTKU BOSGYKACHHA, BRAOWeHHOl B CBApONHY!O UenB, nped- ctasaena Ma pwc. 17. Texeparop Meet age OGMOTKH: OBMOTAY BOs6yRK nena fm paamariuwutaaouty nocre- oBatenbkylo oOMoTAY 2. OGMoTKA BOS: GyrkuenHA MHTaeTeR HGO OT OCHOBHOA HW AOTOaHHTeASHOA WLeTOX (B Hc), aHGO oF cMleuWanbHoro HcTONRHKa nocTORH- Horo toKa (OT ceTH mepeMenHoro TOKA epes ceaeHoani exinpamuterb), MarTadauual oho fet rpo a [feapeans womaoen, | Macca tip coi co SDB ADD ‘ 155 ficos feos = ae ABE 8 ficos Fees ahaa ABIES i fesoom. cram 3) Nanay AB it So nese! Fea once Bd B a pout upeopasosarereli gana faga. | uruuih noroK ,, cosaasaemuti 270% OOMOTKOM, HOcTORNMB w He aBHcHT oT arpyski reveparopa. Pasarnuunaate ian O6MoTKa BkaIDYeHa NocaedoMATeAS Moc OGMOTKOR sKOPR Tak, TO npH open ayrH cBapoxtisl Tox, HPOXOAR epes oOmorKy, cosaaer MarnitrHll no- Tok @., wanpaasteHii nporus noroKa ,, Caeaosatenbwo, 9. a, ¢. rexeparopa Gynet wkayunposarsca peayabTupyio- HM MarHirHM NoToKOM Dy — By C yneauvennew caapoxworo roKa mar- HuTHli noToK ®, sospacraer, a peayai TUpyOWAA warHNTHEAR noTOK dy — yuensuiaeres. Kax caeacrane, ymexir iuaetem suayuupyeman 9. ac. revepa- ropa. Takin oOpasom, paamarauuBaio- utee aelicrane OOworaH 2 oGecnesusaer noayyenwe nanawuel sHeumnel xapak- Tepictuku reHeparopa. Caapoukiti ToK Peryaupyeres nepekaovennet BHTkos NocaenosarerHol o6morkH (rpyGaa Peryzuposka — asa ananaaona) 1 peo. CraToM OGMOTKH BOs6yAKneMHR (nAaR- Ham 4 TOMAR peryauposka B npexerax kaxkoro akanasoMa). To TaKoh cxeme suinycxaoreareeparops’ PCO-120, 10-300, 'CO-500, FC-500 w ap. Kpar: kan Texkiseckas xapaxrepucrika cna Ha puc. 18 npescranses oavonocrosol nepe: snucio Coapoumpeccpesenerese TCO 0, Buinyenaestil “cope nawesuinh Wnponoe "pmneenne. npn erporrensio-wonramtst pate tax. Ow -cocrouy a. rexeparopa, TCO.S00. 9 {eigasnoro. acmuapounord’sexaposenraean NB-72-4, cwonruponannnx 8 ezitom nopnyce na fonecat/ai tepeweuerna fo crporenenok naa ttenne.Tpeodpsoonarese npearsanavel sam py Hol ajronol eoapun,nasyabrowsyuseenol isan Took w abrowarmeecnoh chau Nox" Gaon Hin rpyéore perysnposauin’ceaposnors rons (epeerisennn anraoe nocsesosarerwnon ower sa) ha mienonyo aocky reepaTops eugene na onpusrernan a sooest ror ranra, Bes HeoGtoxih caapotnah Tox ® apeae- ax 120,.860°A, ro ceapovane Nposoaa. apes Saar paren w penton noo Sexanoy" omranrane Tipu pobre. ka Torah 350.1600 Acoapostie tposens npicoeanunor ‘ovpnuavessnony " xpaleny Nosomresatouy fonranraw Tlaaeno.coapounh Tox peryanpyy Peocraros, sxsnovevin ent eoMoraN Hebe opnyee ike TOROYKE: garedew. Wkara meer 30a para uitp, coorder ‘it!pna™ no360An nappa pas 20808 A Zan sunoawenus ceaposnux pa6or pw ‘oreyreraau saexrposweprun (Ha Nosocrpofikax, Ha MoHTaxHuX paGorax 8 loneoIX yeuoBHax, nH cBapKe ras0- Hecbrenpononos, px yctawosKe wat saekrporiepenay abicoKoro HanpaxKeHNR Wap.) npHMeHsior nepeasucdite cBa Powntle arperats, cocronue 3 cBa- PowHoro reHeparopa x anurarens Biyr- euHero cropawun. Kparkan rexansec- kan Xapakrepuctaxa wavonee pac poctpavieHHsrx cnapowwulx arperaros c ABHraTeaaMH BHyTpeHHero cropaKuA ana 8 taba. 2. Ha prc. 1Y upescransen caaposnuh arperar sro8 rpynn FIAC-400-VI11. Arperar cocror #3 Feveparopa, CEA-SVI n anurarean buyspenvero ropatit 3101-120" naw" SHITTCA. Peneparop Padoraer m exewec paswarnwnesouie nocrenePue. arexs1oh o6norkoh.Peryanposesine TOKE npOH Bows peocrarow ues school oOMoTHH B02 Gace, Haren caapoxworo arperae ce oR craunovapnon,padoms’ on wweer abvoMst» setiadtenrpoGenvpersaarop exopoctn epa tenn: Pyne peryanponate sa peor MDH whan joc browser Saree aun npn Bye3arwoM JosSeH CKOPOCTH Rapomun arperse cwonrupovaw wa. mecTROH Nera” pawe ec KaTW@MH ASR nepewe ‘evn: Hanae xpsnn # Goxonbx weraaaiee fix wrop, seuunatsoubnx of atwoedepmx cee ‘on, nosecancr wenonnsonere arperav san DeGo7A wa oryparow BoSa3%e Tan caapkn 9 aura rasax, a rawxe Ain noayaBTOMaTHHeckoll H aBTO: MaTHueckoh caapKH npuMenAIOT reHepa- yophl ¢ XKECTKOR WAM sospacratoutel sHeurnelt xapakrepucrHxod. Takwe reve~ PaTophl HMeIOT OOMOTKH HesaBHcHMorO nos6yakaeHHA M MoaMarHHYnBaroutyio rrocaeaonatensiy oGmorky. Tip Xo- AOCTOM XORe 9. A. Cc. TeHepaTopa HaBO- ‘HTeA MarHTKEIM OTOKOM, KOTOPSIM cO- 3aaeten OGMOTKOH HesasHicHMOTO —BO3: 9 Gyskaenna. Tp pa6ovem pexume cBa- pounuit TOK, npoxoas Yepes nocseno- Batenbiylo O6MOTKy, cosaaeT MarHHT- ku noTOK, Coananaiousi no Kanpal eno © MarHHTHEIM MOTOKOM O6MOTKH HesasicHMoro Bos6yxaenus. Tem ca- Main oGecredHaaeTcn 2KeCTAAR HAH BOS pactaouan sozsT-aneplan xapak ‘repueraka. Ha pwc, 20_npescrasaen_npeo6pasosaren» raxoro Tina TICK 850, cocroRuina ns, cnapow toro reneperops.nocromsworo.T0Ks TCT-390 pexgasnioro acsixpontory saexrposanrarenn MB-c1-? wowwocra 14 xB. Teneparop weet ‘onorny wevaDncnworo BOxOyiKxeN® NORMAL: mmbaoutyin moctesonaredsiyo COMOTKY. OS: chwor® BosOymaeniH NHTBETCR CT Erashannerop fannie. Roze6 Iexeva sa ARE CERLIE RH BRABNENHN fyi. len acthBirxo8_ reHepaTop Ba pemuwe Mecrkoh xapaxrepierie, ip Toaesosannn ncex nrkom o6worxn revepatop aaer bospacrawuiyo avd xepaxrepucrayy. Te: Heparop " xanratens pasweusens:® OOULeM KOPT}- elm ewonripovait Ho TereKKe, Tasanus ? Mapea | Mapra rene- | Homunannnce | pesca pe: ae tree steps, | Menzamte | Moamemer | Btn [Teac | MSE Ate _— snes; | ses acewo? rooms Tam TA maitsay 0 ASS” FESS BTR ARES Hers) soit acag) EAI —tm.e0 Aa mamer 44.1160) 3500 ACh g GEESM $600 aS S{65} ata mae Tae ee in crayi 49 apes auton $4160) 1000 EAS REM! $3 "B608 Raw Rana) 21Yunwepcaasssse — npeo6pasonarean: TICY-300 TICY-500-2, npeakasauen- HME ANA py4HOR CBapKit, aBTOMaTHUec: Kol cBapKn loa qmocoM, a TaKKe aToMaTH¥eckoll M NoayaRToMaTHuecko CBapKH B SaMLNTHHIX rasax, Oecredn BaloT Kak Nagawoulyio, TaK H 2KecTKYO BHeuo0 xapaxrepucruky. B 9THx NpeoGpasosareasx, Nepektiovan Heaa BHCHMYIO H MocatenoBaTeRbHy:o OOMOTKH Fevepatopa, moxHO cosaanats pasmar- HHUHBAIOWNA H NoaMarHHMBaroULMit no: TOKH H COOTBETCTBEHHO HoAyYaTh TY HAN muyio xapaktepuetiny, TIpu paGote Ha ctponrenbnof nao: iaake HIN 3aBome HeCKOABKHX CRAPO HBX focTOB, PacHlonOKeHHEIX HeLAMeKO Apyr OT Apyra, Npueisaior MHoronocTO- BOR cBapounwh — npeo6pasonareas. Bueuaa xapaxtepuctaka —mxoronoc. Toworo cuapouHoro reHepaTopa aomKHa GuiT >kecTKOR, 7. e, HesaRNeHMo oF KomivecTBa paGoTaIoWAHx nocToe HanpA dkeMMe TeHepaTopa LOUKHO OuTe No- cTonunum. JLaa noayueHnn nocrosnHoro 2 HanpmkeHia MioronocTosol reneparop (puc. 21) umeet napaznensuyio o6MoT- xy pos6yxctenua /, cosaarouty'o mardi Hitii noToK yi nocaeaosarexsiyio OGmoTKy 3, cosaaiouiyio MarKTH To: Tox , Toro ae HanpaBneNiA Tipit xonoctom xone 5. a. ¢. rexepato- pa nkayumpyeTes roasKo marnuThuus no: ToKOM $s, TaK Kak B MocAeKoDATeRHOA o6worKe Tox orcyrcrayer. Hanpaxxenne Tenepatopa aocTaro¥No nw saxkHraHn Ayr. BO spe caapkn nonbaneren TOK 8 O6MoTKe BKOpA H, cdexoNaTeRbKO, 8 MlocieosaTeAsHOR O6MOTKe Bo3Oy>K aciws. TIpH 9t0M Nloseaneten Marunt uti notoK Dy w >. a. ¢. 6yeT MHAyApO- batsca cywmapusar noroKoM D+ oy, Tlaxenwe wanpaxenna waytpH reneparo: a pit paGouem pexxume Kowmenenpyer ca yaeamunsatoutanen marknTinaM MOTO. Ko, nostomy NanpaokeHue ocraeten abit Hanpaxenwo xonoctoro xoxa. Aaa noaywenna nanaowel eteuneh Napaxteputetakn cpapouute Nocti sitowaior B wem rexeparopa_wepes peryslapyensie Gasnactane peoctars 4 Hanpsoxenne reepatopa peryaupyit peocTaToM 2, sxaoeniun 8 en Ta DaanensHoR o6woTKH Bo36yxKaeMt. Coapountil tox yeranasaneaior nawene- Xwen conpotusaenna — GanaactHoro peocrara Muoronocroso ceapownuih pe o6pasosaten, TICM-1000 (pie. 22) cocronT H3 esaposioro rexepatopa mo: cronuHoro toxa tHna CI-1000 n Tpex ‘asnoro acuuxpoxworo —anuratenn, cMoutmposayAtix 8 oaHoM Kopnyce Teneparop CP-1000, mecrunoniocmish, ¢ camonos6yxxaexnest, niteer napaaaects Pn. 2128 ——~) 1610. pd een fh hha fh bie 3s 220/408, — ‘Bxom i Pc, 22 tylo H mocaexonarexbuyio o6morkH, __TIpmaexentie mworotiocrossix cna- CosnaioulNe MarKUTHLLe TIOTOKH OxNHa —POSHUX mpeoGpasonate.tell ymenbulaet Koporo Hanpanaewns, B xowmteKt cBa- Posnoh MauIMi BOAT eBATH Ga alactusix peoctatos PB-200, nospoam0- LHX pasBepHYTh AeBATH riocTOB Tpeodpasosarean TICM-1000-1 x TICM-1000-II eymectsemmex KoueTpyK- THBHSIX orAHA He MMeOT. OGMOTKH Bos6yxxenna ——rewepatopa. oy TICM-1000-1 warotopaents His mean, ay TIEM- 1000-11 — 13 aromas, Mlocaen neh moanusaunel —paseten TICM-1000-4, coctonuuih na rexepatopa TCM.1000-4' 4 saexrpoasuratena A2-82-2 momuoctbo 75 KBT. B Komrtsek npeoGpasosarean sxoast Gaaaactawe peocrars — PB-200-1 (9) tam PB-300-1 (6 ut.) Baaaactawil peocrat PB-200 (pic 23) umeeT ate pyOu.ibHnKos, mepe- KavosieniieM KoTOpHsX yeTaHapanDaIOT CO- mporupsenne peoctara. Irn mepeksnowe- MWg MOsBoamOT peryaNpoBats CBapox- Muli TOK ctyneH¥aTo wepes KarKAHe 10 A 8 npeneaax 10...200 A Pa aolLaAH, 2aHHMaeMBe CBapOUAIM O50- pyAOBaHiieM, CoKpaulaeT pacxoais Ha pe- MOHT, YxOR H oGcayanpanne. Onnaxo KH. cBapouyoro moera skaunren Mo Hike, eM pH onHOHIOCTOBOM pe OGpasosarere, seaeaerade SoAbulnx No- {eps MoulNoeTH B Gasiacrimx peocra tax. Tlosrowy ssGop oaxoro wxoro- NoctoRoro wl Heckoaskix omHonocTo- bux coapownx arperatos oGocKons: 'a10T TexkinKO-9kOHOMIECKHM PacueToN ‘Aas KOHKpeTHBX yeaosii TEcant SxoHOMHYCCKH sBiroAHO MpHMe- MexHe omwonocToBEYX cBapownX erpe- ratoB, Ho MoutwocrH oasioro rexeparopa Hegocraroxno am paGorly c#aposHoro nocTa, ak.vowaior NapactsesbHo 28a CBa- pownnix arperara, [lpi napasaeasnon BxmOGeNMH reHepaTopoB HeoBxoaHNO coB.norats caeayiounte yeaoumn. Tene paroper AOUAHY GoiTD oAUaKOBHMH 0 Tuny i BeUIHIIM xapakrepnicTixaM. Zo BKUOWeHIIR —HEOOXOANMO — OTperYyAHDO- BaTb revepaTopDt wa oxuaKoBoe Hanps Hat | 0 20 Ww 30 BOA % 4Pe. 242 2xettHe xoaocroro xoaa. Mlocae Bkaioue- Hus 6 paOory cneayeT ¢ Momoulbio pery- aupyiournx yeTpoficts yctakosntb no amnepMetpy oanHakoByio Harpyaky re- Hepatopos. Ipn Heonm¥akoBok Harpy3 Ke Hanpmxenne onsoro rexepatopa 6y {eT BuUIe APYCOrO H TeKeparop C HHAKHM HamnpmokeHueM, 1lTaeMMl TOKOM BTopOrO retepatopa, Gyaet paGotaTs Kax pura Teas, 310 mpheenet x pasmarnianea. imo nlomocon rexepatopa n BiIxoay ero H3 crpon. Tlostomy eaeayer no- CTORHHO CAeRNT 38 NOKAsaHHAMH axe Nepmerpos npH Heo6xoaMoctH pery aupopats pasomepHocts warpyaKi. Jas ypasxnsanna vanpmxenna na paaaeabio paGorawux rexepatopon ¢ TanaiouHMH BHeUIRHNH XapaKTepHCTH kami npimensior nepekpectioe niTaHne WX weneR Bos6yxKxeHHA: OBMOTKH BOS Gyxcaekna onHoro reHepatopa nHta‘oT- 8 OT ULeTOK sIKOpR apyroro reHepato: pa(puc.24)./las sT0f wean rexeparopat HMeIOT YpabHNTeADHBIe KOHTAKTH, KOTO- pue Hag mpm naparaenbHoh pa6oTe CoeaHHTs Merkay COOK. Tip napanaersiom BkoweHHH MHO- ronoctosuix rexepatopos TICM-1000 HeoOxoAHMo KewMDl Ha uLWTKaX TeHepa~ topos P'C-1000, oosnayeniuie SyKoOR ¥ (ypapaureabHi), coeaMRHTh Mexay 0604 nposozom; ‘Ip stow noc-tenoBa- ‘Tesintike OGMOTKH TeHlepatopos Coes: HAIOTER MapanterbHo i, TaKHN Opa 30M, HHCKAIOWAIOTCR KOeGAHNR B Pactipe- aenein Harpy3KH Mexay reHlepaTopa- § 6. Ceapounwe annaparis aepemennoro Ceapounne annapats nepewennoro ‘oka, MpHMeHReMHe Ha saBorax cTponTersuo-mouTaxiex — naoulag- Py KaX, MogpasaeamioT Ha veTbipe OCHOBHEE pynnsi: ewapownsxe annapathic oraeas- RAM aPoccestem; cBapownbne annapaTa. £0 BCTPOeHHbIM “ApOCceneM; cBapouHtE annaparss ¢ MOABHAKHDIM MarHiTHBiM uykToM; Caapounnie annapaTa c yRe- ANWeHKSIM-MarHHTHBM pacceniueM. H noaBiOKHOR OGwoTKOA. Onn oT- Auwaioren no KOHeTpykitnn mmo Si1ekTpieckoi cxeme. Caapownbre anna~ pati coctosT wa nodimkarouero Tpaxe- ‘popmatopa “M yerpofeTea—apocceas, ToaBwKHOTO MarHHTHOrO uIyHTa, nod BiDKHOA OGMOTKH—aAnA cOsAaKHA na avouteli sHeuinell xapakrepucrinku x pe TyampoBatina craposoro Toxa. Tpawe- opmarop oGecneuusaer nuraine ayra mepemeniisw TOKOM HanparKennent 60. 