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cv`wUKv ..................................................................................................................................... 05

c~e©K_v ...................................................................................................................................... 08

cUf~wg ...................................................................................................................................... 09

AvšÍR©vwZK cvwK©s bxwZgvjv ............................................................................................................. 12

Gwkqvi wewfbœ kn‡ii cvwK©s bxwZgvjv ............................................................................................... 12

cvwK©s Pvwn`v mxwgZKi‡Y Gwkqvi wewfbœ kn‡i M„nxZ c`‡¶cmg~n ........................................................... 13

†gw·‡Kv wmwUi cvwK©s bxwZgvjv......................................................................................................... 13

fviZxq RvZxq bMi cwienb bxwZgvjv ............................................................................................... 14

hy³iv‡óªi cvwK©s bxwZgvjv ............................................................................................................... 14

e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s wbqš¿‡Y AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv ................................................................................ 15

XvKv gnvbMi BgviZ wbg©vY wewagvjv, 2008 Abyhvqx wewfbœ †kÖYxi fe‡bi Rb¨ b~¨bZg cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwK©s ¯’vb ....... 19

cvwK©s Gi RvqMvi mv‡_ wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq f‚wg e¨env‡ii Zyjbv ................................................................. 20

cvwK©s Pvwn`v m¤úwK©Z GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq ......................................................................................... 25

XvKvq eZ©gvb cvwK©s msµvšÍ bxwZgvjv ................................................................................................ 25

cvwK©s wd bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y m„ó mgm¨v ................................................................................................. 26

XvKvq cvwK©s bxwZgvjv ˆZwii †¶‡Î cÖ¯Ívebv ........................................................................................ 28

Dcmsnvi ..................................................................................................................................... 31

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gvbweKZv, RxebvPiY, Dbœqb cwiKíbv m‡ev©cwi kniwUi fwel¨Z| MZ mv‡o Pvi `k‡K, XvKv‡K M‡o †Zvjvi †ÿ‡Î G
w`KUvq Lye †ewk `„wó †`qv nqwb| Avi GB ÎæwU wb‡qB cÖwZw`b eo n‡”Q XvKv|
XvKv kn‡i hvbRU GKwU wbZ¨‰bwgwËK mgm¨v| mgm¨vwUi g~j KviY e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi e„w×| e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbqš¿‡Yi
†Kvb c`‡¶c bv _vKvq cÖwZw`bB G msL¨v †e‡o P‡j‡Q| evsjv‡`k moK cwienb KZ©…c¶ (weAviwUG)- Gi Z_¨ Abyhvqx,
RyjvB 2019 ch©šÍ XvKv †g‡U«vcwjUb GjvKvq wbewÜZ Rxc Ges e¨w³MZ Mvwoi msL¨v †gvU 330968wU| XvKv gnvbMi
BgviZ wbg©vY wewagvjv, 2008 Abyhvqx, ïaygvÎ e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ cÖvq 120 eM©dzU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| Avevi,
e¨w³MZ Mvwo¸‡jv‡K evwo, Awdm, gv‡K©U ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb RvqMvq cvwK©s K‡i ivL‡Z nq| myZivs, GKwU e¨w³MZ Mvwoi
cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ b~b¨Zg `yBwU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| †m wn‡m‡e, 330968wU wbewÜZ Rxc I e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ cÖvq
8 †KvwU eM© dyU RvqMv e¨eüZ nq|
GB 8 †KvwU eM© dzU RvqMvq-
• 26 j‡¶iI AwaK Awdm Kg©Pvix‡`i ¯’vb msKzjvb m¤¢e|
• 53 j¶ wb¤œwe‡Ëi Avevmb Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv m¤¢e|
• 91 j¶ gvby‡li KwgDwbwU †m›Uv‡ii Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv m¤¢e|
• mv‡o 5 †KvwU gvby‡li Rb¨ †Ljvi gvV I RbmgvMg¯’‡ji e¨e¯’v Kiv m¤¢e|
XvKv †g‡UªvcwjUb GjvKvi RbNbZ¡ cÖwZ eM©wK‡jvwgUv‡i cÖvq 47,000| RbNbZ¡c~Y© G kn‡i e¨w³MZ Mvwoi gvwjKvbv gvÎ
5 kZvsk gvby‡li| 95 kZvsk gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v‡K D‡cÿv K‡i Mvwo cvwK©s Gi myweav cÖ`vb A‡hŠw³K| G cÖwZ‡e`‡b
e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s‡qi cwie‡Z© bvMwiK †mev wbwðZKi‡Y Ab¨vb¨ f‚wg e¨envi †hgb- Awdm/Kg©ms¯’vb, wb¤œweˇ`i
Avevmb, bvMwiK‡`i MYmgvMg¯’j/ KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi / †Ljvi gvV Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

D
 cv`wUKv

mycvieøK (Superblock): kn‡ii moK¸‡jv cybwe©b¨vm K‡i Gi eûgvwÎK I h_vh_ e¨envi wbwðZKi‡Y m„ó g‡Wj‡K
mycvieøK ejv nq| mycvieø‡Ki gva¨‡g bM‡i me ai‡Yi hvb PjvP‡ji myweavi cvkvcvwk Ahvwš¿K hvb e¨envi, we‡bv`b,
†Ljva~jv ev mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó Kiv m¤¢e| G j‡ÿ¨ `ywU †gŠwjK cwieZ©b Avek¨K: cÖv_wgK moK †bUIqv‡K©i
e¨envi cwieZ©b ms‡kvab Ges cÖwZwU hv‡bi Rb¨ c„_K iæU ¯’vcb| (Roberts, 2019)

wPÎt 1 †¯ú‡bi ev‡m©‡jvbv kn‡ii GKwU mycvieø‡Ki bgybv| B‡Zvg‡a¨ ev‡m©‡jvbvq AšÍZ 500 wU mycvieøK ˆZwii cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q
(m~Ît Roberts, 2019)

- 05 -
Mtoe: Millions tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) nj kw³i GKwU GKK hv R¡vjvbxi kw³i cwigvc †evSv‡Z e¨eüZ
nq|
cvK©‡jUt iv¯Ívi cv‡ki cvwK©s Gi ¯’‡j †mLv‡b GKwU †QvU emvi RvqMv ev Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri D‡Ï‡k¨ iƒcvšÍwiZ ¯’vb‡K
cvK©‡jU ejv nq (Weglarz, 2018)|

wPÎt 2 hy³iv‡óªi wdjv‡Wjwdqvi GKwU cvK©‡jU Gi D`vniY †hLv‡b iv¯Ívi cv‡ki cvwK©s Gi ¯’‡j emvi ¯’vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| (m~Ît Parklet -
shiftspace | architecture, experience, landscape, product, and urban design)

Mvwo cvwK©s Gi RvqMvq we‡bv`‡bi †K›`ª wn‡m‡e ¯’vqx ev A¯’vqxfv‡e

cvK©‡jU ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e| G ¯’vbwU mvgvwRKxKi‡Y D‡jøL‡hvM¨
f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| ¯’vbxq RbMY‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i wewfbœ GjvKvq
cvK©‡jU ˆZwi Kiv hvq| cvK©‡jU `yB ai‡Yi n‡Z cv‡i- K‡qK N›Uvi
Rb¨ A¯’vqx cvK©‡jU Ges ¯’vqx cvK©‡jU| miKv‡ii Zid †_‡K
¯’vbxq RbMY‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i wewfbœ GjvKv‡Z cÖwZw`b ev mßv‡n
GKw`b, ¯’vqx ev A¯’vqx cvK©‡jU ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| we‡bv`‡bi
†K›`ª wnmv‡e GKUv ev `yBUv Mvwo cvwK©s Gi RvqMvq GB cvK©‡jU
Av‡qvRb Kiv m¤¢e| †hLv‡b jyWy, `vev, `wo jvd BZ¨vw` †Ljvmn,
eB cov, Mí Kiv hvq| c_Pvixmn I Ab¨ †h †Kvb gvby‡li emvi Rb¨
cvK©‡jU G Pvi-cuvPUv †PqviI _vK‡Z cv‡i| wPÎt 3 bgybv cvK©‡jU
Soft Storey: Soft Storey ej‡Z fe‡bi †mB †d¬vi‡K †evSv‡bv nq †hLv‡b ïay fe‡bi Kjvg _v‡K Ges †d¬viwU m¤ú~Y©
Db¥y³ _v‡K| G Kvi‡Y Gi cvwk¦©K †jvW cÖwZ‡iv‡ai ¶gZv Ab¨vb¨ †d¬v‡ii Zyjbvq Kg nq| Soft Storey g~jZ cvwK©s Gi
¯’vb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
UªvbwRU wfwËK Dbœqb (Transit Oriented Development or TOD): G ai‡Yi bMi Dbœqb cÖwµqvq †ijI‡q †÷kb,
evm Uvwg©bvj, b`x e›`i wKsev Ab¨ †h †Kvb UªvbwRU †÷kb‡K †K›`ª K‡i wgkª Dbœqb A_©vr AvevwmK, evwYwR¨K wKsev
MYcwimi ˆZix Kiv nq| G c×wZ‡Z f~wgi m‡e©v”P e¨envi wbwðZ nq Ges hvZvqvZ gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨w³MZ Mvwoi cwie‡Z©
MYcwien‡bi e¨envi‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| (DAP, 2016-2035)

