Designation: D4060- 10 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser* ‘ain en tn raf A wn es ot Yt a Tiss shen py forse agers he Dern of fee 1. Seope* 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis- tance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by the Taber Abraser on costings applied to a plane, rigid surface, such a a metal panel 1.2 The values sated in SL units are to be regarded as the standard, with the exception of mils when determining coating thickness The values given in parentheses are for information only 1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 7784-2. 14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safery concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilty of the user ofthis standard to estabish appro priate safery and health practices and determine the applica bility of regulatory limitations prior 10 use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Vamish, and Related Products on Test Panels 96S Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive 1005 ‘Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick ness of Organie Coatings Using Micrometers 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property —Durometer Hardness 1D3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning and ‘esting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials 1091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic. Nonconductive Coat- Ths wes etl unre jig o ASTM Commitee Oo Pit and ela Cougs, Mita a peasant et eons Sti a ro pis a Sando 0. ont ASTM Cas San tim. ato ST ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals 22. Other Standart ISO 7784-2 Paints and vamishes—Determination of resis ance to abrasion —Part 2: Rotating abrasive rubber Wheel method? 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific 19 Ths Standart: 3.1.1 Abrasion resistance eun be expressed as ot oF more of the following term: 3.1.2 wear index, n—1000 tn nilligrams per cycle. 3.1.3 weight loss, n—the Joss in weight in milligrams, etermined ata specified number of eyes ‘1d wear eyeles per mil, nthe number of cycles of abrasion required to wear film through tothe substrate per mil fof fil thickness, ss the loss in weight in 4, Summary of Test Method 4.1 The onzanic costing is applied at uniform thickness (0 8 plane rigid panel and, after curing, the surface is abraded by rotating the panel under weighted abrasive wheels. 4.2. Abrasion resistance is caleulated as loss in weight at a specified number of abrasion cycles, as Toss in. weight per cycle or as numberof eyces required to remove a unit amount fof coating thickes, 5, Significance and Use 5.1 Costing on substrates can be damaged by abrasion during manufacturing and service, This test method has been ‘welul in evaluating the abrasion resistance of attached coat ings. Ratings produced by this test method have coreated well with ratings produced by the falling abrasive values in Test Methods DIG, ‘52 For some materials, abrasion tests utilizing the Taber Abraser may be subject (0 variation due to changes in the tbvasive characteristics of the wheel during esting, Depending fn abradant type and test specimen, the whee! surface may change (that is, become clogged due to the pick-up of coating *A Summary af Changes ection appears a the end ofthis andar,0105010 cor other materials from test specimens and must be refaced at more Frequent intervals as agreed upon by the interested partes, To determine if more frequent refacing is required, plot the total weightloss every 50 cycles. If a significant negative change in slope is observed prior t0 SOD eyeles, the point at which the slope changes determines the facing frequency. 