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ANYWHI!M GAS TURBINE PRODUCT LINE

INTRODUCTION
The General Electric Company offers both heavy duty
and aircraft-derivative gas turbines for industrial applica­
tions. The heavy duty gas turbines are available as both
simple-cycle, and regenerative-cycle machines and consist of
six different model series: the MS1002, MS3002, MS5000,
MS6001, MS7000 and the MS9001. They are designed in a
combination of single- and two-shaft configurations for
both mechanical- and generator-drive applications. The
aircraft-derivative gas turbine is a high-efficiency, simple-
cycle, two-shaft unit and is designated the LM2500. It is
available for both mechanical- and generator-drive applica­
tions.
The available horsepower ratings provided by these
units, for mechanical-drive applications, cover a range from
5,050 hp to 65,400 hp at ISO conditions burning gas fuel.
A complete listing of available ratings and heat rates for
various specific units is summarized in Table 1.

TABLE 1

GENERAL ELECTRIC MECHANICAL DRIVE 1WO-SHAFT GAS TURBINES

HEAT RATE RATED OUTPUT

MODEL OUTPUT BTU/HP-HR SHAFT SPEED
NUMBER CYCLE FUEL HP (LHV) (RPM)

M1502(B) SC G 5050 10570 10290

D 4900 10790 10290

M3142(J) SC G 14600 9650 6500

D 14150 9790 6500

M3132R(J) RC G 13750 7410 6500

D 13300 7500 6500
M5262(A) SC G 26250 9780 4670
D 25600 9840 4670

M5252R(A) RC G 25200 7390 4670

D 24600 7490 4670

M5332(B) SC G 33550 8910 4670

D 32650 9080 4670

M5322R(B) RC G 32000 7180 4670

D 31300 7340 4670

M7652(A) SC G 65400 9250 3020

D 63900 9380 3020

SC G 27500 7140 3600

D 24700 7350 3000

Symbols: SC = simple-cycle D = distillate fuel

RC regenerative-cycle LHV = lower heating value

G = natural gas fuel

© 1980 General Electric Co. 1

M-687
 GAS TURBINE PRODUCT LINE

In generator-drive applications, these units cover a range 1961 version, coupled with a 20 percent improvement in
from 10,400 kW to 87,400 kW. A complete listing of the thermal efficiency.
TABLE II
GENERAL ELECTRIC GENERATOR DRIVE GAS TURBINE

HEAT RATE GENERATOR

MODEL OUTPUT BTU/KW-HR FREQUENCY
NUMBER FUEL KW (LHV) Hz

G5342(J) G 10400 13550 50 and 60

D 10150 13650

G5341(P) G 24600 12140 50 and 60

24050 12310

G6481(B) G 35800 10980 50 and 60

D 35000 11120

G7821(B) G 61300 10830 60

D 60000 10960

G7981(E) G 74800 10410 60

D 73200 10550

G9111B G 87400 10820 50

D 85200 10990

LM2500 G 20100 9770

D 17550 10090 60

LM2500 G 19750 9960 50

D 18050 10070

Symbols: G - Natural Gas Fuel

D - Distillate Oil Fuel

LHV - Lower Heating Value

available ratings and heat rates for various specific units is
summarized in Table II.
The MS7001 and MS9001 units were designed specific­
ally for 60 and 50 Hz respectively, whereas the MS5001
and MS6001 have the ability to produce power at either
frequency by making a gear change. A geared version of
the MS7001 resulted from the need to provide an inter­
mediate power range at 50 Hz.
DESIGN EVOLUTION
HEAVY-DUTY GAS TURBINES
The evolution of the four generator-drive gas turbine
models is shown in Figure 1. Model MS5001, with over 700
Figure 2 is a cross section of the current MS5001. Its
17-stage axial flow compressor is the basis for the entire
product line; the compressors of the other three machines
are all scaled from this basic design. Cross sections of the
MS6001, MS7001, and MS9001 are shown in Figures 3, 4,
and 5. In the turbine area, the MS7001 provides the design
basis for the MS6001 and MS9001: a three-stage impulse
turbine with one or two stages of air-cooled nozzles and
buckets.
6001 ~=:"'- -.(

units and 12 million hours of operation in utility service, is

the cornerstone. The success of its turbomachinery design
and the Package Power Plant concept, along with the tech­
nical advancements that have accrued over the years, has
been carried over into the newer machines. To illustrate
1110 1170 1110
the magnitude of these latter improvements, the current
MS5001 model had almost exactly twice the output of the
Figure 1. Evolution of GE Electric Utility Gas Turbines

