‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬

‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ‬

‫روشﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻃﺮح ﻣﺨﻠﻮطﻫﺎی آﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫و‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد روش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﮐﺸﻮر‬
 ‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺛﺮﻭﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻠﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬـﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤـﺎﻓﻆ ﺟـﺴﻢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺗـﺄﻣﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺭﺍﺣـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣـﺎﻟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﻔﺘـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺭﺍﻫﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻤﻠﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﺮﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺑﻪﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻲﺩﺭﻳﻎ ﺩﺭﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﺎﻙ‬

 ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻭﻝ – ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻨﺘﻲ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪ -١-١‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-۱‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪.....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-١‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪.............................................‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-١‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۵-١‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪MS2‬‬
‫‪۵‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪.....................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۶-١‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳــﻒ ﻛﻤﻴــﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﻛــﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃــﺮﺡ ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠــﻮﻁﻫــﺎﻱ ﺁﺳــﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑــﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪۱۱ ................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -٧-١‬ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪۱۴ ...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -٨-١‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‪۱۵ ................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -٩-١‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ‪۱۷ ....................................................‬‬
‫‪ -١٠-١‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪۲۰ ....................................‬‬
‫‪ -١-١٠-١‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪۲۰ .....................................‬‬
‫‪ -٢-١٠-١‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﻗﺺ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪۲۱ ............‬‬
‫‪۲۲‬‬ ‫‪ -١١-۱‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‪................................................................‬‬
‫‪۲۲‬‬ ‫‪ -١-١١-۱‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ ‪.................................‬‬
‫‪۲۲‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-١١-١‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‪............................................................‬‬
‫‪۲۳‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-١١-١‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‪.........................................‬‬
 ‫‪۲۳‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-١١-١‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‪....................................‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺩﻭﻡ ـ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺳـﻨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫‪۲۸‬‬ ‫‪ -١-٢‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪......................................‬‬

‫‪۲۸‬‬ ‫‪ -١-١-٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‪..................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۲۸‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-١-٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ‪...................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۲۸‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-١-٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪.................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۲۹‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٢‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪.................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳۰‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪.............................................‬‬
‫‪۳۲‬‬ ‫‪ -١-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ)ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ(‪.....‬‬
‫‪۳۳‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪......................‬‬
‫‪۳۴‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪.................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳۵‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪.................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۳۶‬‬ ‫‪ -۵-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪.......................................................................‬‬
‫‪۴۰‬‬ ‫‪ -۶-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪............................................................................‬‬
‫‪۴۱‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-٢‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪........................................‬‬
‫‪۴۱‬‬ ‫‪ -١-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ(‪.........‬‬
‫‪۴۳‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪........‬‬
‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪.................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۴۶‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ‪........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۴۸‬‬ ‫‪ -۵-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪.....................................................................‬‬
‫‪۴۹‬‬ ‫‪ -۶-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪.....................................................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪۵۰‬‬ ‫‪ -١-۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ‪....................................................................................... ........................................‬‬
‫‪۵۷‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٣‬ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ‪..................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۶۲‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-٣‬ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ‪...................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۶۹‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-٣‬ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ‪..................................................................................................................................‬‬
 ‫‪۷۷‬‬ ‫‪ -۵-۳‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ‪....................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -۶-٣‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪۷۸ ....................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -٧-٣‬ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ‪۸۲ ................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -٨-٣‬ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‪۸۴ .....................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -٩-٣‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ‪۸۸ ................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -١٠-٣‬ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪۹۴ ................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -١-١٠-۳‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪۹۴ ...........................................................................Superpave‬‬
‫‪ -٢-١٠-٣‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪۹۷ ......................................................Superpave‬‬
‫‪ -٣-١٠-٣‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪۹۹ ...................................................Superpave‬‬
‫‪ -۴-١٠-٣‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪۱۱۴ .........................................................................Superpave‬‬
‫‪ -۵-١٠-۳‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ )‪۱۳۶ ....................................(SHRP- A698‬‬
‫‪ -۶-١٠-٣‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‪ Superpave‬ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪۱۳۷ ........................................................................................................... ٣‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪ -‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫‪۱۵۰‬‬ ‫‪ -١-۴‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪۱۵۱‬‬ ‫‪ -۲-۴‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪............................................................‬‬
‫‪۱۵۳‬‬ ‫‪ -١-٢-۴‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪............‬‬
‫‪۱۵۷‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٢-۴‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪.......................................‬‬
‫‪۱۵۸‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-٢-۴‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‪.................................‬‬
‫‪۱۶۱‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-٢-۴‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻥﺷﺪﮔﻲ‪...................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ـ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪۱۶۳‬‬ ‫‪ -١-۵‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪..........................‬‬
‫‪۱۶۵‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-۵‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪......‬‬
‫‪۱۶۹‬‬ ‫‪ -٣-۵‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪.....................................‬‬
‫‪۱۷۷‬‬ ‫‪ -١-٣-۵‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪...................................‬‬
‫‪۱۸۲‬‬ ‫‪ -٢-٣-۵‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪۱۸۵ ........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪۱۰‬‬ ‫‪ -۱-۱‬ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪...............‬‬
‫‪۱۸‬‬ ‫‪ -۲-١‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‪...‬‬
‫‪ -۳-۱‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‪۱۹ ..............‬‬
‫‪۱۹‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-۱‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪.................................................................. (VMA‬‬
‫‪۲۶‬‬ ‫‪ -۵-۱‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‪.........................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۱-۲‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪۳۱ ...................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۶۵‬‬ ‫‪ -۱-۳‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ‪............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۷۶‬‬ ‫‪ -۲-۳‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‪...................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۷۸‬‬ ‫‪ -۳-۳‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‪....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۴-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ SN64043Ia‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ‪۸۳ ..........................................‬‬
‫‪ -۵-۳‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪۹۵ .................................................... ESALS‬‬
‫‪ -۶-۳‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪۱۰۱ .............................................. [3] Superpave‬‬
‫‪ -۷-۳‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﺩﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪۱۰۲ ....................[3] Superpave‬‬
‫‪۱۰۲‬‬ ‫‪ -۸-۳‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ‪......................................................... [3] Superpave‬‬
‫‪ -۹-۳‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ‪ SE‬ﺩﺭ ‪۱۰۳ ......................................................................................... [3] Superpave‬‬
‫‪۱۰۶‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۰-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۳۷/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۱۱-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۲۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪۱۰۷ ...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۱۲-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۱۹‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪۱۰۸ ...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۱۰۹‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۳-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۱۲/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۱۴-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۹/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪۱۱۰ ..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۱۵-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ )‪۱۱۲ ............................................................................. (SHRP‬‬
‫‪۱۱۴‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۶-۳‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‪...................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۱۱۹‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۷-۳‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪ SGC‬ﺩﺭ ‪......................................................................................Superpave‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -۱۸-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ VMA‬ﺩﺭ ‪۱۲۲ .................................................................................. [3] Superpave‬‬

‫‪ -۱۹-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ VFA‬ﺩﺭ ‪۱۲۳ .................................................................................... [3] Superpave‬‬
‫‪۱۳۱‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۹-۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ‪..................................................‬‬
‫‪۱۳۲‬‬ ‫‪ -۲۰-۳‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...........................................................Superpave‬‬
‫‪ -۲۱-۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻛﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪۱۳۳ .................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۱۴۴‬‬ ‫‪ -۲۲-۳‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﺳﻮﭘﺮﭘﻴﻮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪............‬‬
‫‪ -۱-۴‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪۱۵۴ ......................................................................‬‬
‫‪۱۶۷‬‬ ‫‪ -۱-۵‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪..............................................‬‬
‫‪۱۷۳‬‬ ‫‪ -۲-۵‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ‪..................................................................SHRP‬‬
‫‪۱۷۷‬‬ ‫‪ -۳-۵‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ١٢/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‪..‬‬
 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -۱-۱‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪۱۶ ...................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -۲-۱‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‪۲۵ ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪۵۶‬‬ ‫‪ -۱-٣‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪.........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۶۱‬‬ ‫‪ -۲-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‪.........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۳-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ ASTO‬ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ‪۶۸ ..................................................................................‬‬
‫‪۸۱‬‬ ‫‪ -۴-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺮﺍﻫﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪.....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۵-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ CROW‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‪۸۶ ............................................................................‬‬
‫‪۸۷‬‬ ‫‪ -۶-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪....................................................................................................CROW‬‬
‫‪ -۷-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ )ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ(‪۹۳ .....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۸-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ‪۹۹ ...........................................................................superpave‬‬
‫‪ -۹-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪۱۰۶ ................................................................................................................. (۱۰-۳‬‬
‫‪۱۰۷‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۰-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪.............................................................................................................. (۱۱-۳‬‬
‫‪۱۰۸‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۱-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪.............................................................................................................. (۱۲-۳‬‬
‫‪۱۰۹‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۲-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪............................................................................................................. (۱۳-۳‬‬
‫‪ -۱۳-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪۱۱۰ ............................................................................................................. (۱۴-۳‬‬
‫‪۱۱۸‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۴-۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪........................................................................................................................SGC‬‬
‫‪۱۲۵‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۵-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪...........................................................Superpave ١‬‬
‫‪۱۲۹‬‬ ‫‪ -۱۶-۳‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ‪.............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۱۷-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‪۱۳۴ ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۱۸-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ‪۱۳۵ ........................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۱۹-۳‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ‪۱۳۶ ..................................................................................Superpave‬‬
‫‪۱۴۰‬‬ ‫‪ -۲۰-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪............................................................‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪۱۴۱‬‬ ‫‪ -۲۱-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪...............................................................‬‬

‫‪ -۲۲-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪۱۴۲ .............‬‬
‫‪ -۲۳-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ )ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ( ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪۱۴۳ ..........‬‬
‫‪ -۲۴-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪۱۴۴ ....................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۲۵-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪۱۴۵ .....‬‬
‫‪ -۲۶-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ‪۱۴۶ ......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۲۷-۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪۱۴۷ ........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -۲۸-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ‪۱۴۹ ............................................................................... Superpave‬‬
‫‪ -۱-۵‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪۱۷۹ .....................................‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪۱‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬

‫‪ -١-١‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-١‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﻲﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﻣـﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺮﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩﺷـﺪﻥ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪[1].‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﮔـﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔـﻲ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻭ ﻭﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
 ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤـﻦﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣-١‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫـﻪ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻗـﺮﻥ ﺑﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺱ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺳﻲﺳﻲﭘﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ۴٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫)ﮔﺮﻡ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ۴۰‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۵٠‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺶ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩۵٨‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ‪ D4‬ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ )‪ (ASTM‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ٢۵‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ )‪ .(ASTM-D1559‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٧۶‬ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ‪ D4‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﮔـﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠـﻮﻝ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﮔـﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪(ASTM-‬‬
‫)‪ ،D1559‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ " ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ " ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻭ ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴-۱‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍﻫﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ )ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻫـﻪ‬
‫‪ (٣٠‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﺴﺎﻛﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻥ ـ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ ـ ﺧﺴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺭﻱ ـ ﺑﻬـﺸﻬﺮ ـ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷـﻬﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٣٣۶‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٣۴٢‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺁﻭﺝ ـ ﻫﻤﺪﺍﻥ ـ ﻣﻼﻳﺮ ـ ﺧﺮﻡ ﺁﺑـﺎﺩ ـ ﺣـﺴﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻼﻳـﺮ ـ ﺍﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٣٣٨‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺳﺎﺋﻮﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﻣﺸﻬﺮ ـ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ـ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٣٣۶‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﺗﻜﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ ـ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ـ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪١٣۴٠‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ ٣٣‬ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ١٣۵٣‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ؛ ﻫﻴﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧـﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ ١٠١‬ﺳـﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣـﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫـﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -۵-۱‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٢٠٠‬ﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪،‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ)‪ ،(V.M.A‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ)‪(VFA‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪1-Air Voids‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨـﺪﻩ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫)ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١٠‬ﻛﻴﻠـﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻓﻴﻠـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ ١٠١‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﻗﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘــﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑــﺎ ﻣﺸﺨــﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻨــﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ )‪ (AASHTO-M20‬ﻭ ﻳــﺎ‬
‫)‪ (AASHTO-M226‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﻣــــﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳــــﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷــــﺖﺩﺍﻧــــﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧــــﻪ ﺑــــﺮ ﺍﺳــــﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳــــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ (AASHTO-T27)ASTM-C136‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠـــــــﺮ ﺑـــــــﺮ ﺍﺳـــــــﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳـــــــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ (AASHTO-T37)ASTM-D546‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻚﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﺳـــــﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ (ASTM-C127)AASHTO-T85‬ﻭ ‪ (ASTM-C128)AASHTO-T84‬ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ (ASTM-D854)AASHTO-T100‬ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ‪ G sb‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٢٠٠‬ﮔﺮﻣﻲﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ١٢٠٠‬ﮔﺮﻣـﻲﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﺳـﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬

‫‪1-Bulk Specific Gravity‬‬

‫‪2- Apparent Specific Gravity‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ‪ ۶‬ﺳﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻤﻌـﹰﺎ ‪ ١٨‬ﺳـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )‪ (ASTM-D1559‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۶٣/۵‬ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١٠١/۶‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻣـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨـﺪﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴـﻚ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫‪ ۱۷۰ ± ۲‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻛﺲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻠـﺰﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪ ١٠١/۶‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ٧۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ‪ ۲۸۰ ± ۳۰‬ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﻛﺲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻜﺶ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ )ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ٩٨/۴‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ( ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫‪ ۴/۵‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ‪ ۴۵٧‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ۵٠ ،٣۵‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ ٧۵‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫـﺮ ﻃـﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ )‪ (Air Voids=0‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫)‪ (ASTM-D2041‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )‪) (ASTM-D2726‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻓﻴﻦ( ﻳﺎ )‪) (ASTM-D1188‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻓﻴﻦ( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ٢‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۴۰‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ‪ ۶۰ ± ۱‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧـﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻚ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )‪ (ASTM-D1559‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫)‪ ،(Air Voids‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (VMA‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ )‪(VFA‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﻴـﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﻤﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Stability‬‬
‫‪2- Flow‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱-۱‬ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬
‫‪100 − Pb‬‬
‫= ‪Gse‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬
‫‪−‬‬
‫‪Gmm Gb‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫= ‪Gmm‬‬
‫‪Ps Pb‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪Gse Gb‬‬
‫‪Gse − Gsb‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫× ‪Pba = 100‬‬ ‫‪× Gb‬‬
‫‪Gse × Gsb‬‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪Pbe = Pb − ba Ps‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪Gmb × Ps‬‬
‫‪VMA = 100 −‬‬
‫‪Gsb‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪Gmb‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪VMA = 100 −‬‬
‫×‬ ‫‪× 100‬‬
‫‪Gsb 100 − Pb‬‬
‫)‪(Gmm − Gmb‬‬
‫× ‪ Va = 100‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪Gmm‬‬
‫)‪100(VMA − Va‬‬
‫= ‪ VFA‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫‪VMA‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‪:‬‬

‫‪ :Pb‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ :Gb‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫‪ :Ps‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ :Gsb‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫‪ :Pba‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
 ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -۶-۱‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬
‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪(Gsb) ١‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﻔﺮﺍﺕ( ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪(Gsa) ٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄـﺮ ﻫـﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪(Gse) ٣‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﻔﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﭘـﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﻫﻢﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﭼﮕـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪P1 + P2 + ... + Pn‬‬
‫= ‪G sb‬‬
‫‪P1‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬
‫‪+ 2 + ... + n‬‬
‫‪G sb1 G sb2‬‬ ‫‪G sbn‬‬

