OCEANARIUM PANJIM, GOA DESIGN THESIS Submitted by PANKAJ RAI BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE ITM SAAD, VADODARA ACADEMIC SESSION 2014-19CERTIFICATE ‘This is to certify that Architectural Design work and embodied in this entitled “(OCEANARIUM)” was carried out by (PANKAJ RAT) at (ITM SAAD SCHOOL, OF ARCHITECTURE ART AND DESIGN) in partial fulfillment of BACHELOR IN ARCHITECTURE to be awarded by Gujarat Technological University. This work has been carried out under guidance and supervision of a team of Design Thesis mentors and it is upto the satisfaction 3 z= 4 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE DATE: PLACE: Seal of the Institute Prof. Meena Duttagupta Prof. Kandarp Bhatt Prof. Babar Yahya Associate dean Principal Chairman, Thesis Committee ITM-SAAD_ ITM-SAAD ITM-SAAD_TEAM OF MENTORS Prof. Meena Duttagupta Prof. Babar Yahya Prof. Hiten Chawda Prof. Prashant Modi Prof. Kandarp Bhatt ‘Asso. Prof. Sneha Vadhera Asso. Prof. Dipali Kulkarni Asso. Prof. Swara Shah Asso. Prof. Shilpi Aggarwal Primary guide External examiner Name: Name: Signature! Signature:ACKNOWLEDGEMEN ‘Those who helped me along the way. THANKS To, I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude and indebtedness to a humble Guide Asso. Prof. Shilpi Aggarwal whose help, encouragement and constant crities kept my moral high during thesis work. Without her assistance and guidance, it would have been indeed difficult for me to shape up this work. It has been learning experience working under her guidance through the last five months, where she has been immensely patient, Supportive, and encouraging, Special thanks toProf. Meena Duttagupta, Prof. Babar Yahya, Prof. n Chawda, Prof. Prashant Modi, Prof. Kandarp Bhatt, Asso. Prof. Dipali Kulkarni, Asso. Prof, Swara Shah, Asso. Prof, Sneha Vadhera, Ar. Anagha Joshi, Ar. Swapna Kothari for extending her support To, My parents Ajay Rai and Usha Rai, nothing would have been possible but for the encouragement and support of them To, I would also like to thank friends for their constant encouragement and support and for always cheering me wherever I felt a bit low. Special thanks to Rakesh Suthar, Piyush Thakur, Subham Paul, Priya Shah, Parthvi Sanghadia.ABSTRACT ‘This report discussed the various design issues and research considerations study throughout the year. The proposed project is an Oveanarium located at the Miramar beach, Panaji, Goa, The project has been selected keeping in view the need for an aquarium building to attract more tourist and visitors. Before proceeding with the actual design and plan, an insight is given to the climate conditions and tourism in Goa to give easier and connecting information to the project It nearly covers all the major issues and requirements of any aquarium building. It not only contains different kinds and sizes of aquarium displays but also cover the educational, entertainment, fun, and recreational aspects. The building has been designed such that it covers the function as well as aesthetical appearance in an attractive way. It is beautiful mixture of aquarium, display, model, rest area, cafes & restaurant, pool, underwater aerylic tunnel, and apart from the Oceanarium building the project also holds recreational activities such as dolphin performance show. The proposed Oceanarium will be a pleasant addition to develop the tourism and beauty of Goa, and also fulfills the recreation and entertainment needs of people of India and abroadOCEANARIUM, GOA CHAPTER -I 10 INTRODUCTION 10 1. OCEANARIUM 10 2. PROJECT. 10 3. DIFFERENECE BETWEEN AQUARIUM AND OCEANARIUM 10 4. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE. 10 5. NEED 10 6. SCOPE OF PROJECT 10 7. PROJECT FACILITIES 10 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 OCEANARIUM: un 1.2 PROJECT: 2 13 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AQUARIUM AND OCEANARIUM 2 14 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: 12 1.5 NEED: 13 1.6 SCOPE OF PROJECT: 13 1.7 PROJECT FACILITIES. 3 CHAPTER - 2 15 ZONES OF OCEANARIUM. 15 1. ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES. 15 2. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. 15 3. FUN AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 15 4, RESEARCH FACILITIES 15 2 ZONES OF OCEANARIUM 16 2.1 ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES. 16 2.1.1 Anunderwater Aquarium 16 2.1.2 Acrylic Tunnel 162.1.3 Constructional Details: 2.14 — Aquarium Displays: 2.2 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: 2.2.1 An Aqua Museum: 2.22 The Fishing History: 2.23 The Fishery Objects: 2.24 The Discovery Lab: 23. FUN AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 23.1 Turtle Pond. 23.2 Crocodile Pond 2.33. Dolphinarium 24 RESEARCH FACILITIES CHAPTER - 3 LITERATURE STUDY. 1, CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES FISH ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY SALT WATER v/s FRESH WATER AQUARIUMS FRESH WATER AQUARIUM SETUP. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN AQUATIC NEED. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM. FILTERATION SYSTEM. MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TANK 10. ‘TANK DIMENSIONS 3. LITERATURE STUDY 3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES: 3.1.1 Agnathan: 3.12 Chrondrichthyes: 3.1.3 Osteichthyes: 3.2 FISH ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 3.2.1 The Skin: Cer awren OCEANARIUM, GOA 0 7 21 21 2 21 21 22 2 23 3 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 26OCEANARIUM, GOA 3.22 The Swimbladder: 3.2.3 Maintaining Salt Balance 3.2.4 Breathing Underwater: 3.3. FRESHWATER AQUARIUM v/s SALTWATER AQUARIUM: 33.1 Cost 33.2 Size 3.3.3. Water Changes 3.3.4 Lighting, 335 Colour 3.36 Variety: 3.3.7 Equipment: 3.38 Aquarium Dynamic: 3.3.9 Ease Of Keeping: 3.3.10 Coral 3.4 FRESHWATER AQUARIUM SETUP: 3.4.1 Essentials & Accessories: 3.4.2 Aquarium Furniture - Tanks & Stands: 3.4.3 Hoods & Lighting 3.44 Filters & Media 3.4.5 Climate Control 3.4.6 Maintenance & Accessories: 3.4.7 Water Additives: 348 DECOR 3.5 FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN 3.5.1 PLANNING 3.52 CRICULATION 3.6 AQUATIC NEED: 3.6.1 Common Information About Fishes 3.62 _ FEEDIGN INFORMATION. 3.63 HYGIENE CARE 3.64 HEALTH CHECKUPS 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 30 31 31 31 31 31 32 33 35 35 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 373.65 Temperature 3.6.6 Lighting, 3.7 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM: 3.7.1 Open Water System 3.7.2 Semi-Closed Water System: 3.7.3. Closed Water System: 3.8 FILTERATION AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS 3.8.1 Biological Filtration: 3.82 Mechanical Filtration: 3.83 Chemical Filtration 3.9 MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TANK 3.10 TANK DIMENSIONS. 3.10.1 Tank Length 3.10.2. Tank Width: 3.10.3 Tank Height: CHAPTER - 4 CASE STUDY 1. GEORGIA AQUARIUM, USA. 2. SHANGHAI OCEAN AQUARIUM, CHINA 3. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 4 CASE STUDY 4.1 GEORGIA AQUARIUM 4.1.1 Site Layout 4.12 About 41.3. Services: 4.1.4 Advance Technologies: 4.1.5. Feature 4.1.6 Number of staff 4.1.7 Fun Facts about the Georgia Aquarium: 4.18 — Inferences 41.9 Posi aspect. OCEANARIUM, GOA 37 38 38 38 38 39 39 40 40 40 40 41 41 2 4B 43 45 45 45 45 46 46 46 50 50 3042 43 4.1.10 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 42.10 4211 42.12 42.13 42.14 42.15 4.2.16 4217 42.18 42.19 Negative aspect SHANGHAI OCEAN AQUARIUM: About The Project Floor Sequence. Detail Floor Plans; Different Regions of Shanghai Ocean Aquarium. Deep Ocean Regions Sea And Shore Region: Australia Region: Southeast Asian Region. Cold Water Region: South America Region: Polar Region China Region: Services Water Supply: Aquatic Life Support Recommended Itinerary: Areas ‘Acrylic Pane! Dimension: Inferences: Comparative Analysis CHAPTER - 5 Area Programming AREA PROGRAMMING CHAPTER - 6 SITE ANALYSIS LOCATION ROAD NETWORK BUILT v/s OPEN. VEGETATION 5 Ren OCEANARIUM, GOA 61 61 61 62 62 63 63 z 65 66 67 70 70 70 70 70 70OCEANARIUM, GOA 5. BUILT HEIGHT 0 6. BUILT USE PLAN 0 7. SITE 70 6 SITE ANALYSIS a 61 LOCATION: n 6.1.1 About Goa: n Goa Map: n 6.1.2 About Panjim: n 61.3 About Miramar R 62 ROAD NETWORK B 63 BUILT V/S OPEN B 64 VEGETATION ” 65 BUILT HEIGHT 74 66 Built Use Plan 75 67 SITE: 16 Land Distributtion In Miramar 76 67.1 Site potentials 76 672 Topography 16 673 Sewage & Drainage 76 674 — Electric supply. 1 67.5 Water supply 1 CHAPTER -7 78 DESIGN CRITERIA B 1. CIRULATION 8 2. SERVICES B 3. TECHNOLOGY & MATERIAL. 8 4. SITE CONSIDERATION 8B 5. FLOW DIAGRAM ACCORDING TO THE LINKAGES B 6. ZONING 78 7 DESIGN CRITERIA 9 7.1 CIRCULATION 7972 73 14 15 SERVICES TECHNOLOGY & MATERIAL: SITE CONSIDERATION: FLOW DIAGRAM ACCORDING TO THE LINKAGES: CHAPTER - 8 DRAWINGS 1 wn aa GROUND FLOOR PLAN BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN MID FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN ROOF FLOOR PLAN SECTIONS. 3D Views. 8 DRAWINGS 8.1 82 83 84 85 8.6 87 GROUND FLOOR PLAN BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN MID FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN. ROOF FLOOR PLAN SECTIONS. 3D VIEWS. BIBLIOGRAPHY: REFRENCES ‘Time Saver Standards Architect's Data (Ernst & Peter Neufert) ‘Thesis Report Oceanarium At Kochi By - Mohammad Nasir (2012-13) National Oceanarium At Goa By -Abu Safwan- (20013-14) OCEANARIUM, GOA 9 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 82 83 85 86 87 88 99) 99 99 99 99 99) 99)TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 Figure 2: Acrylic Tunnel. Figure 3: Coral Reef Tanks Figure 4:Touch Pool Figure 5:Seasheel Display. Figure 6:Invertebrates display Figure 7:Undersea garden Figure 8:Giant Tank Figure 9:Turtle pond Figure 10:Dolphinarium. Figure 11:Approach to site Figure 12:Outside View Of Building Facade Figure 13:Tropical Fish. Figure 14:Touch Pool Figure 15:Georgia Aquarium Floor Plan Figure 16:Georgia Explorer Figure 17:Tropical diver Figure 18:Ocean Voyager Figure 19:Cold Quest Figure 20: River Scout Figure 21:Dolphin Tales Figure 22:Ariel view of Shanghai Ocean Aquarium Figure 23:Tunnel view of travellator Figure 24:Tunnel view of escallator Figure 25:Basement Floor. Figure 26:Ground Floor Plan Figure 27:First Floor Plan Figure 28:Second Floor Plan. Figure 29:Deep Ocean Region Figure 30:Sea And Shore Region Figure 31:Australia Region Figure 32:Southeast Asian Region. Figure 33:Cold Water Region Figure 34:South America Region Figure 35:Polar Region Figure 36:China Region. Figure 37 Figure 38 OCEANARIUM, GOA SaE 47 a7 As a8 49 49 49 53 53 53 55 56 37 58 59 59 60 61 61 61 62 62Figure 39:Goa Map Figure 40:Panjim Map Figure 41:Miramar Map. Figure 42:Miramar Beach Figure 43:Dona Paula, Figure 44:Site Plan. Figure 45:Sewage & Drainage Figure 46:Entrance Lobby Figure 47: Touch Pool. Figure 48:Giant Tank. Figure 49:Tunnel View Inside Giant Tank Figure 50: Viewing Corridor. Figure 51:Jelly Fish Tank Figure 52:Sting Ray Display Figure 53:Tropical Display Figure 54:Penguin Display Figure 55:180° Tunnel Figure 56:Mugger Display Figure 57:Octopus Display Figure 58:Reptiles Display Figure 59:Turtle Display Figure 60:Turtle Pond Figure 61:Mugger Pond Figure 62:360° Tunnel Figure 63:View From Restaurant to Giant Tank Figure 64: View in Restaurant Figure 65:Dolphinarium. Figure 66:Ariel View Figure 67:Garden View OCEANARIUM, GOAwrens ao )CEANARIUM, GOA CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION OCEANARIUM PROJECT, DIFFERENECE BETWEEN AQUARIUM AND OCEANARIUM AIMS AND OBJECTIVE NEED SCOPE OF PROJECT PROJECT FACILITIES.OCEANARIUM, GOA 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OCEANARIUM: ‘An Oceanarium ean be a marine mammal park as well as large scale aquarium presenting an ocean habitat with marine life, An aquarium simulates a water habitat, for instance a river lake or sea; but only the submerged area of these natural habitats. "Establishments where collection of living aquatic animals and plants are exhibited or studied." ‘An object or place in which aquatic animals, principally fish are kept captive for public or private exhibition, Saltwater aquarium for displaying animals and plant, particularly oceanic, r pelagic, fishes and mammals. It serves as a center for public entertainment and education and scientific study oceanariums are located in coastal areas. The world largest oceanarium, now known as marineland, was completed in 1938 near st. Augustine, fla., us. Above are a few dictionary taken definitions of an oceanarium,as far as public oceanariumare concerned they can be defined as "a building used for showing collections of living fish water animals and plants" Figure 1EANARIUM, GOA 1.2 PROJECT: The project is about the development of an "oceanarium". As the name indicates, itis related to the under water. 