6. Apparatus 641 Taber Abraser consisting of the following elements: 611A horizontal turntable platform: comprised of a rubber pad, clamp plate, and nut to socue the specimen to the tumtable, 61.2 Armotor capable of rotating the wentabe platform at a speed of ether 72 * 2 min for 110v60H7 or 60 * 2 imi for Bovs0He, 6.13 A pair of pivoted arms, to which the abeasive wheels, and auxiliary masses may be atached: loads of 250, 500, oF 1000 on each whee! may he obtained by use of these changeable masses. Counterveight atachments of 125 or 175 ‘gare available to reduce the load against the specimen. and can ‘he used with o¢ without the auxiliary masses, Nowe 1—Witout auxiliary mases or counterweight, ach arm. will ‘ply toad aetna the specimen of 230 por wheel exchsive of the imi of the whl ul. 6.1.4 A vacuum suction system and vacuum pick-up nozzle to remove debris and abrasive particles from the specimen surface daring testing. The height of the vacuum pickup nozzle shall be adjustable, and the nozzle openings shall be 8 mum (ie in.) in ameter. The vacuum system shall operate When testing 6.15 Acounter to recoud the number of eyeles revolutions) made by the wmtable platform, 162 Abrasive Wheels—Resilient Calibrase wheels No. 3-10 of CS-17, as required, shall be used unless otherwise agreed upon by the interested partes. Because of the slow hardening ofthe bonding material resilient wheels should not ‘be used after the date marked on them, or one year after their purchase ifthe wheels ate not dated 662.1. The wheels shall be 12.7 = 0.3 mm thick and have an ‘external diameter of 51.9 + 0.5 mm witen new, and in no ease Jess than 44.4 mn, Nove 2—The hanes ofthe whsss canbe chicks by Tes! Mth D220, Messe test fou pits equally spaced on he sie sufze af the wheel The eating sll be taken safer full plication of the Rest nn vege el tes fe Hp 63 Resurfacing Medium, an $-11 abrasive disk, used for resurfacing the abrasion wheels 7. Test Specimens 7.1 Apply a uniform coating ofthe material to be tested to 4 rigid panel having both surfaces substantially plane and parallel, Specimens shall be a disk ora square plate with a 6.5 smm (M4 in) hole centrally located on each panel. Typical dimensions fora test panel are 100 min in diameter or 100 by 100 mm. Thickness of the specimen should be no greater than 63 mm (% in.) unless an $-21 extension nut! or arm height extension kit! is utilized. Prepare a minimum of two coated panels for the materia None 4—the coatings sou be app ia accordance with Prasices DIDS, rar aged upon betncen the trod pation, Nore $~The thickness of the dry cotres should he meas in secordance nth Test Metiod DIOS cr Fraice D7 Nore For howe mars eter than 63mm (in) bat ess than 12.7 mim (a in) hick, the $-2 etersion nat ay be wed oa the specimen fometurttio. Ths agus 95 a i) cates ol the ‘jesimen. Aerie ana eight extension kt wll pert texting ‘pecimens upto 40mm (1m) tick a aie the centrale be TES mm e), 8, Calibration 8.1 Verify calibration ofthe Taber Abraser as directed hy the equipment manufacturer (see Appendix X1) 9, Standardization 9.1 To ensure that the sbniding function of the wheels is maintained at a constant level, prepare the abrading wheels prior to each test 19.1.1 Mount te selected abrasive wheels on their respective ‘ange holder, taking eare not to handle them by their abrasive surfaces. 9.1.2 A load of 1000 g (per wheel) should be used, unless otherwise agreed upon by the interested paris, 9.1.3 Mount the resurfacing medium (S-11 abrasive disk) on the turntable, Lower the abrading heads carefully until the wheels rest squarely on the abrasive disk. Place the vacuum Pick-up nozzle in postion and adjust it toa distance of 6.5 mm (sin, ors agreed upon between buyer and seller, above the abrasive disk ‘14 Set the counter to “zero” and set the vacuum suction force to 100. The vacuum suction force may be decreased if ‘greed upon by the interested partis 9.1.8 Resurface the wheels by running them $0 eycles sgainst the resurfacing medium. Warning—Do not brush oF touch the surface ofthe wheels after they are refaced. Nore 1—The whee shal be resurfaced in this manner before esting ach specimen and ater evety 300 eyes, 10, Conditioning 10.1 Cure the costed panel under conditions of humidity and temperature as agreed upon between the interested partis, For additional information, reference Specification D3924, 10.2 Unless esherwise agreed upon between the interested parties, condition the coated panel for atleast 24h at 23 = 29C (734% 36°F) and 50 = 5 % relative humidity. Conduct the test in the same