‫‪1- Bulk Specific Gravity‬‬

‫‪2- Apparent Specific Gravity‬‬
‫‪3- Effective Specific Gravity‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ =Gsb‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫‪ = P1 , P2 ,..., Pn‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫‪ = G sb1 , G sb 2 ,..., G sbn‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪(Gmb ) ١‬‬

‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ( ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﻫﻢﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‪(Gmm ) ٢‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪( Pbe ) ٣‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴـﺮﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺻﺮﻑ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‪( Pb ) ٤‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺝ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺟـﺬﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Bulk Specific Gravity of compacted mix‬‬

‫‪2- Maximum Specific Gravity of Asphalt mix‬‬
‫‪3- Effective Asphalt content‬‬
‫‪4- Absorbed Asphalt content‬‬
 ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ )ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ( ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ۶٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻮﺑﻴـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
‫ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺣـﺴﺐ‬
‫‪ ٢۵‬ﺻﺪﻡ ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‪(Va ) ٣‬‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪(VMA) ٤‬‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ( ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Stability‬‬
‫‪2- Flow‬‬
‫‪3- Voids (Percent air Voids in compacted mix‬‬
‫‪4- Viods mineral Aggregate‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‪(VFA) ١‬‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﭘﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٧-١‬ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺶ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺳـﻴﻢ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱-۱‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺷـﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲﻫـﺎ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳـﺮ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪1- voids fulled‬‬

 ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺗـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٨-١‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۴‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻛﻤﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ (۳-۱‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻃﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱-۱‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬

 ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ -٩-١‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )‪ (ASTM-D1559‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫‪ ٢۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ )‪ ۱‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ؛ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ )‪ ١/۵‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ( ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻨﺪﻫﺎﻝ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻠﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻄـﺮﺡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٠‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﺴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺖ‪ ٣‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ )‪ (ASTM-D4‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩۶‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ )‪(D5581‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ )‪ (D1559‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۵٢/۴‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ )‪ ۶‬ﺍﻳـﻨﭻ( ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ‪ ٩۵/٢‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ‬
‫)‪ ٣/٧۵‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﭼﻜﺶ ‪ ١٠/٢‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬
‫‪ ۴۵٧‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ٧۵‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ‪ ١١٢‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ ۵٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٧۵‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ )‪ (D1559‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟـﻚ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ‪ ٢/٢۵‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ‪ ١/۵‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ ١٠١‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪2- Kandhal‬‬
‫‪3- AAPT‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲-١‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )‪(ASTM-D1559‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪:‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ٢۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ۶٣/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١٠١/۶‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ :‬ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﭼﻜﺶ ‪ ۴/۵‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ۴۵٧‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ۵٠ ،٣۵ :‬ﻭ ‪ ٧۵‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ )ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ(‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ )‪(Stability‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ )‪(Flow‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ )‪(Unit Weight‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )‪(ASTM-D5581‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ٩۵/٢‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۵٢/۴‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ :‬ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﭼﻜﺶ ‪ ١٠/٢‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ۴۵٧‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ‪ ٧۵ :‬ﻭ ‪ ١١٢‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
 ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۳-۱‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫‪٧۵‬‬ ‫‪۵۰‬‬ ‫‪٣۵‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫‪٨٠٠۶‬‬ ‫‪۵٣٣٨‬‬ ‫‪٣٣٣۶‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ )ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ(‬
‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١۴‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١۶‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ)‪ ٠/٢۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ(‬
‫‪۵‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪۵‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪۵‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪٧۵‬‬ ‫‪۶۵‬‬ ‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫‪۶۵‬‬ ‫‪٨٠‬‬ ‫‪٧٠‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(٣‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﺒﻚ‪ EAL٢ :‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪۱۰۴‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ EAL:‬ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۱۰۴‬ﻭ ‪۱۰۶‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‪ EAL :‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪۱۰۶‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۴-۱‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪(VMA‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪۵‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ(‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫‪٢١/۵‬‬ ‫‪٢٢/۵‬‬ ‫‪٢٣/۵‬‬ ‫‪١/١٨‬‬
‫‪١٩/٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠/٠‬‬ ‫‪٢١/۵‬‬ ‫‪٢/٣۶‬‬
‫‪١۶/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٧/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٨/٠‬‬ ‫‪۴/٧۵‬‬
‫‪١۴/٠‬‬ ‫‪١۵/٠‬‬ ‫‪١۶/٠‬‬ ‫‪٩/۵‬‬
‫‪١٣/٠‬‬ ‫‪١۴/٠‬‬ ‫‪١۵/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٢/۵‬‬
‫‪١٢/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٣/٠‬‬ ‫‪١۴/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬
‫‪١١/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٢/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٣/٠‬‬ ‫‪٢۵‬‬
‫‪١٠/٠‬‬ ‫‪١١/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٢/٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٧/۵‬‬
‫‪٩/۵‬‬ ‫‪١٠/۵‬‬ ‫‪١١/۵‬‬ ‫‪۵٠‬‬
‫‪٩/٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠/٠‬‬ ‫‪١١/٠‬‬ ‫‪۶٣‬‬

‫‪1- Traffic‬‬ ‫‪2- Equivalent Axle Load‬‬

 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬

‫‪ -١٠-١‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬

‫‪ -١-١٠-١‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﺴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺷـﻲ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻤﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﺏ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪[4] .‬‬
 ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -٢-١٠-١‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺍﻗﺺ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۵۰‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ﺳـﻨﺘﻲ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺟـﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺒﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺿـﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﭼﻜـﺶ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻏﻠﺘﻚ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﻳـﻚ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻧـﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﻛﺘﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﺩ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻤـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺷــﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ﭘﺪﻳــﺪﻩﻫــﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷــﻜﻞﻫــﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤــﻲ ﻭ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﺶ ـ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٢٢‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ -١١-١‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‬
‫‪ -١-١١-١‬ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻓﺮﺍﻧـﺴﻴﺲ ﻭﻳـﻢ ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٢۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫)‪ (ASTM-D1560‬ﻭ )‪ (ASTM-D1561‬ﻭ ﺩﺳــﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧــﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧــﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳـﻢ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺁﻧـﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﻴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ٢‬ﻭﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-١١-١‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﻢ ﮔﻮﻳﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻠـﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Hveem‬‬
‫‪2- stability‬‬
 ‫‪٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -٣-١١-١‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮔـﺮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺳـﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻋـﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺩﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻌـﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻴﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺫﻫﻨـﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯﻱ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴-١١-١‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪) C.K.E١‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ( ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﺳـﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪) C.K.E‬ﺑﺎ ﻧـﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎ( ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ ٢‬ﺗـﺎ‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ۱۴۶ ± ۳‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗـﺎ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻣﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ١١٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻴﻮﺱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻟـﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﺶ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻛﻮﺑﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١٠١‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟـﺸﻲ‬

‫‪1- Centrifuge Kerosene Equivalent‬‬

‫‪2- Kneading Compacto‬‬
 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٢٤‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ١/٧‬ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳـﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ﺑـﺎ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﺿـﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟـﺸﻲ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺷـﺎﺭ ‪٣/۴۵‬‬
‫ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﻢ‬

‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﻗﻄـﺮ ‪١٠٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ۶۴‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﺪﺕ‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺗﺎ‪ ۴‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ۶۰ ± ۳‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﺞ ﻭﻳﻢ‪ ١‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٢۶/٧ ،٢٢/٣ ،١٣/۴‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪22.2‬‬
‫=‪S‬‬
‫‪Ph .D‬‬
‫‪+ 0.222‬‬
‫‪Pv − Ph‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :S‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ :D‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫‪ : Pv‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ )ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪ ٢/٧۶‬ﻣﮕﺎﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٢/٢۴‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ(‬
‫‪ : Ph‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ‬

‫ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻞ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺒﻚ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﮔـﻴﺞ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺋـﺖ ﺗـﻮﺭﻡ‬

‫‪1- Hveem stabilometer‬‬

 ‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ۵٠٠ .‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻞ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ ٢۴‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﮔﻴﺞ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﮔﻴﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﺭﻡ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(۲-۱‬‬
‫)ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲-۱‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‬

 ‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٢٦‬‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻗﻴﺮﺯﺩﮔـﻲ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺳـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻥﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۵ -۱‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۵-۱‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﻳﻢ‬

‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣۵‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٣٧‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٠/٧۶٢‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺭﻡ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :EAL < ۱۰۴‬ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ :۱۰۴ < EAL < ۱۰۶‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ :EAL > ۱۰۶‬ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫‰‬

 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪۲‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ]‪[۴‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺮﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻨـﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪﺍﻱ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﭻﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺧﻴـﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻟـﻴﻜﻦ ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﮔﻮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Fundamental‬‬
‫‪2- Simulation‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٢٨‬‬

‫‪ -۱-۲‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫‪ -١-١-٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﻛﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-١-٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣-١-٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨـﺶ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻡ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫـﻲ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑـﺮﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٢٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -۲-۲‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳـﻲ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ٣‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﻣـﺪﻝﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﺨﻤـﻴﻦ ﺑﺰﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻧﻴـﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٥ SHRP-A698‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪٦ SUPERPAVE ٣‬ﻭ ‪ SHRP‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ‬

‫‪1- Performance related‬‬ ‫‪2- Performance- based‬‬

‫‪3- Simulations test‬‬ ‫‪4- Fundamental tests‬‬
‫‪5- Strategic Highway Research Program‬‬
‫‪6- Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧـﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬـﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﮕﻠـﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ ١ NARC ،٣‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ‪ ٢ ASTO‬ﻓﻨﻼﻧـﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ٣ CROW‬ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ SHRP‬ﻭ ‪ ASTO‬ﻭ ‪NARC‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣-٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﺋﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٩‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ‪ ٩‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱-۲‬ﻗﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- National Asphalt Research Committee‬‬

‫‪2- Finnish initials for the Asphalt Pavement Research program‬‬
‫‪3- Centre for Research and Cantract Standardisation in Civil and Traffic Engineering‬‬
‫‪4- Recipe‬‬ ‫‪5- Emprical‬‬
‫‪6- Analitical‬‬ ‫‪7- Volumetric‬‬
‫‪8- Performance- related‬‬ ‫‪9- Performance- based‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺮﺍﺋﻲ)ﺩﺭﻣﺤﻞ(‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫)ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ(‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‪ -‬ﻣﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺁﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪I‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪/‬ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ‪II‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﺋﻲ‪ /‬ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ‬ ‫)*(ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ /‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫)^(ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫)^(ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫)^(ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱-۲‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ‪CRR۹۹۶‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫)^(ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫)^(ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪( ς‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫)^(ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)^(ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)*(ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ /‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‪ /‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ‪ASTO‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻲ ‪ /‬ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ /‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‬ ‫)‪(#‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻲ‪ /‬ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ /‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫)*(ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻲ ‪ /‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)*(ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ ‫)*(ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻲ ‪ /‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫)*(ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫‪ SV-۶۴/۴۲۱۵‬ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ /‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪RAIV‬ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ /‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‪CROW‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ /‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ‪BS۵۹۴/BS۴۹۷۸‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫‪UKBS۵۹۸‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ /‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ /‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪SHRP‬ﺳﻄﺢ‪ I‬ﺳﻮﭘﺮﭘﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪(-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪SHRP‬ﺳﻄﺢ‪ II‬ﺳﻮﭘﺮﭘﻴﻮ‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪(+‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ /‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)=( ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪SHRP‬ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ III‬ﺳﻮﭘﺮﭘﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ /‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)=( ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ‪SHRP-A-۶۹۸‬‬ ‫)‪ (-‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫)‪ (°‬ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ (/‬ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫‪٣١‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬

‫) ‪ ( o‬ﺑﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫) ∧ ( ﺑﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫) ‪ ( ζ‬ﺑﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ‪،‬‬
‫) ∗ ( ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (#‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (+‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻌـﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﺸﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (-‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫)‪ (/‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺻـﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ( ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)=( ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﭼﺮﺧـﺸﻲ )‪ ١(GC‬ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ(‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴـﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻳـﻚ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨﺶ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Gyratory Compactor‬‬

 ‫‪٣٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١ HRA‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺷـﻴﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‪ ٣‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ )‪ (ASTM-D1559‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤـﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﻭ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺭﻭﻳـﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ HRA‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪،‬‬

‫‪1- Hot Rolled Asphalt‬‬

‫‪2- Gussasphalt‬‬
‫‪3- Porous Asphalt‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٣٤‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ASTM‬ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗـﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷـﻴﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﻭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺩﻩﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﻳﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳـﺪ‪) .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻠﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ١‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ )‪ (code de bonne practique‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﻴﺮﹰﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻲ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻲ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟـﺎﻱ‬

‫‪1- Marshal quotient‬‬

 ‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺥ ‪ ١ W.T‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٢SMA‬ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ cantaboro‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﻢﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ(‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻗﻴـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻧﻤـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺧﺬ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ١‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ SUPERPAVE‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ‪ SHRP‬ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻥ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻃﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺳـﺒﻚ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺳـﻪ ﻛﻤﻴـﺖ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﺺ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ٣‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ‪ ٤ SHRP-GSC‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ١‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ NARC‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫‪1- Wheel Tracking test‬‬

‫‪2- Stone Mastic Asphalt‬‬
‫‪3- Performance – Related‬‬
‫‪4- SHRP Gyratory shear compactor‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٣٦‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻫـﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ )ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﺧـﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ( ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ )ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣـﻮﻝ ﺭﻳﺎﺿـﻲ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻗـﺸﺮ ﻗﻴـﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (Gyropac‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫‪ ASTO‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ )‪ ،(Air voids‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (VMA‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻴـﺮ)‪ (VFA‬ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﻣـﻲﺁﻳـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨـﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻼﻧـﺪﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻧـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ ١1ICT‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٨۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ VMA‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲‬‬
‫‪ -۵-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ‬

‫‪1- Intensive Compactor Tester‬‬

‫‪2- performance- Related‬‬
 ‫‪٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﹰﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ )‪) ١(GSC‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٢PCG‬ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ‪ ،٣‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ‪ ٤‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ )ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤـﻖ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪W.T‬‬
‫ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‪) ٦‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‪ ٧‬ﻳﺎ ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ ﺳـﻜﺎﻧﺖ‪ ٨‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻛـﺸﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‬
‫ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪) ٩‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ‪ ۱۰۶‬ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪ ١‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫‪1- Gyratory shear compactor‬‬ ‫‪2- Presse a ciaillement Gyratoire‬‬

‫‪3- Wheel tracking‬‬ ‫‪4- Duriez test‬‬
‫‪5- Wheel tracking test‬‬ ‫‪6- Stiffness Modolus‬‬
‫‪7- Complex Modolus‬‬ ‫‪8- Secant Modolus‬‬
‫‪9- Fatigue strength deformation‬‬ ‫‪10- Fatigue bending test‬‬

‫`‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٣٨‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ W.T‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌـﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻣﺒـﺴﻮﻁ ﺩﺭﺑـﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﹰﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (VMA‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷـﺪﻩ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫)‪ (VFA‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛﻤﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺮ )‪ (NAT‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜـﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (NARC‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻳـﺎ‬
‫‪ MATTA‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ NAT‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳـﻔﺘﻲ )ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﻛﻤـﻚ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ( ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ )ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ )ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ ﺑـﻪ‬
 ‫‪٣٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‪ ١‬ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻬـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ )ﺳﻄﺢ‪ (NARC ٣‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ W.T‬ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ‪ ٢‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ ASTO‬ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ ASTO‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ SRK‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤـﻖ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜـﺮﺭ ﻳـﺎ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ‪W.T‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ)ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ( ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ٣‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ )ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ‪ CROW‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟـﻮﮊﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺖ(‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻓﻌﻠـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫‪1- Australian Gyratory shear compactor‬‬