70 B. Coapoxnsie annapare ¢ ordeavnous Spocceaem (puc. 25)cocToRT us. HloKN- xaroulero TpaHe;bopMatopa n apoccena (peryantopa tora). Tpaxetpopwatop Tp uweeT cepaeuiiuk (saraitonposoa) 2 13 Mactus, OTUTAMNOBAHASX H3.TORKOR tpancipopmatopHol craan Toaunnoh 0,5 um. Ha cepaeunnxe pacnozomeni neponukan I 4 sTopHuan J OOMOTKH. Tlepsuiian o6morKa 113 Ha0aMpoBaniol NpoBomOKH noakmOXaeTeR K ceTH Nepe- MekHoro ToKa Hanpmxennen 220 nan 380 B. Bo stopuuHof oOmoTKe, H3TOTOB: CleHHO Hs MeRHOR UIMHBL, HRAYUMPYETCR Hanproxexne 60...70 B. HeGoasutoe war- hirThoe paccensauie ¥ manoe omnuec- koe conpotuesienne o6MoTOK oGecrie4H: alot HeaHasinTembHoe BHyTpeHKee na- aeiNe HANPAKCHHA WH DBICOKHA Kd, ‘pancopmatopa, Tocneaonatensio ¢ BTOpHYKOR OGMOTKOA B cBapoutyIo Lens BkaveHa o6MoTKa 4 (us roaol mes oA wins) apoccena 1p. O6morKa nme er acGectonsie mpoxaki, nponHTanibte TenaocroiixuM taxom. Cepaeunnk xpoc- cea TawKe HaOpan Wa nAacTHH ToH- Ko TpaxcsbopmatopHof craan m coctomt Na ABYX WaCTeM: HenoNBHOKHOR 5, Ha KO Topoli pacnonorena oOwoTKa apoccens, M MloABIDKHOR 6, nepememtaenon ¢ 0 Moulbi BHETOBOK nap 7. [pH spauLe- RUN pyKOATKH Tio iacoBOH cTpeAKe BOI AyUlHiali 3830p @ yaeansupaetes, mpoTHE Naconoi ctpenxn—ymenburaercn. Tp sos6yxaewin ayrH (pH Kopor KOM 3aMBiKAHH) GostbilOR Tok, Apoxo- A Wepes OBMoTAy ApocceaR, ‘coa;aet| 7 AUT 7 a 3} . ZZ Pre. 25 MOWHEIA MarHHTHBNA noTOK, HanoARULAA 3... apoccea, HanpaaneMsyio npoTie fanpAXexHA Tpaxcdoparopa. Bropx- Hoe Hanpmkenie, pasemsaemoe tpaHe- opmaropom, onwocrsio noraowaerca adenuem Hanpaxenus 8 apoccere. Hanpaokenne 8 caaposnoR uenm mourn AocTHraet HyeBoro sHaeHus. Tlp# sosHiknoaennn ayrn cBapox- HMA TOK yMeHbusaeTeR; acaea 3a HAM YMenbwaeTCR 9.2.¢. | caMonHayKWiOH Apoccenn, HanpasteHiaa npoTHs Hanps- 2XeHAR TpatcdpopMaropa, HB cBapouKoh Yeni yeratasnsaetes padovee HampA- 2keHHe, HeOOXoAHMOe ANA ycToRuNBOrO TopeHua ayri, Mewbulee, eM Ha~ TpwxeHHe xoaoctoro xona. Mame RRR 3a30p a MexAY —NeTDOABINK- RUM A MOABHORHBIN MarHHToNpO BOLANH,” HIMeHSIOT HAYKTHBHOE CO potusdenne apoccent Tex camsM TOK 8 caaposHoA wenn. Tp yaean- eH 3a30pa MarnHTHoe conpoTHBae- He warkHTonposoaa apocceaa ysenu- dupaeTeR, MarniTRWH NOTOK OCAaGaReT- cA, yMeNbuAeTeR 3.2.¢. camoMHAYKUHH KaTyuika # ee HHAyKTABHOE conpoTHB- sewne. 310 Mpxsoant x nospactaniio ceapounoro Toxa. [px yMensuleHAH 38- Sopa ceapounuii ToK ymenbulaerca. Oana o60por pykontkit nHnToROA napet waMeHseT coapoNMIA TOK MPHMEpKO Ha 20 A. Tlo stoi cxeme msroroasenu cea- posuite rpanedopwaropy tuna CTS ‘pacopmaropst CT3-24-Y CTO: 34-Y ne cao lo yerpolicray Ht Gesonacti 8 pa6oTe H nostoMy Hx We PoKo MpxMeHAIOT Mpx py'Hof ayroBoh coapxe. i e133 we, 28 npeacrasnen rpaedopuaro P eesanropow Ueporceneu) PCTS OL Tpancbopwarop 1 perynsrop 2 saknosen 8 or Absit KOMSRO 1 TONKGR”aucTOOOR Crag ‘anor So erection ty Honzens a konecair ain epewetiennn, ep: Biawan’ cOwcr¥a. Ha" voarupoBaMioR nposaro. Ki pasweutena to "aeyx xaryulnan. dLan Ona. Scuin pane@opwaropa. 8 cere ¢ weTpmxcnew 220" obworte uaryuiee coeannet nepanens oy a. kam cemt wanpaxennen 380 B—nocre oneversto. Bropitan c6xorKa 12 ron0h wea: oR wna pacharomesta aonepx nepansnoh ows wi ka rex me xaryutan. lpn stow. sropmsnan Stvoraa coemhvens eceraa Rocxeonarenaro, Ha Fopuowoh creske Kowa, naenwosoh 200K Pactosancenh sus0Rh epbnstohoBucT« ne Apytol Topload ereine -auaosss ropa 08 Ceapoxnoie annapare co acrpoex- now Gpoccere(pnc.27) weit sieKT- pomarmuTayio cxemy, paspa6oranyio axan. B. Tl. Huxwraius. Maran Tonposon Tpacibopmatopa coctout Ha OcHoBHOro cepaesinKa J, Ha KoTOpOM pacttonoxKenss nepanstian 2 w propmuKas 6 o6woTKH coBcTseHKo TpaKchopmaro- Pa, H A0Gaso¥Horo cepaewniKa 4 © aPac. 28 oOmorKofi 5 apoccean (perya#ropa roKa), floGasounsit MarkuTonponoa pachoroxwKeH Ha OCHOBHEM H COCTONT Wa KenoaamKHOl HW TlonewKHOR wac~ tel, MexKay KoTOpEIMH C TOMOULEIO BHKTOBOH Nlapal 3 yCraHaeanBaerca Heobxoammefi Bo3AyuIMM sas0p a Mardutand oTox, cosaasaemui OGMoTKOM apocceas, MOET HMeT» 10> ytHoe Wan acrpewHoe Hanpansieune © MOTOKOM, coszanaewaim BTOpHYHOR ‘oGMoTKOlt TpakeibopMaTopa, B SaBHCH Pac, 29 MOCTH OT Toro, Kak BKMONEHBE 3TH oGMoTKH. Ip BeTpeHKOM coemMHEHKh MarHHTHMe NoTOKH, BOSRHKAOULHE mph Npoxomaennn ToKa BO BTOPHUKOR oGmorKe —Tpanctbopmatopa o6morke apoccean ®,, 6yayr Hanpaaae- mai Hagcrpery apyrapyry. — Tipw STM HanpsoxeHe xotocToro Xona U =Un—Ua, tae Un nanpmrxerine no BTOpHUHOA OOMOTKE TpaxebopMaTo: pa, B; Us —sanparxente 8 oOmoTKe apoccean, B. [px nonyrkom Bkmo4eRKH Markutabie notoKn , » ®, Gyayt HiMeTs OlWHakonoe HanpaBseHHe N Ha: npsxenne xonoetoro xona Use Ure $U ss Chapountsit Tox peryaupyior, wame- kas sosayul 3230p @; MEM GowtBiE 3asop a, Tem Goabille cBapounuit TOK Cspot annapar CTH500, apeacranzen nak tape 2, mpennasnasen spy ‘Slap Bit pny sree mt wom cee Senco