- 06 -
 wPÎ: 4 AKj¨vÛ, K¨vwj‡dvwb©qvi Lake Merritt †e Gwiqv i¨vwcW †÷kb‡K (Bay Area Rapid Transit A_ev BART)
wN‡i U«vbwRU wfwËK Dbœqb Gi cÖ¯Ívebv †`qv n‡q‡Q
(m~Ît https://todresources.org/blog/community-input-and-previous-experience-guides-joint-development-in-oakland/)

hvZvqvZ Pvwn`v e¨e¯’vcbv (Travel Demand Management): hvZvqvZ Pvwn`v e¨e¯’vcbv gvby‡li cwienb msµvšÍ
wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mnvqZv K‡i
Ges hvZvqvZ AeKvVv‡gvi
h_vh_ e¨envi wbwðZ
K‡i| Gi gva¨‡g gvbyl
e¨w³MZ hvb Gi cwie‡Z©
MYcwienb I Ahvwš¿K hvb
e¨env‡i DrmvwnZ nq|
hvZvqvZ Pvwn`v e¨e¯’vcbvi
wewfbœ †KŠk‡ji g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ njt R¡vjvbx
Lv‡Z fZ©ywK eÜ Kiv,
R¡vjvbx Ki I Mvwoi Dci
Av‡ivwcZ Ki ms‡kvab,
wewfbœ moK I gnvmoK
e¨env‡i Ki Av‡ivc
BZ¨vw`| (Kasipillai et
al, 2008)
wPÎt 5 d«v‡Ýi kni WvbwKK© (Dunkirk) G e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Dci wbf©ikxjZv Kgv‡Z 2018
mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i †_‡K QywUi w`b¸‡jv‡Z mK‡ji Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨ evm mvwf©m Pvjy Kiv nq|
(m~Ît https://www.forbes.com/sites/enriquedans/2019/09/15/is-free-public-transport-in-cities-
the-wayforward/#3bba851da00e)

- 07 -
c~e©K_v
cÖvqkB †kvbv hvq †h, Avgv‡`i kni¸‡jv‡Z hvbRU mgm¨vi g~j KviY ch©vß cvwK©s myweavi Afve| ch©vß cvwK©s e¨e¯’v bv
_vKvq e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨enviKvixiv iv¯Ívq wKsev dyUcv‡Z cvK© Ki‡Z "eva¨" nb| ch©vß cvwK©s I h_vh_ e¨e¯’vcbvi
gva¨‡g e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvK© Kivi my‡hvM _vK‡j iv¯Ív I dyUcvZ c_Pvix hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ Aegy³ n‡e| (Shoup, 2005)
wKš‘ GKwU Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ †h cwigvY RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi LiP enb Kiv †h †Kvb kn‡ii c‡¶ AZ¨šÍ e¨qeûj|

GK M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, hy³iv‡ó« GKwU e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ evmv, Awdm, gv‡K©U I Ab¨vb¨ RvqMvq 372
eM© wgUvi ev cÖvq 4000 eM©dzU RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb (CSE, 2006)|

we‡k¦i wewfbœ kni e¨w³MZ Mvwoi cvwK©s Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi w`‡K †ewk ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ GB Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ Mvwo
cvwK©s Gi RvqMv ˆZwi Kiv n‡jI †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB Gi djvdj nq †bwZevPK| cwienb we‡klÁ‡`i g‡Z, GKwU
e¨w³MZ Mvwo cÖwZw`b M‡o 20-22 N›Uv cvK© Kiv _v‡K| (CSE, 2006) djkÖæwZ‡Z cvwK©s Gi RvqMv Ab¨vb¨ D‡Ï‡k¨
e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| (ITDP, 2014)
†h †Kvb kn‡ii cÖavb mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvavb Ki‡Z Riæwi c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| eZ©gv‡b Gwkqvi †ewkifvM kn‡i
cvwK©s mgm¨v †_‡K bMi Ae¨e¯’vcbv I A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Ø›Ø ˆZwi nq| (ADB, 2011) e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨env‡ii cÖeYZv e„w×i
Kvi‡Y hvbRU e„w×, cwienb e¨e¯’vq wbi‡c¶Zv n«vm, RbmgvMg¯’j n«vm Ges evqy `~lYKvix I MªxbnvDm M¨v‡mi wbM©gb
e„w× cv‡”Q| GKwU Kvh©Ki cvwK©s bxwZ GB µgea©gvb mgm¨v¸wj mgvav‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
eZ©gvb mg‡q XvKv kn‡i hvbRU wbZ¨‰bwgwËK mgm¨v| cÖwZw`b `xN© mgq hvbR‡Ui Kvi‡Y gvby‡li g~j¨evb mgq I R¡vjvbx
AcPq nq| mgq ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y Aemi hvcb ev we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ ch©vß mgq †bB| GQvovI †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb e¨nZ
n‡”Q Ges mvgvwRK-cvwievwiK m¤ú‡K©i AebwZ NU‡Q| hvbevnb †_‡K wbM©Z wewfbœ ai‡Yi ivmvqwbK cwi‡ek Gi Dci
weiƒc cÖfve †dj‡Q| cÖPÛ kã I welv³ †avuqvq gvbyl AvµvšÍ n‡”Q wewfbœ RwUj †iv‡M| hvbRU eZ©gv‡b bMievmxi Rxeb
I RxweKvi Rb¨ eo ûgwK ¯^iƒc| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z hvbRU wbqš¿‡Y AwZ `ªæZ c`‡¶c MÖn‡Yi weKí †bB|

- 08 -
cUf~wg
A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib AcÖk¯Í iv¯ÍvB hvbR‡Ui cÖavb KviY| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ, 10% iv¯Ív e„w×i d‡j 9% hvwš¿Khvb e„w× cvq
(CSE, 2006)| hvwš¿Khv‡bi AvwaK¨ cwi‡ek wech©‡qi Ab¨Zg KviY| 1983 mvj †_‡K jmG‡Äjm Av‡gwiKvb
kni¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evqy`~l‡Yi kx‡l© i‡q‡Q| kniwU‡Z hvbRU mgm¨vI AZ¨šÍ cÖKU| 1997 mv‡ji cwimsL¨v‡b Rvbv hvq,
jmG‡Äj‡m hvbR‡Ui Kvi‡Y Avw_©K AcP‡qi cwigvY 739 wgwjqb e¨w³/N›Uv| GQvov 1997 mv‡jB 12.4 wewjqb Wjvi
g~‡j¨i R¡vjvbx AcPq nq| Gmgq jmG‡Äjm Gi evqygÛ‡j †h cwigvY Kve©b g‡bvA·vBW wQ‡jv Zvi 98 kZvsk Gi Drm
cwienb LvZ(Shoup, 2005)|
cwienb Lv‡Zi cvkvcvwk wkí, M„n¯’vwj, kw³ Drcv`b e¨ZxZ e¨envi (Non-energy Use) I Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Z Rxevk¥
R¡vjvbxi e¨envi wb‡¤œ wPÎ 6 Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †Zj e¨enviKvix wewfbœ LvZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ wek¦e¨vcx cwienb
LvZmg~‡n e¨eüZ R¡vjvbx †Z‡ji cwigvY µgvMZ evo‡Q| cwienb e¨e¯’vi cÖvq 98% R¡vjvbx †Z‡ji Dc‡i wbf©ikxj|
d‡j wek¦e¨vcx Kve©b WvB A·vBW, Kve©b g‡bv·vBW, bvB‡U«v‡R‡bi wewfbœ A·vBW, wg‡_b wbM©gb Avk¼vRbK nv‡i e„w×
cv‡”Q| G mKj ÿwZKi ivmvqwb‡Ki AwaKvskB wbM©Z nq iv¯Ívq PvwjZ hvwš¿Khvb †_‡K (Smokers & Kampman,
2006)| hvwš¿Khv‡bi Avwa‡K¨i †¶‡Î e¨w³MZ Mvwoi msL¨v e„w× ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

wPÎt 6 wek¦e¨vcx me©‡kl Rxevk¥ R¡vjvbx †Zj e¨env‡ii LvZmg~n, Mtoe †Z| m~Ît (IEA, 2019)|
1971 mvj n‡Z GLb ch©šÍ cwienb Lv‡Z me‡P‡q †ewk R¡vjvbx e¨q n‡”Q|