‫‪2- Refusal Density‬‬
‫‪3- performance – Related‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤـﺎﻗﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪) .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ GSC‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۶-٣-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺗﺤـﺖ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻳـﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ )ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ( ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑـﺎ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫـﻲ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ‪ SHRP‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﻭ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﻴـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻓـﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ‬
‫)‪ (FHWA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ )ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ( ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻳﻜـﺴﺮﻱ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ )ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
 ‫‪٤١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﺎﺯ‪) GSC‬ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ (١‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ‪٢‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ Superpave ٣‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ٢‬ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ )‪) (SHRP A-698‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫـﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺨـﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ‪ SHRP‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪ( ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺰﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﭘـﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ‪ (RSST-CH) ٣‬ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻴـﺮ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ‪ ٤‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩ‬
‫‪ SHRP-003A‬ﺑﺴﻂ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴-٢‬ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫‪ -١-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ(‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻜـﺴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- shear test device‬‬

‫‪2- Indirect tensile test‬‬
‫‪3- shear test at constant height‬‬
‫‪4- Flexural bending beam test‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٤٢‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺧـﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺭﺿـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣـﺎﺕ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺁﺳـﺎﻥﺗـﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﻪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ )ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﻴـﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ( ﺭﺍﻫـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ )ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻣﺰﺑـﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ( ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﺘﻤـﻞ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻬﻨـﺪﺱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﻲﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺗﺤﻤﻴـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻣﺤـﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺳـﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺷـﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻏﻴـﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬﺍ ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳـﻒ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ‪)١‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳـﺰ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ (ASTM-D1074-83),LCPC‬ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ۴‬ﻭ ‪.(DIN1996 ١٢‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ‪) ۲‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫)‪ (DIN1996part 13‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ‪ BS‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶﻫــﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧــﻲ‪) ۳‬ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜــﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳــﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻳــﻢ )‪ ،(ASTM-D1560‬ﻫﺎﺑﺮﻓﻴﻠــﺪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ ،ASTM-D1138‬ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ‪.(ASTM-1559‬‬

‫‪1- Unconfined compression‬‬

‫‪2- Indentation tests‬‬
‫‪3- Flow tests‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٤٤‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻢﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺮﺏ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ )ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟـﺎﻱ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﺘﻚﻫـﺎ ﻳـﺎ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻣـﻲﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﺎﺕ ﭼﻜﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴـﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٥٠‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺗﺠـﺎﻭﺯ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ -٣-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ )ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ( ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻟـﺰﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻤـﻞ ﻭ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈـﻪﺍﻱ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘـﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻗـﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺗـﺎ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮـ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺷـﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ )ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ( ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ )ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻛﻢ( ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٤٦‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻧـﺮﻡﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗـﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ( ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ GSC‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ )ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ ﭼﺮﺧـﺸﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫)‪ (GSC‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ )‪ (GSC‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺧﺎﺻﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ GSC‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻲﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ GSC‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﻛـﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ GSC‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻡ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻭﺳـﻂ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟـﺮﻡ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ‬
‫)ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺟـﺮﻡ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٤٨‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ‪ ١‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ( ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ‪ -‬ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻘـﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﻧﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﺷـﺮﻁ ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۵-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻜـﺴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ ﺗـﻨﺶﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻧﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧـﺪ( ﻧـﻪ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﻣﻜﻤـﻞ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺳـﻮﻡ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﺶﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Fundamental material properties‬‬

 ‫‪٤٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۶-۴-٢‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ‪ SHRP‬ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻳـﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻛـﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺩﺍﻣﻴﻜﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧـﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃـﻲ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧـﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪۳‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ]‪[٤‬‬

‫‪ -۱-۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ٨٠‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨٨‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻳﻦ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘــﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺳــﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ )‪ ،١(ARRB‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫــﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻤــﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘــﻞ ‪ARRB TR‬‬
‫‪ AUSTROAD‬ﻭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ )‪ ٣(AAPA‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ‪ R&B‬ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬

‫‪1- Australian Road Research Board‬‬

‫‪2- Transport Research‬‬
‫‪3- Australian Asphalt Pavement Association‬‬
 ‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡﺗﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ ١(MATA)MAT‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ ٢NAT‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴـﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﻨﺪﮔﻲ )ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ٣‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ( ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪) ٤‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‪ ٥‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣـﻲﺁﻳـﺪ( ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ MATTA‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،٦‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﺮﻓـﺖ )ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﻬـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ٧‬ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ‪ ٨‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﺷﺪﻥ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ‪ ٩NARC‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Materials Testing Apparatus‬‬ ‫‪2- Nathingham Asphalt Tester‬‬

‫‪3- Repeated Loading Indirect Tensile Test‬‬ ‫‪4- Rutting Resistance‬‬
‫‪5- Dynamic Creep Test‬‬ ‫)‪6- Gyratory shear compactor (GYROPAC‬‬
‫‪7- Wheel Tracking Test‬‬ ‫‪8- Refusal Density‬‬
‫‪9- National Asphalt Research committee‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٥٢‬‬

‫ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ SHRP‬ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜــﺎﻳﻲﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ASTO‬ﻓﻨﻼﻧــﺪﻱﻫــﺎ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﻃــﺮﺡ ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ -١‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﺒﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ -٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ -٣‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬

‫ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪١‬‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪ ١‬ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ٢١۵٠‬ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻟﺮ ﺗﺎﻣﭙﺴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ‪ b+ ./۵ ،b‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ b- ./۵‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ)‪ (b‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺗـﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ( ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻓﺮﻣـﻮﻝﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ‪ ٠/۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ )‪(b‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ ١GSC‬ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )‪ ١٢٠ ،٨٠ ،۵۰ ،١٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٣۵٠‬ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﺧﺮﻱ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪٣ ،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ٢۴٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳـﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ‪ ۶٠‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪1- Gyratory shear Compactor‬‬

 ‫‪٥٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ GSC‬ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ‪ ١/٢۵) SHRP‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ۶۰۰‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ( ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ‬
‫‪ Gyrropac‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ SHRP‬ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﻳـﻚ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺨﺎﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ b ± ۰/۵‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫)ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﺒﻚ ‪ ،۵٠‬ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ،٨٠‬ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ‪ .(١٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ VMA‬ﻭ ‪ VFA‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻴـﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﺒﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﻭ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ۴‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ‪ ۵‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٢‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ،٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪ ١‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻪﺗـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ،١‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ 2891.13.1‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ )‪ (AS‬ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ٢۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺑـﺮ ﺟﻬﻨـﺪﮔﻲ‪ ١‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬

‫‪1- Resilient Modulus‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٥٤‬‬

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‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ۵٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫)ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻨـﻴﻤﻢ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ )ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ﺷﻜـﺴﺖ( ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ( ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ )‪ (AS‬ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﹰﺎ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ MATTA‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ MAATA .‬ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ‬
‫‪ ۴/۵‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻭ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﭘﻮﺁﺳﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٠/۴‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺷـﺪﻩ ‪ ٢ALF‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺋﻴﺰﻟﻨـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺍﻗﺺ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ‪ ALF‬ﻃﺒﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٣‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻬـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪) ٢‬ﺩﻭ ﭘـﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ ٣GC‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ( ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬

‫‪1- Dynamic creep Test‬‬

‫‪2- Accelerated Loading Facility‬‬
‫‪3- Gyratory Compactor‬‬
 ‫‪٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ١‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ GC‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ‪ ٣۵٠‬ﺳـﻴﻜﻞ )ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ( ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ۶٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ۳۰۰cm2‬ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ ٧۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌـﺮﺽ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ ۵۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ ٧٠٠‬ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﺗﻜـﺮﺍﺭ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ NARC‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ SHRP M009‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ )ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ (۱۰HZ‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ١‬ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱-٣‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Wheel Traking Test‬‬

‫‪2- Stiffness‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٥٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 150o C‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪١‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ٣۵٠‬ﻭ ‪ ١٢٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٨٠‬ﻭ‪۵٠‬ﻭ‪١٠‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﺩﺭ ‪ ۴‬ﻳﺎ ‪ ۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ(‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪١‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ GSC‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ‪ 150 o C‬ﺩﺭ ‪١‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬
‫• ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫• ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٢‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ GSC‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎﻱ ‪ ٣۵٠‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ > ‪٠/٠٢‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٣‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱-٣‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫‪1- Dynamic creep‬‬
‫‪2- Resilient Modulus‬‬
 ‫‪٥٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -۲-۳‬ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨٧‬ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺁﺋـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ‪ CRR-R-61/87‬ﺍﻧﺘـﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﺎﻓـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗـﻮﭘﺮ ﻭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳـﺘﻪ )ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٧‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻟـﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﻌـﺪﹰﺍ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ ١SMA‬ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻊﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﻪ‬
‫‪ CRR‬ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺁﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ‬
‫)‪.(PRADO‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠـﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺖ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ(‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ‬

‫‪1- Stone Mastic Asphalt‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٥٨‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ)‪(VMA‬‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﻋﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬

‫• ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ )‪ VMA – (VMA‬ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻧـﺮﻡ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ‪PRADO‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺎﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ‪ -‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ‪l D = VQ − Ymin‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣـﻲﺁﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ‪ VQ‬ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ‪ Ymin‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﭘﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪ l D‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼـﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ /‬ﻓﻴﻠﺮ)ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ (k‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ‪ ، bmax = LD − F‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪b‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‪ -‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ‪(...‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺁﻳـﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﺷﺶ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ) ‪(Vm‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ( ) ‪( Pm‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ )ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ‪( Fm ) ( Pm‬‬
‫‪Pm‬‬
‫= ‪Qm‬‬ ‫‪ -۴‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬
‫‪Fm‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ) ‪( g m‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ) ‪( g R m‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ schellenbery , cantabro, 1W.T‬ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺍﻓـﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ W.T‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ SMA‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ‪ ٧٠٠٠٠‬ﻭ ‪ ١٠٠٠٠٠‬ﺳـﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻄﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ cantabro‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻛﻤﻲﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ( ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ ‪ schelenberg‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺍﺛـﺮﺍﺕ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺿـﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻥﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺰﻭﻣـﹰﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ ﺗـﻀﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﻫﻤـﺮﺍﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﮋﻳـﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺮﻡﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ‪PRADO‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٨‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ INTRO -١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ )ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻗﻴﺮ(‬
‫‪ BINDER -٢‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ SAND -٣‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ MATERIAL -۴‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺰ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‬
‫‪ GRADING -۵‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ MIXDESIGN -۶‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫‪1- Wheel Tracking Test‬‬

 ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ PPOPERTIES -۷‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ REPORT -۸‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬

‫• ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬
‫• ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫• ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪VMA‬‬
‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫• ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪PRADO‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫• ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ )‪ (p,s,f,b‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻢ‬

‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫)ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ(‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬

‫) ‪(V m , Pm , Fm , Q m , g m , g rm‬‬ ‫) ‪(V m , g m , g rm‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬

‫)‪(SMA‬‬ ‫)ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ(‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪cantabro‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪schellenberg‬‬

‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻲ‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٦٢‬‬

‫‪ -۳-۳‬ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١٩٨٧‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٩٩٢‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻖ ﻳﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‪ 1ASTO‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ )ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ‪ ،ASTO‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ )ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ( ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ‪ ASTO‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺁﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ ASTO‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣـﻮﺍﺩ ﺧـﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻤـﻚ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،١٩٩۵‬ﺁﺋﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ‪ ASTO‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺋـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻓﻨﻼﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻃﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺗﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺑـﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮﺩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﻣـﻮﻝﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺖ )ﺟﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ( ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Finnish initials for the Asphalt Pavement Research Program‬‬

 ‫‪٦٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ‪ASTO‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ ASTO‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﺎﺩ ﻛـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ )‪ ،(VMA‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ )‪ (VFB‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )‪ (VC‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻲ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧـﺎﻡ ‪ICT‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗـﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻭﭘـﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺗﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ،SHRP‬ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻓـﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤـﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‪ ٨٠-۶۵٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳـﻜﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢/۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ‪ ١۵‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ۶٠‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٨۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ‪ VMA‬ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ‪ VMA‬ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ٨٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺿﺪﻳﺦ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ASTO‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺎﺻﻲﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻳﺦ ﺷﻜﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺳـﻴﻠﻨﺪﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﭘﻮﺷـﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ »ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ« ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺧـﺮﺍﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ ٢‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﻛﻨـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ‬

‫‪1- Intensive Compactor Tester‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٦٤‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻣﻨﺤﻨـﻲ ﺧـﻂ ﺍﻓﺘـﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫‪ (mm/year- SRK cm3‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ،٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻘـﺶ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ )ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ( ﺑﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﹰﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺧﺰﺵ‪ ١‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ W.T‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ‪ ASTO‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻣﻲ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ‪ .‬ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﺏ )ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﺬﺏ‬
‫ﺁﺏ( ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ‬
‫)ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ +۵٠‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ -۴٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻛـﺸﺶ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻜﺘـﻪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻝ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﺱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ ٣‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬

‫‪1- Repeated Load creep test‬‬

‫‪2- Stiffiness‬‬
‫‪3- Fatigue Resistance‬‬
 ‫‪٦٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌـﺮﺽ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ )ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ( ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ‪ SMA‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣـﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺑﻲ( ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﮕـﻮ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪﻱ )‪(١٩٩۵‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻃﺒـﻖ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻳـﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﭘﻴـﺸﻴﻦ ﻓﻨﻼﻧـﺪ ﻣﺘﻜـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ‬
‫)ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ( ﻭ ﻫـﻢ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ(‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ،(۱-۳‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺰﺑـﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱-۳‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‬ ‫)ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﮊﻳﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻱ(‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪> ۵٠٠٠> ١٠٠٠٠‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪> ٢۵٠٠> ۵٠٠٠‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪> ١۵٠٠> ٢۵٠٠‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪< ١۵٠٠ <٢۵٠٠‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
‫‪GA.PA.SIP.SOP‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٦٦‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ C,B,A‬ﻭ ‪ D‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ( ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﺟﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑـﺎﻥﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺍﺣـﺪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳـﺖ(‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺷﻜـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺑـﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ )ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪﺍﻧـﺪ(‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﻓﻨﻼﻧـﺪﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻴـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪﻱﻫﺎ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺷـﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ‪ASTO‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﺮﺧـﺸﻲ ‪ (PANK 4115)GC‬ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫)‪ ،(PANK 4200‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑــﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴــﺮ ﺷــﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤــﻲ ﺑﻴــﺸﺘﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ‪ W.T‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻏﻴــﺮﺍﻳــﻦﺻــﻮﺭﺕ ﺑــﻪ ﻭﺳــﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﺧــﺰﺵ ﺑﺎﺭﮔــﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻜــﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪ ٢‬ﺍﻧــﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴــﺮﻱ ﻣــﻲﺷ ـﻮﺩ‬

‫‪1- Wear Resistance‬‬

‫‪2- Repeated loading creep test‬‬
 ‫‪٦٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫)‪ ،(PANK 4208‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲﮔﻮﺱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ )ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫)‪ (PANK 4401‬ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ‪+١٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ )‪ (PANK 4301‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ GAC,AC‬ﻭ ‪SMA‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﻪ ﭼﻨـﺪ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺗﻘـﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫـﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Indentation‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٦٨‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‪ICT‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺁﺑﻲ‬
‫‪II‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫‪II‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۳-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ ASTO‬ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ‬
 ‫‪٦٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -۴-۳‬ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٩٧٠‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ )ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ( ﻭ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪ ﺯﻳـﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ‪ ،١‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻴﻦ ﺁﻣـﺎﺩﻩﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻏﻠﺘﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‪ ٢‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﮕﺰﺍﺱ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ )ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﺸﻲ‪ ،(٣‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﺪ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٧٩‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓـﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳـﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ J.P.Grimaux‬ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ ۴LCPC‬ﮔـﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻓـﺮﺽ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ ۵PCG‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ‬