13 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AQUARIUM AND OCEANARIUM: ‘Oceanariums are somehow more difficult to maintain than aquariums. Changes in salinity conditions confound the relationships between temperature, acidity and oxygen levels of an aquatic life support system. Oceanariums however have certain disadvantages, many different species of fishes live in marine environments than in freshwater, so a greater diversity of displays is possible, A saltwater environment permits the holding of large and impressive animals which a person hardly gets to see such as sharks, rays, pirhana's, sea turtles also seagoing mammals such as Dolphins, whales, sea otter, etc. Many oceanariums make full use of the availability of dolphins and whales that are to be trained. They are trained for special aquatic shows that are to be performed in front of live audience. A number of oceanariums are associated with research or educational programs ot universities, biological stations and marine institutes .Arrangements may be reciprocal in that ‘oceanariums can provide facilities for student training or experiments while the academic or research units can contribute specimens and professional advice about the care of marine ‘organisms .In comparison to an aquarium which is made in a small scale it does not have entertainment facilities like an oceanarium has. An aquarium does not have facilities to nature and take care of mammals like wales or turtles, All aquarium also may or may not be affiliated with a university, also has smaller tank of fresh ‘water fishes and marine waster fishes. Ocenarium is comparatively a better option in every aspect to meet the growing demands of the level of amusement that people expect from such facilites and also the same time educate them. 1.4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: Public oceanarium serves the purpose of recreation as well as education, or it provides a platform for education through entertainment, Human beings believe in the theory of out of sight out of mind providing a window towards the water world will some, how create a soft ‘comer for the species living there and will motivate us not to harm their habitatEANARIUM, GOA For researchers and research. institutes it provides vast research possibilities, which is not only beneficial for them but also helps provide conversation possibilities for the species. 15 NEED: Living along the coastline brings the inhabitants with close contact to the sea every now and then, Around the world we see development around the coasts small islands countries earn a lot of money from tourism due to this coastal development, The reason is the sea; the beaches are an attraction all around the world people through to beaches during vacations Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand etc. are the finest example of this. They realized the importance of the force of the sea and developed their waterfronts to the international standards. An Oceanarium is as an essential part of this sea front development as it tells us that how beauty lies within this enigmatic sea. it is in itself a sea enclosed within an edifice, It also helps the research work going on regarding the sea and its creature. Conversation of species is the slogan of the oceanariums around the world. The need for an oceanarium is stressed as it is not just a recreational spot it is a research platform from where extensive researches on flora and fauna is conducted. 1.6 SCOPE OF PROJECT: India is surrounded by sea on three side and has a large coastline on the southern side in the Arabian sea. Rich in marine life countless marine species. Marine life is one of the most important resource of the country and there is an increasing demand for the development and conservation of our marine wealth. There is no state of art facility available in the country for the appropriate scientific research and awareness. Help develop tourism. 1.7 PROJECT FACILITIES: ‘An Oceanarium isa place where you can get to know and see the marine life and all its beautifiul and stunning aspects more closely. It includes all the usual and special features to make it successful and attract and amuse visitors. Basically it consist of an underwater aquarium witha unique and thrilling acrylic tunnel. A seafood restaurant that has a large central round water tank An aqua museum that displays different species of fishes, invertebrates and also provide history and knowledge about them. So it does not only provide entertainment related to marine life but also covers a wide range of educational aspects and some research the water worldOCEANARIUM, GOA but also seek and learn knowledge. The most entertaining facility is the acrylic tunnel built under water. So it provides the visitor with a unique atmosphere. Along with these informative aspects, the oceanarium also provides its visitors with recreational facilities like dolphin pool , where dolphin shows are arranged to entertain the visitors. Also has a touch pool where one can touch and feel the harmless creatures. Thus an ‘oceanarium is a place complete in itself, where one can enjoy how it feels being under water without going through the learning process of scuba diving and the fear of oxygen.)CEANARIUM, GOA CHAPTER - 2 ZONES OF OCEANARIUM 1, ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES 2. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 3. FUN AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 4, RESEARCH FACILITIESOCEANARIUM, GOA 2 ZONES OF OCEANARIUM Oceanarium basically covers the following threezones of facilities: 24 ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES FUN AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES, RESEARCH FACILITIES ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES, For this purpose the oceanarium has an "underwater aquarium’ which is the primary factor of this project. 241.2 An underwater Aquarium: This is not an ordinary aquarium but it provides its visitors with a unique and fascinating environment It comprises of large coral reef tanks and several other glass cases and aquariums to enjoy the sea life, displaying all varieties and species of idishes, reptiles, amphibians, sea plants etc. It also includes a several feet long acrylic tunnel through which one can move around and see the marine world very closely Acrylic Tunnel: The acrylic tunnel will be anearly 350 feet long winding path. It will be made of a semi circular acrylic through which the visitors can see the water world and fishes at just a few centimeters distance. ‘The acrylic tunnel will be nearly 4 meters high and 2 meters wide. At one side of the tunnel be a conveyor belt or a moving travellator at particular distances. So the visitors can just stand on the belt and go around the tunnel at a desirable slow speed. Figure 2: Acrylic Tunnel241 EANARIUM, GOA Constructional Details: Just like any other tunnel, the sidewalls are made up of conerete, nearly three feet high The AC ducts are fixed on the sides and have inlets on it. As the name indicates the tunnel is made up of acrylic glass, a special kind of glass mostly used for display tanks and tunnels nowadays. he glass is heated at a certain temperature and is curved as requires . These panels are then fixed over the concrete wall with the help of clamps and sealant glues Each acrylic panel is about one meter in length and is joined with the help of a special marine sealant, or are welded together, or joined with a metal strip tightened by nuts and bolts, ‘The thickness of the glass depends upon the volume of the tanks and the water Handrails are provided at both ends for safety and comfort. Aquarium Displays: ‘The aquarium displays are spread throughout the building in all floors. These aquariums not only contain fishes but also reptiles, invertebrates and amphibians, thus providing a wide variety. ‘These are not just the simple usual types of aquarium but are designed with new ‘methods and techniques, thus allowing the aquarium's viewing acrylic panel to be arranged in different sizes and forms. This gives a break to the continuity of the aquariums and Adds to the interest of visitors Also the circulation area for the visitors is such provided that it does not follow a same route or straight lines, but the interest to move around is enhanced with curved pathways and varying widths of the corridor. This does not only break the continuity but also and saves the visitors from following the same route. ‘The aquarium displays have the following galleries: Central Coral Reef Tank Atthe entrance of the oceanarium is the majestic vertical central coralreef tube, which extends to the other floors of the building as well ‘The magnifying effect of the narrow tube allows visitors to see the distinet features of the fishes as they swim past slowly Beautifull golden and diamond travel lies, tarpon, squirrelfish and rainbow runners can be seen, There are also lots of smaller fishes, which orbit theimpressive central rockwork. ‘The vertical tank allows following the fishes to the upper stories to lead the visitors to more exhibits on other levels.EANARIUM, GOA Figure 3: Coral Reef Tanks 21.42 Touch Pool © Where one can touch and stroke the banded-bamboo shark and feel their rough- textured skin as they glide past one’s skin, One can feed blue-spottedstingrays, nodular sea stars, banded-bamboo sharks and porcupine puffers, all harmless creatures. © Its construction is carried out the same way as that for the turtles. All theharmlesscreaturesarekeptinanormalpool, withdesirable temperature, Visitors especiallykids can touch and feel the skins of the creatures. Figure 4:Touch Pool 2.14.3 Fresh Water Section: * It consists of fishes that thrive whollyin fresh water and which cangrow up to eight feet in length. It does not only have the biggest fish also the most expensive fish in the world.OCEANARIUM, GOA 2.1.44 Seashell Display: * Showcases more than 100 species of seashell from all over the world, in all sizes,shapes and shades, this gallery also consists of large shell models to add an interest and variety. igure 5:Seasheel Display 2.1.4.5 Invertebrate's Section: © Within the confines of specially built tanks, one will be able to encounter unusual and peculiar tiny sea creatures, which even keendivers tend to miss Figure 6 Invertebrates display. 