1
Non-energy Use ej‡Z †mBme wkí †¶‡Î Rxevk¥ R¡vjvbx †Z‡ji e¨envi †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †h¸‡jvi gva¨‡g †Zj‡K kw³
wn‡m‡e e¨envi bv K‡i ev Ab¨ kw³‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ bv K‡i eis KvuPvgvj wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i K…wÎg DcKiY Ges ivmvqwbK
cY¨ ˆZwi Kiv nq| (IEA, 2019)

- 09 -
Gwkqvi wewfbœ kn‡i e¨w³MZ Mvwoi AvwaK¨ AvksKvRbKfv‡e e„w× cv‡”Q| G Kvi‡Y wewfbœ kn‡i MYcwienb, mvB‡Kj,
nvuUv I Ab¨vb¨ Ahvwš¿K hvbevn‡bi RbwcÖqZv Kg‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| hvwš¿Khv‡bi msL¨v †h nv‡i e„w× cv‡”Q Zv‡Z m‡e©vËg
cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡iI ¶wZKviK ivmvqwbK wbM©gb Kgv‡bv m¤¢e bq| ZvB cwi‡ek I Rb¯^v‡¯’¨i Kj¨v‡Yi j‡ÿ¨
hvwš¿Khv‡bi msL¨v wbqš¿Y Acwinvh© n‡q `vuwo‡q‡Q (CSE, 2006)|

wPÎt 7 e¨w³MZ Mvwo‡Kw›`ªK bM‡i Ahvwš¿K I MYcwien‡bi RbwcÖqZv n«vm cvq| Mvwoi AwZwi³ MwZ‡eM moK
`yN©Ubvi KviY hvi d‡j gvby‡li wbivcËvnxbZv e…w× cvq|

hvwš¿Khv‡bi msL¨v wbqš¿‡Yi †¶‡Î e¨w³MZ Mvwoi

cvwK©s e¨e¯’vcbv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L| †Wvbvì †kvDc
(Donald Shoup) Zvi eB‡Z cvwK©s Gi weiƒc
cÖfve¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
cÖ_gZ: e¨w³MZ Mvwoi cvwK©s myweav e„w×i †¶‡Î
cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z RvqMvi LiP †K enb Ki‡e?
fe‡bi gvwjK hw` Gi LiP enb K‡i, Z‡e †m
e¨enviKvix‡`i KvQ †_‡K AwZwi³ A_© Av`vq Ki‡e|
febwU‡Z †`vKvb _vK‡j cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z
RvqMvi LiP Av`v‡q cÖwZwU †`vKv‡bi fvov e„w× cv‡e|
†`vKvb`vi cvwK©s‡qi LiP cywl‡q wb‡Z cÖwZwU c‡Y¨i
mv‡_ AwZwi³ g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki‡e hv cÖ‡Z¨K †µZv‡K
cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨envi bv
K‡iI cÖ‡Z¨K †µZv‡K c‡iv¶fv‡e cvwK©s‡qi LiP
enb Ki‡Z n‡”Q|
wØZxqZ: A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib wbw`©ó RvqMv eivÏ †`qv
n‡j cvwK©s mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤¢e| wKš‘ e¨w³MZ Mvwo wPÎt 8 Bgvi‡Z Avewk¨K cvwK©s Gi Kvi‡Y feb wbg©vY LiP
wbqš¿‡Yi †Kvb mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv bv _vKvq e¨w³MZ I evmv fvov e…w× cv‡”Q| (m~Î: Reinventing Parking)
Mvwoi msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q Ges cvwK©s‡qi Pvwn`vI evo‡Q| wbwg©Z AeKvVv‡gv †f‡½ cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ RvqMv Kiv
Am¤¢e|

- 10 -
†h‡nZy ¯’vb ¯^íZv Ges f~wgi D”P g~j¨ we`¨gvb, †m‡nZy e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbqš¿Y Kiv bv n‡j cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ hZB RvqMv
eivÏ †`Iqv †nvK bv †Kb iv¯Ívq cybivq Mvwo cvwK©s n‡e| Avi c~‡e©i Zyjbvq Mvwoi msL¨v e„w× cvIqvq hvbRUmn Ab¨vb¨
mgm¨v Av‡iv cÖKU AvKvi aviY Ki‡e| e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbqš¿Y bv K‡i cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e RvqMv eivÏ w`‡q
mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e bq| XvKv we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg Rbeûj GKwU kni| GLv‡b RbmsL¨vi Abycv‡Z f~wgi cwigvY LyeB
Kg| KZUyKz RvqMv cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ †`Iqv n‡e Zv wbw`©ó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e cvwK©s Pvwn`v, e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi wbqš¿Y
Gi Dci wbf©ikxj|
Z„ZxqZ: webvg~‡j¨ ev ¯^íg~‡j¨ cvwK©s myweav e¨w³MZ Mvwo e„w×i Ab¨Zg KviY| eZ©gv‡b XvKvi me©ÎB webvg~‡j¨ ev bvggvÎ
g~‡j¨ `xN© mg‡qi Rb¨ Mvwo cvwK©s Kiv hvq| G‡Z gvbyl e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨env‡i DrmvwnZ n‡”Q| G K_v ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L
bv webvg~‡j¨ ev ¯^íg~‡j¨ cvwK©s myweav cvIqvi Kvi‡Y e¨w³MZ Mvwoi msL¨v e„w× cvq| d‡j bMievmx‡K cÖwZwbqZ Zxeª
hvbR‡Ui Ke‡j co‡Z nq (Shoup, 2005)|

wPÎt 9 e¨w³MZ Mvwo I Ab¨vb¨ cwienb e¨e¯’vi g‡a¨ Zyjbv (m~Î: Victoria Transport Policy Institute)

- 11 -
Victoria Transport Policy Institute Gi cÖwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx, nvuUv, mvB‡Kj ev MYcwienb e¨envi Kiv n‡j e¨w³MZ
Mvwoi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| GKwU e¨w³MZ Mvwoi mo‡K cÖwZ NÈvq 50 wK.wg. †e‡M PjšÍ Ae¯’vq
mvB‡K‡ji †P‡q 30 ¸Y I ev‡mi †P‡q 20 ¸Y †ewk RvqMvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges cÖwZ NÈvq 95 wK.wg. †e‡M PjšÍ e¨w³MZ
Mvwo mvB‡K‡ji †P‡q 100 ¸Y I ev‡mi †P‡q 67 ¸Y †ewk RvqMv `Lj K‡i|

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi wmD‡j Gwj‡f‡UW

G·‡cÖmI‡q †f‡½ cybivq cvwb cÖevn Pvjy
Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ H ¯’vbwU‡Z †jK
wQj| cÖvB‡fU Kvi e„w× cvIqvq †j‡Ki
Dci Av”Qv`b w`‡q Gwj‡f‡UW
G·‡cÖmI‡q wbg©vY Kiv nq| wKšÍ hvbRU
n«vm Kiv m¤¢e nqwb AwaKš‘ R¡vjvbx
AcPq, `~lY, `~N©Ubv I kn‡ii ZvcgvÎv c~‡e©
e„w× cvq| d‡j 2005 mv‡j Gwj‡f‡UW
G·‡cÖmI‡q †f‡½ †mLv‡b cybivq †jKwU
Db¥y³ K‡i †`Iqv nq| Avi hvZvqvZ
Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ nvuUv I mvB‡K‡ji
myweav e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb D³
¯’vbwU‡Z MYcwimi ˆZwii gva¨‡g
mK‡ji Avb›` I we‡bv`‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
n‡q‡Q|

c‡i wPÎt 10 `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi wmD‡j Lv‡ji Dc‡i Gwj‡f‡UW G·‡cÖmI‡q

wbg©vY I †f‡½ †djvi cieZ©x Ae¯’v|
AvšÍR©vwZK cvwK©s bxwZgvjv:
wkí wecø‡ei c‡i cÖvq cÖwZwU †`‡kB hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vq e¨w³MZ Mvwo‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡qwQj| cieZ©x‡Z e¨w³MZ Mvwo
KZ©„K m„ó mgm¨v Abyaveb K‡i we‡k¦i A‡bK kni GLb e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbqš¿‡Y wewfbœ D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Q| GiB Ask
wn‡m‡e Zviv cvwK©s bxwZgvjv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| wb‡¤œ KwZcq †`‡ki cvwK©s bxwZgvjvi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-