‫‪1- Duriez‬‬ ‫‪2- Gyratory Shear Compactor‬‬

‫‪3- Kneading Gyratory Compactor‬‬ ‫‪4- Laboratorie Central des Ponts st Chausses‬‬
‫‪5- Presse a Cisaillement Giratoire‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٧٠‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻳـﻚ ﻳـﺎ ﭼﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ(‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PCG‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ‪ PCG‬ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PCG‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻣـﻼﻙ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ)‪ -(GSC‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ ﭼﺮﺧـﺸﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧـﺴﻪ ‪PCG‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻴﻦ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪۲۰‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۶٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ( ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٧١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﺘﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺯﺩﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﭼـﺮﺧﺶ ﺑـﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ (ϕ = 1o ± 1),2ϕ‬ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ‪ ϕ‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ )ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ( ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪revs‬‬
‫‪ 32‬ﺗﺎ ‪n g max = 200, Vg = 6‬‬ ‫‪ = n g max‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫‪min‬‬
‫] ‪[h(ng ) − hmin‬‬
‫‪%V = 100‬‬ ‫‪ = n g‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫) ‪h( ng‬‬
‫‪ = V g‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫‪ = h‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫‪ = hmin‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫‪ =V‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ‪ F‬ﺍﺳـﺖ ‪ ( F = 12000N ± 250N‬ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ‪ ϕ‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ‪ 1/1o‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ )ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ (PCG‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﮔﺎﻣـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﺘﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ( ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻄﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨـﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PCG‬ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ) ‪(ng‬‬
‫‪ PCG‬ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻏﻠﺘﻚﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ) ‪ (n P‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪ n g = ken p‬ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪k‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٧٢‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻏﻠﺘﻚ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ‪ e‬ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑﺮﺣـﺴﺐ ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ ﺗـﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧـﺮﮊﻱ ﻏﻠﺘﻜـﻲ )ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ) ‪ (n g‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﻳﺘﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ‪ PCG‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ( ﺍﻃﻼﻋـﺎﺕ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟـﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺷـﻴﺐ ‪ K‬ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺭﺍﺳـﺖ ‪ %V = V1 + kpn n g‬ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ‬
‫‪ %V‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ‪ n g = 1‬ﻭ ‪ ng = 10‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ‪) F‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ( ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PCG‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ‪ F‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﻭﻉ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻥﺗﻬﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺰﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PCG‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨۵‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ )ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪ (PCG II‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ ١٩٩۵-٩۶‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ )ﻣـﺪﻝ ‪ ،(PCG II‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺁﺧـﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ )‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٠‬ﺗـﺎ ‪) 2o‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۵‬ﺗﺎﻳﻲ( ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ ١٠۵۵٠‬ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﻄـﺮ ﻭ‬
‫‪rev‬‬
‫‪.( 30‬‬ ‫‪ ۴٧٠٠‬ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ( ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ )‬
‫‪min‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺘـﺪ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﺮﺧـﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ SHRP ١‬ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻔـﺎﻭﺕﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜـﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ‪ ۴‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﭼـﺮﺧﺶ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺿـﻲ‬
 ‫‪٧٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫‪ superpave ١‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﻳﻤـﻲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﺣـﺎﻟﻲﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ‪ PCG‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ )ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ(‬

‫ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢﺳﺎﺯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺻـﻔﺤﻪ ﻣـﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺑﻌـﺎﺩ‬
‫‪ 600× 400‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ‪ 500× 180‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ ﻭ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ ‪ ۵٠‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻓـﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪﹰﺍ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣـﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﻳـﺎ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ‪ ٧‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﺮﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨﻨـﺪ؛ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ )ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ ﺗـﺎ ‪ ،۵٢٠daN‬ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻓﻘـﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ )ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ‪ ۶‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴـﻪ(‬
‫ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘﮋﻭﻫـﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻤـﻖ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ ۶٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪ 500× 180‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫‪ ١٠٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﺩﻱ )ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 6 × 10‬ﭘﺎﺳـﻜﺎﻝ ﻭ‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٧٤‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ۵٠٠‬ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ( ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ )ﻫﺮ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺑﺎ ‪ ٢٠۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺤـﺮﺍﻑ( ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻨﺪ )ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ ۵‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﻞ ﻋﺮﺿـﻲ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٣٠٠٠٠ ،١٠٠٠٠ ،٣٠٠٠ ،١٠٠٠ ،٣٠٠ ،١٠٠ ،٣٠‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧــﺎﺩﺭ ‪ ١٠٠٠٠٠‬ﺳــﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻘـﹰﺎ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒـﹰﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻗﻴـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩١‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﺮﺍﻧـﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ 106‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻤﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،١‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Constant Deformation Bending Test‬‬

 ‫‪٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ‪) k‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ‪ Σ‬ﻭ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ‪ ، α‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PCG‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ )ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٨‬ﺳﻴﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺨـﺘﻠﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ ﺳـﻜﺎﻧﺖ‪ ،١‬ﺍﻓـﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،٢‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ‪ 106‬ﺳـﻴﻜﻞ( ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺁﻥ )ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﻚ ﻛﺖ( ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠـﻲﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺩﻩﺑﻨـﺪﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﻛﻴﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Secant Modulus‬‬

‫‪2- Loss of Linearity‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٧٦‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲-۳‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪PCG‬‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PCG‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ PCG‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫)‪(NF pq8-253-1‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳــﺰ ﺩﺭ ‪١٨‬‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٨‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻳﺰ ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٨‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ )‪(NF pq8-253-1‬‬ ‫∗ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ‬

‫∗ ∗ ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﻜــﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠــﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫∗ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﮔﺮﺩ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ‬
‫∗ ∗ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ )‪(NF pq8-260-1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ )‪(NF pq8-260-2‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ )‪(NF pq8-260-1‬‬
 ‫‪٧٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -۵-۳‬ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﮔﻮﺱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺸﺮ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ SMA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺸﺮ ﺭﻭﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺸﺮ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺁﻧـﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩۶‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ DIN‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻗـﺴﻤﺖ ﺁﻣـﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ )ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ (۴‬ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ )ﺑﺨﺶ ‪ (٢‬ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻗـﺸﺮ ﺭﻭﻳـﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻓـﺼﻞ‬
‫‪ ZTV-Asphalt-StB94‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ‪ GSC‬ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ GSC‬ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٧٨‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۳-۳‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪SMA‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﮔﻮﺱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﻩ‬

‫ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫)ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﻩ(‬

‫‪ -۶-٣‬ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ )ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧـﻲ( ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺮﺍﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻌـﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ‪ Autostrade‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪٧٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺰﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ )ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ( ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺎﻳﻲ )‪(CNR‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﻐﺰﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻏﻠﺘﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﻬﺎﻱ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‪) ١‬ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺳـﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻳـﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﺳـﻴﻜﻠﻲ(‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪) JI‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ(‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺁﻟﻔﺎ ﻭ ‪) JP‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ ١٠‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ( ﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﻓـﻮﻕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۴٠ ،٢۵ ،١٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺳﺮﺑﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺨـﺘﻠﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟـﺬﻛﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻛـﺸﺶ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ‪ ۴٠ ،٢۵ ،١٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ )‪ ١۵‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ( ﺍﺯ ‪ ٧۵‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﻧﮕـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ‬

‫‪1- Unconfined Compression Static Creep Test‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٨٠‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )ﺍﺯ ‪ ٧۵‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺗﺎ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﻃـﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ( ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺮﺍﻩﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺭﺍﻫﻬـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻛﺸﺶ‪ ١‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﻤـﺸﻲ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
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‫ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪﻩ ﻏﻠﺘﻜـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟـﺰﻭﻡ ﺻـﺮﻑ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨـﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧـﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ ﺟﻤـﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ‪ CGS‬ﻭ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ SHRP‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Tensile – Compression‬‬

‫‪2- Roller Compactor‬‬
‫‪٨١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪CNR‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻻﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻏﻠﺘﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺁﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺧﺰﺵ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۴-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺮﺍﻫﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٨٢‬‬

‫‪ -٧-٣‬ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨٨‬ﺩﺭ ‪ SN640-431A‬ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺴﻲﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺩﻫﻪ ﻫﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﺀ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞﺩﻫﻨـﺪﻩ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺩﻩﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺳـﺒﻚ‬
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‫)‪ ،(L‬ﻋﺎﺩﻱ )‪ (N‬ﻭ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ)‪ (S‬ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻗـﺸﺮ ﺑﻴﻨـﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺸﺮ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‪ ٢‬ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﻮﺷـﺸﻲ ﻣﻘـﺎﻭﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻗـﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﻩ‪ ٣‬ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺯﻳـﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ L‬ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ N‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺣـﺎﻟﻲﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯﻧﻮﻉ ‪ S‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺮ ﺳﻔﺖﺗﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- base course‬‬

‫)‪2- Wearing course (AB‬‬
‫)‪3- road base (HMT‬‬
 ‫‪٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۴-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ SN64043Ia‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﺲ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ)‪(AB‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )‪(HMT‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪۲/۵ -۴/۵‬‬ ‫‪۳/۰ -۴/۵‬‬ ‫‪۳/۵ -۵/۰‬‬ ‫‪۳/۰ -۵/۰‬‬ ‫‪۳/۰ -۵/۰‬‬ ‫‪۳/۵ -۵/۵‬‬

‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‬

‫* ‪AB3‬‬
‫* ‪AB6‬‬ ‫‪٧٩-٨٩‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫* ‪AB11, HMT11‬‬ ‫‪٧٨-٨٨‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫* ‪AB16HMT 16‬‬ ‫‪٧۶-٨۶‬‬ ‫‪٧٣-٨٣‬‬ ‫‪٧٠-٨٠‬‬ ‫‪۶٢-٨٢‬‬ ‫‪۶٧-٨١‬‬ ‫‪۶۴-٧٨‬‬

‫* ‪HMT 22‬‬ ‫‪٧۵-٨۵‬‬ ‫‪٧٢-٨٢‬‬ ‫‪۶٨-٧٨‬‬ ‫‪۶٧-٨١‬‬ ‫‪۶۶-٨٠‬‬ ‫‪۶٣-٧٧‬‬

‫* ‪HMT 32‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۶۶-٨٠‬‬ ‫‪۶۵-٧٩‬‬ ‫‪۶٢-٧۶‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۶٣-٧٧‬‬ ‫‪۵٩-٧٣‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ )ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ( )‪(KN‬‬ ‫‪۶‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪۵‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ )ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ( )‪(mm‬‬ ‫‪۴/۵‬‬ ‫‪۴/۰‬‬ ‫‪۳/۵‬‬ ‫‪۴/۰‬‬ ‫‪۳/۵‬‬ ‫‪۳/۵‬‬

‫* ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٨٤‬‬

‫‪ -٨-٣‬ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩۶٠‬ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻠﻜـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ )ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ﻛـﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨٩‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﻋﻤـﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ )‪ 1(CROW‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺮﻭﺭ ﻃـﺮﺡﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻓﻌﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺁﻧـﺮﺍ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩۴‬ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻـﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻤﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳـﺎﻓﺘﻲ( ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ CROW‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑـﺪ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ‬

‫‪1- Center for Research and Contract Standardisation in Civil and Traffic Engineering‬‬
 ‫‪٨٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ ﺩﻳﻨـﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺤﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺧـﺰﺵ ﺩﻳﻨـﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﺮﺧـﺸﻲ ﻣﺎﻟـﺸﻲ‪ ،١‬ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Kneading Gyratory Compactor‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٨٦‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

‫)ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ ﺧﺎﺹ(‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ)ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ(‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۵-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ CROW‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻠﻨﺪ‬

‫‪٨٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ /‬ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﺭﻭﻳﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺮﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻥ‬

‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۶-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪CROW‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٨٨‬‬

‫‪ -٩-٣‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ )ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴـﺴﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ ١ HRA‬ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﻣـﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳـﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻛﻠـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖﺑﺨـﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻗﻴـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨـﺶ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ ١٩٧٠‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓـﺰﻭﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗـﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣـﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ HRA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٧٣‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ Bs594‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨۵‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑـﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ١٩٩٠‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ BS 594-1990‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﺳـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ ٩‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ ٠/۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴـﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Hot Rolled Asphalt‬‬

 ‫‪٨٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻴـﺎﺭﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑـﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻓﻘـﻂ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺩﻫﻪ ﻫﺸﺘﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬـﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺷـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺮﺭ‪ ،١‬ﺧﺰﺵ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ‪ ،٣‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳـﻪ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬـﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ‪ ٤NAT‬ﻣﻌـﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ )ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ( ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ )ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ( ﻭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﻓـﻮﻟﺮ‬

‫‪1- Repeated – load indirect tensile stiffness‬‬

‫‪2- Unaxial Creep‬‬
‫‪3- Repeated – load axial creep‬‬
‫‪4- Nothingham Asphalt Tester‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٩٠‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ ٠/٧‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ٠/۶‬ﻭ ‪ n=٠/۵‬ﺳﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ‪ ۴/١ ،٣/۵‬ﻭ ‪ ۴/٧‬ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ‪ ٩‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﹰﺎ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ‪ ١PRD‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒـﻲ ‪ ٧٠‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻳـﻚ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺒﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳـﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ‪ ٩٧ ،٩٣‬ﻭ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ‬
‫‪ ٢٧‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (VMA‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ NAT‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣـﻞ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ NAT‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ ٢(ITSM‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ ٣(ITFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ)‪ ۴ (UC‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻜـﺮﺭ )‪(RLA‬‬
‫‪۵‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Perecentage Refusal Density‬‬ ‫‪2- Indirect Tensile Stiffness‬‬

‫‪3- Indirect Tensile Fatigue Test‬‬ ‫‪4- Unaxial creep‬‬
‫‪5- Repeated load Axial‬‬
 ‫‪٩١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ RLA‬ﺑﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ UC‬ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ RLA‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﻳﻤـﻲ ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ RLA‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺑﻲ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ‪ PRD‬ﺁﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻃﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﻴـﺮ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻛـﺸﺶ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ NAT‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺯﻣـﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ (ITFT‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄـﺮ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ ﻭ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬
‫‪ ۴٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﻟﺴﻬﺎﻱ ﻳـﻚ ﻫﺮﺗـﺰ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﮔـﺴﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ ITFT‬ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘـﻪ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺍﻟﮕـﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ‪ ITFT‬ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺰﺑـﻮﺭ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻤـﺶ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ (ITSM‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٩٢‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﻣـﺪﻭﻝ ﺳـﻔﺘﻲ‪ ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ )ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ ۵‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ٨۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ( ﻭ‬
‫ﻏﻮﻃﻪﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬـﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‪ ٩ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ‪ ١۴‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺳـﻮﻡ ﺑـﻪ ‪ Bitutest‬ﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﻊﺗﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Stiffness Modulus‬‬

‫‪٩٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻟﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ ٠/٧‬ﻭ ‪ ٠/۶‬ﻭ ‪n = ٠/۵‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪PRD‬‬

‫)ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ،n‬ﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ ۴/٧ %‬ﻭ‪ ۴/١‬ﻭ ‪ MB = ٣/۵‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ y‬ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ y‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ )ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﻙ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ‪ ITSM‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۷-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺎﺗﻴﻨﮕﻬﺎﻡ )ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ(‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٩٤‬‬

‫‪ -١٠-٣‬ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٣٨‬ﺁﮊﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ MS2‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﻣﻞﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓــﺼﻞ ‪ ١‬ﺫﻛــﺮ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ(‪ .‬ﺍﻓــﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓــﺰﻭﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﺑــﺎﺭ ﻣﺤــﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻟــﺰﻭﻡ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ Superpave ١‬ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬

‫‪ -١-١٠-٣‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ ،Superpave‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﺍﺳـﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻫﻬـﺎ‬
‫)‪ ٢(SHRP‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٨٧‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٩٩٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ ٢۵‬ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺟﻤـﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ‪ Core‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ‪ ۵۰‬ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ‬

‫‪1- Superior Performing Asphalt Pavement‬‬

‫‪2- Strategic Highway Research program‬‬
 ‫‪٩٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺩﻫـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺍﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺷـﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺠـﺰﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﻣـﻮﻝﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫)‪ ،(۵-۳‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﺳـﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ )ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ( ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪) .‬ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٨٠‬ﻛﻴﻠـﻮ ﻧﻴـﻮﺗﻦ‬
‫) ‪ ( ESALS‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ ٨٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪(.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۵-۳‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ESALS‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫‪ESALS‬‬

‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪ESALS < 106‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪106 < ESAL S ≤ 107‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ESALS > 107‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ١‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪١‬ﻭ ‪٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٩٦‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺳـﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﻣـﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫـﺎ ﻋـﻼﻭﻩ ﺑـﺮ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‪ (GC) ١‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‪ SHRP ٢‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ١‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ )‪ (GC‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﭘﻴﺮﺷﺪﮔﻲ‪)٣‬ﻓﺮﺳـﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ( ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٤RTFO‬ﻭ ‪ ٥PAV‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﻣﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠـﺎﺋﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻃـﻲ ﻧﻜـﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟـﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻣﺨﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ١٣۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻓﺮﺳـﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺯﻣـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣـﺪﺕ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﺮﺳﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﻣﺪﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺨﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ‪ ٨۵‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮔﺮﻣﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺴﺘﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬

‫‪1- Gyratory Compactor‬‬ ‫‪2- SHRP Shear‬‬

‫‪3- Ageing‬‬ ‫‪4- Rolling Thin Film Oven Test‬‬
‫‪5- Pressure Ageing Vessel‬‬
 ‫‪٩٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲﺩﻫﻲ ‪ ١٠‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‪ ٢ ،‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ ،Superpave‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ AASHTO T233‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ« ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ SHRP M-006‬ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ »ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ« ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ SHRP M-006‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺑـﺮ ﺟﻬﻨـﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﻳﻨـﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‪ ١‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-١٠-٣‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ "‪ "Core‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ‪ SHRP‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ ٨٠‬ﺳـﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ‪٧٠٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻮﺍﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷـﺪﻩ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﺮﻡﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪(.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ )ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪ (١‬ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ ،Superpave‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Core‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪،‬‬

‫‪1- Dynamic Resilient Modulus‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪٩٨‬‬

‫ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ "‪ "Included‬ﻳﺎ "‪ "Associated‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫"‪ "Included‬ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Superpave‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﻳﺘﻤﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۲‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۳‬ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺮﺍﻩﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ "‪ "Associated‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ‪Superpave‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜـﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.(۸-۳‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ " ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ" ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ " ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ" ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ " ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤـﻞ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ" ﻳـﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻧﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ " ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ" ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻭ ﺗـﻨﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪٩٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺎﺯﺗﺎﺏ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺧﺰﺵ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۸-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ‪superpave‬‬

‫‪ -٣-١٠-٣‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ Superpave‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧـﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬

‫‪ -١-٣-١٠-٣‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ )ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ(‬

‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Superpave‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ "ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ"‪ ١‬ﻭ "ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺧـﺎﻡ ﻣﻌـﺪﻥ"‪ ٢‬ﻃﺒﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺩﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺩﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۴/٧۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺒﻬـﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺒﻬﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﻜـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧـﻪ »ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺨـﺶ ﺣﻤـﻞﻭﻧﻘـﻞ ﭘﻨـﺴﻴﻠﻮﺍﻧﻴﺎ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ۷«۶٢١‬ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻻﻳـﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۶-۳‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻗﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Consensus Properties‬‬ ‫‪2- Source Properties‬‬

‫‪3- Coarse Aggregate Angularity‬‬ ‫‪4- Film Aggregate Angularity‬‬
‫‪5- Flat Elongated particles‬‬ ‫‪6- Clay Content‬‬
‫‪7- Pennsylvania DOTs Test Method No.621‬‬
 ‫‪١٠١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۶-۳‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪[3] Superpave‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ـ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪ESALS‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۵۵/۰۰‬‬ ‫‪٠/٣‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۶۵/۰۰‬‬ ‫‪<١‬‬
‫‪۵٠/۰۰‬‬ ‫‪٧۵/۰۰‬‬ ‫‪<٣‬‬
‫‪۶٠/۰۰‬‬ ‫‪٨۵/٨٠‬‬ ‫‪<١٠‬‬
‫‪٨٠/٧۵‬‬ ‫‪٩۵/٩٠‬‬ ‫‪<٣٠‬‬
‫‪٩۵/٩٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠/١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪<١٠٠‬‬
‫‪١٠٠/١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠/١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪>١٠٠‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ‪ ٨۵/٨٠ :‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺒﻬـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ‪ ٨۵‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺒﻬـﻪ ‪٨٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺩﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢/٣۶‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘـﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧـﻪ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ١‬ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫‪ AASHTO TP33‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘـﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﺯﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻳـﻪ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.(۷-۳‬‬

‫‪1- Loosely Compacted‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٠٢‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۷-۳‬ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺷﻪﺩﺍﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪[3] Superpave‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ـ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫‪ESALS‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪<٠/٣‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۴٠‬‬ ‫‪<١‬‬
‫‪۴٠‬‬ ‫‪۴٠‬‬ ‫‪<٣‬‬
‫‪۴٠‬‬ ‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪<١٠‬‬
‫‪۴٠‬‬ ‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪<٣٠‬‬
‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪<١٠٠‬‬
‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪≥ ۱۰۰‬‬

‫ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﭘﻬـﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ASTM D4791‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺣـﺴﺐ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.(۸-۳‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۸-۳‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ‪[3] Superpave‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ـ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ‪ESALS‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪<٠/٣‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪>١٠٠‬‬
 ‫‪١٠٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﺮﺣـﺴﺐ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻣﺎﺳـﻪﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪ ASTM-D2419‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻌـﺎﺩﻝ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.(۹-۳‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۹-۳‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ‪ SE‬ﺩﺭ ‪[3] Super pave‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‪SE‬‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ـ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ‪ESALS‬‬

‫‪۴۰‬‬ ‫‪<٠/٣‬‬
‫‪۴۰‬‬ ‫‪<١‬‬
‫‪۴۰‬‬ ‫‪<٣‬‬
‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪<١٠‬‬
‫‪۴۵‬‬ ‫‪<٣٠‬‬
‫‪۵۰‬‬ ‫‪<١٠٠‬‬
‫‪۵۰‬‬ ‫‪≥ 100‬‬

‫ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺪﻥ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻛﻠـﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘـﻴﻦ ‪ SHRP‬ﺍﻋـﻼﻡ ﻛـﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‰ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‪ ١‬ﻟﻮﺱ ﺁﻧﺠﻠﺲ‬
‫‰ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪) ٢‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ(‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻀﺮﻩ‬

‫‪1- Toughness‬‬
‫‪2- Soundness‬‬
‫‪3- Deleterious Materials‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٠٤‬‬

‫ ﺳﺨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻟﻮﺱﺁﻧﺠﻠـﺲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ASTM-C131-C535‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠـﺎﺯ ﺍﻓـﺖ ﻭﺯﻧـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ‪ ۳۵‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۴۵‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻴﺰﻳﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ ASTM-C88‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺣـﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ١٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﻥﺁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﻥﺁﻭﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻏﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻞ‪ ،١‬ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺳـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ ﻣــﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳــﺎﻥﺁﻭﺭ ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣــﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳــﻨﮕﻲ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧــﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺷــﺖﺩﺍﻧــﻪ ﺑــﺮ ﺍﺳــﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫‪ ASTM-C142‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳـﺎﻥﺁﻭﺭ ﺑﺮﺣـﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٠/٢‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ٠/۴۵‬ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟـﻲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟـﻚ ‪ ٠/٠٧۵‬ﻣﻴﻠـﻲﻣﺘـﺮ‬
‫)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٢/٣۶ ،(٢٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ )ﺍﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (٨‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳـﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ‬

‫‪1- Shale‬‬
 ‫‪١٠٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ‪ ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳـﺘﺎﻱ ﺧـﻂ ﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ۴‬ﻭ ‪ ۵٠‬ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟـﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۰-۳‬ﺗﺎ )‪ (۱۴-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﺮﺳـﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻗﻴـﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Restricted Zone‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٠٦‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۰-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۳۷/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۵۰‬‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۹۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۳۷/۵‬‬
‫‪۲۵‬‬
‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫‪۱۲/۵‬‬
‫‪۹/۵‬‬
‫‪۳۴/۷‬‬ ‫‪۳۴/۷‬‬ ‫‪۴/۷۵‬‬
‫‪۲۳/۳‬‬ ‫‪۲۷/۳‬‬ ‫‪۴۱/۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۵/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲/۳۶‬‬
‫‪۱۵/۵‬‬ ‫‪۲۱/۵‬‬ ‫‪۱/۱۸‬‬
‫‪۱۱/۷‬‬ ‫‪۱۵/۷‬‬ ‫‪۰/۶۰۰‬‬
‫‪۱۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۰‬‬ ‫‪۰/۳۰۰‬‬
‫‪۰/۱۵۰‬‬
‫‪۶/۰‬‬ ‫‪۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۰/۰۷۵‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﺑﻪﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪۰/۴۵‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۹-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪(۱۰-۳‬‬

‫‪١٠٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۱-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۲۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۳۷/۵‬‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۹۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲۵‬‬
‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫‪۱۲/۵‬‬
‫‪۹/۵‬‬
‫‪۴/۷۵‬‬
‫‪۳۹/۵‬‬ ‫‪۳۹/۵‬‬ ‫‪۴۵/۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۹/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲/۳۶‬‬
‫‪۲۶/۸‬‬ ‫‪۳۰/۸‬‬ ‫‪۱/۱۸‬‬
‫‪۱۸/۱‬‬ ‫‪۲۴/۱‬‬ ‫‪۰/۶۰۰‬‬
‫‪۱۳/۶‬‬ ‫‪۱۷/۶‬‬ ‫‪۰/۳۰۰‬‬
‫‪۱۱/۴‬‬ ‫‪۱۱/۴‬‬ ‫‪۰/۱۵۰‬‬
‫‪۷/۰‬‬ ‫‪۱/۰‬‬ ‫‪۰/۰۷۵‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﺑﻪﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪۰/۴۵‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۰-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪(۱۱-۳‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٠٨‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۲-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۱۹‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲۵‬‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۹۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫‪۱۲/۵‬‬
‫‪۹/۵‬‬
‫‪۴/۷۵‬‬
‫‪۳۴/۶‬‬ ‫‪۳۴/۶‬‬ ‫‪۴۹/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲۳/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲/۳۶‬‬
‫‪۲۲/۳‬‬ ‫‪۲۸/۳‬‬ ‫‪۱/۱۸‬‬
‫‪۱۶/۷‬‬ ‫‪۲۰/۷‬‬ ‫‪۰/۶۰۰‬‬
‫‪۱۳/۷‬‬ ‫‪۱۳/۷‬‬ ‫‪۰/۳۰۰‬‬
‫‪۰/۱۵۰‬‬
‫‪۸/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲/۰‬‬ ‫‪۰/۰۷۵‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﺑﻪﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪۰/۴۵‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۱-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪(۱۲-۳‬‬

‫‪١٠٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۳-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۱۲/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۹۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۲/۵‬‬
‫‪۹/۵‬‬
‫‪۴/۷۵‬‬
‫‪۳۹/۱‬‬ ‫‪۳۹/۱‬‬ ‫‪۵۸/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲۸/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲/۳۶‬‬
‫‪۲۵/۶‬‬ ‫‪۳۱/۶‬‬ ‫‪۱/۱۸‬‬
‫‪۱۹/۱‬‬ ‫‪۲۳/۱‬‬ ‫‪۰/۶۰۰‬‬
‫‪۱۵/۵‬‬ ‫‪۱۵/۵‬‬ ‫‪۰/۳۰۰‬‬
‫‪۰/۱۵۰‬‬
‫‪۱۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲/۰‬‬ ‫‪۰/۰۷۵‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﺑﻪﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪۰/۴۵‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۲-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(۱۳-۳‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١١٠‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۴-۳‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ۹/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﻴﻤﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺰﻳﻤﻢ‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۱۲/۵‬‬
‫‪۱۰۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۹۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۹/۵‬‬
‫‪۴/۷۵‬‬
‫‪۴۷/۲‬‬ ‫‪۴۷/۲‬‬ ‫‪۶۷/۰‬‬ ‫‪۳۲/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲/۳۶‬‬
‫‪۳۱/۶‬‬ ‫‪۳۷/۶‬‬ ‫‪۱/۱۸‬‬
‫‪۲۳/۵‬‬ ‫‪۲۷/۵‬‬ ‫‪۰/۶۰۰‬‬
‫‪۱۸/۷‬‬ ‫‪۱۸/۷‬‬ ‫‪۰/۳۰۰‬‬
‫‪۰/۱۵۰‬‬
‫‪۱۰/۰‬‬ ‫‪۲/۰‬‬ ‫‪۰/۰۷۵‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ ﺑﻪﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪۰/۴۵‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۳-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪(۱۴-۳‬‬

 ‫‪١١١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ )‪ (PG‬ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻔـﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤـﻞ )ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ( ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪) .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴـﺮ‪ PG-52-16‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﻥ )ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ( ‪ ۵٢‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺁﻥ ‪ -١۶‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪ .‬ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫)‪ (۱۵-۳‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ PG‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١١٢‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۵-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ )‪(SHRP‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۵-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ )‪(SHRP‬‬

‫‪١١٣‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١١٤‬‬

‫‪ -۴-١٠-٣‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻪ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣﺠـﺰﺍ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.(۱۶-۳‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۶-۳‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ESALS‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪ESALS < 106‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ +‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪106 < ESAL S ≤ 107‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ +‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪ESALS > 107‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ AASHTO-T283‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١-۴-١٠-٣‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪Superpave ١‬‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺳـﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺳـﺒﻚ‬
‫) ‪ ( EASLS 80KN < 106‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ Superpave‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

 ‫‪١١٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ )ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺷﻜـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻬﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺱ(‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ )ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺖ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﻥﺁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ(‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺻﻼﺡﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ) ‪(Gmb , Gmm‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪N max imum , N design , N initial ,%Gmm‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ‪VMA‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺮـ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ -۴‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١١٦‬‬

‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ‪N max imum , N design , N initial ,%Gmm‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ‪ -‬ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ ۴‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ‪ SHRP‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺳـﻴﺪﻥ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷـﺖﺩﺍﻧـﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ‪ SHRP‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﻣﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ‪ Superpave ،١SGC‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬

‫‪1- Superpave Gyratory Compactor‬‬

 ‫‪١١٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺗﮕﺰﺍﺱ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻱﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ ۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺞ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ SGC‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۴-۳‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١١٨‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۴-۳‬ﺷﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪SGC‬‬

‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ ۶٠٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭﺳﻨﺞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻪ ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﻗﺎﻟـﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ ٣٠‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪ‬
‫‪ ١/٢۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ SGC‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
 ‫‪١١٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺳـﺘﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻘـﺎﻝ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃـﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻲﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ Superpave‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺿـﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ٧‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﭼـﺮﺧﺶ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۷-۳‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۷-۳‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪ SGC‬ﺩﺭ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫‪Design‬‬ ‫‪Average Design High Air Temperature‬‬
‫‪ESALS‬‬ ‫‪< 39 C‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪39 − 40 o C‬‬ ‫‪41 − 42 o C‬‬ ‫‪43 − 44 o C‬‬
‫‪N ini‬‬ ‫‪N des N max‬‬ ‫‪N ini‬‬ ‫‪N des N max‬‬ ‫‪N ini‬‬ ‫‪N des‬‬ ‫‪N max‬‬ ‫‪N ini‬‬ ‫‪N des‬‬ ‫‪N max‬‬
‫‪millions‬‬