2.1.46 An Undersea Garden: © A garden that is always moving with colorful reef fishes and vividly colored corals. It will have a central coral reef tank with a corridor around it for the visitors to move around it and several other small and large aquariums all displaying, thefeatures of the gardenOCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 7:Undersea garden 2.1.4.7. Giant Tank Display ‘© Itis generally located at the central part of the building in order to attract the visitors ‘© To view this gallery ,one has to move through 180° tunnel which passes from the middle of the tank to view it from close ‘* Another ones can also view the gallery from outerside of tank to meet some of the most deadly marine and fresh water animals in the world. ‘© One can stand face to face with a tank full of different species of shark & Manta Rays ‘© Generally the height of this tanks are up to 9 to 12 mts and comparatively larger than others tanks, Figure 8:Giant TankOCEANARIUM, GOA 2.2. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES: The Oceanarium also provides the visitors with the educational facilities so that they not only get entertainment but also get useful and interesting knowledge about the underwater world and learn the exciting hidden stories behind them. The following educational fa cilities will be provided: 2. An Aqua Museum: ‘* A museum that is completely based on marine life providing the necessary entertainment and educational facilities to the visitors. It will have all the species of fishes, crabs, reptiles, amphibians, seaweeds and sea plants ete. ‘© The museum basically has an awesome and dazzling display of unusual marine animals and some interesting features about them, like sea horse, sea dragons, octopus ete It gives a full informative knowledge about the entire marine life conserved and utilized and how it is 2.2.2 ‘The Fishing History: © This gallery gives a short introduction about how fishing was started in the early days and how it was carried out in later years * It gives detailed account of the various species of the fishes that were found earlier, coming to the present day 22.3 The Fishery Object © This gallery has alots of information and guidelines for the fishermen, and people who have to go fishing. It informs the visitors and interested people completely in order to give then a clear slight of how the fishing should be carried out and what objects, materials, clothing, and even what kind of food is given to the particular specie of fishes to net them. The Discovery Lab: * This laboratory is specially designed for visitors information in particular. Here the visitors can get a chance to learn about the behavior of different sea animals and fishes and even get to touch and feel them, and learn about their behavior. © Assmall research work is also carried out in here; this lab is open to public as it small part of research laboratory, designed for the visitors to explore the marine creatures justOCEANARIUM, GOA 23 FUN AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES: ‘These facilities include: 234 23.2 Turtle Pond: One can see turtles up close at the turtle pond, Although turtles are very docile and somewhat shy but they do come up to the water for air and food. One can feed and even take photographs. ‘The pond is placed inside the campus is basically just like a normal pool. A real environment is provided to the turtles with the help of artificial rocks, pebbles, seaweeds, plants and corals etc. even sandis provided to make the turtles feel at home. The turtles move around freely and even come up for air. Figure 9:Turtle pond, Crocodile Pond: One can see crocodiles up close from a bridge at the crocodile pond or else can see internal view of erocodile activity in the pond through acrylic panel glass from inside of a building as pond remains connected with building next to it for services. ‘The pond placed inside the building is basically just like a normal pool. A real environment is provided to the crocodile with the help of artificial rocks, pebbles, seaweeds, plants and corals ete. even sandis provided to make the crocodiles feel at home. The crocodiles move around freely and even come up for air.233 OCEANARIUM, GOA Dolphinariu ‘To have dolphin shows, A place where one can meet and greet the lovely dolphins and even feed them. This dolphin pool has a seating area for nearly 100 users at atime and different dolphin shows are carried out at different times. The hall basically consists of a large main pool where the dolphins perform Other than that another smaller pool is provided where thedolphins actually live but is not visible to the visitors, ‘This smaller pool is linked with the larger main pool with a tunnel in tunnel in between them under the water. ‘The dolphins are first kept inside the smaller poo! and when the shows start, the iron- gate at the tunnel is opened and they shift to the main pool for performance, ‘The seats are arranged in step as in auditoriums for the comfort of the visitors to easily watch the show. Figure 10:Dolphinarium 24 RESEARCH FACILITIES. The project “oceanarium" also covers the research side in a small extent. It doesn't have avery big research center of its own but has proper service and administrative sections to completely understand and conserve the marine life. It has the following portions: Service floor Quarantine areas Water containers and pumps system Research vessel and laboratories)CEANARIUM, GOA CHAPTER - 3 LITERATURE STUDY IFICATION OF FISHES ANATOMY & PHYS SALT WATER v/s FRESH WATER AQUARIUMS, FRESH WATER AQUARIUM SETUP FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIGN AQUATIC NE WATER SUPPLY MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TANK TANK DIMENSIONSOCEANARIUM, GOA 3 LITERATURE STUDY 3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES: Fish the member of the Animalia Kingdom is classified into Phylum Chordata and Vertebrata Subphylum. Fishes poses notochord, tubular nerve chord, paired gills, segmentation of the body parts, post and tail, ventral heart, and an endoskeleton to be the member of the Chordata. In order to be a vertebrate, it poses backbone. This back bone supports and protects the spinal cord All the species of the fish found in the world are classified into the following three groups. Agnathan - jawless fish Chrondriehthyes - cartilaginous fish Osteichthyes - bony fish About 50 species of Agnatha fish, 600 species of Chrondrichthyes fish and 30,000 species of Osteichthyes fish are found in the world, Most of the fishes in the bony group belong to the ray finned group. According to the biologist there are about 70 fish orders are found in the world Sharks and rays, sturgeon and gars, herring-like fishes, trout and salmon, eels, minnows, suckers, and catfish, flying fish and relatives, cod-like fish, flatfish, seahorses and relatives, mullets, silversides, and barracuda and mackerels and tunas are the main group of fishes 3.1.1 Agnathan: 3.1.1.1 Subphylum Vertebrata: © Agnathan are jawless fish and lack paired fins. They also lack the internal skeleton system. They have a circular tooth mouth (cyelostomic) by which they bore the body of their victim and suck their blood. These are classified in to two major types. They are Hagfish and Lampreys 3.1.1.2 Characteristic of Agnatha © Jaws are absent ‘© Paired fins are absent ‘© Bony scales and skin plates were present in the ancient species but are absent in the living species. | pouches are present. They have seven or more pouches. ‘© Stomach is absent in the digestive system.OCEANARIUM, GOA 3.1.2 Chrondrichthyes: 3.1.2.1 Subphylum Vertebrata: ‘© Fearsome predators and harmless mollusc eaters are the members of the Chrondr ichthyes. The member of the cartilaginous fish poses true bone and also poses a skeleton made up of cartilage. Only the teeth of this species and rarely the vertebrae are calcified, Sharks, Skates, and Rays make up the group of chrondrichthyes. 3.1.3 Osteichthyes: 3.1.3.1 Subphylum Vertebrata: '* About 30000 species of bony fish are found in this class. Fishes that belong to this species are spindle shaped, oval in section and flattened. Skins are protected by protective scales. Some fishes of this category have actual lungs to breathe and also have sharp eyesight, These bony fishes have a special gas filled chamber called airbladder housed under the skeleton to allow them to remain buoyant. Another adaptation is operculum, a bone on the sides of the fish to protect the chambers that house the gills. ‘© Bony fish are again classified into ray finned and lobe finned fish. Ray finned fish nave thin, flexible skeleton rays. Lobe finned fish have muscular fins supported by bones. Bony fish fertilizes either internally or externally. Two types of eggs are laid by the bony fish. They are the eggs that float and the eggs that sink. 3.1.3.2. Characteristic Of Osteichthyes: Have more or less bony skeleton and numerous vertebrae ‘© Mucous glands and embedded dermal scales are present in the skin Have paired fins © aws are present * Gill arches support the gills and are protected by the operculum. MY & PHYSIOLOGY: ‘There are few creatures on earth that have developed such an interesting and unique set of physical characteristics as the fish. Their special adaptations have allowed them to survive in an environment completely different than humans. Water is 800 times denser than air. Water also contains less than 2% of the oxygen contained in the air. Sound and light are very distorted in the water. Yet despite these difficult obstacles in life, fish have some unique anatomical adaptations that allow them to flourish, If aquarium owners have an understanding of these basic adaptations, it will help them to better care for their fish. 3.2.1 The Skin: Unlike most land dwelling animals, fish have evolved several unique traits in their outside coverings including scales, Fins and protective mucous. Most fish have 7 fins, although some have 6 and some 8. These fins allow fish to steer _and move forward and backward. BecauseEANARIUM, GOA water is 800 times denser than air, fish require a tremendous amount of muscle strength and coordination. The powerful tail fin coupled with a large efficient muscle-filled body gives the fish the necessary strength. On the outside of the skin most fish have compact rows of protective scales, These scales are firmly attached to the skin and are primarily made of hard calcium, The scales offer unsurpassed protection against injury and infection, Catfish have evolved without scales, but some have hard bony plates and others have sharp spines in some Of their fins that help keep predators at bay. Over the tops of their scales, fish secrete a mucous covering. This mucous is very effective at trapping and immobilizing bacteria and viruses and even contains antibacterial-like agents that will help kill the trapped bacteria. Another important trait of the mucous is to reduce friction and allow the fish to move through the water more easily. 3.2.2. The Swimbladder: The swimbladder is a unique organ found only in fish and is sometimes called the ‘air bladder’. It is @ smooth, gas-filled organ found in the abdomen of most fish, A fish will either add to or decrease the amount of air in the bladder to help it move up or down in the water. Without the air bladder, the fish would have to swim continuously to keep from sinking to the bottom. By adjusting the amount of air in the bladder, fish can adjust the depth at which they float and extend very little energy in the process. One other benefit of the air bladder in some species is that it can be used to receive or emit sounds. 