2 M-687
 GAS TURBINE PRODUCT LINE

Figure 2. MS5001 Cross Section

Figure 3. MS6001 Cross Section

Figure 4. MS7001 Cross Section

M-687 3
GAS TURBINE PRODUCT LINE

Within the MS7001 series, there are two models, the "B" * MS5001
and "E". The "E" version operates at both higher firing
temperatures and compressor pressure ratios for improved * MS7001
efficiency. It is especially suited for combined·cycles since
it has higher airflow and exhaust temperature plus a hydro­ * MS9001
.gen·cooled generator. The turbine's compressor design is

Figure 5. MS9001 Cross Section

basically that of the MS5001 and MS7001B, with modified
front .end stages for higher flow.
The MS6001 turbomachinery is scaled from the
MS7001E, while its basic dimensions and accessories are
essentially those of the MS5001.
In both Tables I and il, the complete model number
designation is used for the various product line machines.
An explanation of a typical heavy duty model number, i.e.,
the M5332R(B) is given in Figure 6. For the aircraft·deriva·
tive, LM designates Land and Marine while 2500 represents
the 25,OOO·hp class gas turbine.
M 3 2 I.'
The characteristics of STAG combined·cycle plants
make them suitable for midrange generation, as well as base
load. The dominant factors that place the STAG plant in
this role are moderate installation and fuel costs. These
moderate fuel costs result from efficient utilization of both
gas and liquid fuels, which are normally more expensive
than coal or nuclear fuel. In addition, STAG plants incor·
porate a balance of other characteristics including daily
start and stop capability, load following ability, low oper­
ating labor cost, low standby cost, and minimum startup
and shutdown time and cost. Other factors such as envi·
ronmental acceptability, high reliability and availability are
as necessary for mid-range generation as they are for base
load service.

TTTTTT
A single-shaft STAG plant shown in Figure 7 is com­
prised of a gas turbine exhausting into an HRSG, and a
steam turbine, both driving a double-ended generator all
APPLICATION SERIES POWER NUMBER
Of
CYCLf MODEL
lined up on single-shaft. For this case, the steam turbine
SHAFTS
does not have speed or load control but simply follows the
M MECH
DRIVE
FRAME
3,5.7 ETC
APPROX
OUTPUT
lOR 2 R REGEN
BLANK S C
gas turbine.
G GEN POWER IN
PG PKGD HUNDREDS
GEN THOUSANDS OR
10 THOUSANDS

Figure 6. Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Model Designation

STAG COMBINED CYCLE

General Electric STAG (Steam and Gas) power plants
use a gas turbine as a source of heat as well as power. The
turbine exhaust gas is used to generate steam, which is then
directed to a GE steam turbine to generate additional
amounts of power.

The STAG product line is comprised of multiples of the

following heavy duty gas turbines used in a "building.block"
fashion: Figure 7. Stag IOO-Single Shaft Arrangemen t

4 M-687
 GAS TURBINE PRODUCT LINE

Multi-shaft STAG plants on the other hand, have multi­ THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES
ple gas turbine/HRSG units providing steam to an indepen. SIMPLE-CYCLE
dently controlled steam turbine/generator set. Two differ­
ent arrangements are shown in Figures 8 and 9. A schematic diagram for a two-shaft, simple-cycle gas
turbine is shown in Figure 11. Air enters the- compressor at
Figure 10 depicts the makeup of a plant designation of point 1 of the schematic at ambient conditions. Since these
8·309B, where: vary from day-ta-day and from location-to-location, it is
convenient to consider some standard conditions. The
8 - Stag Plant standard conditions the industry uses are ISO conditions of
59 F, 14.7 psia and 60 percent relative humidity.
3 - Number of Gas Turbines
0- Not Significant The air is compressed to some higher pressure in the
compressor. No heat is added; however, the temperature
9 - Gas Turbine Frame Size
B - Gas Turbine Model

One further note on this numbering system; for STAG

plants using MS7000 the product line number roughly
equals the plant output in MW. For example, an MS7000
STAG 100 plant is nominally rated at 100 MW; an MS7000
STAG 400 arrangement is rated 400 MW, etc.

INlET
TURB. ,
-...-, 'u.'.,••, "HOUSE
VARIABLE-AREA
200
FT CONTROL SECOND-STAGE
alOG
NOZZLES
STEAM

"'-Lr-",-,-""",-,,,'-J' TUR·'Df~E1
GE.