‫‪<0.3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬ ‫‪104‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪114‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬
‫‪0.3-1‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪76‬‬ ‫‪117‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪83‬‬ ‫‪129‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪138‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬ ‫‪146‬‬
‫‪1-3‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪86‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪158‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬ ‫‪167‬‬
‫‪3-10‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬ ‫‪152‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪106‬‬ ‫‪169‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪113‬‬ ‫‪181‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬ ‫‪192‬‬
‫‪10-30‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪109‬‬ ‫‪174‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬ ‫‪195‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪128‬‬ ‫‪208‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪135‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬
‫‪30-100‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪126‬‬ ‫‪204‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪139‬‬ ‫‪228‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪146‬‬ ‫‪240‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪153‬‬ ‫‪253‬‬
‫‪>100‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪143‬‬ ‫‪235‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪158‬‬ ‫‪262‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪165‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪172‬‬ ‫‪288‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱﻛـﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ) ‪ (G sb‬ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮﻱ‬
‫) ‪ (G sa‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـــﺼﻮﺹ ﻣـــﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـــﻮﻁ ﻣـــﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـــﻨﮕﻲ ) ‪ (Gse‬ﺑـــﺎ ﺍﺳـــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـــﻪ‬
‫) ‪ (Gse ) = (Gsb ) + 0/8((G sa − Gsb‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﺨﻤـﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٢٠‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪Gb × (Vbe + Vba‬‬ ‫) ‪P (1 − Va‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪Pbi‬‬ ‫‪× 100 Vba = s‬‬ ‫(×‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪(Gb × (Vbe + Vba ) + Ws‬‬ ‫‪Pb‬‬ ‫‪Ps‬‬ ‫‪Gsb Gse‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪Gb‬‬ ‫‪Gse‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ) ‪ (Vba‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‬
‫‪ = Vba‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ = Pb‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ )‪ ٠/٠۵‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬
‫‪ = Ps‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ )‪ ٠/٩۵‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬
‫‪ = Gb‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻗﻴﺮ)‪ ١/٠٢‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬
‫‪ = Va‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ(‬
‫‪ = Pbi‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ(‬
‫‪ = Ws‬ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪) Gmm‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ (AASHTO-T204‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪) .‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺪﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ( ﭘـﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ ۴‬ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻣﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ‪ ١٣۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﺣـﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪ GSC‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪) .‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ١/٢۵‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ‪ ۶٠٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳـﻜﺎﻝ( ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﻓﻌـﺎﺕ ﭼـﺮﺧﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ N max imum , N design , N initial‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۷-۳‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ) ‪ ( N max‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻـﻞ ﺗـﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ‬
 ‫‪١٢١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﭼﺮﺧﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ‪ Gmm‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼـﺮﺧﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨـﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪Wm / Vmx‬‬
‫‪) Gmb = C × Gmb‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ(‬ ‫= ‪ Gmb‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪γw‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱﺷﺪﻩ ‪Gmb‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫‪Gmb‬‬
‫=‪C‬‬ ‫= ‪%Gmm‬‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ‪G mb‬‬ ‫‪ Gmm‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = Gmb‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ = Wm‬ﺟﺮﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ -‬ﮔﺮﻡ‬
‫‪ = Vmx‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫‪ = γ w‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺁﺏ= ‪ ١‬ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬
‫‪ =C‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ " ‪ " N max , N des , N ini‬ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ) ‪ (Va‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (VMA‬ﺩﺭ ‪ N des‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪Va = 100 − %Gmm N des‬‬
‫‪%Gmm N des × Gmm × Ps‬‬
‫( ‪VMA = 100 −‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪G sb‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = Va‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ = %Gmm N des‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪N des‬‬
‫‪ = Gmm‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ = G sb‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫‪ = Ps‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٢٢‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻳـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪ ۴‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫]) ‪Pb = Pbi − [0.4(4 − Va‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = Pb‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ = Pbi‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ = Va‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪N des‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (VMA‬ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺯﻳـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪) %VMA + C (4 − Va‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ( = ‪) % VMA‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ(‬
‫‪ =C‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )ﺍﮔﺮ ) ‪ (Va‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﺎ ‪ ٠/١‬ﻭ ﺍﮔـﺮ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٠/٢‬ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (VMA‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳـﻤﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫)‪ (۱۸-۳‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۸-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ VMA‬ﺩﺭ ‪[3] Superpave‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪mm‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪%VMA‬‬

‫‪۹/۵‬‬ ‫‪۱۵‬‬
‫‪۱۲/۵‬‬ ‫‪۱۴‬‬
‫‪۱۹‬‬ ‫‪۱۳‬‬
‫‪۲۵‬‬ ‫‪۱۲‬‬
‫‪۳۷/۵‬‬ ‫‪۱۱‬‬
 ‫‪١٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪ (VFA‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ %VMA -۴‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ(‬
‫__________________ = ‪) = ١٠٠‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ( ‪%VFA‬‬
‫‪ %VMA‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ VFA‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻌـﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫)‪ (۱۹-۳‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۹-۳‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ VFA‬ﺩﺭ ‪[3] Superpave‬‬

‫‪ ESALs‬ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ـ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪VFA‬‬

‫‪<۰/۳‬‬ ‫‪۷۰-۸۰‬‬
‫‪<۱‬‬ ‫‪۶۵-۷۸‬‬
‫‪<۳‬‬ ‫‪۶۵-۷۸‬‬
‫‪<۱۰‬‬ ‫‪۶۵-۷۵‬‬
‫‪<۳۰‬‬ ‫‪۶۵-۷۵‬‬
‫‪<۱۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۶۵-۷۵‬‬
‫‪≥ ۱۰۰‬‬ ‫‪۶۵-۷۵‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ‪ Gmm‬ﺩﺭ ‪ N ini‬ﻭ ‪ N max‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫) ‪ %Gmm = %Gmm N ini − (4 − Va‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ‪N ini‬‬
‫) ‪ %Gmm = %Gmm N max − (4 − Va‬ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ‪N max‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ‪ N ini‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٨٩‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ N max‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬
‫‪P0/075‬‬
‫= ‪ DP‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ٩٨‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬
‫‪Pbe‬‬
‫‪ = P0/075‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻚ ‪ ۰/۰٧۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪ = Pbe‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٢٤‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻗﺒـﻮﻝ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ‪ DP‬ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ ٠/۶‬ﺗـﺎ ‪١/٢‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﺳـﻨﺠﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻼﻙ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻـﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ‪ + 1 ± 0/5‬ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ SGC‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫) ‪ ، (Va‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )‪ (VMA‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻴـﺮ )‪(VFA‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺷـﻜﻞ ‪ .(۱۵-۳‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪١٢٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۵-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪Superpave ١‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٢٦‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ AASHTO-T283‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ ٨٠‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-۴-١٠-٣‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪Superpave ٢‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ Superpave ٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ) ‪(106 < ESAL s 80KN ≤ 107‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪) ١‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻲﺷـﻮﺩ( ﺑـﻪ ﻗـﺪﺭ ﻛـﺎﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨـﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ١‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧـﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٢‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ ۳‬ﺳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺮﻱ ‪ ۴‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺘـﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٧‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ( ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﻫـﺮ ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‪ ١‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ )ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ )‪ Teff (FC‬ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ)‪ Teff (PD‬ﻭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ‬

‫‪1- Sweep Frequency Test‬‬

 ‫‪١٢٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ ٠/١ ،٢ ،۵ ،١٠‬ﻭ ‪ ٠/٠۵‬ﻭ ‪ ٠/٠٢‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ( ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ] )‪ [ Teff (PD‬ﻭ ] )‪ [ Teff (FC‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺎﻧﮋﺍﻧﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﺗﺎﻧﮋﺍﻧﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻗﻲﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫـﺮ ﺳـﺮﻱ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻛﺸـﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ )‪ Teff (FC‬ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ ۵۰mm/min‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳـﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻦ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‪ ١‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺳـﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧـﺴﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﺳـﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘـﹰﺎ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﻛـﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ )ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺼﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺳـﻔﺘﻲ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺳـﺮﻱ ‪٣‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ _ 20 c‬ﻭ ‪ _10 c‬ﻭ ‪0 c‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 10 c‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓـﺰﺍﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﻣـﻲﻛﻨـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ )ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ )ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ( ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺗـﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳـﻌﺖ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙ( ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻛــﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴــﻴﻦ ﻣــﻲﮔــﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻘــﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺳــﻪ ﻋﺎﻣــﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺑــﻲ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻄﺢ‬
‫‪ Superpave ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪(۱۶-۳‬‬

‫‪1- Stiffiness Value‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٢٨‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﮕـﻮﻱ ﻫـﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﮕﻮﻱ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪١٢٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۶-۳‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٣٠‬‬

‫‪ -٣-۴-١٠-٣‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪Superpave ٣‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃــﺮﺡ ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻁ ﺳــﻄﺢ‪ Superpave ٣‬ﻛــﻪ ﺍﺧﺘــﺼﺎﺹ ﺑــﻪ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷــﺪ ﺳــﻨﮕﻴﻦ‬
‫) ‪ ( ESALs ≥ 107‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻻﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄـﻲ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻛـﺮﻧﺶ ﺗـﻚ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧـﺰﺵ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻭﻝ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻬـﺎﺭ ﻓـﺼﻞ ﺳـﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻤـﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺷـﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ )‪ Ndes‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ‪ GC‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 107‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ‪ Ndes‬ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ Va‬ﻭ ‪ VMA‬ﻭ ‪VFA‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﺀ ﺳـﻪ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ‪ Va‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ %٣‬ﻭ ‪ %۴‬ﻭ ‪ %۶‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۹-۳‬ﻭ )‪ (۲۰-۳‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻗﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٣١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱۹-۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫)‪Teff (PD‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ‪ -١٠ ،-٢٠‬ﻭ ‪٠° C‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳـﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧـﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬ ‫) ‪Teff (FC‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ‪١٠° C‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫)‪Teff (PD‬‬ ‫) ‪Teff (FC‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳـــﻔﺘﻲ ﺧـــﺰﺵ ﻗﻴـــﺮ )‪ (s‬ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺰﺵ )‪(m‬‬

‫) ‪Teff (FC‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣــﺖ ﻛــﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣــﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫‪ ۴٠ ،٢٠‬ﻭ ‪۱٠° C‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ -١٠ ،-٢٠‬ﻭ ‪٠° C‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳـــﻔﺘﻲ ﺧـــﺰﺵ ﻗﻴـــﺮ )‪ (s‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺰﺵ )‪(m‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢٠ ،۴‬ﻭ ‪۴٠° C‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢٠ ،۴‬ﻭ ‪۴۰° C‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٢٠ ،۴‬ﻭ ‪۴٠° C‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ )ﺭﻭﻧﺪﮔﻲ( ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ Te‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٣٢‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲۰-۳‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ۳‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ۳‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑـﻴﻦ ‪ ۴‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ ۴۰ OC‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ،۳‬ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ۲‬ﻳﻚ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ،۳‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ‪ ۳‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ،۲‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ ﻫـﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺷـﻲ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﺗﻨﻬـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻛـﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟـﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫)‪ (۲۱-۳‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٣٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲۱-۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻛﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ )‪Teff(PD‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ )‪Teff(PD‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ ۲۰ ،۴‬ﻭ ‪۴۰ ◦C‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮐﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﮏ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ ۲۰ ،۴‬ﻭ ‪۴۰ ◦C‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻤﻲﺩﺭ ‪ ۲۰ ،۴‬ﻭ ‪۴۰ ◦C‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ ۲۰ ،۴‬ﻭ ‪۴۰ ◦C‬‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ )ﺭﻭﻧﺪﮔﻲ( ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗـﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ Te‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴـﺐ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻈـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ )‪ (۱۷-۳‬ﻭ )‪ (۱۸-۳‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺷـﺪﻩ )ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳـﻪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﻴﭻﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ‪ C‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺳـﺎﺯﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻟـﻴﻜﻦ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ B‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٣٤‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ‪ B‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۷-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‬

 ‫‪١٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۸-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ‬

‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ B‬ﻭ ‪ C‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎﻱ )‪ (۱۸-۳‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ‪C‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ‪ A‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ‪ SST‬ﻭ ‪ IDT‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻣـﺪﻝ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﭘﻼﺳـﺘﻴﻚ ﻭ ﮔـﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻤـﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻭ ﻛـﺮﻧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﺍﺛـﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٣٦‬‬

‫ﺁﺏﻭﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۹-۳‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ= ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻻﻳﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱۹-۳‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫‪ -۵-١٠-٣‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ )‪(SHRP-A698‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃــﺮﺡ ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻁ ﭘﻴــﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ‪ SHRP-A698‬ﻛــﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨــﻲ ﺑــﺮ ﻃــﺮﺡ ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
 ‫‪١٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫‪ SHRP-A698‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )‪ ١(RSST-CH‬ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‪ .١‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﺳـﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﻤﺶ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ١۵‬ﺗـﺎ ‪٣٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺁﻳـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ RSST-CH‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ‪ ۵‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ‪ PG‬ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ ﻣـﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻫـﻴﭻﮔـﺎﻩ ﭘـﻴﺶ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺁﻣـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﻴـﻖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ VMA‬ﻭ ‪ VFA‬ﺗـﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ )ﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻗﻴـﺮﻱ( ﻣـﻲﺗـﻮﺍﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻣﺤـﺴﻮﺳﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۶-١٠-٣‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑـﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺟﻬـﺖ‬

‫ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻛــﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑــﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨــﺎ ﻛــﻪ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳــﺸﺎﺕ ﻓﻘــﻂ ﺑــﺮﺍﻱ ﺳــﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻃــﺮﺡ ﺍﺧــﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٣٨‬‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺵ ‪ ١(SST) Superpave‬ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪ ٢(IDT‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١-۶-١٠-٣‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ‪ (SST) Superpave‬ﻳﺎ )‪(STD‬‬

‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻘـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭼـﺮﺥﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻭ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻫﻴـﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ‪ ٣٢KN‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛـﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﻧﻴـﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ١‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ ٨٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻟـﺰﻭﻡ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Superpave Shear Tester‬‬ ‫‪2- Indirect Tensile Tester‬‬

‫‪3- Superpave Shear Tester‬‬ ‫‪4- Shear Tester Device‬‬
 ‫‪١٣٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺖﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ ١LVDT‬ﺗـﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺶ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ٨‬ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ Superpave ٣‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ ٣‬ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑـﺮﺵ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺳـﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧـﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻤـﻖ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ‪ ٢‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪1- Linear Variable Differential Transducers‬‬ ‫‪2- Volumetric Test‬‬

‫‪3- Uniaxil Strain Test‬‬ ‫‪4- Repeated Shear Test at Constant Stress Ratio‬‬
‫‪5- Repeated shear Test at Constant Height‬‬ ‫‪6- simple shear Test at Constant Height‬‬
‫‪7- Frequency Sweep Test at Constant Height‬‬ ‫‪8- Confining pressure‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٤٠‬‬

‫‪ (۱‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻣﺎ ‪ ۴٠ ،٢٠ ،۴‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ ۵۵٠ ،۶٩٠ ،٨٣٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪ ٧٠‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ LVDT‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۰-۳‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋـﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۰-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬

‫‪ (۲‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ LVDT .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺣﺲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ‪٢‬ﻭ ‪٢٠‬ﻭ ‪ ۴٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ ٣۴۵ ،۵۵٠ ،۶۵۵‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ‬
 ‫‪١٤١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫـﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳـﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ ‪LVDT‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۱-۳‬ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۱-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬

‫‪ (۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻳـﻞ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ )ﺭﻭﻧﺪﮔﻲ( ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٠/٧‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ ٠/١‬ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ‪ ٠/۶‬ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (۲۲-۳‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۵٠٠٠‬ﺗـﺎ ‪ ١٢٠٠٠٠‬ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺗـﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪ ١/٢‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ١/۵‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻘـﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗـﻨﺶﻫـﺎ ﻣـﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٤٢‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝ )‪ (Tc‬ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤـﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺩﻣــﺎ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﻬــﺖ ﺷــﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫــﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷــﺪ ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ ﺳـﻪ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻓـﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۲-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪ (۴‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ Superpave ٣‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ‪۶٨‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻁ ﭘﻴـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ‪ LVDT‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ٠/٧‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ ٠/١‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ‪ ٠/۶‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤـﻮﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌـﺮﺽ ‪ ۵۰۰۰‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .(۲۳-۳‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷـﻜﻞﻫـﺎ‬
 ‫‪١٤٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ Tmax‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ٧‬ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤـﻖ ‪۵٠‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۳-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ )ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ( ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪ (۵‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﺷﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻳـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻧﺒـﺴﺎﻁ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ LVDT‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۴-۳‬ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ ﻭ ﺗـﻨﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ )‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ (٣‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲۲-۳‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎ ﻭ ﺗـﻨﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻗﻴـﺪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ(‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ) ‪ Teff (FC‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻣـﺎ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٤٤‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۴-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲۲-۳‬ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺮﺡ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﺳﻮﭘﺮﭘﻴﻮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪Mix Design Level‬‬ ‫‪Temperature, C‬‬ ‫‪Shear Stress, kPa‬‬

‫)‪Teff(PD‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪Teff(FC‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪345‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪405‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
 ‫‪١٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ (۶‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ Superpave ٣‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﻛـﺮﻧﺶ ﺑﺮﺷـﻲ ﻛﻨﺘـﺮﻝﺷـﺪﻩ ‪ ٠/٠٠۵‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺻﺪ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻛـﺎﻧﺲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ‪٠/٠٠۵ ،٠/١ ،٠/٢ ،٠/۵ ،١‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ ٠/٠٠٢‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺑـﺮﺵ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ LVDT‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔـﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ )ﺷـﻜﻞ‬
‫‪ (۲۵-۳‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ )‪ Teff (PD‬ﻭ ) ‪Teff (FC‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ٢٠ ،۴‬ﻭ ‪ ۴٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۵-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪ -٢-۶-١٠-٣‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )‪(IDT‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛـﺮ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٤٦‬‬

‫ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ‬
‫)ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ( ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ +٢٠‬ﺗﺎ ‪ -٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ(‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ )ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ(‬

‫‪ (۷‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ Superpave ٣‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ‪ -١٠ ،٠‬ﻭ ‪ -٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻲﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﺍﺳـﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﺮ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪.(۲۶-۳‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۶-۳‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ‬

 ‫‪١٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺧـﺰﺵ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ ۵‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ٧۵٠‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤـﻮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ LVDT‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴـﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺗﺎ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ )ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭘﻴﻚ( ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ Superpave ٢‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪-١٠ ،٠‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ -٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛـﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣـﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ‪ -١٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔـﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ Superpave ٣‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻫـﺮﺩﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻪ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺣـﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ (۸‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴـﺮ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫) ‪ Teff (FC‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ‪ ۴ ،٢٠‬ﻭ ‪ -١٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺸﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۷-۳‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺶ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﻄﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۷-۳‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٤٨‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٢‬ﻭ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭ ﺷـﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۸-۳‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﺸﺮ ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ )ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻛﺶ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲۱-۳‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪١٤٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪١‬‬

‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ‪GS‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪١‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻨــﺶ ﺛﺎﺑـــﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨــﺶ ﺛﺎﺑـــﺖ‬

‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ(‬ ‫ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ )ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ(‬

‫ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻴﺮﭼﻪ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ ٢‬ﻭ ‪٣‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫)ﺍﺧﺘــﻴــﺎﺭﻱ(‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۲۸-۳‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ‪Superpav‬‬

 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪۴‬‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫‪ -۱-۴‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨـﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫـﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺖﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺻﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺁﮔـﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺮ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷـﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺍﺻـﻮﻝ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻧـﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤـﺮ ﺧـﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫـﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﻲ‬
 ‫‪١٥١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﮕـﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻗﻴﺮﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﺥ ﻧﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻟﺨﺖﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺷـﺪﮔﻲ ﺳـﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺭﺥ ﻧﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﮔـﺎﻡ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-۴‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫـﺮ ﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ )ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ(‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

 ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪١٥٢‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ )ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﺮ(‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨﺶ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ )ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ(‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻃﻲ ﺳـﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻤـﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﭘـﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨـﻲ ﻭ ﺿـﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨﺶ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺗﻘﻮﻳـﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺨـﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ )ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ( ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻫﻤﮕـﻦ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻳﺨﺒﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺯﻫﮕﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻼ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄـﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
 ‫‪١٥٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫‰‬

‫‪ -١-٢-۴‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻫﻤـﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼـﺮﺥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺗﻤﻬﻴـﺪﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ )ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺍﻱ( ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜـﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭﻱﻛـﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳـﻪﺩﺍﺭﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﺸﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺨﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﻳـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﺸﻜﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﮔﻮﺷـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻـﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ )ﺷـﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ( ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻜﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ)‪ (۱-۴‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪١٥٤‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱-۴‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺷﻴﺐ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘـﻲ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﻮﺃﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﭽـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻳﺮﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﻱﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺘﺞ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
 ‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ )ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳـﺴﺘﺎ( ﻭ ﺷـﻴﺐ ﻃـﻮﻟﻲ ﺟـﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﻛﻪ ﺧـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﻳﻜـﺴﺎﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﻗﻴﺮﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻴﻂ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﺑـﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﭘـﺮﺣﺠﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖﺷﺪﻩ )ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰﻩ( ﻭ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺗﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺳﻔﺖﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺩﺍﺷـﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻨـﺪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺳـﻔﺖﺗـﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫـﺪ ﻟـﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺷﺐ ﻭ ﻳـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻓـﺼﻮﻝ ﺳـﺎﻝ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺳـﻔﺖ ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺑـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﺎﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻧـﺪﻩ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃـﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺃﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ‬
 ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪١٥٦‬‬

‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺧﺸﻦ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺩﺍﺭ )ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ( ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺷـﺖﺩﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧـﻪ ﻭ ﻋـﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻭ ﮔﺮﺩﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺗـﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣـﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺳﻜﻠﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥﺗﻬﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﺍﻱ )‪ (SMA‬ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﻣﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺷـﺖ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺑـﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗـﻮﭘﺮ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ١‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ٢‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﻴـﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬

‫‪1- Air Voids‬‬

‫‪2- VMA‬‬
 ‫‪١٥٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺣﺠﻤـﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-٢-۴‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺧﻤﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻋـﺪﻡ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺧﺎﺻـﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﺮﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗـﺎ ﺣـﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻛﺎﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳـﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻣـﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﺯﻣـﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﮔـﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪١٥٨‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺳﺨﺖﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻬﻨﻪﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻛﻴﻔﻴـﺖ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛـﻢ ﻗـﺸﺮ ﻗﻴـﺮﻱ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣـﻲﻳﺎﺑـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺸﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺳـﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻫﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴـﻪ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦﺗـﺮ ﻭ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﺳـﺮﻳﻊﺗـﺮ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣-٢-۴‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊﺷﺪﮔﻲ )ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ( ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺁﻥ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜـﺮ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻲﺁﻳـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٣۵‬ﻣﺘﺮ ]‪ [۹‬ﻧﻴـﺰ ﻣـﻲﺭﺳـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٥٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪[۱۰] :‬‬

‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ]‪[۱۱‬‬

‫ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺟﻬـﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﻮﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪) .‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﺍﻧﻘﺒـﺎﺽ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ( ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻳﺨﺒﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺳـﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ(‪ .‬ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﺶ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕـﺎﻣﻲﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﺷﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻲﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻝ ﻭﻗـﻮﻉ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺗﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻜـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠـﺎﻭﺯ ﻛﻨـﺪ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1- Termal Fatigue Cracking‬‬

‫‪2- Low – temperature Cracking‬‬
 ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪١٦٠‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﺳـﻔﺘﻲ‬

‫)‪ (sm‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻫﺮﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﻡﺗﺮ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻧﺮﻡﺗﺮ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣـﻲﺩﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤـﺖ ﺑﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨـﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺮﻙﻫـﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧـﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨـﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺩﻣـﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧـﺮﺥ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣـﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳـﺮﻋﺖ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻣـﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤـﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﺠـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻦ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻫﺘﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﺷـﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﻴـﺮ‬
 ‫‪١٦١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺪﺳـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﺿـﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻫﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻻﻳـﻪ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﻧﻘـﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻮﻣﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -۴-٢-۴‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻥﺷﺪﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻥﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒـﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺷـﺪﻥ ﺳـﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺴﺘﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺁﺏﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺩﺍﺷـﺘﻪﺍﻧـﺪ ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﭼـﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﺮﻳـﺎﻥ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳـﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺟـﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺁﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
 ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪١٦٢‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺿﺪ ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻥﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﻫﻚ ﺷﻜﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻛـﻢ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮﻱ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑـﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺮﻳﺎﻥﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘـﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﺁﺳـﻴﺐﻫـﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺑـﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨﺶ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣـﻞ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ ﺍﺟـﺰﺍﺀ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﻮﺍﻫـﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪۵‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ -١-۵‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﻭ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺷـﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﮔـﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﻏﻴﺮﺍﻳﻦﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻜـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠـﻞ ﺑـﺮﻭﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻚ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ )ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﻫـﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻧـﺪﮔﻲ( ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺩﺕ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮﺩﺳﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ -٣٠‬ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔـﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۵٠‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٦٤‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺷﺐﻭﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻓﺼﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﺩﻩﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻫﻬـﺎﻱ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺟـﻨﺲ )ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜـﻲ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﻛـﺎﻣ ﹰ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ(‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ )ﺷﻴﺐ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﻳﺎ(‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺛﺎﺑـﺖ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈـﺮﺭﻓﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٦٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫‪ -٢-۵‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ‪:‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫‰‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷـﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻣـﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧـﺪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ )ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ( ‪ -‬ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚﺳﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﭘـﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦﺷـﺪﻩ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻼ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ‬

‫‪1- Recipe‬‬ ‫‪2- Emprical‬‬

‫‪3- Analitical‬‬ ‫‪4- Volumetric‬‬
‫‪5- Performance- related1‬‬ ‫‪6- Performance- based‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٦٦‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜـﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺑـﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻔـﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‪ -‬ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻴﭻﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺧـﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺎﻟـﺖ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ GSC‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﻗﻴﻤـﺖ )‪(GSC‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪﺟﺎ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‪ -‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫـﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪١٦٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻫﻤﮕﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﻴـﺪ ﻭ ﺳـﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺩﻫـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔـﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻄﺒـﺎﻕ ﻫﺮﻳـﻚ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱-۵‬ﻗﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۱-۵‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻲ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﺋﻲ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺍﻧـﻮﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻳـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺑﻬـﺮﻩﺑـﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٦٨‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﻭﭘـﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻤﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻨﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠـﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺑـﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ )ﻋﻤﺪﺗﹰﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ(‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺼﻞﻫـﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷـﺘﻪ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤـﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻭﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ SHRP‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧـﻮﻉ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻣﺒﻨـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑـﺮ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻞ ﺧﺮﺍﺑـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﻠـﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
 ‫‪١٦٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﹰﺎ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﻨـﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ ﺫﻛﺮﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﮕـﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٣-۵‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺗـﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔـﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻴﻦ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺍﻓـﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓـﺰﻭﻥ ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑـﺎ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬـﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺭﻭﺳـﺎﺯﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻋـﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴـﺎﺯ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﻨـﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺕ ‪ SHRP‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳـﺪ ﮔـﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺎﺳـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻭ ﭘﻴـﺸﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﻧـﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﻮﻩ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧـﺴﺒﻲ ﻛـﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪Superpave‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺟـﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌـﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٧٠‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘـﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻣـﺮ ﻣـﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲﻫـﺎﻱ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻛـﺴﺐ ﺩﺍﻧـﺶ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﮔـﺎﻡ ﻧﻬـﺎﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻤـﻮﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﻭ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ )ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﻗﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ AASHTO 2000‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳـﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩۶‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠٠‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ ۶٢‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠١‬ﺣـﺪﻭﺩ ‪٨٢‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺟـﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ ]‪،[۱۲‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٧ ،٢٠٠٠‬ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ۴٠ ،٢٠٠١‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ]‪.[۱۳‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺳـﭙﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻤﺮ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﺮﺳـﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻋﻼﻡﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ،FHWA‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ٢٠٠۵‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﻣﺆﺳـﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩۶‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ‪٨۶‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ [۱۴‬ﻃﺒـﻖ ﮔـﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ‪ ٨۶‬ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩ‪ ٣٣ ،‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ )‪٢٨‬‬
 ‫‪١٧١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ( ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ )ﺑـﻪ ﺩﻟﻴـﻞ ﺍﻳﻨﻜـﻪ ﺍﻭﻟـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻲﺭﻓﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ )ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ ،(VMA‬ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺷـﺪﻥ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻏﻠﺘﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﻒ ﻛـﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺣﻤـﻞ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳـﺎﻝ ‪ ١٩٩٩‬ﺑﺨـﺶ ‪ FHWA‬ﻣﺮﻳﻠﻨـﺪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷـﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳـﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ ١٩٩۶‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ [۱۵] .‬ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ‪ FHAM‬ﻭ ‪ NCAT‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺎﺯﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ‪ ٢۴‬ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ Superpave‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻌﻘﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ‪ ١٨‬ﺍﻳﺎﻟـﺖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛـﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤـﺎﻅ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻛـﻞ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜـﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ‪ ۴۴‬ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻧـﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ Superpave‬ﺧﻮﺏ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣـﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣـﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳـﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣـﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﻈـﺎﺭﺗﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﻧﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻪﺍﻧـﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘـﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺫﻛـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻋﻤـﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ٣‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ‪ ٣۴‬ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺏ‪ ٨ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧـﺴﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﺧـﻮﺏ ﻭ ‪ ٢‬ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻲﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﻠﻨـﺪ ﻣـﺪﺕ ﺑﺮﺧـﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ ‪) Superpave‬ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ( ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣـﺴﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺁﻳـﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﹰﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺰﺩﺍﻧـﻪ )ﻋﺒـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑـﺎﻻﻱ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ( ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ٨‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﺷﺖﺩﺍﻧﻪ )ﻋﺒـﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ( ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۶‬ﺩﺭﺻـﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘـﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣـﺸﻜﻞﺳـﺎﺯ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫـﺪ ﺑـﻮﺩ‪[۱۵] .‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٧٢‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐﺍﻳﻦ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻠـﺖ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗـﺮﻙﻫـﺎﻱ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔـﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻗﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﺪﻳﻦ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ ،Superpave‬ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳـﺖ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒـﺎﻁ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‪ ١‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‰‬