3.2.3 Maintaining Salt Balance: As in people, maintaining the proper level of salt in the fish's body is critical to proper health. Fish face an exceptionally difficult challenge because they live in a watery environment and tend to leak’ a lot, The concentration of salt in a freshwater fish is much higher than in the surround ing water, so salt is constantly leaking out of the fish into the water. To compensate for this, fish have developed several solutions. The first and foremost is that they ingest a very large quantity of water and as a result produce a large quantity of urine (10-20 times as much as land mammals). Their kidneys extract the small amount of salt from the-Ingested ‘water and put it back into the fish's bloodstream. The other thing they have is an ion pump in their gills that actually helps take salt out of the water and discharges ammonia and other undesirable products. Saltwater fish have the same problem in reverse. For salt water fish, the sea water contains a much higher concentration than what is in their bodies. As a result, salt leaks in and the fish has to use its kidneys and ion pumps to excrete extra salt. 3.2.4 Breathing Underwater: Breathing underwater is one of the most interesting adaptations of fish. Fish need oxygen just, like people, but the trick is getting the small amount of available oxygen out of the water and into the bloodstream. The way that fish accomplish this is through their gills. The gills contain thousands of tiny capillaries (blood vessels). Water is constantly pumped over the gills through. combination of opening and closing the mouth and muscular contractions that force water over the gills. The oxygen is absorbed out of the water and goes directly into the bloodstream.EANARIUM, GOA Water temperature can greatly affect the concentration of free oxygen in the water. As the water temperature increases, the free oxygen concentration decreases. Stagnant or poor quality water also contains less oxygen. A fish that becomes stressed or overly excited in water that has low oxygen content can have severe respiratory difficulty and can die. Because the air contains much more oxygen than the water, some people question why fish cannot breathe out of the water. The reason is that the small delicate lamellae (thin branching structures) in the gills will collapse when the fish is out of the water. This will make it impossible for oxygen to be absorbed. To determine how long a fish can be kept out of the water, hold your breath when you take your fish out of the tank. When you need to breathe, then so does your fish. 3.3. FRESHWATER AQUARIUM v/s SALTWATER AQUARIUM: While we are generally breaking down the types of aquariums you can choose into two large categories - freshwater or saltwater - there are actually several subcategories within each of these larger options. These subcategories have a huge impact on aspects of your tank such as cost and maintenance For freshwater, some of the subcategories include: Planted tanks ‘© Biotope tanks * Cichlid tanks (African or New World) © Brackish tanks Predator tanks For saltwater, the three main subcategories are: © Fish-only tanks © Fish-only with live rock tanks (FOWLR) © Reef tanks 3.3.1 Cost: ‘When comparing freshwater and saltwater tanks, cost is what many people assume to be the main difference. There is a common perception that saltwater aquariums cost a good deal more than freshwater ones, To be quite honest, this is generally the case. Saltwater fish tend to be more expensive and these tanks tend to require additional equipment. If you choose to incorporate them, corals can also add significantly to the cost of your tank. All of these things need to be considered, but do realize that cost is relativeEANARIUM, GOA For example, a reef tank is probably going to be the most expensive of the saltwater aquariums. Therefore, if you wanted to keep the cost more in-line with a freshwater tank, you could setup a fish-only or FOWLR tank. You could also do DIY projects for much of the additional equipment required for saltwater tanks. On the flip side of this, you can certainly make a freshwater aquarium very expensive. For example, if you have a heavily planted tank, the additional lighting, carbon dioxide, and fertilizers can add up fast. African cichlid tanks can require huge amounts of rock that can be equivalent to placing live rock in your tank ina saltwater setup. 3.3.2 Size: It used to be the common belief that you could not have a saltwater tank under 50 gallons, With the rise in popularity of nano tanks, however, this is clearly no longer the case In fact many manufacturers are now making 10-30 gallon all-in-one units (example: Nano Cube HQl) specifically for saltwater use. It remains true, however, that larger tanks are easier to care for than smaller tanks due to increased water volume. This being the case, there is no significant difference between keeping a freshwater or a saltwater tank in regard to tank size 3.3.3 Water Changes: Saltwater tanks do require some additional work during water changes, mostly related to the fact that you have to mix the saltwater beforehand. This can be time consuming as the salt tends to dissolve slowly and requires you to buy a hydrometer to check the salinity level There are ways to make this process easier, however. One option is to keep saltwater mixing continuously in a large bucket, heated with a heater and circulated with a powerhead. Using this method, you will always have fresh water available for water changes. Another option is to purchase pre-mixed saltwater from the pet store, but this option is much more expensive. With freshwater aquariums, of course, you do not need to mix saltwater. You do, however, need to treat the tap water with a water purifier to remove toxic chemicals that could endanger your fish. 3.3.4 Lighting Saltwater lighting can get very expensive. Many corals require metal halide lighting which is not only expensive to buy, but is also expensive to run, However, you can stay away from high-light corals and stick with power compact lighting which is a good deal cheaper than ‘metal halide, but still more expensive than the "standard" fluorescent lighting found in many freshwater aquariums. You could also choose a fish-only aquarium where the only lighting requirement is what makes the fish look good. It should also be noted that saltwater corals. ‘generally require actinic lighting (not to mention the fact that this kind of lighting makes them really pop). Actinic lighting is not often used in freshwater setups as plants do not benefit from that portion of the spectrum and it can promote algae growth, In the freshwater world, the planted tank is the only tank that really has a lighting requirement and even in these tanks, compact fluorescents are the lighting of choice, In all otherEANARIUM, GOA freshwater aquariums, you only need the lighting that makes the tank and its inhabitants suit your tastes. No matter what tank you choose, the size and quality of the lighting system you utilize is your choice so, ultimately, you have control over how much you spend 3.3.5 Colour: There is simply no substitute for a reef aquarium in terms of color. It is just a fact that there is ‘more variety and a wider array of brightly colored fish and corals in the saltwater world. The only thing that comes close, in my opinion, is an African cichlid tank (people who do not know much about fish often mistake my cichlid tank for a saltwater tank), but even these do not have the intense color differences found in a full reef tank. There are some very colorful freshwater fish, of course, but the spectrum of color seen in freshwater fish is very different from that seen in saltwater species. 3.3.6 Variety: Again, the edge probably has to go to saltwater here. While there are certainly enough fresh water species to ensure you never get bored, it just doesn't compare to the huge array of very different looking fish and invertebrates found in saltwater setups, Being able to add corals and other odd creatures also adds to the variety found in saltwater setups. With fresh water aquariums, however, you still have plenty of options in species of fish that live at all levels of the tank - you also have your choice of invertebrates like snails and even dwarf frogs 3.3.7 Equipment: Again, you can do a saltwater setup without a great deal of additional equipment, but the average saltwater aquarium does usually use more equipment than a freshwater setup. Examples of equipment many people use in the saltwater world that are not required in freshwater include: Protein skimmer, Hydrometer. Salt mix Live rock Power heads (these can be found in many freshwater setups generally not required there), * Additional test kits (examples: alkalinity, © Sump well, but they are 3.3.8 Aquarium Dynamic: With saltwater aquariums, your tank is always evolving, When you put live rock or live sand in your tank, hitch hikers come along and you just have no idea what to expect next. Very rarely in the freshwater world (outside of snails coming with plants) do you see inhabitants in your tank that were not purchased intentionally. Itis really interesting to sit and watch your saltwater tank te see what is new. Now, along with this comes a negative because not all ofEANARIUM, GOA these hitch hikers are good (examples: Aiptasia , bristle worms, mantis shrimps, ete.). It can be hard to remove some of these bad hitch hikers which can lead to added stress. ‘One benefit that freshwater tanks have over saltwater aquariums, however, is the fact that freshwater fish are usually easier to breed. Cichlids, livebearers and other species breed prolifically in the home tank with little to no encouragement from the aquarist. Not only do you get to experience the joy of having new fish in your tank, but you also get to watch courting and mating behaviors. Saltwater fish can be very difficult to breed so you may not have as many chances to have these experiences if you don't go with a freshwater tank. 3.3.9 Ease Of Keeping: Similar to the fact that most (but not all) saltwater tanks are more expensive than fresh water, freshwater tanks are generally easier to care for. This is especially true when ‘comparing a freshwater tank toa reef setup. Again, there are counter examples (comparing a heavily planted tank to a fish-only saltwater) , but generally the variables are less complex in a freshwater setup, 3.3.10 Coral: Obviously there is nothing in the freshwater world like coral. If you just love coral then salt water is the way to go. My mother-in-law has a saltwater setup with two small clownfish and tons of coral species. She doesn't really care for fish all that much, but she loves watching the different kinds of coral in her tank. Keep in mind though that with coral comes additional maintenance. Each one of your coral species may require a different diet, light level, or current preference, You must be willing to put in the time to properly care for these creatures, 3.4 FRESHWATER AQUARIUM SETUP: 3. All freshwater aquariums require similar basies - a good tank, a solid stand, quality accessories and maintenance tools. But to determine which kind of what items you need, first consider the aquatic life you want to keep’. Freshwater fish come in all shapes. and sizes with wide ranging requirements for their living conditions. Betta fish prefer smaller tanks with 1 Essentials & Accessories: almost no current while Oscar cichlids need lots of room to grow and can swim in water with low currents. Understanding the needs of the fish you want will make choosing your tank essentials and accessories that much easier 3.4.2) Aquarium Furniture - Tanks & Stands: The size of your tank depends on a tot of different factors : how much space do you have, how much weight can you manage (a gallon of water weighs nearly 9 Ibs.) and most importantly what kind of aquatic life you want to keep. If your only limiting factor is fish type, remember that most freshwater fish require at least one gallon for every adult inch they are long: some species like gold