fanehonttope pes ers nanpanentex 220 1 380 8. Crapotma Sm pechanpyos apuennen pymoniee, ax 8 peryontope tna ECTS. Ha ropuan nokysa cea Porno annapara yerawonren ewno@ue 08 n't kovopunmanesens © omni cTopons nr I topanok ran 8 © apyrone om Rowe moprtvel obworan sans nove OMT poe Ceo dn aercnan epee apn SERS sec IRE aa Cpapouue antapars TCiL, npune: uaewaie ianAM o6pa90M pH aBTO- Novieckoi caapke, nner anleTaRunor foe ypanaenne peryanpowsknen cRa- poworo ToKa, Tloxamkian wacth cep- KReutike “Mepesetiaerer ¢ MOMOULO slepesunon epeaavn oF 1ekrpoxeHra Tenn, ypansmeworo AByWA MarkiT taint nyckareran. [pn BcHOeHH O2- Horo. 13 nix cvapounl TOR Bo3 pactaer, pi axTiowexi xpyroro— yuenutaeren, JLi oxiaxeaeHna an fapata yeraviosen wenTHaRrop ¢ a1eK7- poswnrarenest TpexpasHoro oka Mout hoctiio 0,25 KBr XapanrepicTiwa cnaposkux ana patron c apoccesem npnivenena 8 ra6.. 3 Coapownnie annaparn ¢ yaesuve- moist saenurnoim paccennuen te Inodauxneun MaenuTNets uyRTOX (PHC 29) “nmetor ‘erin soMkiyTit mar tiwronposoa, y Koroporo Ha oaKoMTaGanua 3 Tanpaaene, B sca Mapa caapow es Mpc ety} : PH) pain : resnere | zsetor | poccnn CIa24¥ 220, 380 60 30 Jo0..500 130 0 CTa24¥ 220, 380 © % 1530..700 160 100 CTH 350 220, 380, a 30 30.450 20 GriC500 220, 380 6 30 150""700, 20 220, 380 60 30 200/900 380 = TCA-500 220, 380 %0 6 200.°600 445, = TEH-10003 220, 380 80 2 4o0."t200 540 TEN-2000 220, 580 59 800.2200 950 cTepxHe pactioso-%eHK neppHHaA 4 OOMOTOK MoryT epeKmOYaTECR ¢ Toc: M BropHunan 3 oGMoTKH TpaKecbop Maropa, a Ha apyrom— peaxtupHan o6mor«a J. Mexkay KuMH HaxoaMT cH cepkeHb— MarHiTHE wyHT 2 Ulynt sawstkaer marnutawe ioroKn, cosaapaembe MepsHHOR H peaxtHaKoi OGMorkawn. [pH stom o6paayioren MATHNTHEIe NoTOKM paccemHun, KOTO pue cosAIOT SHAYHTEABHOE HHAYKTHB: Hoe conpornazenne. Taxi oGpazom OGecnewmBaeren manaouan BHENHR xapakrepicrixa Tpanciopmaropa. Ceapownsth Tox peryaupyior, nepe- ewan MArHHTHiIH WlyHT Bomb HaNpaB- AeHHA MarHHTHoro noToKa. [pH BbLABH- enum UlyKTa paccenune marnutiax HHoToKOB flepBHsHOR H peaxTHBHOR o6- MOTOK yMenbiaercR, BewtencTBHe wero YweHbuliaeTca — wkayKTHBHOe_ corpo: Twaaenne tpancibopmaropa. Tp stom cBapownsti TOK Bospactaet. Tlo Tako: My Mpiusny paGoraior ceapounnie an naparis Tana CTAH w CTUL Ceapowmsie annapatia tana CTU wer MarauTHOiA WHT, cocromuuM 12 ABYX Mo10BHH, KOTOpHE MoryT caDK ratbes m pasasnrateca. [pH noaHocTsio casiiyrerx mosopKiax ulyHTa cbapow aaa TOK OyaeT MiHMLarHHBR. Ecan pas: BHAT MOAOBMHM ulyHTa, TO Mark Huth MOTOR pacceanis yMeHbiliaercn W ostomy ceapoxuih Tox sospacraer. 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Craposioif Tox pery ANpyIoT WIMeHEHieM pacctomKA Me AY MepsHNHIaMH H BTOpHUHEEMH OGMOT- kamu. [Ip Yeeansenith storo paccros: HHA MArHUTHBI moTOK pacceRAA B03: pactaer, a ceapoxnsth Tox ywenbulaer- Tabanuad Mapua JRonpeéne] Bropne | Mpezeaw ro ana {nacre | mene rsnen Sou Macca, ar paren | RBex | Sector a an cru2s0 153 o}80.280 CTUNg00 20560 110."405 58 CTUNs00 330 BO '148-4650 330 Grursto: 4&8 8060.80 Sa 80 orPuc. 30 ca. To stomy npuxuiny naroroaxenst Tpachopmatopu Tuna TC (pic. 30), TCK 4 TZ c aniominestinn oOMmorKa: am, Caapounsie annapats: TCK mMeior KokaeHcaTopsl, KOTOpHe BkaIOYeNN na Panneasio nepsnansim oOmoTKaM. OnK enocoBerayoT nosuueHHO KoSpbu- uenta MowHocri. Tpakepopmatopis tna Til wMewt ea ananasona coapounsix ToKoB: GozbUsHe TOKH — pW MapaanensHow coemMHeKKN nep- BHANGX H BTOPIIHEX OBMOTOK H Ma AMe TOK — MPH nocmexOBATeNSHOM HX Coeannesin, TMepexmowenite o6woroK 8 NPOHSBOAHTCR OAHOBpeMeHKO MaKeTHsiN nepexniovarexem. B Karx10m AnarasoHe TOK naaBHO PeryanpyioT, HaMeHAA pac. cromiie MeKay”KaTyukamn nepaniKol 4H sropHsnok o6woToK. Vao6us1 a8 pa: Gots B yenoBnax crpoHTembHO-mORTaK- Woh naoulankn tpaxchopwatops TH 304, orsnuatounecs or T1-300 wasn ne yeTpoficrea 8 suze AonommNTesS Hof npicTaBKH AAR AHCTAHUHOHHOTO pe- FyaMpoBakHa caapouHoro ToKa. XapaK- ‘TepucTiika cBapodnsix annaparos c noA- BuIKHOM OGMOTKOR npHseaeHa B Taba. 6 Aan. ctpoutenpiio-monTaxkuBix pa- Gor owens yaoSust o6siervennbie nepe- Noche caapounwie annaparst TCI-| x TCI1-2, Oxn npeanasHavensi aaa caapkn KopoTkix wiB08, MpHXBATOK, T. e. MPH caapxe ¢ Ooxsuinmn nepepsisamy. Bro- Pi4Han 06 woTka tpaxedopmaropa TCI V cexukonuponana, ro noanonaer cry- ewwaTo peryanpoBatb cBapo¥Hsih TOK epexmioveniew cexunf ¢ NOMOULBIO Te- eMBiuki Ha OpoHeBOR aocke Tpane*pop- Maropa. Macca ceapowHoro annapata TCI-l — 35 xr. Mpereas ceapos- koro Toxa 105...180 A. Macca anna- para TCI-2—63 xr. Hommaasnsih tox — 300 A Tpexpasnere coapounsie annapares Npumensior npx caapke tpexbasnof ay- oR cnapenssinu szexrpoaamit. Mpouece cBapkn OcymlecraaaeTcR caapounsinit Ayramn, KOTOpHE BosbyKAaloTcA Mex AY K@KABIM STeKTPOLOM H cBapHBae- MoH meTaasio m mexay Snekrponanis Annapat (pyc. 31) cocront 3 tpex- ‘asnoro tpanespopmaropa /, peryastopa CeapoxHOrO ToKa n MarHHTHOrO KOHTAK- opa 3. Tlepanusian oOworKa akaiowaer ch 8 CHAOByIO ceTs HaNpAAKeHHEM Tadanua 5 Torpes: | wropne- | pezena tor dost fmene 8 fava en) ‘ona. L Tc120 128 (0..160 90 TEs 2063 110.385 180 C50 326 185..880 350 TCK-300 3063110385215 TCK300 326 185..880 280 TH300 184 lw 79 “60.400 137 T5002 76 85.700 210220 B (coeautenne o6moToK 8 tpeyronb- ink) wa 380 B (coeanienne o6moroK 2 apesay). Bropuias o6worka uneet No Be KATYWKH Ha KaXKHOM cTepH- He w peimonkena Ha rool weswol Wit Peryanrop csapoutoro toxa cocrout 3 AByk Apoccenelt u npex owoTOK. Lge OGuorKH 5 H 6 pacnozonenel Ha oAKOM Mariuronposoze H