Gwkqvi wewfbœ kn‡ii cvwK©s bxwZgvjv:

Avðh©RbKfv‡e, Gwkqvi abx kni¸‡jvi (nsKs, wmDj, wm½vcyi, ZvB‡cB wmwU I †UvwKI) cvwK©s Pvwn`v ga¨g Av‡qi
kni¸‡jvi (e¨vsKK, RvKvZ©v, Kzqvjvjvgcyi I g¨vwbjv) †P‡q Kg| e¨vsKK I Kzqvjvjvgcy‡i evwYwR¨K I AvevwmK GjvKvq
D”P cvwK©s Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| kni¸‡jv‡Z †`Lv hvq, cÖwZ 100 eM©wgUv‡ii Rb¨ 2 wU cvwK©s Gi RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| e¨vsKK,
RvKvZ©v, Kzqvjvjvgcyi Ges g¨vwbjv kn‡i h‡_”Q cvwKs cÖ`vb‡K DrmvwnZ Kivq e¨w³MZ Mvwo µq Ges e¨envi evo‡Q|
XvKv, Avn‡g`vev`, n¨vbq, †eBwRs, ¸qvsRy I g¨vwbjvq cvwK©s ¯^íZv‡K ¸iæZi mgm¨v wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| D³
kni¸‡jv‡Z mo‡Ki Dci (On-street) cvwK©s GKwU mvaviY wPÎ, Ges Ad w÷ªU (Off-street) cvwK©s Gi Pvwn`vI µgk

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e„w× cv‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K †UvwKI, wm½vcyi Ges nsKs G ch©vß cvwK©s myweav Av‡Q g‡b Kiv nq eis wKQy †¶‡Î Pvwn`vi †P‡q
†hvMvb †ewk we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Gwkqvi A‡bK kn‡i h‡_ó cwigvY MYcwienb e¨env‡ii myweav _vK‡jI Lye Kg bxwZgvjvq
cvwK©s mxwgZKi‡Yi K_v ejv Av‡Q| GgbwK A‡bK e¨¯ÍZg GjvKvq cvwK©s mieiv‡ni Rb¨ †Kvb wd †bqviI weavb †bB|
D³ kni¸‡jv‡Z hvbRU mgm¨v Zxeª AvKvi aviY Ki‡jI miKvwi Kg©KZ©viv cvwK©s mxgve×Zv‡K fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨
ûgwK¯^iƒc we‡ePbv Ki‡Qb|

cvwK©s Pvwn`v mxwgZKi‡Y Gwkqvi wewfbœ kn‡i M„nxZ c`‡¶cmg~nt

• nsKs, wmDj I wm½vcyi cÖPwjZ cÖ_vi AbymiY bv K‡i cvwK©s Pvwn`vi wecix‡Z me©wb¤œ cvwK©s myweav cÖ`vb K‡i Ges
cvwK©s wd Av`vq K‡i _v‡K (ADB, 2011)|
• GQvovI wm½vcy‡i f~wg ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y I MYcwienb e¨envi DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z 2018 mv‡ji †deªæqvwi n‡Z bZyb K‡i
Mvwoi msL¨v e„w×i Aby‡gv`b bv †`qvi AvBb cvk nq| wm½vcy‡ii f~wg cwienb KZ©„c¶ bMi GjvKvq Aby‡gvw`Z
hvbevnb e„w×i nvi‡K evwl©K 0.25 kZvsk †_‡K Kwg‡q 0 (k~b¨) kZvsk Ki‡Z KvR Ki‡Q (Khaleej Times,
2017)|
• XvKv I Avn‡g`vev‡` mo‡Ki Dci cvwK©s Ges cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ hrmvgvb¨ wd Av`vq Kiv cvwK©s bxwZgvjvi g~j
mgm¨v| D³ Ae¯’v †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi j‡¶¨ m`¨ M„nxZ cvwK©s bxwZ‡Z bM‡ii e¨¯ÍZg GjvKvq D”P cvwK©s wdi K_v
ejv n‡q‡Q (Dhaka Transport Coordination Board, 2009)|
• †eBwRs, ¸qvsRy Ges ZvB‡cB kn‡i †QvU fe‡b cvwK©s myweav cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv| AwaKvsk †¶‡Î mevB miKvix cvwK©s
Gi Dci wbf©ikxj| eûgvwÎK cvwK©s e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g Zviv mo‡K cvwK©s mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q
(ADB, 2011)|
• Gwkqvi A‡bK kn‡i cvK© GÛ ivBW myweav Av‡Q hvi gva¨‡g hvÎx‡`i MYcwienb e¨envi mnRZi nq|
• †UvwKI‡Z bZyb Mvwo †iwR‡÷ªk‡bi c~‡e© cvwK©s Kivi Rb¨ RvqMv fvov Kiv n‡q‡Q wK bv Zv cÖgvY Ki‡Z nq Ab¨_vq
Mvwo †Kbvi mv‡_ cvwK©s LiP †hvM nq|

†gw·‡Kv wmwUi cvwK©s bxwZgvjv:

†gw·‡Kv wmwU‡Z 1942 Building Code G mo‡K cvwK©s (Ab-w÷ªU) eÜ Kivi Rb¨ bZyb cvwK©s myweav I miKvwi cvwK©s
¯’vcb Gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| evwYwR¨K fe‡bi Rb¨ †gvU AvqZ‡bi Kgc‡¶ 15 kZvsk I AvevwmK fe‡bi AšÍZ 10
kZvsk RvqMv cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ eivÏ _vKv Ges †h‡Kvb fe‡bi 200 wgUv‡ii g‡a¨ cvwK©s myweav ivLvi cÖ¯Ívebv wQj|
cieZ©x‡Z wewfbœ mg‡q cÖKvwkZ bxwZgvjvq †h‡Kvb ¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î cvwK©s ¯’vcb eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc 2004,
Building Code G cÖwZwU fe‡bi Pvwn`vi me©wb¤œ cwigvY cvwK©s Gi e¨e¯’vi K_v ejv Av‡Q| GKK cwiev‡ii Avevm‡bi
(Single-Family Housing) †¶‡Î cÖwZ 120 eM©wgUvi A_ev Zvi †P‡q Kg AvqZ‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cvwK©s, eûcwiev‡ii
Avevm‡bi Rb¨ (Multi-Family Housing) cÖwZ 65 eM©wgUvi A_ev Zvi †P‡q Kg AvqZ‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cvwK©s Ges
evwYwR¨K fe‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ 40 eM©wgUvi A_ev Zvi †P‡q Kg AvqZ‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cvwK©s _vKv eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡q‡Q|
djkªæwZ‡Z bM‡i hvbRU e„w× QvovI Dbœqb cÖKí ev AvevwmK feb ¯’vc‡bi e¨q e„w× cvq hvi fvi mvaviY bvMwiK‡`i
enb Ki‡Z nq| GQvovI cvwK©s ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ ev‡R‡Ui GKUv Ask eivÏ ivL‡Z nIqvq Ab¨vb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© LvZ Ae‡nwjZ
nq|
†gw·‡Kv wmwUi Dbœqb I MwZkxjZvi Dci we`¨gvb cvwK©s bxwZgvjvi cÖfve we‡kølY K‡i Institute for Transportation
and Development Policy D³ bxwZgvjvi 6 wU mvaviY cwieZ©b cÖ¯Íve K‡i-
• cÖ_gZ, bZyb ¯’vcbvq me©wb¤œ cvwK©s e¨e¯’vi cwie‡Z© AÂjwfwËK ˆewkó¨ †hgbt D³ A‡ji †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v,
cvwK©s Pvwn`v, Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’v BZ¨vw` we‡ePbvq †i‡L cvwK©s myweav cÖ`vb|
• wØZxqZ, bMi GjvKvq cvwK©s msL¨v mxwgZKiY, G‡¶‡Î me©wb¤œ cvwK©s e¨e¯’vi cwie‡Z© m‡e©v”P cvwK©s e¨e¯’vq
cÖwZ¯’vcb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
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 • Z„ZxqZ, MYcwienb e¨env‡i DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z Avw_©K cÖ‡Yv`bv cÖ`vb Kiv|
• PZy_©Z, miKvwi cvwK©s Gi Ae¯’vb, msL¨v Ges gvb K‡Vvi fv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv| webvg~‡j¨ cvwK©s Gi cwie‡Z© we‡kl
U¨v· Av`vq Kiv|
• cÂgZ, Awdm Aay¨wlZ ev evwYwR¨K GjvKvq Askx`vi wfwËK cvwK©s (shared parking) G DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z
cÖ‡Yv`bv cÖ`vb Kiv|
• me©‡kl, mo‡K cvwK©s wbwl×KiY, A‰ea cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ K‡Vvi kvw¯Íi weavb Kiv|

fviZxq RvZxq bMi cwienb bxwZgvjv:

fvi‡Zi RvZxq bMi cwienb bxwZgvjvq e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Zyjbvq MYcwienb Ges Ahvwš¿K evnb‡K cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|