fish require moreFurniture Type OCEANARIUM, GOA TABLE 1 Description Desktop tanks Compact design and footprint. Ideal for a limited number of small fish May include built-in filter and/or light. ‘Standard aquariums May include built-in filter and/or light Larger tanks requires strong stands for support. Glass or acrylic. Kits Includes tank and at least one of the following : filter, hood, lamp, start-up conditioner, food. Filtration and lighting may be built into the system. Great for first-time aquarists. Stands Made with wood , metal or both, Reinforced designs to hold up heavy tanks. May include supply shelves, Cabinets Stands designed with closed cabinet and shelves for storage. Disereetly hides food and maintenance equipment. Available in a variety of sizes to suit different aquariums, Canopy/Cabinet Sombo 3.4.3 loods & Lighting ‘Two-piece set for large aquariums Cabinet holds supplies or equipment Canopies frame tank and allow access to waterline Lights brighten your tank so you can enjoy your fish throughout the day. If you want a planted tank, you may prefer certain types of lights over others. Some kits include hoods and lamps, but you can always customize your own setup with different light fixtures and bulbs. Hood & Lighting Type TABLE 2 Description Hood Covers tank to prevent fish escapes and evaporation Often designed to house lights or bulbs Adjustable designs available Fluorescent bulb Most popular aquarium lighting choiceEANARIUM, GOA Great for most freshwater aquariums Come in a wide variety of spectrums Some versions ideal for planted aquariums Halide bulb Ideal for planted aquariums May produce excess heat Requires special fixtures for proper use Stands Made with wood, metal or both Reinforced designs to hold up heavy tanks May include supply shelves TED amp, “Typically longest lifespan of aquarium lighting systems More energy efficient ‘May allow for light color customization Incandescent bulb 3.4.4 Filters & Media Thexpensive lighting option| Easily found and replaceable Uses more electricity and produces more heat compared to other bulb types Filters are key to keeping your tank clean and healthy. Determining the size of your tank and the needs of your fish will help you decide what filter system to get. More powerful filters are great for larger tanks .while smaller tanks or more delicate fish may require a less powerful filter. FILTER TYPE TABLE3 DESCRIPTION Canister filter External filter system with a variety of mounting and installation options Powerful pump for large aquariums ‘Three-stage filtration media can be replaced separately Power filters Standard over-the-edge tank filters Available ina variety of sizes Replace filter media as needed Mechanical filters strain debris, waste, uneaten food, etc. Biological filters foster healthy bacteria that break down ammonia and nitrites Chemical filters remove toxins that cause odor and water discolorationEANARIUM, GOA 3.4.5 Climate Control Freshwater fish have all different tolerances for water temperature. Some like it tropically ‘warm, and some like it cool. And it’s not just a matter of preference .their environment impacts their health and behavior. Learn about the type of fish you want to keep and what their ideal water temperature is, A thermometer and the right equipment can help you keep your fish happy and healthy. TABLE3 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION ‘Thermometer Helps you monitor water temperature In-tank or external options available Digital options available Heater Helps regulate tank temperature External and submersible heating options available Ideal for tropical tanks or cool climates ‘¢ Adjustable thermostats offer precise temperature control Chiller ‘© Ideal for coldwater tanks or warm climates ‘Typically used for larger tanks Expensive piece of equipment 3.4.6 Maintenance & Accessories TABLES EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION ‘Air pump systems ‘© Oxygenates and circulates water Create a stream or curtain of bubbles ‘* Connect powered pumps to air stone with airline tubing and check valve to prevent backflow. Gravel vacuum * Cleans waste and detritus from substrate * Change water while you clean Variety of sizes available to suit your tank ‘* Cleans algae and other deposits on tank walls * Specially made to not damage tanks © Pads available for both glass and acrylic tanks Net ‘* Makes moving aquatic life easy ‘© Designed to safely catch aquatic life ‘¢ Various sizes available to suit your aquatic life and tank ‘Test kits ‘© Measures pH, ammonia, nitrate and more ‘* Provides a snapshot of the health of your aquarium3.4.7 Water Additive: Water right out of the t EANARIUM, GOA Scientifically accurate and easy to use fap isn't ready fo go into your tank. Conditioners, dechlorinators, beneficial bacteria and more help to transform your water into a fish-safe environment Additive TABLES Description Algae removers Helps to control algae blooms Keeps water clean and clear Beneficial bacteria Provides tanks with healthy live bacteria Supports natural processes like waste breakdown and lank cyeling Chlorine & heavy metal removers Neutralizes harmful chlorine from tap water Use when starting tank or preparing for water changes Ammonia & chloramine removers ‘Neutralizes harmful ammonia and chloramine from tank water Condition water for new tanks or water changes Live plant additives Promotes growth in planied aquariums May include fertilizers and nutrie-nts pH conditioners Thereases or decreases tank water pH deal for fish that prefer slightly acidic or alkaline water Clarifters 3.4.8 DECOR Eliminates causes of cloudy water Conditions tank water When all the essentials are in pface, it's time to add the bells and whistles. Decorate your tank with ornaments, silk plants, backgrounds and substrate of all colors to create a completely unique look for your aquarium inhabitants Decor types Resin, rock & driftwood ‘ornaments TABLET Description Wide variety of shapes, sizes, colors and designs Can provide hideaways or cover for fish Provides interest and enrichment for fish “Artificial Plants Plastic and silk fish-safe plants Creates a more natural look without the maintenance requirements of live plantsEANARIUM, GOA * Wide variety of sizes, shapes and colors Backgrounds ‘* Adheres to the back wall of tank © Choose from natural or fun scenes Gives the impression of depth and texture Gravel & Substrate Variety of textures, shapes and colors ‘* Provides a surface for beneficial bacteria to colonize ‘* Sand, gravel and artificial substrates available 3.5 FACTORS AFFECTING THE DESIG ‘An oceanarium involves more complex site design than that of an aquarium. It is a complex that generated a stimulating environment where people can observe marine life in its natural habitat with the complete underwater landscape 3.5.1 PLANNING A well designed oceanarium must incorporate smooth facilitation of process and smooth circulation of people since there are chances of it being crowded so that spaces must be well designed and spacious. There are mainly 2 types of area’ ‘© Public Area - Area with the most circulation consisting of all the exhibits and the recreational area ‘© Services Area -All the area required for maintaining the display area for the proper functioning of oceanarium . This area should be usually kept out of sight of the visitors. 3.5.2. CRICULATION Main principle includes convenience, safety and aesthetics. Convenience suggests speed when desired. Easy smooth working of various operations medical checking guaranteeing to be provided from acoustical and visual nuisance © A well designed Oceanarium must provide enough space for smooth circulation of various process involved in running, adequate things, efficient ventilation and satisfactory sound insulation. Scientifically perceived scheme of setting up the tank in harmony with the surroundings to please the visitor's eye. ‘* Attention should be given for various necessary operations - such as incoming specimens their medical checking and quarantining if necessary. ‘© Other important function includes imparting knowledge of the specimen displayed through informative themes by grouping the specimens of same type. ‘Its important that the exit is convenient to public and should not open into an area which would lead to their confusion and should not open near the services area, It should open into an open area in case of any emergency. 3.6 AQUATIC NEED:OCEANARIUM, GOA ‘Common Information About Fishes: Ph value of the water should be checked regularly (ph at 7.2 to 8.5) ‘Temperature should not be more than 280 c. Pool should be designed in a way that rapid filling and emptying can take place. Water of the pool should be kept separate from the waste water of the soil and roof run offs Salinity checks should take place at timely intervals and should be between 18 to 36 gms Bacterial content of the pool should be monitored and should be kept low as much as possible it should not exceed 50 per 1000ml, Total filtration turnover time should not exceed 4 hours. FEEDIGN INFORMATION Food chart should be maintained, where diet of each fish is noted down. Every species of fish have different diet and food should be given accordingly .they should be fed at least once in 3 days. Food given to small fishes living in large groups should be measured in grams and an account of the amount of food given should be kept. Food should be of wholesome and of standard quality it should have the nutritionalvalue to keep the fish healthy. Food should be prepared with care that no bacterial contamination takes place food kept in freezer should be kept at 280 and should be used at the appropriate time, care should be taken that the food does not expire. HYGIENE CARE A\ll the walls and the floors should be cleaned on daily basis, no food particles should ‘re- main at the bottom of the tanks. Water should be clean for the fishes. Kitchen area should be washed daily and all the utensils should be cleaned on daily HEALTH CHECKUPS Programs to measure illness prevention and control must be set up regularly. Fishes should be observed, the way they swim or the change of skin color or diet may suggest illness. Newly arrived dolphins should be kept apart fiom others until good health is assured Isolation pools must be set up for ill or sick fishes, A health record for fishes should be kept with all the required data. An autopsy should be carried out by a vet when an animal dies. ‘Temperature: For economic reasons, itis desirable to maintain an even temperature throughout the Oceanarium and is best for the health of fish.EANARIUM, GOA ‘© Most fishes need temperature of 74-78 degree Fahrenheit depending on the season, ‘Temperature of 72f (260¢ - 280c) is compatible for visitors and will. permit automatic maintenance of display tanks at same temperature. ‘© Avoid mercury thermometer cause it might break and poison the tank, During winters heaters and during summers coolers shall be used © Water circulation must be sufficient to diffuse heat evenly. This circulation must be maintained either by aeration or by an adequate number of fishes active enough to censure this. 3.6.6 Lighting: © Lighting is very important for an aquarium and is always neglected having the appropriate © Light stimulates natural daylight in the tank, ‘© Florescent lights the best light in the tank they don't let the fish go awol ,they are also very easy to install n make feeding n cleaning of the tank very easy. Avoid incandescent lights as they give of too much heat which could stress the fish as well as evaporates more water from the tank. 3.7 WATER SUPPLY ‘STEM: ‘There are 3 types of water supply system © Open water system * Semi-closed water system © Closed