 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

0
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 W،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ‫א‬
٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٠  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٦  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٥  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٥  ‫א‬‫א‬

2
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

3
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
٢٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬ K٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
EF‫א‬‫ א‬K٥

4
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٤
 
 ،،،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
  

5
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

6
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ٢٠W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

7
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K 
 K 
 K 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

8
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   L١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ L٢
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    L٩
K
 K‫א‬‫א‬ L١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١٢
 
 

9
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٩
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬L١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٢
 
 
 

10
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K
K‫א‬‫א‬L١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٩
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬L٢٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٩
K‫א‬
 
 
 

11
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 The Current‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 WDirect CurrentEDCF‫א‬‫א‬L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١–١F

 
 ‫א‬E١ J١F‫א‬
 

12
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
 WAlternating CurrentEACF‫א‬‫א‬L٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬E٢–١F‫א‬
 
 

13
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 WConductors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
  WSemi Conductors‫א‬L٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Silicon‫א‬Germanuim‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
WInsulators‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

14
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W Potential Difference‫א‬L١

EUF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVF‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 WIntensity of Current‫א‬L٢
EIF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAF ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 WCurrent Density‫א‬L٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L‫א‬‫א‬EIs F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EA /mm2 F
 
 ‫א‬
 

I
I
S
 
 W
EA/mm2F‫א‬‫א‬ZIs
 Emm2F‫א‬ZS
 EAF‫א‬‫א‬ZI

15
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WQuantity of Electricity‫א‬L٤
 ‫א‬EQF‫א‬‫א‬
 KEA.SFK‫א‬
 ‫א‬

Q I T
 
 W
 EA . SF K‫א‬ZQ
 ESF ‫א‬ZT
 EAF‫א‬ZI
 
  Resistance‫א‬‫א‬L٥
‫א‬‫א‬ERF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EΩF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ 
E‫א‬F‫א‬ 
 

16
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 L
R
A
 
 
 W
 K ( Ω.mm2/ m FLK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Zρ
 KEmF‫א‬‫א‬ZL
 KEmm2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZA
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WElectrical Powerlaw‫א‬‫א‬L٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EWattF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPF
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 

P  I U
 
 
 W
 EA F‫א‬‫א‬ZI
 EVF‫א‬‫א‬ZU
 EWF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZP

17
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E١F
 
P=10W‫א‬E٣ J١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬(I)‫א‬‫א‬U=12V
 
 U = 12 V P = 10W  W‫א‬
 I = ? W‫א‬
 
‫א‬
 
 
P  I U
  I  P  10  0.83A
U 12

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣–١F‫א‬

18
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 WOHM'S LAWL٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J١F‫א‬
 

U
R
I
 
 W
 EA F‫א‬‫א‬ZI
 EVF‫א‬‫א‬ZU
 EΩF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZR
 

19
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
E٢F
 
 
 ‫؟‬12V‫א‬3 Ω ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 U = 12 V R = 3Ω W‫א‬
 I = ? W‫א‬
 
‫א‬

U
R
I
I = U / R = 12 / 3 = 4 A
 
 
 
E٣F
 
4A 12V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ ؟‬‫א‬
 
 U = 12 V I = 4 A W‫א‬
 R = ? W‫א‬
‫א‬

R = U / I = 12 / 4 = 3 Ω
 
 
20
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

E٤F
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
12 V‫א‬70 W
 P = 70 W U = 12 V  :‫א‬
 I = ? W‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 P=I  U
I = P / U = 70 / 12 = 5.83 A
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

21
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
E١F
 
 
 ‫؟‬EDCF‫א‬‫א‬EACF‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 
 

E٢F
 

 W
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 
 
 

22
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٣F
 
 
 (P)‫א‬U=12VI=0.42A‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

E٤F
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P=15W U=12V ‫א‬‫א‬
 (R)‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
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24
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٨W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K 
K 
 K 
K‫א‬ 
 
  W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   L١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ L٢
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    L٩
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬ L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١٢
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٩
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬L١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٢
 
 

 

27
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K
K‫א‬‫א‬L١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٩
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬L٢٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٩
K‫א‬
 
 
 

28
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Battery‫א‬L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬K

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٢F‫א‬

29
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬FFuses‫א‬‫א‬L٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣ J٢F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢–٢F‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬E٣–٢F‫א‬
 

30
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 RelayE‫א‬F‫א‬L٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤–٢F‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٢F‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 

31
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Lamp‫א‬L٤
‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬EF
 KKKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬EF
 KKKKK‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬KEF
 E٥ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٦–٢F‫א‬
 

  HornE‫א‬FL٥
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE٧ J٢F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٧–٢F‫א‬

32
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 WIgnition Coil E‫א‬FL٦
‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٩ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E٨ J٢F‫א‬
 

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩–٢F‫א‬
 
 