environment or immediately on removill therefrom, Procedure ILI Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1. mg and record this weight, iether the wear index or the weightloss is tobe reported0105010 TABLE 1 Precision of Taber Abrasion Values” egemmiy———RASASEEY—— apenty Repay cea mee a seed i cin eames Contra A wae ay a ar ‘Bo ramsey Cary 8 tat 80 tr os ae Pabrobane oan ‘ee 30 e 3 ve Pajnesony Powe Costs as 3 & 8 wi aon Pond Cain cad is 32 a a0 "Wiese iam 11.2 When wear eycles per mil is required, measure the coating thickness of the test specimen on four points along the pth to be abraded and take the average of dhe readings. 11,3 Mount the test specimen on the abreser turntable platfonn with the sie co be abraded facing vp, Secure using the clamp plate and nut. Place the abrading heads on the test specimen find the vacuum piek-up nozzle in position as ‘outlined in 9.1.3, AMX the auxiliary masses as outlined in 9.12. Set the counter and vacuum suction as outlined in 9.1.4 ort 8—To pte wif wea per, pce res mt tere ad porte Wa sane sph wane, emo ED Rinmed Specimen le with Ring Clamp smi ay esd Ths toler imps sae agai ed pao te pnmer of tenopke No fusing a dual table abraser and the second table isnot in use, cous sane tote ulead atthe saci neigh ae a mS 11.4 Subject the test spscimen to abrasion forthe specified sumer of cycles or until wear trough of the coating ts ‘sored, In determining the point of wear through, sop the instrument at tervals for examination ofthe text specimen 11.5 Remove any loose abradings remaining om the test specimen by light brshing. Rewelgh the tet specimen, 11.6 Repeat I1.1-115 on at last one addon est speci tnen ofthe material under test 12, Caleutation 12.1 Wear indes—Compute the wear index, fof & test specimen as follows (4B) 1000 1 Aono ” whe A= weight of test specimen before abrasion, mg, B c [Nove 10a calling wear inde it ny beavis to daca he 12.2 Weight Loss—Compute weight loss, L, of the test specimen as flows weight of test specimen after abrasion, mg, ad number of eycles of abrasion reconded L -o 2 where 4 8 ‘weight of test specimen before abnasion, mg, and ‘weight of tet specimen ater abrasion, mg 123 Wear Cycles Per Mil—Compute the wear cycles per nil, W, ofthe test specimen as follows: wor ° ‘umber of cycles of abrasion required to wear coating through to substrate and thickness of coating, mils (0.001 in.) (to one decimal place). Nowe 11a cakubting the wear cys, itis adisbleto discard the tint and lat readings ecane the int maybe afeced by a uneven Report 13.1 Report the following information for each test mat rial: 13.1 Temperature and humidity during conditioning and at the time of testing, 1.12 Thickness of coating when wear eycles are specified, IB.L3 Type of abrasive wheols used and frequency of refacing if different then Note 7, 13,16 Load applied to the abrasive wheels (per arm), 1B.L.5 Vacuum nozzle height, 1.16 Vacuum suction setting, IB.L.7 Number of wear eyelesreconded for each test speci 13.1.8 Wear index, weight los, or wear cycles per mil for each test specimen, and 13.1.9 Mean and range of the abeasion resistance values of the replicate coated panels 14, Precision and Bias ® 4.1 The precision of this test method is based on an imerlaborstory study of Test Method D4060 - OL, conducted in 2006. Seven laboratories tested five materials, Each “test ‘esu” represented an individual determination. Every labors tory obtained five replicate samples for each material * [41.1 Repeatabiliy—Two test results obtained within one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the "value for that material given in Table 1; "ri the interval representing the critical difference between two test0105010 results for the same material, obtained by the same eperator, using the same equipment, in the same laboratory, on the same 6, 18.1.2 Repraducbiliy—Two tet results shall be judged not ‘equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valve for that material given in Table I; “R” iste interval representing the difference between two test results for the sime material, ‘obtained by different operators, using diferent equipment, in ‘ferent laboratories. 