water system Open Water System * Inopen systems the water flows through the aquarium once and is discarded This provides water quality comparable to that of the natural environment and there is no buildup of toxic metabolic wastes however, temperature control and pumping are usually costly and filtration often is necessary. Hence an open system is not preferred. Filteration| 3.7.2. Semi-Closed Water System: * Semis closed are the same as closed systems except that there is a constant connectionEANARIUM, GOA to the water supply and the problem of dissolved wastes is controlled by the regular addition of new water, this system is more economical than the open type in terms of temperature control and pumping. Filteration Closed Water System: ‘Water is continuously re-circulated in closed systems and is only renewed periodically. Metabolic wastes must be treated since they are not continuously flushed from the system, An import ant problem is that ammonia must be rapidly removed or transformed because it is harmful even at very low concentrations. In the aquarium the bacteria that converts ammonia to nitrite reside primarily in the filter material and a slow sand filter with a large surface area is usually provided to ensure their abundance. Plant growth in the aquarium, especially in marine systems are not usually sufficient to utilize the en tire nitrate produced by bacteria from nitrite. Although some aquariums have operated many years with a minimum of water renewal it is normally necessary to replace from 1 to 10 % of the water per month to maintain a low level of nitrates. ‘The use of charcoal in both fresh water and seawater system helps to slow down the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes. Metabolic wastes also cause an increase in the acidity of water. Carbonate compounds are commonly used to maintain an optimal level of acidity, particularly. Filteration 3.8 FILTERATION AND LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS:EANARIUM, GOA In nature tidal fluctuations, current, incorporation by plant and algae life and many other processes help in the removal of animal wastes. A sustainable life support technology must rely upon the principles of water mechanical 3.8.1 Biological Filtration: It is the conversion of the nitrogenous wastes such as ammonia (NH3) or nitrate (N02) into less harmful nitrates or nitrogen gas. This is accomplished through the action of the bacteria living on suitable substrate such as gravel bed or plastic structures called bio-media 3.8.2. Mechanical Filtratior Itis the removal of the dissolved suspended particles from the water by some type of filter or medium such as sand or floss, a rapid sand Filter is an example of mechanical particles, ration as it uses a layer of sand and fine coal to stop 3.8.3 Chemical Filtration: Itis the removal of the dissolved organic compounds. Dissolved organic materials can cause the water to have a yellowish appearance. This is remedied by using ab activated carbon filter, a foam fractional or ozone. Many harmful compounds and medications can be removed through chemical filtration When it comes to creating a healthy environment for marine fish, mammals & inverte brates biological filtration is by far the most critical consideration, While chemical and mechanical filtration plays important roles they are primarily supplemental to and support-ive of the biological process. The best designs should not only result in the crystal clear water that every visitors and curator ‘wants to see, but also the stable and sustainable water quality that closely parallels a natural aquatic environment, Indicators of a stable environment can be identified, by but are not limited to common water quality criteria, including water temperature. Indicators of a stable envirorunent can be identified by, but are not limited to, common water quality criteria, including water temperatures dissolved oxygen, pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), While these are common water quality indicators, the life support engineer knows how the design approach will change when creating a system that must sustain animals as diverse as a delicate moon jellyfish and a. 1,500 pound manatee 3.9 MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TANK © Acrylic is half the weight of glass. It is easier to ship, move and set up. Acrylic is stronger than glass and will not shatter or leak like glass * Acrylic distorts much less and is clearer than glass,EANARIUM, GOA * If the temperature objects is surrounded by another mater ial that has the same index of refraction will take place, and the object will appear invisible and without distortion even at increased viewing angles. * Reflections also don't take place inside an acrylic. Glass in other hand has a slight tint and the refractive index of glass is different than water so distortion happens where in acrylic has the same refractive index as water so the view is much clearer. © The huge clear acrylic used as the viewing window is about 12 inches thick. * Acrylic are also very good because they provide light to penetrate inside which is good for the coral reef system ‘© Acrylic is also used cause it does not allow water temperature fluctuation. * Acrylic is also used because it has a better molecular bond than glass. Any custom made shape can be made out of acrylic sheet. 3.10 TANK DIMENSIONS: 3.10.1 Tank Length : ‘This is the most important factor in a tank, since it is the dimension which will keep fish as far apart as possible and give them enough space to swim around in the tank especially for cruise predators .The tank should have a minimum of 5x adult fish body length (FL) as its long dimension with 20 em of fish length being the bare minimum. A further 20-50% extra length should be added if the fish is a cruise predator (30%) or of itis extremely aggressive (+20%), Factors of 1.3, 1.2 and 1.5 respectively. Ifa fish is a poor swimmer then we can get along with just 5x without any additional length despite the aggression factor. Proper information must be acquired of the species which are going to be exhibited in the tank, An extra 10-20% in the L value (Factor 1,1- 1.2) should be added if more than one specimen of the same species has to be kept in the tank. One should also consider that unlike mammals for instance fishes have indeterminate growth. The fishes growth slows down eventually but it will continue to grow as long as it lives. Therefore a confirmed maximum size may be routinely exceeded in captivity, and this too shall be allowed for in sizing the tank. (On the other hand for a really mild mannered fish kept in a peaceful community tank one can reduce the 5x factor to 4x but it should be ensured that the fish Doesn’t become aggressive. One cannot house a predator with its natural prey in the same tank will not save the later no matter what the tank volume is,OCEANARIUM, GOA ‘Thus for a single specimen, where L Tank Length FL Expected maximum fish length Peaceful fish, peaceful tankmates L=FLx4 Aggressive fish, good swimmers L=FLxSx12 Aggressive fish, poor swimmers L=FLx5 Aggressive fish, cruise predators L=FLx5x 15 Mild temperament, cruise predators L=FLxSx 13 Pair of aggressive fish, cruise predators. | L=FLx5x 15x 12t 3.10.2 Tank Width: ‘The tank should have a minimum of | .2x adult fish body length as the width. With fish which have a body width over 5 om, the factor should be 1.3x adult fish length while for fish body over 10cm the factor should be 1.4x.For any additional 10 cm in body, the factor should be increased by 0.1. Thus a red tail catfish with a body width of 30+ ems should have a factor of 1 6x (Since the adult fish has a length of 120cm,this becomes a 192 em width).The resulting values take the volume occupied by common aquascaping into account. ‘Thus for a single speciment, where WwW Tank width FL Expected maximum fish length Fish body width < Sem W=FLx 12 Sem < Fish body width < 10 em W=FLx 13 10cm < Fish body width < 20cm W=FLx 14 Fish body width - 40 em W=FLx 17OCEANARIUM, GOA 3.10.3 Tank Height: For height it is recommended a bare minimum of 20 cms and then to add up 2.5x Fish body height (FH) for a fish body height of less than Sem and 3.5x for fishes with a body height over Semis For a fish that stays at the bottom a factor of 2x Body height should be used Thus for a single specimen, where H Tank Height FH Expected maximum fish height Fish body height < Sem H= 20cms + (FH x 2.5) Fish body height > Sem H= 20cms + (FH x 3.5) Fish body height < Sem H= 20cms + (FH x 2) eg, Catfish or Freshwater Ray Fish body height > Sem H=20cms + (FH x 2) eg, Stingrays ‘Thus for fish over 20-25 cms in adult body length the tank size should be calculated by the formula L x W x Has previously described. L = 70x 5x 1.5 =525 ems H Result = 4.630 litres Pair = 5,093 litres Buta tank for same species which is usually aggressive but not a good swimmer then formula gives: L = 50 x 5=250 ems w = 60 ems H = 60 cms Result = 900 litres For apair additional 10% should be added which gives a result of 990 litres.EANARIUM, GOA If more than one species are to be kept together then calculations should be made seperately for each species and then choose the largest volume as the correct one, provided that the species are compatible. What we get is ofcourse the right tank for the species demanding the most volume. Then add 5-10% water volume for each additional individual The need of'a manual override of the above formulas in the case of a species with a specific, ‘odd or unique requirement when kept in captivity. A good example of this is the elephant nose fish. This species will reach a final length of 35ems and should be housed in a tank with a length of approximately 80 em, This kind of tank usually has a capacity of 75-80 litres of water, However this species is a schooling fish and is found in fairly large schools of nature. Keeping less than 6 individuals in a tank will be most probably result in increased intra specific aggression and territorial behavior. Keeping six or more of them will spread this behavior equally among them and therefore there will be fewer fights in the tank. Keeping six of those fishes in 80 litres tank is not an option. The fish is carnivorous and six of them will present an enormous bio load that will challenge any filteration. sysytem Therefore some crucial factors for estimating the tank size that will keep some species thriving in captivity for many years. This will help scientist study their behavior and the patterns they follow furthermore)CEANARIUM, GOA CHAPTER - 4 CASE STUDY GEORGIA AQUARIUM, USA, SHANGHAI OCEAN AQUARIUM, CHINA COMPARATIVE ANALYSISOCEANARIUM, GOA 4 CASE STUDY 4.1 GEORGIA AQUARIUM Project : Georgia Aquarium Location: Atlanta, Georgia , U.S Architect : PVAG Architects Area : 36421 sq.mt Floor 2 Built year: 21.08.2003 - Bote Ome 23.11.2005 Figure 11:Approach ste Total species : 700 Figure 12:Outside View Of Building Facade 4.1.1 Site Layout: The site plan of Georgia Aquarium consist ofa single building in a 9 acres of land surrounded by a mix landscape over its one side and having a multilevel parking provided at the back of the building 4.1.2 About: The Georgia Aquarium houses 120,000 animals, representing 700 species, in 8.5 million US gallons (32,000 m3) of marine and fresh water. It was the worlds largest oceanarium when it opened in 2005Figure 13:Tropical Fish ot © & ® * a & e i @: PLAN Figure 14:Touch Pool Figure 15:Georgia Aquarium Floor Plan OCEANARIUM, GOAOCEANARIUM, GOA Its features a number of touch pool tanks with ray and shark as well as exhibits featuring sea turtles and the wildlife of gray's reef-a national marine sanctuary off the Georgia coast. © There are six different galleries