noaKmoveHst K cna eHHLIM B eaHtHOm suekTpoaoAep Katee, Ho wsoaMposawusm apyr oT apyra snexrponam 7 4 8. Tperba o6worka 4 Pacniotoxela xa sTopom marimronpo- Boxe m moaKmo¥eHa x cBapHBaewol xeaan 9. Peryastop anoutupowan 8 ‘Guin Kopnye H cHamen AByMS' py- KontkaMi, ¢ moMolbio KoTOpHX (HaMe Henwem Bosaywnbix 3a30p0B 8 MariitTO- nposoaax) peryaupyerca ceapounih Tok. OaHoM pyKoRTKOR peryaupyior TOK onwospenerHo 8 o6eHx daaax, floakno- HeHHUX K saextponaM, a BTopofl py- KomTKOR— 8 dase, noxcoesMeNtion x uaneano, Marnurhith xourakrop 9 cayxci AMR BKAVONEHU Men chapenNMx anekrpoaos. B avaassnii woMestt pH Bos6ymneHAH yr caapouian en saMbiKaeTeR epea cRapusae- Mylo geTaab H OnAH Ha aneKTpOROS (iia pucyske snextpoa 8). Tox npoxo- Burt no o6woTKe 4 peryaRTopa u oGMOT- ke 2 xowraxtopa. Kowrakrop axowaer oGmotky 5 peryanropa. Bosiuxaer sro: pas ayra. Tipw orsoae anexrpoaos or ze. Tash TOK B OOworkax 4H 2 npeKpa laetes # Konrakrop 3 aukmowaeT wens OGMOTKH 5, raciT ayry Mexeay aneKrpo- ame. Tpexdesusii coapounuli_annapar SCT Konctpykuie npod. H.C. Craynona uweer wouiHocT» 45 xB-A, sropnunoe Hanpaxenne — 60 B, caapounuil 70K 450°A. 3asoaom am py Hof cBapxH sbinyuleHs tpexpasnbie cBa- Powe annapaty TTC-400 a 400 A, cocTonuile 43 aoyx chapenax Tpanc: opmatopos CTH » eakwon Kopnyce. Crema nutanun tpexdasio# caapoutiol AyrH npnserena wa pic. 32. Jaa asro- MarnueckoR csapxH' sas020M «3.neKT- AK» Beinyucenss Tpexdasxnce cBapounbie annaparti TTCAL-1000 Ha 1000 A, coc: TomUIHe Hs aByX chapeniux TpaHegop- Maropos TCJ1-1000-4. ne rad Puc, 32 Tpexdasume ceapouue annapaTt oGecriewnBaWor BHICOKyI0 NpoHSBOAKTEA- HocTb, — 9KOKOMMI_a.teKTPosHeprHn (k.n., aocturaer 0,9) # pasiomepiyio Sarpysky (a3 ceTH MPH BKICOKOM KO3¢): Quuwenre momsocta (cos p= 0,8), ox- Hako BBHLY cOKHOCTH cBApoUHOTO O60 PyaonaxuA M Tpyanocreh mpx ceapKe MOTOAOUHBIX K BePTHKAAbIX W1BOB TPH MeHsoTeR orpaxuueHHo, TIpw weoGxoaumocre oGecnewire Goasuio caapounisit TOK 4 npH oTeyTeT- BHM CBapOuHLX annapatos zocratouHOl MouHOcTH MOAHO NpHMeHaTh napan- JeAbHOe BKAIONeHHE TpaKchopmaropod, Cxema Takoro skm0veKI caaponEN anniaparos npescrasnena ua pac. 33 Alas napassensHon paGoTm Hy*HO NH MeHAT» TpavehopmatopHl ¢ OAHHAKOBLE MH BHEWHUMH XapaxTepHCTHKAMH H Ha- NpaxeKRANH epBHIKOR x BropHHOA ener. OaHoHmeriiie KOHWE epBHtHAIX OGMOTOK @ coeaRHAIOT Mexay COOH H OGuHe Kaew J BkAOUAIOT B CHOBYO cetb mepemenoro ToKa. OxHouMensine KOHUB! BTOPHYHOA OOMOTKH b TakaKe coe: auHeH MeKAY COBO: KIeMMD 2 NOX: 29Pre. 33 Kawouaiot K apocceamm Jip, a Kaemnent S—« aeraan. Apoccean | coeanusi0T Mexkay COOOH Taivke apaszeabHo. CBa- pours ToK peryaupyior spautennen py KORTOK Apoccesei TaK, 706m obec: iTS paneHcrRO Harpy30K Ka Tpaxtespop: atopst. Papexctao Harpy20x npoBep® lot amniepserpom, B wekotopux caysanx im nossime hus yeorofunooctH ropemia ayrn, mrrae Moll nepemennuis TOKOM, —MpHMeXsIOT cHOCO6 HaIOKEHNA Ha CBApOAHELA TOK wacrorom 50 Tu ToKoR BCoKOH wac- rors (150...500 xP) i Bicoxoro Han: pracerun (1500...6000 B). Taxite mepst peanpuaimaior npr cBapKe ToKOCTeH- Hux i2eMHR ayroR Mano% mouLNoCTH H Mipit c#apowHon ToKe 20.40 A, a Tatoke mpl cnapKe A 3aUNKTHAX rasax, cbapke cheiiaabHaix craze u HeKoTo: PBIX BETH MeTasz08. Zlaa noaywenns Toxo Biicokoit uac- TorM H BBICOKOTO HANPSIXCHHS NpHME- HmIOT OCyuAARTOPH napaatesLHoZd nocaedosareasHozo exarovenus. TIpHt: IuHTHa.tbHaR cXeMa OcUnAaRTOpa napa.t aeawHoro kzoveHna OCTI3-2M i ero BKAMOWeHHA 8 CHAPONHYIO Wee NoKasa a Ma pute. 34. Ocunaastop OCII3-2M BKaONAIOT HenocpeacTaeHNo w mHTaW I, ulylo cerh Hanpaxennen 220 B. Ox cocrour 13 nosuuaiomero (c 220 B 20 6000 B) tpakciopmaropa [IT 1 xo- aleGaveabuoro Konrypa. KoaeGareabnul kowryp, cocronmui 3 BucoKo¥acTOrHo: To tpakctpopmaropa BUT, koxnencaro- pa Cs W paspaaiika P, suipadarweaet Bucoxowacrorunil TOK. Kowtyp caaay £0 cBapoNHOH ueNbio HAAyKTHBHO Hepes tpanctbopwatop BUT, sbisoas! Bropia- Hol oGMoTKH KorOporo MpHcoeamKnIOT: OH —K KAeMMe «eM» BEiBOLHOR naxeaw, @ apyrol—Ko Bropolt xnenme uepes Kowaekcatop Ce M npenoxpann- Tea [p2-Kouaexcatop Cs npenaterayet NpOxoKeHHO ToKa BACOKOTO HaNpAKe- NHR W HIISKOH| waCTOTH B.CBAPOUHYO Wer W cAYHT 248 SaMMMTDL CBapUINKa 8 caywae npoGoa KoXaeKcaropa Cs, TMpe- AOXpamirens Mp2 suKso4aeT OcuHAAe Top a cay4ae npoGor Kowaencatopa Ce, JLas yerpaxexns panvoromex 8 muta lwem cern ocunaaatop chaGmen dpnawt- Pom 3 nays sauinTHIX apoccereh Api % Mpe w wetwipex Konnencatopos Ci, Ca Cow Cy. Onaurp saunuaer eins MHTaHHs OF TOKO BHCOKO! wac- rors. Jan oOuleh sais oF paaHo HloMex Ocumaaatop MMeeT sKpaHHpyIO- LH Metaaanueckinit KORY. Ocunsastops —nocaeoparenbnoro skmovenns( M-3, OC-I) npuwexsior 8 yeramonkax sun8 AyrooOh CBapKH B 3a- lunrtx rasax, Onn o6ecnexmBaiot 6o- nee Hanemiyio saubity rexeparopa (iAH Cnaoporo BuinpaMHTe_KOTO GaoKa) OT npoGos sBIcoKONacTOTHEM HanpsKe- new ocuna.stropa Tipit npniwenenin ocunaastopa ayra saropaeten sierko, nae Ges npHKocHo: SOHN aneKTpona K Hsaesmo (rIpH 3430- pe 1...2 mn), To oGpacunercn tipeaea: piTeAbNOi HOHNDauNeR —BOaay Horo NpoMexyTKa MexAY SaeKTpOLOM H CBA: piaemoR aera. & er son08 \ et ! e, Puc. 34 30Mucrutytow — sxextpoceapxn HM. EO, Tatona paspagoran munyancnitt Texeparop [H-1, xoropaii onaer Tox snicoKoro Kanpsbkexnn (200.00 B) Hm- nyabeaM 8 Te MOMeNTIS, KOTaa Hanpa- keine B chapoxof Wenn TepexoaNT Wepea Hynenoe aHauesne. TaxHe reHe- Patopy Gone waexuis » paGore Gonee sKoHoNHEL, eM ocuHaARTOPA, Tak Kak TpeOyioT MeHbule sHeprin § 7. Ceapounsie srinpammrean Coapownue