‫)‪1- Performance Graded (PG‬‬

 ‫‪١٧٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺻـﻴﻪﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ SHRP‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲-۵‬ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۲-۵‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ‪SHRP‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺸﺮ ﻧﺎﺯﮎ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﺳﺨﺖﺷﺪﻥ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣـﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫‪AASHTO–T240‬‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫)ﺩﻭﺍﺭ( )‪(RTFO‬‬
‫ﺳــﺨﺖ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﻗﻴــﺮ ﺑــﻪ ﻣــﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣــﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﭘﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫‪AASHTO – PP1‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺧﺪﻣﺖﺩﻫﻲ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫)‪(PAV‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ )ﺷـﻴﺎﺭ(‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺋﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮑﻲ‬
‫‪AASHTO –TP5‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫)‪(DSR‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‬
‫‪ASTM – D4402‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫)‪(RV‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺋﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ‬
‫‪AASHTO – TP1‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫)‪(BBR‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮐﺸﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫‪AASHTO – TP3‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬
‫)‪(DTT‬‬

‫‪1- Rolling Thin Film Oven Test‬‬ ‫‪2- Pressure Aging Vessel‬‬
‫‪3- Dynamic Shear Rheometer‬‬ ‫‪4- Rotational Viscometer‬‬
‫‪5- Bending Beam Rheometer‬‬ ‫‪6- Direct Tension Test‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٧٤‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ )ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻔﺖ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ‪ PG82,PG79,PG70,PG64,PG58,PG52,PG49‬ﺭﺩﻩﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ PG52-16‬ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺤﻴﻄـﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻴـﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﻫﻔـﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﻥ‬
‫)ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ( ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ ۵۲‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ -١۶‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ‪ AASHTO‬ﻭ ‪ ASTM‬ﺗﺤـﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﺻـﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷـﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺧـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟـﻪ ﻧﻔـﻮﺫ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ ۶٠/٧٠ ،٨۵/١٠٠‬ﻭ ‪۴٠/۵٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻗﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ‪PG‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ PG‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧـﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺑـﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
 ‫‪١٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪) Superpave‬ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ PG‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺿـﻤﻨﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ PG‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪PG‬‬
‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪PG‬‬
‫)ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﮔـﺮﻭﻩ ﻗﻴﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ PG‬ﻭ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ PG‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻗﻴﺮ‬
‫ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺠﻠﺴﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺥ ‪ ٧٩/٩/٧‬ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻘـﺮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺳـﺎﻳﻞ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣـﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ‪ SHRP‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪ PG‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻦ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﻣـﻲﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ ٣-١٨‬ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪) ١٠١‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ( ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ‪ ٩‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻃﺒﻘـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﻣـﻲﮔـﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪) ٢‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ‪ ٢۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ‪) ٣‬ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ١٩‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪) ۴‬ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳـﻤﻲ‪١٢/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ( ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪) ۵‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ‪ ٩/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪،‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٧٦‬‬

‫ﺁﺳﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺭﻭ ﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ ave Superp‬ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ ‪ ۵‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ )ﺑﺎ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳـﻤﻲ‪ ۱۲/۵ ،۱۹/۵ ،۲۵ ،٣٧/۵‬ﻭ ‪ ٩/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ(‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ ۱۰-۳‬ﺗﺎ ‪ (۱۴-۳‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧـﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳـﻤﻲ ﻣـﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻘﺎﻃﻲ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ ﺍﻟـﻚ ‪٠/٠٧۵‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ )ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ٢/٣۶ ،(٢٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ )ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (٨‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘـﺎﻁ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋـﻪﺍﻱ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﹰﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ۴‬ﻭ ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪۵٠‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﻳـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﺤـﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻂ ﺯﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺧـﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑـﺘﻦ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺍﻧـﻪﺑﻨـﺪﻱﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻨـﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺁﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﻭﺟـﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮﺭ ﻣﺜـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ‪ ١٢/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪(۳-۵‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﭻ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪) ١٠١‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻚ ‪ ٩/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ )‬
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‫ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ( ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ ،Superpave‬ﻣﻴـﺰﺍﻥ ﺣـﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺩﺷـﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻚ ‪ ۴/٧۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ )ﺍﻟﻚ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (۴‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻚ ‪ ٠/٣٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ )ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (۴٠‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻟـﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ Superpave‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻚﻫﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧـﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳـﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﻢ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻚﻫﺎﻱ ‪) ٢/٣۶‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪) ١/١٨ ،(٨‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪) ٠/۶٠٠ ،(١۶‬ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (٣٠‬ﻭ ‪)٠/٣٠٠‬ﺷـﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ (۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ‬
 ‫‪١٧٧‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪﺍﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺒـﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﻟـﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (۳-۵‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ‪Superpave‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ‪ ١٢/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ‪Superpave‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﻚ‬
‫)ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩ(‬ ‫)ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﻲ ﺭﺩﺷﺪﻩ(‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻪ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪ ١٩‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ) ﺍﻳﻨﭻ(‬
‫)ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ – ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ(‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪٩٠-١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٩٠-١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪ ١٢/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ) ﺍﻳﻨﭻ(‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ‪٩٠‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ٩/۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ) ﺍﻳﻨﭻ(‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪۴۴-٧۴‬‬ ‫‪ ۴/٧۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪(۴‬‬
‫‪٣٩/١-٣٩/١‬‬ ‫‪٢٨-۵٨‬‬ ‫‪٢٨-۵٨‬‬ ‫‪ ٢/٣۶‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪(٨‬‬
‫‪٢۵/۶-٣١/۶‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ١/١٨‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪(١۶‬‬
‫‪١٩/١-٢٣/١‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ٠/۶٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪(٣٠‬‬
‫‪١۵/۵-١۵/۵‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٧-٢١‬‬ ‫‪ ٠/٣٠٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪(۵٠‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪ ٠/١۵٠‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪(١٠٠‬‬
‫‪٢-١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢-١٠‬‬ ‫‪ ٠/٠٧۵‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ)ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪(٢٠٠‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩﻫـﺎ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻣـﻲﺑﺎﺷـﺪ ﻛـﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -١-٣-۵‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻼ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﭽـﻪ ﻣـﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﺳـﺖ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳـﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٧٨‬‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣـﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑـﺮ ﭘﺪﻳـﺪﻩﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺤـﻮﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻـﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻨـﻮﻉ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮﺩﺳﻴﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻣـﺴﻴﺮ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣـﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﻲ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﻣﺪﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ )ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩﻣﺪﺕ(‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﭘﻴﻮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻛﻤﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟـﻴﻜﻦ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ )ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺛـﺮ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺥ( ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ )ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (۱-۵‬ﺗﺎ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﻬﻴـﺪﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺻـﻼﺡ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺣـﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃـﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﺑـﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ AASHTO- T283‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪١٧٩‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﺘﻚ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ‬

‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (۱-۵‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٨٠‬‬

‫ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ )ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ(‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺫﻛﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳـﺴﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑـﺎ ﺷـﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳـﻦ ﺷـﻴﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈـﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﺧـﻮﺍﺹ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ )ﺷـﺮﺡ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ ٣‬ﺩﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﻮﻩ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ )ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳـﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﻭ ﺑـﺎ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻـﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﻮﺩﻥ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﮔـﺮﺩﺩ ﺗـﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴـﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺖ ﺑـﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ‪ PG‬ﻣـﺸﺨﺺ ﺷـﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﻗﻴﺮﻫـﺎ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ PG‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪) EASL S < 106 :‬ﺳﻄﺢ ‪(١‬‬

‫• ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ‪) Superpave‬ﺳـﻄﺢ ‪ (١‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‬
‫• ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪AASHTO-T283‬‬
 ‫‪١٨١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺏ‪) 106 < EASL S ≤ 107 :‬ﺳﻄﺢ ‪(٢‬‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ) ‪Teff (FC‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ) ‪Teff (FC‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ) ‪Teff (FC‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ )‪Teff (FD‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ )‪Teff (FD‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪) Te‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ(‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪) 60o C‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﺮﺥ(‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ‪ 0o C‬ﻭ ‪ − 10o C‬ﻭ ‪− 20o C‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺰﺵ‬ ‫‰‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻣـﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪AASHTO-T283‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺝ‪) EASL S > 107 :‬ﺳﻄﺢ ‪(٣‬‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪٢‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ‪ 20o C‬ﻭ ‪ 4o C‬ﻭ ‪− 10o C‬‬ ‫‰‬

 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٨٢‬‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﮕﻲ ﺗﻴﺮ ﺧﻤﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ )ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ(‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺋﻴﭗ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ 20o C ، 4o C‬ﻭ ‪40o C‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺮﻧﺶ ﺗﻚ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪ 20o C ، 4o C‬ﻭ ‪40o C‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ 20o C ، 4o C‬ﻭ ‪40o C‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﺵ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪) Te‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ(‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ‪) 60o C‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻧﻬـﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺷـﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﺮﺥ(‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺧﺰﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ‪ − 10o C ،0o C‬ﻭ ‪− 20o C‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺶ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ − 10o C ،0o C‬ﻭ ‪− 20o C‬‬ ‫‰‬

‫ﺳﻔﺘﻲ ﺧﺰﺵ ﻗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﺰﺵ‬ ‫‰‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻣـﺴﻴﺮﻱ ﻛـﻪ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛـﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳـﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺮﺑـﻮﻁ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪AASHTO-T283‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨـﺎﺏ ﻗﻴـﺮ ﺑﻬﻴﻨـﻪ ﺑـﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻒ(‪.‬‬

‫‪ -٢-٣-۵‬ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫• ﭼﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻙﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠـﻲ‬
 ‫‪١٨٣‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‪...‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫـﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑـﺎﺭ ﻣﺤـﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﻓﺘـﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛـﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫـﺎﻱ ﻧـﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳـﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺑـﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫـﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺫﻛﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺟـﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻴﺎﺭﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ ﭼـﺮﺥ )ﺑـﺎ ﺩﺳـﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﭼﺮﺥ( ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﻗـﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴـﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷـﺪ ﺳـﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻧﻴـﺰ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈـﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪ AASHTO-T283‬ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳـﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳـﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋـﻪ ﻃـﺮﺡ ﺍﺧـﺘﻼﻁ ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺿــﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛــﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴــﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺳــﺎﺋﻞ ﺁﺯﻣــﺎﻳﺶﻫــﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑــﻮﻁ ‪ Superpave‬ﺗﻬﻴــﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻗﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺮﻫـﺎﻱ ‪ PG‬ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜـﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ ،PG‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ‪...‬‬ ‫‪١٨٤‬‬

‫‪ -٣‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷـﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ Superpave‬ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۴‬ﭘﻴﺶﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺁﻳﻴﻦﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺳـﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠـﻮﻁ ﺁﺳـﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۵‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌـﻲ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Superpave‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤـﻪ ﻣـﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑـﻪ ﺟـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺘــﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﺭﺷــﺎﻝ ﻧﻴــﺎﺯ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴــﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠــﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳــﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻟــﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔــﺎﻡ ﻧﺨــﺴﺖ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﻨـﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ‪ Superpave‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫـﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨـﺼﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬـﺎ ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤـﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -۶‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣـﺪﻥ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴـﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺘـﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﺭﺷـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
١٨٥ ...‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬

:‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
1- Asphalt Institute MS-2 "Mix Design Methods for Asphalt Concrete and
other Hot Mix Types" 1996.
2- Asphalt InstituteSP-1 "Superpave Performance Graded Asphalt" 1996.
3- Asphalt Institute SP-2 "Superpave Mix Design" 1996.
4- Bituminous Binders and Mixes, Rilem Reporte 16, 1998.
5- Superpave Asphalt Mixture Design and Analysis, National Asphalt
Training Center Demonstration Project 101.
6- Superpave level Mixture Design Test Methods, National Asphalt
Training Center (NATC) Demonstration Project 101
7- Standard Specification for Transportation Material and Methods of
Sampling and Testing 20th، Edition، AASHTO,2000.
8- P.S PELL and K.E Cooper "The Effect of Testing and mix Varibles on
The fatigue performance of Bituminous Materials", AAPT, 1974.
9- Dub woe Jung and Ted s. vinos" Temperature cracking Resistance of
Asphalt Concrete Mixtures AAPT, 1993.
10- Yang H. Huang،" Pavement Analysis and Design "Prentice Hall, 1993.
11- Yoder, E.J and M.N Witczok ,"Principles of Pavement Design."
John – Wiley, 1975.
12- Westrack Fonensic Team Consensus Report "Superpave Mixture"
Washington. D.C 2001.
13- E. notes. C-SHRP Volume 1, Issue 2- August 1999.
14- Richard W. May "1996 Superpave Projects Review of Construction
Experience, 1998.
15- National Superpave news Volume 1 Number 3-1999.
 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات‬

‫اﻟﻒ( ﭘﺮوژهﻫﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﭘـﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫـﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﺁﻫﻦ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﭼﺎﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﺑﻪﮔﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺯﻫﻜﺸﻲ ﺁﺑﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳـﺮﺳـﻄﺤﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﺁﻫـﻦ ﻭﻓﺮﻭﺩﮔـﺎﻩ‬
‫)ﻭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ(‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺎﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻦﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳـﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻜـﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻴـﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬

‫ب ( ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎی ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮊﺋﻮﺗﻜﺴﺘﺎﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻣﻤﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺧﺎﻛﺮﻳﺰﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻱ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭﮊﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻧﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻧﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﮊﻭﺋﻴﻪ ‪GRSP ٢٠٠٣‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ‬
 ‫‪ -١٠‬ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ﭘﻴﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫‪ -١١‬ﻳﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫‪ -١٢‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -١٣‬ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -١٤‬ﻗﻴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ )ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻭﻳﻴﻞ(‬
‫‪ -١٥‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪٢٠١٠‬‬
‫‪ -١٦‬ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ -١٧‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺪﻭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏﻭﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺳﺨﺖ‬
‫‪ -١٨‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ‪IRF‬‬
‫‪ -١٩‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﻣﻤﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -٢٠‬ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -٢١‬ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ -٢٢‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -٢٣‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ -٢٤‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -٢٥‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫‪ -٢٦‬ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -٢٧‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻫﺴﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫‪ -٢٨‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﻙ‬
‫‪ -٢٩‬ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫‪ -٣٠‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫‪ -٣١‬ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ‬
‫‪ -٣٢‬ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﻧﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ -٣٣‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫‪ -٣٤‬ﺭﻭﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺘﻨﻲ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ -٣٥‬ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﻞﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
 ‫ج( ﮐﺘﺐ‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﺮﻭﺩﮔﺎﻩ )ﺩﻭ ﺟﻠﺪ(‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ راه‬

‫د( ﻟﻮح ﻓﺸﺮده‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ‪) Austroads‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ١٨٦‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻮﺯﻟﻨـﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ(‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﺭﺍﻩ ‪ ) IRF‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ١٠٧‬ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺩﺭ ‪ ٤٢‬ﻟﻮﺡ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ(‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧــﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ‪ ) SWOV‬ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ‪ ١٣٨‬ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧــﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ‪ SWOV, DRI, VTI, NCHRP‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ(‬

‫‪http://shop.rahiran.ir‬‬ ‫ﻭﺏ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬

 Ministry of Roads and Transportation
Deputy of Education Research and Technology
Transportation Research Institute

Investigation about Performance related

Asphalt Mix Design for Implementation
an Appropriate Method in Iran