Figure 11. Simple·Cycle Two-Shaft Gas Turbine

~ ~
;..,,.i, TRANSFORMER of air rises, because of the compression, so that by the
TRANSFORMERS
_ _'---' '---'
_---'-'­ .., FT --------{
time a pound of air reaches the end of the axial flow com­
pressor, both its temperature and pressure have been in­
creased.
Figure 8. Stag 400 Plant Arrangement "A"
Upon leaving the compressor, the air enters the combus­
tion system, at point 2, where fuel is injected and combus­
tion takes place. The combustion process occurs at essen·
tially constant pressure. Although very high local tempera­
tures are reached within the primary combustion zone
(approaching stoichiometric conditions), the combustion
system is designed to provide mixing, dilution and cooling.
, I , Thus, by the time the combustion mixture leaves the com­
: HRSG : I HRSG
bustion system and enters the high pressure turbine at
~.-------tJ-----_J L------e=r------ J

1
point 3, it is at some mixed average temperature.
TRANSFORMER TRA.NSFORMER

_--------4<JJFT - - - - - - - - . . ,
In the turbine sections of the gas turbine, the energy of
the hot gases is converted into work. This conversion actu­
Figure 9. Stag 400 Plant Arrangement "B" ally takes place in two steps. In the nozzle section of the
turbine the hot gases are expanded and, thus, a portion of
the thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy. In the
EXAMPLE: subsequent bucket section of the turbine, a portion of the
kinetic energy is transferred to the rotating buckets and is
S 3 0 9 8
converted to work.

TT TT

STAG NUMBER
OF
GAS
FRAME
SIZE
GAS
MODEL
GAS
TURBINE
All of the work developed by the high pressure turbine is
used to drive the compressor; however, the gases leaving the
high pressure turbine at point 4 still contain a significant
amount of energy, which is available for useful work. This
TURBINES TURBINE conversion, of course, takes place in the low pressure, or
power turbine. See Table III for typical pressure and tem­
perature values.
Figure 10. Plant Designation

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GAS TURBINE PRODUCT LINE

As shown in Figure 11, the low pressure turbine rotor is one-pass heat exchanger. Its location in the cycle is shown
completely mechanically separated from the high pressure in Figure 13.
turbine and compressor rotor. It is this special feature that
allows the low pressure turbine to be operated over a wide
range of speed, and hence makes two-shaft gas turbines
ideally suited to variable-speed applications. All of the
work developed by the low pressure turbine is available to
drive the load equipment since, as previously stated, the
work developed by the high pressure turbine supplies all
the necessary energy to drive the compressor.

In a single-shaft configuration, typically used for gener­

ator drives, the turbine is in one continuous shaft; therefore, AIR
all stages operate at the same speed. The single-shaft IN

MS5001 employs a two-stage-turbine, whereas the MS6000,

MS7000 and MS9000 utilize three-stage turbine designs. Figure 13. Regenerative-Cycle 2-Shaft Gas Turbine
Figure 12 shows the simple-cycle, single-shaft gas turbine.
A design objective of the regenerator is to bring the
temperature of the compressor discharge air, after its
EXHAUST passage through the regenerator, as close to the temperature
of the exhaust gas as possible. The measurement of how
closely it achieves this goal is a parameter called the
"effectiveness" of the regenerator. Regenerator effective­
ness may be defined as:
TC D - TC D
Regenerator Effectiveness(%) ~ 2 1 X 100
TEX - TC D
INLET 1 1
AIR
where the variables TC D ,TC ,T and TC D, are show
D EX
2 1 1
shown in Figure 13. A typical effectiveness value for a
Figure 12. Simple-Cycle, Single·Shaft Gas Turbine regenerator would be 80 percent. Using this value, together
with the typical heavy duty cycle values of Table III, in the
TABLE III

TYPICAL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE VALUES

HEAVY DUTY GAS TURBINE AIRCRAFT DERIVATIVE GAS TURBINE

TEMPERATURE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE
(F) (PSIA) (F) (PSIA)
Compressor Inlet, Point 1 59 14.7 59 14.7
Compressor Discharge, Point 2 - 540 120 800 265
Pressure Ratio 8.2 to 1 18 to 1

Turbine Inlet, Point 3 1700 120 2140 260

Turbine Exhaust, Point 5 925 14.7 930 14.7

REGENERATIVE CYCLE expression for effectiveness yields an air discharge tempera­

One way to improve the efficiency of a simple-cycle gas
turbine is to recover some of the exhaust heat being dis­
charged up the stack and use it to preheat the air leaving
the compressor before it enters the combustion chamber.
This can be done by adding a regenerator to the cycle. The
regenerator is simply a heat exchanger which permits the
transfer of heat from the exhaust gas to the compressor
discharge air and thereby reduces the amount of fuel con­
sumed. It is normally an extended-surface, counter-now,
ture out of the regenerator (TeD ) of approximately 850
2
F. Thus, for the same firing temperature, sufficient heat
would have to be added in the combustion chamber to heat
the air from 540 to 1700 F in a simple-cycle configuration,
while only heating from 850 to 1700 F in a regenerative­
cycle configuration. This preheating of the combustion air
reduces the fuel consumption of simple-cycle gas turbine by
some 20 to 30 percent, depending on particular cycle para­
meters.

6
GENERAL. ELECTRIC M-687