Bunpaaiten noayanan Gonbuioe pacupoctpakenue. Ocnosnsie HX mpenmyulectBa caeayioulne: BLICOKi KALA. MW OTHOCHTERBNO HeGoaBUIMe TlO- Tepi XoMOcToro Koma; BHICOKMe AMHa~ Milueckie ceoiictaa pit Meubueil aeKT- poMarauTHo MMAYKUMH; —oTCyTCTOHE Bpamaouyxen YacTel H GeculyMHoCTD 8 paGoTe; pasHomepHocts HarpyaKH da: HeGombulan Macca; RoaMOxKoCTE 3aMe Hol MeaHDix mposoz0B amloMMHHeBLINE, Oauako caeayeT ume B BHAY, 4TO 8 BHINPAMHTETe NPOAOMANTEABHME KO- POTKHe sawaikaHua npeactasamoT Gods: ilylo onfachocte, TaK Kak MoryT BBIATH 3 ctpor anoaus. Kpome Toro, caapownine BHINDAMHTeAN UyBCTANTeASHEN K KoNeOa- BHAM HanpmKenHA B ceTH, Bee oe 10 OcHOBHIM TeXHHKO-SKOKOMMUECKHM TO Ka3aTeasM CBaPOUNiie BbINPAMHTEAH RB amworea Gone niporpeccuBHEiNH, eM, Hanpumep, csapouKue peodpasosare aM. Crapounsie piinpawntern coctont n3 AByX OcHOBHLX GaOKOB: NOKH>KaIOULeTO ‘pextpasoro tpaxchopmatopa ¢ ycr- PolicTeaMn 248 peryanposaHua Harps Pe, 36 XeHNA MAK ToKa_H pBINpAMHTerbHorO Gxoxa. Kpowe Toro, psmpsuteain HMeeT ilyekoperyampylouee u saulTHoe yer Polictsa, odecriewisaioume HopManbhyio ero sxchiayaraumo. Las ounpaasnennn ToKa enosssyeTeR cBolicTBo Hoaytipo- BOARHKoBOrO ‘BeHTHAR NpoROANT Tox ToAbKo 8 OAKOM HanpasneHiu. HanGonb- lee pHMevenne noayuntn ceneHone W xpenbnesiie newTH.tH. CeneHonste net: ‘THAN gewteDis H BbiRepACHBAIOT Neperpy3. x. Kpeainesize be¥THan o6aanai07 at CoxnMH sHepreTHHeCkMMH nokasaTenAN M BBICOKHM Ktl., HO OCH yACTEH Teabitit K lleperpyaKam 10 TORY W 103TO- my TpeOyioT sauuTHEEK yerpolteTe Hie TevchBHoro oxaaxneHNA. Bumpanstenne Toxa ocyuecteanerea so tpexpasnoit woeTonol exewe Jlapro ona. Moct cocront Ha uect ney, » KaXKAOM HS KOTOPHIX yCTAHOBAEHIE HEH. Tam, oGecreumbaroulte sianpawacnne Gow noaynepnoaos iepewentoro ToKa 8 Tpex dasax (pre. 35) Tiputersores pasmisnne tan cea: Pownsix ssinpanenreneii(ra6a.6) Coapousive siinpamirean ¢ akecTKoi Heute xapakrepucriKoa Tana BCH BAI npeataswasenw aaa coapxn 9 98- MUTHOM ra3e naaBAMYAMCR 91ekTPOROM, aptomatauecko w noayastomatnueckol BaPKH Nox ¢hatocom, HopoulKoBOl pO- Mapxa su: panes 8 pene | Pe) Hoxpesane: 31BosoKof # ap. Ox npoctil B yerpoficr- new ‘Kazexiat 8 pa6ore. Huen OOwyio NPHHUAMHAREAYIO cxeMy, BHINA: ‘Mute 9TOTO Tana OTAMMAIOTCH B OCHOB- WOM MOULHOCTBIO. H NHCMOM cTyneHeR peryamposanna. Bunpawuteas coctont Ha MOHWDKavoULero TpexthasHoro TpAHe- opuaropa, suinpaMHTerbHOTO 620Ka, BOYX YHHAEpCAMBHMX nepeKmoxaTeneh aw mepekmoxesus BuTkos mepsHsHoR OGmorKHl TpaNecpopmatopa(aas rpy6oA W TOUKOM peryauposkH), apoccena (23% OGecnevenHs HapactaHA TOKa KopOT: Koro saMukaHust H cra@akuOaHAs Myab- cau) seHTHaRTopa. Cpapowniie stinpaMurenk ¢ matan- wef sHewnelt xapakrepHcrHKoA sunye- karen tina BCC, BKC 4 BU. Caa- pouusie osinpamwrenu Tana BCC cocto- kT H3 NlOMWXKaIOUIeTO TpexdasxOrO TPaH chopmaropa c nonpinxttanH OGMoTKaMH, BuINpaMHTesbHOrO cereHOBOTO Gr0Ka C DewThamropoM, nyexoperyznpyouteh sauluTHoR annaparypoa. TlonioKaiounh ‘tpateopmarop suiraneH ¢ moBbluier- HIM MarHUTHEIM paccesHMe, KoTOpOe peryaupyercn uaMeKennem paccroniua Nexay MepaHsHoh W BTOpHYHOR OOMoT- kamu, loa ananasova peryamposanna caapoisioro ToKa nonysawor, coeaHNRR TepBHuHyIo H BTOPHUKYNO OGMOTKH 3Be3: ROH (Masbie TKI) TpeyroaBHnKoM (Gonsume Tok). B mpeaenax KarKz0- To alanasoa TOK niabHo peryaupywr, woMeHsIa paccronHe MEKAY KaTYUIKAMtH epoHaHOH (HiDKHeH NORBIIKKOR) # BTO- PHAHOA (BepxHeH HeTOABHAKOR) obo: TOK ¢ NoMOULBO PyKonTKH. TIpH Bpa~ meni pykosTkH mo wacoBol crpenke KaTyWku o6MoTOK cOaHaNTCR, HHAYK- ‘THBHOCTS paccemHius yMeHbulaeTCR, CBA Poubit ToK yaenuuNBaercs. OOMoTKH Tpakicopwaropa skinoaKeNB 13 amio- aiatix. Buinpawirenbibih Orox coOpat 3 cenenosux naactan 100X400 ma, OxaaxkaaeTen BeHTH.ARTOPOM Ceapoanite suinpamurenu tuna BKC HMeOT ceAyIOUIE OcHOBHBIE OTANUUS or tuna BCC: sunpamutersuui 620K coctasaeH 43 KpeMMMeBKIX BeNTHAel BK.200; caapounbii ToK peryaupytor, nepememian KatyWkH O6MOTOK c NO- MoUlbIO aCHHXpoHoro aBHraTenK ¢ AMC ‘TaHUKOHHAIM ynpapsenHeM. UJupoxoe npumenenue noaysnan 32 cpapownne sinpaMurend BI-101 4 BiL- 301 ¢ Kpemmnessimn sextHanMn # BIl- 102 4 B/1-302 c ceneHoBuiMH BeHTHAA- Mu, On Hecaomknt no yerponcray, 06: AaLaWT LOCTATONHO BBICOKHM KO>pHUH- eHTOM NONeaHOrO LeHCTBHS H HMEIOT He- Goapuyio maccy. Ceapownie sunprwnenn rnna BCY uw BUY soamores ysmpepcarbuann HeTOHHuKaMH mHTaHHs AyrH. OM nped- Hasiavents 18 MATAHKA AYTH TIpH aBTO- Mataueckol Mm —MloayasTomaTH¥eckon eBapke non ¢baWocom, 6 3aULHTHBX ra~ aX, NOpOWKO8OH MpOBorOKOf, a TAKE pH pyswoA coapke. Bumpamntenn BCY, KpoMe O6wtuHHIX—GaoKa TpextpasHoro noxmKawulero Tpacsopmatopa # BEI npsmureaHoro OA0Ka, HMeWT Apoccer> HacneHia ¢ YeTHpENst OOMoTKaMH. Te- PeKmoNeHHeM STHX OGMOTOK MOXKHO NO- aysat okeCTKYI, nosoronazaMomLyo xpyTonamawmyi’ seme xapakrepH- crix. Bunpaoanrenu BJLY ockosanti Ha Hcmonb30BaHiH 8 BHINPANAMOUHX CHAO- DEX OGMOTKAX yNpaBAHeMBX BENTH sie—tupucropos. Cxema ynpasreHHa “rupwcropawy novBoaser noaysars HeoO- XOAHMBIA ATH CBAPKH BHA BHeILHE Xa- PAKTepHETHKK, OBecneHuBaeT WHPOKHIT alamagon peryamposanua ceapoxnoro Towa H cTa6uausauKWO pexiMa coap- KH np KoaeOaHusX HANpHREHHR T= Tawoutelt ceri. Lin calrexmavecknx MoHTaxKHBIX caapouubix padot Mucrutyt sexrpo- ceapku us. E. O. Tatowa paspa6oraa epeviociti ceapownEiA BsinpRbtHTeRb BICOM, npestasuaveninuh am mura: Wis) nojyaBroMaTos M aBTOMaTOS MPH coapke OTKpHTOR ayroR mB sauluTHoM rage craikos TpyO aHaMetpoM 20...100 iw. Bueuinan xapaxtepycrika — 010 ronanaioulan; weno cTyneHeR peryan- ponannst — 9; macca — 50 xr. §.8. Monram 4 o6cayxusanne ‘cBapounoro o6opynosannn Coapounit noct ayrosof caapxn — wecTo mpoussoxcr8a cBapouHNix pax Gor — ooHamaeren 8 sasHcuMocrH oT bua coapoxnsix pa6or, Bu6paHHoA Tex- MosOrHH CBApKH M pRAa apyrHx &ax- ‘ropos. Ha sasonax, Kak npasito, cBapox- ue moet pactonaravres 8 cnenua.ts-Mux KaOHHAX moularbio He MeHee 22,5 a? Kaxkaan. KaGuny orropait Balor meperopoaKami, a XOX saKpHt BaloT savazeckaMM, MpoMHTAHHAIMH OF- HecroAKum coctasom. B Ka6uxe ycra- Hapausaior MeTasanueck#it cToa © Mac cHBHOM wyryHHOf KAM cTaMBHOR KPEILI- Koi maomanbo 8 1M? H BHHToROR cry ¢ oTkHaHom cmunkoh. Ka6nna AOADKHa UMeTS MECTHYIO BLITHKHYIO Bed THARUMO H 3aseMamOUKH npoBoA. TIpH orcyrcruu o6welt sazeManiomel Witt MpHMeHHOT HHAHBHAYANBHOe aazeMe- ue. TIpx caapke rpomosakux aeTasel H KpynioraGapuTisix coapbix KOKCTpYK- MA cBapounye noc pasnepTHBaioT OTKpHITO B Wexe, Ha cTpoHTe”bHO-MOH- Taxwol miouiaiKe, wa Marnetpanbiol pace. Ipu-stom pa6ouee Mecto no 803- MOXKHOCTH OrpaxkAalOT SauLMTHBIMH UL ‘any wm wipwanu. Ocntonnoe o6opyzosanue caapounoro RocTa cOcTOuT H3 HCTOWHHKAa nHTaHHA Ayr, cBapo4Htax mpoBozoE, npHHaaie:k- Mocteil w HCTPyMeHToB cBapluiKa, Wctoanukw utanus ayra pasmema- Jor Henocpencraennio Ha paGouem Mec- Te MAH rpynMupyior 8 MaWUMHHOM oTne- alex cBapousoro uexa. B nocaeavem cayuae 8 exe Ha onpegeneHHom pac- Toa apyr oT apyra pactosarait RocTORMMWe ULATKH —C KAEMMAMH Aa ToAKMOveHHA cBAPONHEIX MpoRoZoB, K ULNTKAM TOK NoaBOAMTeR OF HeTOUHHKA lutaiun noctosMMok npoBoakoi. Tp HAAWaHH HecKoabKux cBAPONHEX ocTOR PeKoMexayercn uctosEsosaTs MHOro- Moctose ceapowxie arperatis, Ceapounmie xHoronocroaue npeo6- pagosateau [ICM-1000 ycranasausaiot Ha dyniaamente. Jonyckaetca yctanop- ka Ha apemenion yHaamenre 0 oH. Je xKeCTKO cBRSAHHOR AepeBRHKOR pamel ua Opycbes (wim Gpesen), K KoTOpoh Goatamu pensar xopnyc ' cBapouxoro mpeodpazosarens, TIpu waauunn Ha crpouterbio-moH- TaxHol MoMaaKe sneKTpocH.OBO! ceTH NPHMeHALOT nepenBWKHWE cBapoUHAe Npeo6pasosateau, annapatst nepemer: Horo ToKa Ham cBapountie BEINPAMUTE M8 3apucHMocTH OT Aa pa6or. Hanpumep, exotopwie copra sern- PoBanibix crateli ayuule cBapuBare oc ToRHHLM ToKoM. OrsercraeHHne cBa- PowHHe padoTH!, BnorHseMBIe OCObH- MW sAeKTpOAAMH, TaKKE TPebyloT noc: TomHHoro ToKa, B sTHx cayyanx mpH- MeumioT cBapounble mpeo6pasoparenu. Oanaxo on Tpe6yiot Go.tee tpyaceMKo- To yxona # o6cay:KMBAHHA, HEM anna path nepemennoro Toxa, Ceapounue Tpanchopwatops noayyaan Gosee wt Pokoe MpuMeeHne Gaaroaapa npocroTe KOHeTpYKuMl, MeHDUIeMy Pacxoay a1eK- ‘TposueprHn, “BEICOKOMY KA. WH Apy- THM SKONOMMUeCKHM NOKagaTeTAM. Tipnsenesnie 8 ta6a. 7 cpaauurer- Hble AaMHBle nOsBoARIOT OUeHHTS npe- uMyulect8o coapousisx armapatos nepe- MeHHoro Toka, Tpu orcyrcrsun sexrpocusosol ce- TH (pH MoHTaKe MauT BicoKoBoaBr- Tloxkasaren me ortguone ek crete | Stepan wetaan: "Br oT ee 7 46 5.8 35.4 Salt, Sern 9 tite Ba Gromer ctepynoan’ 3 to ‘aes’ SS ee seen” 6 7 3 Miers onocroro soa iB os =e Cea ob:bs om.08 o8°bas Se cba souscers tof ARs UG Cheam tosgonucrs actonoconn‘ofopyacoewm Gace | MB" Sah Stones cover” scyoneon wg isHix aun, MpoxaaaKe Tpy6onpoBoaos inp.) npaNensior caapouMule arperars © aBuraresem syrpenHero cropasus rH ma CAK, ACB, ACM, TIAC, PCALY. B npouecce skenayarauun WeroaHi kw coapoatoro Toka Tpe6yior cucrema- THYECKOFO yxOIa H OBcaYAHBAHIA. ITO rapanrupyer Mx AaHTemHyIO W HaneX- yi paGory. leper akaovennen HcToa- KnKa TOKA KEOOXOANMO BANOAHKTD Ca1e- AyIoULHe PaGoTsl: oNMeTHTS ero OT MLA HW TpsaH, OcMOTPeTE M NPH HAAN MEA KHX_xeextos yerpaHHTD Hx B ‘ceapoaurx npeo6pasosareasix NOCTORHKOTO TOKA ocoGoro yxona TPe- Gyer Konaexrop, werownsi wexannox noaunnannn. Koaaektop 0aKeH GuiTs sucTHIM, Ges cxeaos Harapa. Ca10- ASHBIe MPOKAAAKH HE JOTAHH BbICTY- Rath Mexay MacTHHKaMH, ExeHenesi Ho (npH HeoSxommmoctH Yate) mepex AYCKOM B XOa HEOOXoaHMO npoTHpaTs KonekTOp tloxoTHsHOR TpANKOH, cMo- NeHHof 8 Gextsnne. Tp oOwapy Keni Harapa npexkne acero caeayer BHCHHTS W YcTpaHHTs npy NoRBAeHH® Hara Pa, a 3aTeM npouaniosar» KosteKrop Ha xoay NH MoaNsTHX WleTKaX paBHo- MepHo mo Bcei pa6ouel nosepxHoctH Zan wanposanna npimenaor meaKo- Sepnctyio mpeccosamiyi nemay an Neakyio cTeKIAHHYIO OyMary, HaTAHY- Tylo Ha aepensunyio KorOAKY, xopoulo oGaerawilyio paGouyin nosepxHocta Koziextopa. Brictynaomne caoamnne NpokaaaK neo6xoaHMo —ocTopOxHO BuOpaT» chennauibHoh MHAKOA Ha ray- Gunny 1 wat H 3aTeM SauncTHT® noBepx. HocTs KoaaeKropa ot saycenues # mpo- wanhosats. Tocae uanbosanns cae AyeT akKypaTHo Mporepetb KONAcKTOp, we aonycKax NlonamaHia milan 8 wa: unay. Uleroansiit Mexannam rpe6yer pery Anpuioli nposepku. LlerKH AomKHE fhn0T- Ko npiiaerats x ¥HcToR mosepxHocTH xaaaekropa. Haourennsie nan nospen AeHHHE UleTKH noAIeKaT sameKe, Ho: By! WleTKy HeOXomMMO npuTepeT K koaaextopy. Jas sToro werky yeranas SIMBAIOT Ha MECTO; MeXKAY HEI H KOAAIEK- Topom BBOAAT MoOcKY CTeKARHHOR Oy. ard (cTeka0m k uleTKe) 8 HanpaBteHH Bpauienna xonsexropa, PaGosyio no BepxHocTD UeTKH MpHTHpAIOT K KOAAK- 34 Topy 40 MoaMoro MpuacranuA NpH Kop MasIbHOM HAXKATHK MpyAHHM WeTKO- aepxateas. 