G‡¶‡Î e¨vsKK GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D`vniY| GLv‡b kn‡ii †K›`ªxq GjvKv ev WvDbUvD‡b cÖwZ 1000 wU PvKwii Rb¨
338 wU Mvwo cvwK©s Gi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q| Avevi GKwU A‡÷«wjqvb kn‡i †K›`ªxq GjvKv ev WvDbUvD‡b cÖwZ
1000 wU PvKwii Rb¨ 380 wU Mvwo cvwK©s Gi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q (Banerjee, 2000)|
wecixZµ‡g, wm½vcyi, †UvwKI I nsKs GB wZbwU kn‡i M‡o †K››`ªxq GjvKv ev WvDbUvD‡b cÖwZ 1000 wU PvKwii
Rb¨ gvÎ 67 wU Mvwo cvwK©s Gi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q (Anon, 2004)|
G‡¶‡Î Kg©Pvix‡`i‡K †Kvb cvwK©s e¨e¯’v bv w`‡q hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ ev‡mi e¨e¯’v ev webvg~‡j¨ UªvbwRU cvm ev mvB‡Kj
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi k~‡b¨i KvQvKvwQ wb‡q Avmv m¤¢e|

GB bxwZgvjvi `ywU avivq Gi my¯úó D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ, bMi GjvKvi g~j¨evb f~wg cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ e¨envi Kivi c~‡e©
Gi cÖK…Z g~j¨ we‡ePbvi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ, cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ D”Pg~j¨ wba©viY Kivi gva¨‡g RvqMvi
h_v_© e¨envi wbwðZ Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| MYcwienb Ges Ahvwš¿K hvb Gi cvwK©s myweav evov‡bvi gva¨‡g gvby‡li
PjvPj mnR I ¯^v”Q›`¨gq Kiv n‡j †UKmB hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e| GQvov cvK© GÛ ivBW c×wZ‡Z †ij‡÷k‡b
mvB‡Kj ivLvi e¨e¯’v _vK‡j †i‡j hvZvqvZ Kiv mnRZi n‡e| G mKj Kvh©µ‡gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q kn‡ii †K›`ª¯’‡j
hvZvqv‡Zi †¶‡Î MYcwienb e¨env‡i DrmvwnZ Kiv| GQvov miKv‡ii cÿ †_‡K AvBbMZfv‡e iv¯Ívq cvwK©s e‡Üi K_v
ejv n‡q‡Q|

hy³iv‡óªi cvwK©s bxwZgvjv:

cvwK©s mgm¨vi Rb¨ hy³ivóª GKwU h_v_© D`vniY| †mLv‡b hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î gvbyl A‡c¶v
hvb PjvP‡j AwaK cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq| ZvB iv¯Ív QvovI cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ wK cwigvY RvqMv w`‡Z n‡e Zv cvwK©s bxwZgvjvq
mywbw`©ófv‡e ejv Av‡Q| †hme GjvKvq MYcwien‡b hvZvqv‡Zi myweav †bB †mLv‡b e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨env‡ii Rb¨ webvg~‡j¨
cvwK©s‡qi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q| G RvqMv¸‡jv AwaKvsk mgq Ae¨eüZ _vKvq cÖPyi RvqMv I A_© bó nq| G ai‡Yi bxwZ
ev¯Íevq‡b wewfbœ mgm¨vi m„wó nq| bxwZ wba©viKiv MYcwien‡bi myweav evov‡bvi cwie‡Z© e¨w³MZ Mvwoi cvwK©s myweav
cÖ`v‡b AvMÖnx _v‡Kb| eZ©gvb mg‡q cvwK©s‡qi cÖK…Z LiP we‡ePbv K‡i cvwK©s wd wba©viY Kiv n‡j cvwK©s Pvwn`v n«vm cv‡e|
†mB mv‡_ cvwK©s myweav KZfvM gvbyl‡K DcK…Z K‡i Zvi wnmve KivI cÖ‡qvRb|
hy³iv‡óªi Awdmmg~‡n M‡o 4 Rb gvbyl 1000 eM©dzU RvqMv e¨envi K‡i| †m wn‡m‡e cÖwZ R‡bi Rb¨ eivÏ 250 eM©dzU|
e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨enviKvixi Rb¨ RvqMv eivÏ _v‡K Av‡iv 330 eM©dzU (Shoup, 2005)| A_©vr GKwU e¨w³MZ Mvwo
GKRb gvbyl †_‡K †ewk RvqMv `Lj K‡i| cÖkœ n‡jv, e¨w³MZ Mvwo †Kb AwaK cÖvavb¨ cv‡e? e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi e„w×
†c‡j hvbRU, R¡vjvbx e¨q, AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY e¨q, `~N©Ubv I `~lY e„w× cvq| e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbf©i hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v KZUyKz
†UKmB Zv we‡ePbvq †bqv cÖ‡qvRb|

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 2019 mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z wiI wW †Rwb‡iv eªvwR‡ji cÖ_g kni wn‡m‡e cvwK©s AvBb cvk K‡i| †mB mv‡_ bZyb wewìs
†Kv‡W feb ˆZwii mgq b~¨bZg cvwK©s ivLvi welqwU ev` †`qv nq| M‡elYv †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, 2006-2015 mv‡j
kZKiv 42 fvM wbwg©Z GjvKv (Built Area) Mvwoi Rb¨ eivÏ wQj| AbvevwmK fe‡bi †¶‡Î Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨
eivÏK…Z RvqMv †e‡o `vuovq kZKiv 70 fvM G| cieZ©x‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z RvqMv
kZKiv 57 fvM Avevmb NvUwZ †gUv‡Z m¶g (ITDP, 2019)|

jmG‡Äjm-G wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi †Ljvi gv‡V wk¶K‡`i Mvwo ivLvi e¨e¯’v _vKvq wk¶v_©xiv †Ljvayjv Kivi ch©vß ¯’vb Ges
mgq †KvbwUB cv‡”Q bv (Shoup, 2005)| wk¶K‡`i †_‡K h_vh_fv‡e cvwK©s wd MÖnY Kiv n‡j Zviv e¨w³MZ Mvwo
e¨env‡i wbiærmvwnZ n‡eb| hviv ev‡m/†nu‡U ev mvB‡K‡j hvZvqvZ K‡ib Zv‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl myweav (fvZv cÖ`vb ev
cÖ‡qvRbxq †h †Kvb †mev) cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi gva¨‡g e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Kwg‡q wkï‡`i †Ljva~jvi Rb¨ RvqMv
eivÏ †`Iqv m¤¢e| cvwK©s bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡b welqwU we‡klfv‡e we‡ePbvq †bqv cÖ‡qvRb|

e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s wbqš¿‡Y AvšÍR©vwZK AwfÁZv