33
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W DistributorE‫א‬F‫א‬L٧
‫א‬‫א‬( 4 ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
E١١ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E١٠ J٢F‫א‬

 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١–٢F‫א‬
 

34
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WWind – shield Wiper L٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٢ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢–٢F‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 WGenerator E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬L٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
  J
  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E١٣ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣–٢F‫א‬

35
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 WCarrbon Ressistor ‫א‬‫א‬L١٠
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 KE١٤–٢ F

‫א‬

 

 
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E١٤–٢ F
‫א‬

 WDiodes
D E ‫א‬F‫א‬L١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٥
١  J٢ F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬E ١٥–٢ F‫א‬


W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 K

 
 

36
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 WCapacitors‫א‬L١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٧ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬K

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦ J٢F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٧–٢F‫א‬
 
 WTransistor‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 NPN‫א‬‫א‬EF

 NPN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٨–٢F‫א‬

37
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 NPN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩–٢F‫א‬
 
 WPNP‫א‬‫א‬EF

 
PNP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠–٢F‫א‬

 PNP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١–٢F‫א‬

38
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 

  K
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 

 

 

39
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
٨W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K 
 K 
 K 
K‫א‬ 
  W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

41
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   L١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ L٢
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    L٩
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬ L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١٢
 
 

42
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٩
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬L١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٢
 
 
 

43
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K
K‫א‬‫א‬L١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٩
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬L٢٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٩
K‫א‬
 
 

44
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KKKKKKK‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

45
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 E
‫א‬F‫א‬

E١ J٣F‫א‬
 
L٢
  E‫א‬F
‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

K‫אא‬{
‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F
‫א‬

46
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
KEF‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F‫א‬

47
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٣F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٣F‫א‬
 
 

48
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬L١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(DCV)‫א‬
 E٦ J٣F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٣F‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬L٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(ACV)‫א‬
 KE٧ J٣F‫א‬
 

49
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٣F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬L٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬()‫א‬
 KE٨ J٣F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E٨ J٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬L٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( )‫א‬
‫א‬
 E٩ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬

50
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬E٩ J٣F‫א‬
 K?‫?א‬‫א‬L٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬( )‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠ J٣F‫א‬K‫א‬

 ?‫א‬?‫א‬E١٠ J٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬L٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(DCA)‫א‬
 KE١١ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

51
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬E١١ J٣F‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬L٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(ACA)‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬

52
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬L٣

 
 ‫א‬E١٤ J٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٧
  
 
 
 

53
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫ א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
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         K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬????‫א‬،
 K‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K 
 K 
 K 
K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
   W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

57
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   L١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ L٢
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    L٩
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬ L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١٢
 
 

58
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٩
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬L١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٢
 

59
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K
K‫א‬‫א‬L١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٩
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬L٢٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٩
K‫א‬

60
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
 WResistors in Series‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
‫א‬E١–٤F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ut‫א‬‫א‬I3I2I1‫א‬It‫א‬
 KU3U2U1‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢–٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٤F‫א‬

62
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
 It = I1 = I2 = I3= KKKKKKKKIn
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Ut = U1 + U2 + U3HKKKKKKKKUn

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
 Rt =R1 + R2 + R3HKKKKKKKKRn

63
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٤F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤

E١F
 
R1 = 60 Ω , R2 = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫؟‬220 V 50 Ω
U = 220V R1 = 60 Ω R2 = 50 Ω W‫א‬
 Rt = ? I=? W‫א‬
 
‫א‬
 
 Rt = R1 + R2 = 60 + 50 = 110 Ω
 
U 220
 I    2A
R 110
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 WResistors in Parallel‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬It‫א‬‫א‬E٦–٤F‫א‬‫א‬
U1‫א‬‫א‬Ut‫א‬‫א‬،I3I2I1
 KU3U2
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٧–٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

65
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧–٤F‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
 Ut = U1 = U2 = U3=KKKKKKKKUn

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٤F‫א‬

66
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬  L٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 It = I1 + I2 + I3+KKKKKKKKIn

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
1 1 1 1 1
    .....
R t R1 R 2 R 3 Rn
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٤F‫א‬
 

67
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ER1,R2F
R1  R 2
Rt 
  R1  R 2
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤

E٢F

 
110 Ω‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫؟‬220 V‫א‬‫א‬
 U = 220V R1 = 110 Ω R2 = 110 Ω W‫א‬
 Rt = ? I=? W‫א‬
‫א‬

 
1 1 1 1 1 1
 ‫א‬‫א‬       55
R t R 1 R 2 110 110 0.0181
 
R 1  R 2 110  110 12100
 ‫א‬‫ א‬R t     55
R 1  R 2 110  110 220
U 220
 I    4A
R 55
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬L٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 KE١١–٤F
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٤F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ERT1F ‫א‬‫א‬ER5,R4,R3F‫א‬ J١
 ERT2F‫א‬‫א‬ER2FERT1F‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ER1FERT2F‫א‬ J٣
 