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[pandas oxeK- Aa H OTcyTCTBHe OTKPHITHIX acTelt Tea HeKMOWAIWT BOsMOXHOCT. monagaKKs Opuisr Meraana Ha Teno MB ckaaaKH cnenorexast. Kpome cneuosexas cpeacroam uiaMBHayannHoh 3auHTD cbapulika orocsTeR: nosic MpexoxpaHi- Teabitit c amMKaMH (npx paGoTe Ha Bicore), pesHHonile auaneKTpHNecKHe ulieM, nepuarks, canorH (114 raxoulH), kospuxu. TIpx cBapke ekyTpH pesepaya. PoB, Gakos, uNcTepH HeoOxoaHMO OAL B0BATHCA PesuHOBHIMH CanOraMH H peai- WoBuM uitewoM. Tpu cBapke Meranax- eCKHX KOHCTPYKUMII, EC.1H CBApLLHK pa Goraer nema, cHaa KaK cron Ha se MeHTax CBapuBaemof KOHCTPYKIH, KPO- Me pesuHosuix canor (HAH rao) usTeMa HeOGxoaMMI pesHHOBKe KOBPH- ku, @ TaKAKe HAKOACHHNKH H MOAAOKOT- HMKH, NOAWATEIE BOFLIOKOM. TUIABA 4 METAJWIYPFH4ECKHE MPOWECCHI MPH CBAPKE $9. Moustwe o capunaemocta Mpouece coapku npexcrasaser co- Goi coueraswe Heckombiux oaNospemen- Mo npotexaiounx npoueccos, xoropuie onpereasor Kawectso —nonyyaeMoro coapyoro cocauHeHus. K stm npouee- aM oTHocsTes: Harpea MeTasiia OKOZO: osHix yuactkoB, MaBaeHHe, KDACTAM: aWsauHst OcHOBHOro MeTa.198 HAM BIBI Mam KpwcTaaausauin ockoBKOro H npH- cagousoro (nan sieKTpoaworo) Mevaa- 108. TIporeKauue sux npoueccos onpe- ‘aeasevea B ocHosHom cBojicreaMn cBa- Pusaemsix werassos. Oanaxo TaKwe ‘haxropsi, Kak caMWIKOM BuIcoKaR TeM- Neparypa, ove Goasuue ckopocTit oxnarkaetus, HeoGocHonanntsli Bb60p npweanouvoro MeTaaaa 4 pexuna cBap Ki, MOryT SHaMTessHO CHHHTS KaNeCT: 0’ cpapHoro coeansesns. TIpx pasno- Poawsix Meranaax npouece s2aKnHor KpHcTaaawgauKn woxer He NpoHORTH, ‘Beaeaerewe vero eaapka TaKHX MeTa:IAO8 Me MoweT GuiTs ocyulecraneH, Coapunaewocruo nastingerca _caoicra0 suaw covetane enofcta. MeTaason 6p Somwaars pW yerawonsewiod Texwato- Fan “cnapKe coeaumenue, —oTsesaoutee SpeGonanwas, o6jeaoaaenian ROHeNpYR: welt w akcndyaraune wa3eas. s Bonpitioe aausitue Ha coapusaemocte MeTaaa0B H ciaaBos OKaSuIBAeT HX XH muyeckui cocras. 30 ocoBeHHo Haran HO BHAHO Ha npuMepe xeaesoyraeponne- Tux cnaasos. Ceapusaemocts yraepo: ANCTOR cra WaMeHseTeR 8 3aDKCH- MocTH OT ConepAKAHHA OCHOBHEX mpH- Meceii. Yeaepod seanercn wan6onee BarKHAIM STeMeHTOM 9 cocTaBe cTaaM, onpeaeamouum nova Bce ocHosHMe ceoiicrsa ctaaK 8 npouecce o6pa6orK, 8 TOM sifeae H cBAPHBAeMOCTS. HiDKoyr: aepoauersie craan (C-<0,25%) caapu- BaioTeA xOpoullo. CpeaHeyraepoaHcTale crane (C-<0,35%) rakme ceapusawr- cw xopowo. Craau ¢ conepaanen C>0,35% coapusawres xyxe. C yne- aiivennem conepyKanus yraepoaa a cra- am csapuBaemocts yxyauiaeres. B oKo- HOWOBHHX soHax noRBARIOTCH 3aKanON- ete CrpyKTYPHL H TpeuuMHE, @ wos no- aysaercn nopuctuim. [ostomy ais ToaydeHHA KaecTBeHHoro cBapHOro co- eaHMeHMA BO3HMKaeT HeOOXOAHMOCTS OPHMeHSTS PasmumHMe —TexHoOrMNe- ‘ckHe mpxesesl. Mapeaney we aarpyauner eBapky cTan mpH comepxaliH ero 0,3...0,89%. Onkako npx nopsiwexHiox conepykanum Mapranua —(1,8...2,5%) npostocts, TeepaocTs wm saKanHpac- MocTs CTaM Bo3pacraior, H 3TO ciocoberayer o6pasowanio tpeumy. Tpx cBapke sbicoKomapraituosHersx crate (11... 16% Mn) npowcxoanr siiropaine Mapratiua, TOSTOMY ero BocnosH=IOT, wcttombaya SeKTpOAHEe —MOKDEITHEA Qawocw c¢ nopsueHHM conepKannen Mapraiua. Kpeawud conepaurca B O6uNHOA yraepoancToR craaH 8 pene: ax 0,02...0,3% a cyutecrBexHoro BANRKNR Ha CBapHBAeMOCTh He OKASKI- seer. Tip nossiuienom conepkaiiin (0,8... 1.5%) Kpenuult —sarpyanser cbapKy, TAK Kak Mpwaaer crasH AHAKO- Texyyecr H OGpasyer TyronasKHe OK cua H usaaKt. Copa apanercn caMoil BpeawoR npunecbio cra. Conepreanite cep 6 cTasH nonyeKaeten He Goace 0.05%. Cepa o6pasyet 8 wevaaae cyandia weaesa, Koropsil umeer Gonee NNaKyIo TeMmepaTypy nagBxeHa, eM crams, H na0xo pacreopserea 8 pac haasaento craan. Tip xpycraaauaa- HH dacTHUb cyabhxAa rKesesa pact Aaraiorom wexay KpucTaaaa mi Neraana ga M chocoBerayior o6pazosaHio ro- Patunx rpeun. Doccop weaseren raKKe Bpeaof npunecbio. Dochop yxyauaer eBapHBaenocth craint, Tak Kak O6pasy- er xpynkwit docdua rKeneaa, puna. uu craaM xaanHoaomKocTe. CoxepxKa~ nue ochopa 8 crak we npesmuaer 0,05: Ceapneaemocrn ctaan npxusiro oue- Hupat» mo cAeayiouNM nOKasaTean: ckaoHHocTs MeTanaa Ba Kk O6pa2o- BaNiio TopauHX H xOaoAKX TpeLlMH; CKAOHHOCTE. K —HSMEHEHHNO CTPYKTYpL 8 oKoaoUIOBHOM soHe MK o6pa SosaHitto saKasouHux crpyKTyp; pu SHKO-MeXaHHYeCKHe cBojicTBa cBapHoro CoeaHHeHis; cooTBercraue creunaab- ux cpoficte (xkaponpowtocrs, H3H0- coctolixocTs ap.) cBapHioro coe. ANHeHHAL TEXHHMEEKHM yenOBHAN. Ceapheaewocts onpeaeamor nay sn chop neToaa wi, paspadoranol wo MBTY wx. 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Cran cunraiores cBapusaioula nea xopouio, ecaH TpeuLi- Hh orcyTeTayior; yaoBAeraopHTeaBHO, cam TPeULHH OOpasytoren npH OxAarK- AeWHH BOAOA, Ho OTCyTeTByIOT pH Ox- AarkxeHuH BosayxOM; OrpaHHueHHo, ec- an craab 2am npeaynpexneHHs o6pas0- Baitua TpeuwH TpeOyer mpeasapyrerb- Horo noaorpesa a0 100... 150°C H ox saxkaenHA Ha Bosayxe. Tliox0 cBapH- arouinecn cTaaH Tpe6yioT_ npeavapt- Tebxoro noaorpesa x0 300° CH aBille, Yraepoanetne cra no ceapweae- MocTH MOKHO YenoBHo noapasaesuTs Na caeayioulHe Fpynnbt: xopouo cBapH- savouiees cram: C10, Crl, Cr2, Cx3, Cr4 (OCT 380—71), 08, 10, 15, 20, 25 (OCT 1050—74); yaosaersopireabHio coapHsaommecn cram: Cr5. (FOCT 380—71), 30, 35 (TOCT 1050-74); orpanuveltto csapHsaiounecs craau x6, Cr? (POCT 380—71), 40, 45, 50 (OCT 1050—74); naoxo’ caapieaio- uusecs cram: 601, 651, 701, 65, 70, 75, 80, 8 (TOCT 1050—74), B caapxisx crpoureaminx Konter- PYKUKAX HenoabayITeR raaBHblM oGpa- 30m cTaam nepsoft rpynnis, Craau C10, Crl, C12, C13, Crt mpumenmor mpi H3roTOBAEHHH PAdAHUKEX crpoxTemDHEX KowerpyKuil, apaatyps »xeneao6erou- Wx ieaeauil, ropavekaraHux 4 cBap- Mix TpyO ¢ npsMbM HM cnapanbHBl BoM, HS craaK C13 waroToBAsIOT Gynkepa, pesepayaps,, rasroabaepsy, KoucTpyxuMH ZOMeHHOrO KoMNAeKca, GankH pasamuisix mepexpuruit; craan 39.