• K¨vwj‡dvwb©qvq Kvi‡gj kn‡ii †K›`ª¯’‡j Avjv`v cvwK©s ˆZwi m¤ú~Y© wbwl×| †mLv‡b PgrKvi †mvRv/mgvb dzUcvZ
ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q hv †nu‡U PjvP‡ji Rb¨ LyeB Dc‡hvMx| wKQy RvqMvq ïay nuvUvi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q| GQvov cvwK©s Gi
Rb¨ c~‡e© e¨eüZ ¯’vb †`vKv‡bi Rb¨ eivÏ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
• we‡k¦i A‡bK kn‡iB †nv‡U‡j e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Gi RvqMv bv w`‡q webvg~‡j¨ UªvbwRU cvm ev mvB‡Kj cÖ`vb Kiv
nq Ges cvwK©s wbiærmvwnZ Ki‡Z webvg~‡j¨ B›Uvi‡bU myweav †`qv nq|
• Rvg©vbxi wKQy †nv‡U‡j MYcwien‡b hvZvqvZ myweav †`qv nq|
• BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ kn‡i e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi I cvwK©s wbiærmvwnZ Ki‡Z hvbevn‡bi MwZmxgv Kwg‡q m‡e©v”P 30
wKwg/N›Uv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov mo‡Ki cybtweb¨vm, cÖk¯ÍZv Kgv‡bv, MwZ‡ivaK ¯’vcb mn Ab¨vb¨ e¨e¯’v †bqv n‡q‡Q
(Buehler et.al, 2017)|
• hy³iv‡R¨i jÛ‡b me©wb¤œ cvwK©s myweavi cwie‡Z© m‡e©v”P cvwK©s myweav cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
D`vniY¯^iƒc exgv ms¯’v myBm †i Gi wewìs G 48,000 eM©wgUvi RvqMv Awdm I evwYwR¨K Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq
†hLv‡b gvÎ 5 wU cvwK©s Gi e¨e¯’v Av‡Q hv we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ gvby‡li Rb¨ msiw¶Z (ITDP, 2014)|
• †¯ú‡bi wKQy kn‡ii †K›`ªxq bMi GjvKvq webvg~‡j¨ cvwK©s myweavi cwie‡Z© D”P wd wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
• jÛb kn‡ii 24 eM©wKwg GjvKvq e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖwZw`b 10 Wjvi hvbRU wd †`qv eva¨Zvg~jK|
• mvbd«vwÝm‡Kvi cvwK©s bxwZgvjvq Mvwoi Rb¨ KZUyKz cvwK©s †`Iqv hv‡e Zv mxwgZfv‡e mywbw`©ó K‡i †`qv Av‡Q|
• hy³iv‡óªi wbDBqK© kn‡i cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ Avav N›Uvq 9 Wjvi cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq|
• `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi wmD‡ji †K›`ªxq bMi GjvKvq 10 kZvsk cvwK©s myweav cÖ‡qvRb Ges mgMÖ Pvwn`vi m‡e©v”P 50
kZvsk cvwK©s myweav cÖ`v‡bi weavb Av‡Q (ITDP, 2014)|
• hy³iv‡óªi wKQy kn‡ii mo‡K cvwK©s Gi ¯’‡j cvK©‡jU ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, †hLv‡b emvi ¯’vb, meyR MvQ, wkï‡`i
†Ljvi RvqMv A_ev wcKwbK ¯úU ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j H mKj GjvKvi cwi‡ek I mvgvwRK Rxe‡b BwZevPK
cwieZ©b G‡m‡Q (Shoup, 2005)|
• biI‡qi Am‡jv kn‡ii †K›`ª¯’j ev WvDbUvD‡b cvwK©s Gi cwie‡Z© c_Pvix‡`i Rb¨ †eÂ, cvK©‡jU I mvB‡Kj †jb
ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q (Bliss, 2018)|

- 15 -
 wPÎ 11: c_PvixevÜe kni †hLv‡b Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb e¨env‡ii h‡_ó my‡hvM _vK‡e, mgv‡Ri mKj ¯Í‡ii gvbyl GB my‡hvM myweav †fvM
Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges mvgwMÖK cwi‡ek msiw¶Z n‡e|

• myBRvij¨v‡Ûi Rywi‡L †h‡Kvb A‡j MYcwienb myweavi Dci wfwË K‡i D³ A‡ji febmg~‡n me©wb¤œ Ges
me©vwaK cvwK©s Gi Aby‡gv`b †`qv nq| feb wbg©vZv‡`i m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK cvwK©s †mev cÖ`vb †_‡K weiZ †_‡K
†UKmB cwienb e¨e¯’v ev¯Íevq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv nq (ITDP, 2014)| GQvovI evb© Ges RywiL
kn‡ii †K‡›`ª mvivw`b Gi Rb¨ cvwK©s Kiv K‡Vvifv‡e wbqš¿Y Kiv nq (ADB, 2011)|
• wbDBqK© wmwU, †cvU©j¨vÛ (I‡iMb), mvb d«vwÝm‡Kv Ges wmqvUj mn AviI wKQy Av‡gwiKvb kn‡ii †K›`ªxq evwYwR¨K
GjvKvq (CBD) cvwK©s wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡q‡Q (ADB, 2011)|
• d«v‡Ýi c¨vwim kn‡i cÖwZ gv‡mi GKwU iweevi Mvwo gy³ w`b wn‡m‡e cvjb Kiv nq| †`Lv †M‡Q, GB w`‡b kn‡ii
evqy‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb WvB A·vB‡Wi cwigvY Ab¨vb¨ w`‡bi Zyjbvq 25 kZvsk K‡g hvq (Airparif, 2017)|
• d«v‡Ýi wjqb kn‡ii †K›`ªxq AÂjwU NbemwZc~Y© Ges iv¯Ív miæ nIqvq Zxeª hvbRU m„wó nq| hvbRU nªvm Ges
kniwUi wbR¯^ HwZn¨ i¶vi j‡¶¨ Mvwogy³ AÂj wn‡m‡e iƒcvšÍi Kivi GKwU cÖ¯Ívebv †`qv n‡q‡Q| GRb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq bKkv cÖYq‡b me©¯Í‡ii RbMY GK‡Î KvR Ki‡eb|
• †Wbgv‡K©i ivRavbx †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb †K›`ªxq evwYwR¨K GjvKv (CBD) †_‡K cÖwZ eQi 3% nv‡i cvwK©s mieivn nªvm
Ki‡Q (ADB, 2011)| cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ msiw¶Z cvwK©s jU, Kve©-mvBW cvwK©s Ges M¨v‡iR †f‡½ †m¸‡jv c_Pvix,
mvB‡Kj PvjK Ges MYcwien‡bi gZ cwi‡lev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ n‡”Q (Garthwaite, 2011)|
• †b`vij¨vÛm Gi Avg÷viWv‡g e¨w³MZ Mvwoi gva¨‡g ågY †gvU åg‡Yi kZKiv 22 kZvsk| kniwU‡Z Ahvwš¿K
hvb I MYcwienb Gi RbwcÖqZv µgk e„w× cvIqvq Ges e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Dci wbf©ikxjZv Kgv‡bvi j‡¶¨ 2025
mv‡ji g‡a¨ 11,200 cvwK©s ¯úU AcmviY K‡i mvB‡Kj, c_Pvix I MYcwienb Gi Rb¨ eivÏ Kiv n‡e (Van den
steen, 2019)|

- 16 -
 wPÎ 12: Mvwogy³ †Kv‡cb‡n‡Mb, †WbgvK©| GLv‡b Ahvwš¿K hvbevnb me‡P‡q †ewk AMÖvwaKvi cvq
(m~Ît https://blog.carnextdoor.com.au/car-free-cities/)

†b`vij¨vÛ‡mi †WîU (Delft)

kniwU 2000 mvj †_‡K e¨w³MZ
Mvwogy³|
2009 mv‡j djvdj g~j¨vqb K‡i
†`Lv hvq †h, kn‡i emevmKvix‡`i
kZKiv 70 fv‡MiI †ewk gvbyl
e¨w³MZ Mvwogy³ kn‡ii aviYvwU
mv`‡i MÖnY K‡i‡Qb (Spek,
2011)|

wPÎ 13: †b`vij¨vÛ‡mi †WîU (Delft) Gi †gvUihvbwenxb nvuUv I mvB‡Kj

Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx iv¯Ív

- 17 -
jmG‡Äjm I mvbd«vwÝm‡Kv
hy³iv‡óª e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbf©ikxj kni¸‡jvi g‡a¨ jmG‡Äjm Ab¨Zg| hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ e¨w³MZ Mvwo‡K cÖvavb¨
†`qvq kniwU‡Z hvbRU mgm¨v AZ¨šÍ cÖKU|
GK mgq jmG‡Äj‡m wk¶vi gv‡bvbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ mviv eQi K¬vm cwiPvjbvi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq| wKš‘ wk¶v
cÖwZôvb¸‡jv wk¶K‡`i Mvwo cvwK©s Gi RvqMv w`‡Z wM‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K K¬vmiæg ˆZwi Ki‡Z e¨_© nIqvq wk¶vi
m¤úªmviY m¤¢e nq wb|
jmG‡Äj‡m mo‡K Mvwo cvwK©s wbiærmvwnZ Kivi j‡¶¨ bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ Avjv`v RvqMvi
e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j †m RvqMvwU †Kvb Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| GB bxwZgvjvi d‡j
jmG‡Äjm Gi iv¯Ívq Mvwo cvwK©s wbqwš¿Z n‡jI e¨w³MZ Mvwoi gva¨‡g AwaK hvZvqv‡Zi Kvi‡Y hvbRU mgm¨vi
mgvavb nqwb Ges hvbevn‡bi MwZI AZ¨šÍ Kg|
wKš‘ hy³iv‡óªi Av‡iKwU kni mvbd«vwÝm‡Kv cvwK©s bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g cvwK©s Kwg‡q Avbvi wm×všÍ MÖnY
K‡i‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GKwU D‡`¨vM nj Smart Parking System †hLv‡b cvwK©s Pvwn`v Abyhvqx PvR© †bqv
nq| Pvwn`v †ewk n‡j cvwK©s PvR© †e‡o hvq Avevi Pvwn`v K‡g †M‡j PvR©I K‡g hvq|
ev‡m©‡jvbv mycvieøKm
RbNbZ¡ I ˆewPΨZv‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q ev‡m©‡jvbv mycvieøK¸‡jv ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| mycvieø‡Ki g‡a¨ iv¯Ív¸‡jv‡K
ïaygvÎ Mvwo PjvP‡ji Rb¨ bq, eis GKBmv‡_ A‡bK¸‡jv mwµq Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g we‡bv`‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ
Kiv nq| †hgb- nvuUv I mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv, †Ljvayjv, ev mvgvwRKxKiY| e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g kã
I evqy`~lY n«vm, MYcwimi e„w× Ges eûgva¨gwfwËK hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’v‡K Drmvn †`q m¤¢e (Roberts, 2019)|