exhibited, ‘The six galleries are 1, Georgia Explore 2. Tropical Driver 3. Ocean Voyager 4. Coldwater Quest 5. River Scout 6. Dolphin Tales 4.1.2.1 Georgia Explorer: 412. Visiting the California sea lions in “Georgia Explorer”, a new exhibit that highlights this charismatic species. ‘Trainers will interact with this notably social species of pinniped while educating guests on the dangers the face in the wild Figure 16-Georgia Explorer 2 Tropical Divers: Escape to the tropies and engage your guests in the relaxing and intimate menu as they are mesmerized by one of the largest living reef exhibits in the world. ‘The living corals and thousands of tropical reef fish in this gallery represents a coral reef ecosystem in the tropical Pacific, complete ith an overhead crashing wave. Figure 17: Tropical diver4.1.2.3 Ocean Voyager: © While walking through an acrylic tunnel or standing in front of a gigantic acrylic viewing window, and visitor will fell like a scuba diver in an endless blue sea, ‘mesmerized by thousands of fish swimming overhead. * Ocean Voyager is home to the gentle giants of the sea, including whale sharks and ‘manta rays: 4.124 Cold Quest: ‘* Transport the visitors to the Arctic as they experience a reception or seated dinner among the chilly unknown + The coldest ocean teem with wildlife like the weedy seadragon, beluga whale, giant pacific octopus and Japanese spider crab. 4.12.5 River Scout + Rivers are a source of life for animals and people throughout the world + Inthe River Scout gallery, visitor will discover the wide diversity of animals found in the rivers and lakes of Africa, South America, Asia and the state of Georgia OCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 18:Ocean Voyager RIVER SCOUT igure 20: River Scout 4941.2.6 Dolphin Tales 413 OCEANARIUM, GOA Dolphin Tales is a high energy, fun and exciting experience. In this live presentation, the dolphins at Georgia Aquarium showcase some impressive behaviors and demonstrate their relationships with their trainers while incorporating an educational message about bottlenose dolphins Figure 21:Dolphin Tales Services: The water pipes of 24"at 3m c/e on periphery and 62"at the bottom are installed ‘The lighting is been done at the bottom and at the top by using lamps. ‘The maintained is been check by a bay been running over the I - section installed to the roof structure. Advance Technologies: The construction of the Aquarium presented many challenges to radio signal coverage. Basically, the Aquarium is a hollow structure, constructed of steel reinforced conerete walls up to four feet thick, surrounding an expansive main atrium with a 50 foot high ceiling, ‘The animal habitats, clustered around the main atrium, require more than eight million Feature: Its feature living corals and thousands of colorful reef fish in a recreating tropical pacitie coral reef, completed with overhead crashing wave. It features an overhead river where visitors can see north American fishes from the bottom up in addition to local specimens this exhibits displays pirahna, electric fish and other unusual freshwater life. Number of staff More than 500 full-time and part-time employees and 2,000 volunteer staff members keep the Aquarium operating on a seven-day a week schedule that alsoEANARIUM, GOA includes unique guest overnight stay events and a kids’ conservation education program. Operations, security, education, maintenance, veterinary and staff training, administration personnel Fun Facts about the Georgia Aquarium: The Aquarium’s filtration system contains more than 70 miles of pipe, enough to more than encircle the city of Atlanta on the 1-285 loop. ‘The heating and air conditioning system has 4300 tons of cooling capacity, enough to cool over 1400 average-sized homes, Plumbing systems include 290 plumbing fixtures, 200 floor drains and 53 roof drains. ‘The Georgia Aquarium's habitats hold the equivalent water volume to more than 100 million cans of Coke. ‘The drains are connected by 1.5 miles of underground pipe and 5.5 miles of aboveground pipe. Approximately 230 newly constructed average-sized American homes can fit inside the Georgia Aquarium. In the Aquarium's life support systems, there are 506 pumps using over 5,500 horsepower to move more than 300,000 gallons of water every minute. The water is ‘moved through 187 sand filters, 91 protein skimmers and 76 towers. 4.1.8 Inferences: Positive aspect Negative aspect Planning = The high emphasized = No use of direct sunlight at entrance make the first fell | any of the part for visitors. very interesting, - The proper area distribution | - The galleries because of not to different areas make the | been interconnected some conditions less choric for the | makes feel tiredness for users. The panoramic view all | visitors the zones fiom a single point keep the interest unbeaten. Circulation The presence of all the ‘The multidirectional galleries and other stuff'on | movement of the public from the same level make the the same atrium can make the circulation a bit non conditions unsuitable. confusing as a cyclonical point of viewServices ~ use of closed filtration system helps the reduction in cost of the water treatment illumination done using different lights with the tank base helps to observe the marine life more prominently OCEANARIUM, GOA ‘Aesthetics ~ The structure is the combination of different forms that give complete justice to the functional aspects. ~ The use of light at the external facade makes its more interesting to wateh at night The form again does not do justice with the water asa theme until and unless one goes insideOCEANARIUM, GOA 4.2 SHANGHAI OCEAN AQUARIUM: Project Shanghai Ocean Aquarium Location Pudong Special Development Zone Shanghai,China Architect: Cam Crossley Area 8400 sq.mt Floor 4 Built year © 1999 - 2002 Total species : 450 Figure 23:Tunnel view of travellator Figure 24:Tunnel view of escallator 4.2.1 About The Project: ‘* This prestigious project was completed in 2002, and is located immediately adjacent Shanghai's most significant tourist attraction the Oriental Pearl Tower in Pudong, Shanghai ‘The theme, “Across Continents through Worlds of Water” captures the essence of the broad scope of exhibits on display in the facility * Beginning with the China Zone, visitors pass through representative countries of South America, Australia, Africa and the temperate zones that show coldwater fish and later, penguins © The sea provides the theme for the second phase of the visitor's experience where they view some of the more unusual life from color changing giant cuttlefish and baby sharks to the giant Japanese spider crabs and the miniature seahorses of the seaweed forest ‘© The climax of the visitors experience is the showcase oceanarium consisting of 120 mt of travellator passing through five contrasting marine environments: the coastal reef, the open ocean, the kelp cave, shark cove, and the coral reef. This awesome experience is one of the longest aquarium tunnel exhibits in the world4.2.2 Floor Sequence SECOND FLOOR, FIRST FLOOR GROUND FLOOR BASEMENT FLOOR OCEANARIUM, GOAOCEANARIUM, GOA 4.2.3. Detail Floor Plans: 4.2.3.1 Basement Floor Plan: Figure 25.Basement FloorOCEANARIUM, GOA 42.32 Ground Floor Plan Tourist Center FE Bae Figure 26:Ground Floor PlanOCEANARIUM, GOA 42.33. First Floor Plan: Polar Zone Figure 27:First Floor Plan beOCEANARIUM, GOA 42.3.4 Second Floor Plan: Saas Figure 28:Second Floor PlanOCEANARIUM, GOA 4.2.4 Different Regions of Shanghai Ocean Aquarium: This Aquarium is basically divided into 8 regions namely: Deep Ocean Region Sea And Shore Region ‘Australia Region Southeast Asian Region Cold Water Region South America Region Polar Region China Region ReNe nD eran 4.2.5 Deep Ocean Regions: Descending into the depths of the ocean you are transported along one of the ‘world’s longest travelators as you enjoy the panoramic view offered by our underwater viewing tunnels, Experience the spectacular marine life in close proximity as you complete the final leg of your “underwater journey" Figure 29:Deep Ocean Region 4.2.6 Sea And Shore Region: This display contains an astonishing variety ‘of marine species, many of them very colorful and each with their own unique characteristics. Among them visitors will find the Horseshoe Crab also known as a “Living Fossil”, the shy but beautiful Weedy Seadragon Figure 30:Sea And Shore Region42.7 Australia Region: ‘There are hundreds of different species of fresh water fish in Australia and most of them cannot be found in any other country in the world. This is because millions of year ago the Australian continent has been separated from other land masses, thus the fishes living there could not crossbred with the fishes from other continents, 42.8 Southeast Asian Region: ‘The Southeast Asian tropical rainforest is one of the world's oldest tropical rainforests, high forest coverage, the ‘magnificent natural landscape and rich biodiversity, rich food and an ideal habitat for biological living here ground. 4.2.9 Cold Water Region: ‘The Cold Water Zone is made up of one single display tank that houses our spotted seals. The half-arch shape of this acrylic tank is another unique design in our aquarium, and enables visitors to observe the spotted seals from an underwater viewing environment. OCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 31:Australia Region Figure 32:Southeast Asian Region Figure 33:Cold Water Region4.2.10 South Ame South America has the largest type and quantity of freshwater fish. Arapaima_as one of the largest freshwater scaly bony fish also thrived here 4.2.11 Polar Regi With the cold icy wind blowing across your face as you climb over the white-snow- ‘covered mountains, you know you have arrived at the Polar Zone to meet our cute and cuddly penguins. 4.2.12 China Region: ‘Shanghai Ocean Aquarium is the only ‘aquarium in the world which has a separate ‘area to display endangered Chinese aquatic animals. Exhibit species include, for instance, the Chinese Sturgeon, Chinese Suckerfish, Yangtze Alligator and Chinese Giant Salamander OCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 34:South America Region Figure 36 China RegionOCEANARIUM, GOA 4.213 Services: ‘© Ground level constitute the overall service area of shanghai ocean aquarium along with the extra supporting area on each floor. + Services provided included architectural design and documentation, co-ordination of aquarium specialist works requirements, interior design of exhibit spaces, exhibit design, design of graphics and interpretive panels, preparation of tender documentation for aquarium specialist works, interiors and special exhibitory Contract administration of specialist works Figure 38 Figure 37 Water Supply: + Water is been distributed the overhead hanging pve pipes needing at least a free space of 3m above clear height.. It has closed filtration system + Instead of direct sunlight fluorescent tubes and large noen lamps are been used all time in accordance to duranal and noctural usage. + Plant is been setup at basement adjacent to the main building and duct are exposed to the surrounding as a interior treatment. The supporting area are kept with special provision for both heating and cooling. + The walls from the inner side have high acoustic ‘eatment so that the sound of water flowing through and working staff doe outside at the galleries arena + Tolimit the consumption of water, the 8 million gallons (30283 kl) of tanks in the aquarium use a semi-closed system with manufactured sea water which allows as much water as possible to be reused + Water is replaced from local sources only when required due to evaporation ‘travel 4.2.15 Aquatic Life Support: * 6.2 million (23 470 