14.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two state rents has approximately a 95 % probability of being comect 4.14 The precision stalement was detennined through statistical analysis of 173 results, from seven lnborateres, on five material None 12—Versions of this tx sta issaed tere 2001 speci a seu nov eight of | mm above he spesimen sas. This was nt eins the egaipont manufactur coal case Vartan i the ‘sevum pick-upelceny across the ras ofthe abrasion wack. The data Smmarized in Tale tied war nozzle ee of 63 mmm) 142 Blas—AC the time of the study there was no accepted reference material suitable for determining bias For this test method, therefore no staement on bias is being made 15, Keywords 15.1 abrasion resistance; wear index; Taber Abraser tester APPENDIX, (Sonmandatory Information) XI. CALIBRATION VERIFICATION Xi.1_ To facilitate the verification of calibration of the Taker _Abraser, a kit s available! that provides a fast reliable system check, This kit is not meant as a substiute for regular instrument calibration, Procedures in the kit allow the user 10 verily XicL.l Wheel Alignment and Tracking—The wheels should te spaced equally on both sides from the wheel-mounting flange tothe center of the specimen holder When resting on the specimen, the wheels will havea peripheral engagement with the surface of the specimen, the direction of travel of the periphery ofthe wheels and ofthe specimen at the contacting portions being at acute angles, and the angles of travel of one ‘wheel periphery being opposite to that of the other, Wheel internal fices shall be 52.4 1.0 mm apart and the hyposhet- al line though the two spindles shall be 19.05 0.3 mmm vay from the central axis ofthe wmtable. Fig. X11. X1.1.2 Wheel Bearings Condition—Tne Taber Abraser Wheel bearings should be able to rotate freely about their borizontal spindles and not stick when the wheels are caused 10 spin rapidly by a quick driving motion of the forefinger. 1.1.3 Wiewum Suction Force—Air pressure in the suction vice must not be lower than 137 militar (35 inches of water column), as measured by a suction gage "Nove XI-1—Vacum station force may be inuened bythe condition ‘ofthe collston bas, which ms he emp o replaced on 2 rue ‘si Any coos r sal eas wll abn inlence ston fre. XILL4 Turntable Plarform Postion—The vential distance from the center of the pivot point of the Taber Abraser arms to the top of the turntable platform should he approximately 25 rm, The turntable platform shall rotate substantially in a plane i sesso = gig roe) paras vn! sein pare "FIG. XI. Diagrammatic rangement of Taber Abraser Test ‘Setup with deviation at a distance of 1.6 mm (Yin) from its periphery of not greater than 0.051 mm (+0002 in.) XILLS Tumble Speed—The turntable should rotate at the speed stated in 6.12. X1.1.6 Load—The accessory mass marked S00 shall weigh 250 * 1 gand the accessory mass marked 1000 g shall weigh 750 + 1g. aur Plep Noses0105010 ‘SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committee DO! has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the las issue (D4060 - 07) ‘hat may impact the use of this standard. (Approved February 1, 2010.) (1) Removed erroneous statement claiming poor reproducibil- (2) Referenced Specification D3924 in 10.1, ity of test method (cetion 1.2 in previeus version AST inemanona aes r postin resco me ayo ar at ht asaned mn comecon wth anyon manned nine sonar. Users sara a onsale tha emt Pe vale fa S00 ae HENS an ek ‘tater of ch ite ena er rnp ‘ssl ister tay te by respon cl cone arse read eva fre an aed inate reaped ernie Ya Coren aed ear eon tie sna or sar car ‘fsbo adtoesd BASH Imran HeasaanesYureanmots ees are crs amen 8 ‘mote our on oun ne ATH Comms on Stngrsaathe aor sows Bon ‘estan coycted byAST era, 100 ar Harber De, POBox C70, Meet Cansorcken, PA 194262950 nied Sates reps (sage 7 ull copes fe starr maybe otaed by conacing ASTM a fe above ‘oats or at 610828868 prone), 6103320558 an) oF sowenwarInOny eral oF euph fe ASTM websle feomasin ag Pomason sgh to phatopy te sander ay ao be sessed fam te ASTM abate (wan Sorvace