iv¯Ívi Dc‡i On-street cvwK©s _vK‡j Mvwo PjvPj evavMÖ¯Í nq| wPÎwU‡Z †`Lv hvq, iv¯Ívq hLb Mvwo cvwK©s Kiv nq
ZLb hvbevnb PjvP‡j †hgb wek„•Ljv m„wó nq †Zgwb `yN©UbviI Avk¼v _v‡K (m~Î: Yang & Zuo, 2017)|

- 18 -
XvKv gnvbMi BgviZ wbg©vY wewagvjv, 2008 Abyhvqx wewfbœ †kÖYxi fe‡bi Rb¨ b~¨bZg cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwK©s ¯’vb

evsjv‡`k moK cwienb KZ©„c¶ Gi RyjvB, 2019 ch©šÍ wnmveg‡Z, XvKv †g‡UªvcwjUvb GjvKvq wbewÜZ Rxc i‡q‡Q
44952 wU Ges wbewÜZ e¨w³MZ hvÎx Mvwo i‡q‡Q 286016 wU (BRTA, 2019)|
XvKv gnvbMi BgviZ wbg©vY wewagvjv, 2008 Abyhvqx ïaygvÎ Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ cÖwZwU Mvwoi †¶‡Î cvwK©s cÖ¯’ 2.4 wgUvi
I cvwK©s ˆ`N¨© 4.6 wgUvi, A_©vr 11.04 eM© wgUvi ev 118.83 eM©dzU RvqMv ivL‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î fe‡bi e¨envi Gi Dci
wbf©i K‡i b~¨bZg msL¨K cvwK©s ¯’vb wba©vwiZ K‡i †`qv Av‡Q|
AvevwmK feb (AKz‡cwÝ UvBc A)
• GKK cwievi wfwËK/†iv nvDm/200 e.wg. Gi †ekx bq Ggb †¶Îdj wewkó Aa© wew”Qbœ (Semi Detached)
AvevwmK feb Gi Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• GKK cwievi wfwËK/†iv nvDm/200 e.wg.i D‡aŸ©i †¶Îdj wewkó Aa© wew”Qbœ (Semi Detached) AvevwmK fe‡bi
Rb¨ 2 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• GKvwaK cwievi (Multi-family) wfwËK AvevwmK fe‡bi †¶‡Î 200 e:wg: Gi AwaK Gwiqv wewkó d¬¨vU cÖwZ
BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• GKvwaK cwievi (Multi-family) wfwËK AvevwmK fe‡bi †¶‡Î 140 e:wg: DaŸ© nB‡Z 200 e:wg: Gwiqv wewkó
d¬¨vU cÖwZ 3 BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ 2 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• GKvwaK cwievi (Multi-family) wfwËK AvevwmK fe‡bi †¶‡Î 90 e:wg: DaŸ © nB‡Z 140 e:wg: Gwiqv wewkó
d¬¨vU cÖwZ 2 BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• GKvwaK cwievi (Multi-family) wfwËK AvevwmK fe‡bi †¶‡Î 60 e:wg: DaŸ© nB‡Z 90 e:wg: Gwiqv wewkó d¬¨vU
cÖwZ 4 BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• GKvwaK cwievi (Multi-family) wfwËK AvevwmK fe‡bi †¶‡Î 60 e:wg: ch©šÍ MÖm Gwiqv wewkó d¬¨vU cÖwZ 8
BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• GKvwaK cwievi (Multi-family) wfwËK AvevwmK fe‡bi †¶‡Î 90 e:wg: ch©šÍ MÖm Gwiqvi d¬¨vU (Kvi cvwK©s Gi
AwZwi³) cÖwZ 5 BDwb‡Ui Rb¨ 1 wU †gvUi mvB‡Kj cvwK©s
• †nv‡Uj (÷vi †kÖYxf‚³) cÖwZ 5 wU †Móiƒ‡gi Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• †nv‡Uj (Ab¨vb¨ †kÖYxf‚³) cÖwZ 200e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
• Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ 300 e:wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s

wk¶v cÖwZôvb (AKz‡cwÝ UvBc B)

• wKÛviMv‡U©b, cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, D”P we`¨vjq, gnv we`¨vjq cÖwZ 200e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s| ¯‹yj
PË¡‡ii g‡a¨ iv¯Ívi mgvšÍiv‡j bxP Zjvq evavg~³ 4.25 wg. cÖk¯Í I 25wgt ˆ`N¨© Wªwcs †e _vwK‡Z nB‡e (mevi Rb¨
Db¥y³)|
• mnvqK (Tertiary) wk¶v cÖwZôvb, cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª, wek¦we`¨vjq Ges Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v cÖwZôvb 25 wgUv‡ii Kg `xN© gyL
wewkó cø‡Ui Rb¨ cø‡Ui m¤ú~Y© m¤§yLfvM euvavgy³ 4.25 wgt cÖ¯’ wewkó Wªwcs †e _vwK‡Z nB‡e|

cÖvwZôvwbK (AKz‡cwÝ UvBc C)

• cÖwZ 200 e:wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s

¯^v¯’¨ †mev (AKz‡cwÝ UvBc D)

• nvmcvZvj, wK¬wbK cÖwZ 5 wU †e‡Wi Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• wPwKrmv M‡elYvMvi cÖwZ 100 e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
• Ab¨vb¨ (wPwKrmv ewnwe©fvM, `jMZ cÖvKwUm BZ¨vw`) cÖwZ 200 e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s

- 19 -
mgv‡ek (AKz‡cwÝ UvBc E)
• wm‡bgv cÖwZ 40 wU wm‡Ui Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• w_‡qUvi, AwW‡Uvwiqvg cÖwZ 20 wU wm‡Ui Rb¨ 1 wU Kvi cvwK©s
• weevn/ cvwU© †m›Uvi cÖwZ 100 e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
• ag©xq ¯’vcbv 300 eM© wgUvi ch©šÍ Kgc‡¶ 1wU Mvwo cvwK©s ¯’vb Ges 300 eM© wgUvi Gi D‡aŸ© cÖwZ 100 e: wg:
Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
• Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ 200 e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
evwYwR¨K ¯’vcbv (AKz‡cwÝ UvBc F)
• †`vKvb, wWcvU©‡g›U †÷vi, cÖwZ 200 e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
• †ióy‡i›U cÖwZ 100 e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
• Awdm cÖwZ 200 e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
• Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZ 200 e: wg: MÖm Gwiqvi Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s
wkí ¯’vcbv (AKz‡cwÝ UvBc-G), †óv‡iR wewìs (AKz‡cwÝ UvBc -H)
• mKj ¯’vcbvi †¶‡Î †jvwWs Avb‡jvwWs †e e¨ZxZ Kgc‡¶ 1wU UªvK cvwK©s I 1wU Kvi cvwK©s _vK‡Z nB‡e| wkí
¯’vcbv I †÷v‡iR wewìs-G cÖkvmwbK, weµq BZ¨vw` `ßi _vwK‡j ïay H As‡ki †¶‡Î cÖwZ 200 e:wg: MÖm Gwiqvi
Rb¨ 1wU Kvi cvwK©s _vwK‡Z nB‡e|