kl) gallons to fill open ocean tank + Sd in, (1.4 m) diameter piping + 218 pumps (4,160 hp (3102 kW] to circulate 261,000 gpm (16 469 /s}) + 4,035 valves + 25 miles of wiringOCEANARIUM, GOA 3 pump water motion system circulating 29,500 gpm (1861/s) 24 in. thick acrylic viewing wall weighing 238,000 Ibs (107955 kg) and 34 saltwater and 11 fresh water tanks holding 8 million gallons (30 283 kl) for 100,000 fish, Recommended Itinerary: ‘After buying tickets on the first floor, visitors start the tour of the main building by going up to the third floor, ultimately making their way down to the basement. ‘The third floor has seven exhibition areas, ie. the VIP hall, science education room and a waterfall “The China, South America, Australia zones and Special Exhibitions Zone are also located on this floor. ‘The second floor has the Africa, Southeast Asia, Cold Water and Polar Zones. The Sea and Shore exhibit is also located here. The basement is the main part of the aquarium where Deep Ocean Zone is located. The submarine viewing tunnel enables visitors to have a wonderfull tour here, Afler touring the basement, visitors may return to the first floor for meals and to purchase souveniors and gifts 4.2.17 Areas: Site Area - 8,400m2 Building Area - 20,000m2 over 5 Levels Major Exhil Area Coastal Reef, Kelp Cave, Shark Cove = 2,200 m3 ‘Coral Reef Aquarium’ ~ 700 m3 ‘Open Ocean = 330 m3 Under The Amazon = 240 m3 Exhibit Tank ~ 650 m3 Australian Billabong = 217 m3 Under The Coldwater Stream - 110 m3 Penguin Encounter = 100 m3 Chinese Alligator - Ancient Survivor =25 m3 Endangered Chinese Freshwater Fishes ~65m3 Various Small Marine And Fresh Water “19 in total 10-50 m3 typically AquariumsOCEANARIUM, GOA 4.2.18 Acrylic Panel Dimension: Tanks Dimensions Coastal Reef, Kelp Cave, Shark Cove 180° 66.0.x 24mg tunnel Coral Reef Aquarium - 180° tunnel 23.0x 24mg ‘Open Ocean - Flat Panel 80x 4.65 x 027m Under the Amazon - 180° tunnel 12.0x2.4m¢ Australian Billabong Inclined 180° tunnel: 120x2.4m¢ Flat Panel 90x 16x 008m Under the coldwater Stream - 90° tunnel 9.6 x 0.75mR Penguin Encounter - Flat Panel 10x29x0.12m Chinese Alligator- Ancient Survivor 50x 1.83.x0.07m Cantilevered Panels 42x2.0x0.09m Endangered Chinese Freshwater Fishes Flat 3.0 x 14x 0.07m Panels 4.2.19 Inferences: The basic challenge for designing the aquarium was dealing with the extremely technical nature of the designs while meeting the client requirement for a creative theme. The team continually balanced creativity with practicality. The result is a world-class aquarium with a safe and comfortable environment for animals and humans4.3 Comparative Analysis OCEANARIUM, GOA Case Study Georgia Aquarium, USA Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, China Site Shape Trapezoidal Rectangular Entrance | Well defined multiplied Well defined Landscape _ | Prominent soft+ hard Surroundings | Mid of city Near Oriental Pearl Tower Building Form Combination of wedges and Typical compositions arculoid Aesthetics Attractive Attractive Material Glass cladding Grid plastering with glass Skyline Interesting Interesting, Number Six Eleven Types ~ Georgia explore = Deep Ocean Region - Tropical diver - Ocean voyager = Cold-water quest - River scout = Dolphin tales - Africa Region - Southeast Asia Region - Cold Water Region - Polar Region - China Region ~ South Ameria Region - Australian Region Circulation = Unidirectional = Well defineCHAPTER - 5 Area ProgrammingOCEANARIUM, GOA 5 AREA PROGRAMMING SPACE ‘COUNT, AREA . Entrance Lobby Ticket Counter ‘Touch Pool Waiting Space Admin Department Directors Cabin Executive Manager Cabin Conference Room General Manager Accountants Cabin’ Chief Engineers Cabin Assistant Engineer Store Engineering Staff CCTV Room Changing Room Locker Room Staff Toilet Internal Exhibit Space Giant Tank Exhibit ‘Tropical Fish Exhibit Reptiles Exhibit Octopus Exhibit Jelly Fish Exhibit Penguin Exhibit Sea Lion Exhibit 180° Tunnel 360° Tunnel Sting Ray Exhibit Touch Pool Star Fish Exhibit Sea Horse ExhibitOCEANARIUM, GOA Coral Reef Exhibit Visitors Toilet Seating & Rest Area . Outdoor Exhibit Space elsele Mugger Pond Turtle Pond Life Support System Of Exhibit Space Giant Tank Exhibit ‘Tropical Fish Exhibit Reptiles Exhibit Octopus Exhibit Jelly Fish Exhibit Penguin Exhibit Sea Lion Exhibit 180° Tunnel 360° Tunnel Sting Ray Exhibit Star Fish Exhibit Sea Horse Exhibit Coral Reef Exhibit Mugger Pond ‘Turtle Pond Store & Maintenanace Pathology Lab Fish Hospital Food Storage Cold Storage ‘Quarantine Tanks Store Room Restaurant Kitchen Serving Counter Bar Counter WaitingOCEANARIUM, GOA H Dolphinarium Seating 150 Dolphin Pool Maintenance Area Parking Space 2 Wheeler Parking 4 Wheeler Parking Electrical Electrical Room Generator Room AHU. K Site Security Roomaaa ReR )CEANARIUM, GOA CHAPTER - 6 SITE ANALYSIS LOCATION ROAD WORK BUILT v/s OPEN VEGETATION BUILT HEIGHT BUILT USE PLAN SITE6.1 6.1.2 OCEANARIUM, GOA 6 SITE ANALYSIS LOCATION: About Goa: state: Goa, India Capital: Panjim Established: 1987 Area; 3,702 km2 {1,429 sq mi) Population: 1,457,723 {2011 Goa Map: Goa is located on the western coast of India in the coastal belt known as Konkan, Itis bounded by the state of Maharastra to the north, and. by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian sea forms its western coast. ‘The magnificent scenic beauty and the architectural splendors of its temples, churches and old houses igure! 32, G0s Bap: have made Goa favorite with travelers around the world About Panjim: Area : 3599 sq.km Population : 90,000 (2011) Established: 1843 Latitude : sea level Languages : Konkani, Marathi, Hindi, English. Religion: Hinduism, Christianity, Islam About Panjii Panjim is the capital of the Goa, It lies on the banks of the Mondovi Estuary in the district of north Goa. Figure 40:Panjim Map6.13 OCEANARIUM, GOA With a population of 65000, (A ‘metropolitan population of 100,000 if suburbs are included) Panjim is Goa's third largest city after Vasco-da-gama & Madgaon, About Miramar : Lying against the estuary of the river Mondovi, itis just 3 km from Panajim the north of the state and 2 km away from Dona Paula Also known as, Gasper Dias, itis a lovely golden beach of soft sand, occupied by a thick grove of shady palms, facing the blue Arabian Sea and forming a dense canopy over the area ‘The most captivating, view is created, when this 2 km long coast of fine, soft & silvery sand bed sparkles in the moonlight. It is proposed site for oceanarium in year 1998 to welcome tourist attraction Itis situated in city center along the sea on sand dune. It is 2km from kala academy which host the IFFI yearly (00a scien SPUANET? IRAMAR LA OCEANA COLONY ftnive each “igi Figure 43:Dona Paula Figure 41-Miramar MapOCEANARIUM, GOA 62 ROAD NETWORK: HE primary TS secondary Tertiary 63 BUILT V/S OPEN FJ Bat HE OrenOCEANARIUM, GOA 64 VEGETATION: Land BUILT HEIGHT : [5 Sinwle Stored EEE] Double Stored | More Than Double StoriedOCEANARIUM, GOA 6.6 Built Use Plan: Residemiat Religious N HE Commercial Public I HM stitutional = 7] Open Land GD Muse = EE Mandovi River ;67 SIT! an Figure 44:Site Plan Residential Educational Public building Hotels Religious Hospitals 6.7.3 Sewage & Drainage: 22% 32% 19% 8% 12% 4% 3% OCEANARIUM, GOA Site potentials : ‘The potential of the site is that it comes between two famous tourist spots — Miramar beach & Dona Paula view point, Also there is Goa Science Centre next to the site. Materials like, sandstone, limestone, clay local pebbles are easily available near site Sea help us to maintain the water table. But underground water is not use for cooking and drinking propose. Get perfect view of the Miramar beach from the site (distance between site to sea is 80 m) ‘Topography : The slope on site is towards the westem side. Highest level -11 m (from sea level) Lowest level - 7 m (from sea level) Road level -7 m ‘The site consist mixture of alluvial and brown hilly soil which is fertile in nature, Figure 45:Sewage & DrainageOCEANARIUM, GOA Electric supply + The electrical supply came from Panaji + Under ground supply given by local authority + There are three phase of 11000 kv 6.1.5 Water supply Site is served by two sources. + The main supply is from Mondovi river which is Ikm away + Another supply is from Dona Paula which is 2 km away1 )CEANARIUM, GOA CHAPTER - 7 DESIGN CRITERIA |. CIRULATION SERVICES TECHNOLOGY & MATERIAL SITE CONSIDERATION FLOW DIAGRAM ACCORDING TO THE LINKAGES ZONINGOCEANARIUM, GOA 7 DESIGN CRITERIA Because of the sensitivity of the marine life to the water, quality, an appropriate building type is to be proposed so a to keep any disturbance to the environment minimum. 7.1 CIRCULATION: ‘Unidirectional + multidirectional circulation will be provided * In spite of all blocks forming one unit, options would be available for the visitors to miss a certain sections. 7.2 SERVICES: © Aquarium exhibits will be divided into sections according to the required services. © Proper water management and other supporting facilities willbe designed thoughtfully, © Arrangement of exhibits and their respective services will be in staggered form to create interest t aOCEANARIUM, GOA 73 (CHNOLOGY & MATERIAL: 360° viewing underwater acrylic tunnel aquarium will be provided. Latest technology and material will be used for the construction of Sth generation aquariums ‘* Provision special effects will make the environment more realist Provision of touch screen electronic machines etc will provide information regarding the exhibits 7.4 SITE CONSIDERATION: © The building is to be integrated into the landscape Maximum views are exploited towards the surrounding natural environment. Since this aquarium is to be built on/in the sea, which is a totally 'new world’, new experiences in such environments to be explored. 7.3 FLOW DIAGRAM ACCORDING TO THE LINKAGES: SERVICES ENTHANCEeen, )CEANARIUM, GOA CHAPTER - 8 DRAWINGS GROUND FLOOR PLAN BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN MID FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN ROOF FLOOR PLAN SECTIONS 3D Views8 DRAWINGS 8.1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN8.2 BASEMENT FLOOR P8.3 MID FLOOR PLAN84 FIRST FLOOR PLANLOOR PLAN8.6 SECTIONSOCEANARIUM, GOA 8.7 3D VIEWS Figure 46:Entrance Lobby Figure 47: Touch Pool)CEANARIUM, GOAOCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 50:Viewing Corridor Figure 51 :Jelly Fish TankOCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 52:Sting Ray Display Figure 53:Tropical Display)CEANARIUM, GOA ye $5:180° TunnelOCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 56:Mugger Display Figure 57:Octopus DisplayFigure 58 Reptiles Display Figure 59:Turtle Display OCEANARIUM, GOAFigure 61: Mugger Pond OCEANARIUM, GOAFigure 62:360° Tunnel Figure 63:View From Restaurant to Giant TankOCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 64: View in Restaurant Figure 65:DolphinariumOCEANARIUM, GOA Figure 66:Ariel View Figure 67-Garden ViewOCEANARIUM, GOA BIBLIOGRAPHY? hitps://www.oceanario. pt hitps:/www georgiaaquarium.org/ hitps:/www wikipedia or https://www livingcolor.com/ www underwaterworld.com, hitps://www.dawn.com/ hitps://seaworld.org/ hitp/library thinkquest org w3snoop com/ {hitps:/Hiem-corp.com/ ‘hitps/www newportaquarium.com/ hitps://oceana org/marine-life/ocean-fishes hitps://www jumeirah com/en/hotels-resorts/dubaifjumeirah-beach-hotel/ hitps://wikimapiaorg/ hito://www sevenseastravelandtours.ney/ bitp //www advanced-aquariums com/ hitp//www seaftiends.org.nz/ hitps//www aerylicaquariums com/ REFRENCES: ‘Time Saver Standards Architect's Data (Ernst & Peter Neufert) ‘Thesis Report: * Oceanarium At Kochi By - Mohammad Nasir (2012-13) ‘© National Oceanarium At Goa By -Abu Safwan- (2013-14)