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

70
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬ J١
١٢ J٢
 J٣
 J٤
  J٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 
 

71
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬١٢‫א‬L١

 
 L٢

 
 L٣

 
 
 

72
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٤F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٤F‫א‬

73
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٤F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥ J٤F‫א‬
 

74
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 

  

75
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥WW‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K 
K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫ א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 

76
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   L١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ L٢
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    L٩
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬ L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١٢
 
 

77
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٤
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٩
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬L١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
K‫א‬
 
 

78
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٨
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٩
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬L١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٣

 
 

79
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L

K‫א‬‫א‬L١٤
‫א‬‫א‬L١٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٦
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٣
K‫א‬‫א‬L٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٨
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢٩
 ‫א‬

 
 
 
 

80
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KE١ J٥FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬L١

 
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٥F‫א‬
 
 
 

81
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٢ J٥F‫א‬‫א‬L٢
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬{{‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦

82
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬ J٨
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
‫א‬ J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 KE

 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٥F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٥F‫א‬

83
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،(Ah)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(1A)‫א‬‫א‬  (50Ah)‫א‬
 K(50h)
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٢{٦‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E٥ J٥F‫א‬
 

84
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬(H2SO4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬KEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E20CF‫א‬E1.285kg/LF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(PbO2)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPbF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(H)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(H2O)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(O2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ESO4F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K(SbSO4)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE1.14kg/LF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(H2SO4)‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(PbO2)
‫א‬KE1.285kg/L)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2.7V)
 

85
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٥F‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K
 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٣٣١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

86
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  KE٪٦٤
 ٪٣٦
‫א‬
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٧ J٥F
‫א‬


 
‫א‬ E٨ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬
 

87
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 

88
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٥F‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
 KE‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬L٢
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٥

89
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬L٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬L٨
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٠
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١١
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬L١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٥F‫א‬
 

90
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
          ‫א‬    
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F ‫א‬  J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬ J٤
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

91
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬E١٢ J٥F‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬
 

92
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬FE‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣ J٥F‫א‬

93
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١٠٠٪٧٥

 EF‫א‬E١٥ J٥F‫א‬
 

94
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K٪٧٥‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬E١٦ J٥F‫א‬
 
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 EF‫א‬E١٧ J٥F‫א‬
 

95
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬،‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
E١٨ J٥F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،F‫א‬    
‫א‬
 EE
‫ א‬
 K١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
K٠{١ ‫א‬‫א‬
W
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬٪٧٥٥‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


،‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬
K

96
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬،٩{٧٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
W
K‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬،١٢{٣٧ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
W
K
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬
‫א‬
E١٩ J٥F‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬W
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

 EE‫א‬

F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_
‫א‬

‫א‬  J٢
‫א‬
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫אא‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬FF٢
 ‫א‬  J٤
 
‫א‬ E١٠
١ ‫א‬

‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

97
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠ J٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE‫א‬FL

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢١ J٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٣

98
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٩
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬E١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ E١٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

99
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬
KEF‫א‬‫ א‬

100
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 J١
 E‫א‬‫א‬F J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
  J٤
 ‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬ J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬
 J١
K J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬ J٤
 
 
 
 
 

101
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬L١
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
 K‫א‬
 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤
 K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٥
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

102
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢ J٥F‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦
 K‫א‬

103
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣ J٥F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤ J٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،١{٢٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،١{٢٦٥E‫א‬
،١{٢٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
،E٠{٠٥٠F٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

104
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥ J٥F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦ J٥F‫א‬

105
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W ‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 


‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٧ J٥F‫א‬


W ‫א‬

‫אא‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 
 
 

106
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬L١

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨ J٥F‫א‬
 
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J

 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

107
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠ J٥F‫א‬
 
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣١ J٥F‫א‬

108
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢ J٥F‫א‬
 

W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 ‫א‬L٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٣ J٥F‫א‬

109
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

110
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬L٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬E٣٥ J٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬L٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

111
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
Battery ‫א‬
Charge 
Discharge 
Resistors in Series ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Resistors in Parallel ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Simple Electrical Circuits ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Principle of electricity ‫א‬
Battery ‫א‬
Ohm’s law 
The Current ‫א‬‫א‬
Direct Current ‫א‬‫א‬
Alternathng Current ‫א‬‫א‬
Conductors ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Semi Conductors ‫א‬
Insulators ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Potential Difference ‫א‬
Intensity Current ‫א‬
Current Density ‫א‬
Resistance ‫א‬‫א‬
Electrical Power ‫א‬‫א‬
Fuse ‫א‬
Relay ‫א‬
Magnets ‫א‬
Ignition Coil ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 
Diodes ‫א‬
Capacitor ‫א‬
Transistor ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩٨٥{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬{
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩٧٩{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬{
   K‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 K٢٠٠٢  TEAM21
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