†Wvbvì †kvDc (Donald Shoup) Gi g‡Z, e¨w³MZ Mvwo¸‡jv w`‡bi 97% mgq cvwK©s Ae¯’vq _v‡K| e¨w³MZ
Mvwoi cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ evwo‡Z, Awd‡m I kwcs Kg‡cø·¸‡jv‡Z RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb nq| GKwU wnmveg‡Z, GKwU
e¨w³MZ Mvwoi cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ Gi PjšÍ Ae¯’vi 6.7 ¸Y †ewk RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb (e¨eüZ RvqMv= `LjK…Z RvqMv X
mgq) (Shoup, 2005)|

cvwK©s Gi RvqMvi mv‡_ wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq f‚wg e¨env‡ii Zyjbv

e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨enviKvix‡`i hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ evwo QvovI me©Î (Awdm, wecYxweZvb, wkÿv cÖwZôvbmn mKj MšÍe¨)
cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hme RvqMvq cvwK©s Gi wbw`©ó RvqMv _v‡Kbv †mme †¶‡Î iv¯Ívq cvwK©s Kiv nq|
G‡ÿ‡Î wnmv‡ei myweav‡_© a‡i †bqv n‡jv, cÖwZwU e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Rb¨ Kgc‡¶ 2 wU cvwK©s cÖ‡qvRb| evsjv‡`k moK
cwienb KZ…©c‡¶i Z_¨ Abyhvqx, RyjvB 2019 ch©šÍ XvKv †g‡UªvcwjUb GjvKvq wbewÜZ Rxc Ges e¨w³MZ Mvwoi msL¨v
†gvU 330968 wU|

wPÎ 14: XvKv kn‡ii iv¯Ívi Dci¯’ cvwK©s (On street parking)

- 20 -
Ab¨w`‡K, XvKv gnvbMi BgviZ wbg©vY wewagvjv, 2008 Abyhvqx, feb¸‡jv‡Z cÖwZwU e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Rb¨ cÖvq 120 eM©dzU
RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| A_©vr, 330968 wU wbewÜZ Rxc Ges e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Rb¨ me©wb¤œ 2wU cvwK©s wnmv‡e cÖvq 7,94,32,320
eM©dzU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Gi ¯’‡j D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K wb¤œweˇ`i evm¯’vb, Kg©¯’j, KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi,
†Ljvi gvV I RbmgvMg¯’j Gi e¨e¯’v Kiv m¤¢e| G wel‡q GKwU Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
wb¤œweˇ`i evm¯’vb: XvKv kn‡i wb¤œweË e¨w³ †hgb- nKvi, Mv‡g©›Um Kg©x, wiKkvPvjK‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡K M‡o 1.2 eM©wgUvi
A_©vr 12.92 eM©dzU RvqMvq emevm K‡ib (Shams, Shohel, & Ahsan, 2014)| wnmv‡ei myweav‡_©, gv_vwcQy 15 eM©dzU
aiv n‡j 7,94,32,320 eM©dzU RvqMvq AvbygvwbK 52,95,488 Rb wb¤œweË gvby‡li Avevm‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv m¤¢e| XvKvq
eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 42,00,000 Rb gvbyl ew¯Í‡Z evm K‡i (RAJUK, 2019)| AZGe cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ RvqMv AcPq bv K‡i
G wekvj Rb‡Mvôx‡K Lye mn‡RB Avevm‡bi e¨e¯’v K‡i †`qv m¤¢e|

Kg©¯’‡ji e¨e¯’v: 2013 mv‡j

cÖKvwkZ Gwkqvb †W‡fjc‡g›U
e¨vsK Gi cÖwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx,
evsjv‡`‡k †ewki fvM gvbyl (cÖvq
87%) †eKviZ¡, Kg DcvR©b Ges
cÖwZK‚j Kg©cwi‡e‡ki wkKvi
n‡”Qb| ˆZwi †cvkvK wk‡í cÖe„w×i
cvkvcvwk 2013 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki
Drcv`b Lv‡Z Kg©ms¯’vb 16%
n‡q‡Q (ADB & ILO, 2016)|
cÖwZRb Kg©Pvixi Rb¨ 30 eM©dyU
(National Commission for
wPÎ 15: XvKv kn‡ii feb¸‡jv‡Z e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s G cÖwZ Mvwoi
Enterprises in the
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMv cÖvq 120 eM©dyU
Unorganised Sector India,
2008) RvqMv wn‡m‡e 7,94,32,320 eM©dyU RvqMvq cÖvq 26,47,744 Rb Awdm Kg©Pvixi ¯’vb msKzjvb m¤¢e|

KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi ev ag©xq ¯’vb: †emiKvwi AvevwmK cÖK‡íi f~wg

Dbœqb wewagvjv, 2004 Abymv‡i KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi ev ag©xq ¯’v‡bi
Rb¨ cÖwZ nvRvi gvby‡li Rb¨ 0.04 GKi ev 1742 eM©dzU RvqMv
cÖ‡qvRb| †m wn‡m‡e 7,94,32,320 eM©dzU RvqMv cÖvq
4,55,98,346 Rb gvby‡li KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi ev ag©xq ¯’vb wn‡m‡e
e¨envi Kiv m¤¢e| cvwK©s G e¨eüZ RvqMvi A‡a©‡KiI Kg RvqMvq
XvKvq emevmKvix mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi ev ag©xq
¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
†Ljvi gvV I RbmgvMg¯’j: †emiKvix AvevwmK cÖK‡íi f~wg Dbœqb
wewagvjv, 2004 Abymv‡i †Ljvi gvV I RbmgvMg¯’j Gi Rb¨ cÖwZ
nvRvi gvby‡li 0.2 GKi ev 8712 eM©dzU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb| †m
Abyhvqx, 7,94,32,320 eM©dzU RvqMvq 91,17,574 gvby‡li †Ljvi
gvV I RbmgvMg¯’j ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e| XvKvi eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v
1,74,00,000 (Demographia, 2019) Ges ïaygvÎ cvwK©s Gi
RvqMv‡K †Ljvi gvV I RbmgvMg¯’‡j G iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv n‡j XvKvi
†gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq A‡a©‡Ki †Ljvi gvV I RbmgvMg¯’j Gi Pvwn`v
†gUv‡bv m¤¢e| wPÎ 16: XvKv kn‡ii wb¤œweË e¨w³MY Avevm‡bi Rb¨
M‡o 15 eM©dzU (cÖvq) RvqMv †c‡q _v‡Kb

- 21 -
XvKvi †cÖ¶vc‡U †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †KvbwU cÖvavb¨ cv‡e| cvwK©s bq, Kg©ms¯’vb I wkïmn me eq‡mi gvby‡li †Ljva~jv Ges
mvgvwRK Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi myweav wbwðZ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

wPÎ 17: XvKvi †cÖÿvc‡U Mvwo cvwKs Gi cwie‡Z© Kg©ms¯’vb I mvgvwRKxKi‡Yi ¯’vb cÖ‡qvRb

- 22 -
we‡k¦i wewfbœ kn‡i wKQy wKQy mo‡K Mvwo PjvPj I wKQy ¯’v‡b cvwK©s wbwl× Kivq PjvPj, e¨emv I mvgvwRK Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi
myweav e„w× †c‡q‡Q|

wPÎ 18: we‡k¦i wewfbœ RvqMvq cvwK©s wbwl× K‡i †mme RvqMvq MYmgvMg¯’j, e¨emv I KwgDwbwU myweavmg~n cÖ`v‡bi bgybv

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- 24 -

wPÎ 19: e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Gi ¯’‡j wfbœœ AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq f~wg e¨envi| cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ eivÏ ¯’vbmg~‡ni AviI Kvh©Ki e¨envi wbwðZ Kivi
gva¨‡g kn‡ii evwm›`v‡`i †gŠwjK I Ab¨vb¨ Pvwn`v †hgbt evm¯’vb, Kg©ms¯’vb ev we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ RvqMvi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
 cvwK©s Pvwn`v m¤úwK©Z GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq

XvKv Ges AviI A‡bK kn‡i Mvwo cvwK©s wb‡q mswkøó KZ©…c‡¶i A‡bK D‡ØM i‡q‡Q| ÒAvgv‡`i eo iv¯Ív `iKvi!
Avgv‡`i AviI cvwK©s `iKvi! Avgv‡`i Aek¨B cvwK©s AeKvVv‡gv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e! Avgv‡`i AviI cvwK©s‡qi ¯’vb
wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e! Avgv‡`i Aek¨B mg¯Í fe‡bi cvwK©s myweav wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e!" wKš‘ ev¯ÍeZv n‡”Q e¨w³MZ
MvwoB hvbR‡Ui cÖavb KviY| XvKv kn‡i hvbR‡Ui Rb¨ 3.2 wgwjqb Kg©N›Uv bó nq Ges K‡qK nvRvi †KvwU UvKvi
Avw_©K ¶wZ nq| wKš‘ Avgiv µgvMZ GB mZ¨wU A¯^xKvi KiwQ Ges kn‡ii gvby‡li †nu‡U hvZvqvZ, Ahvwš¿K hvb I
MYcwien‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K D‡c¶v KiwQ|
Avgv‡`i †`‡k †hLv‡b mK‡ji Rb¨ MYcwim‡ii g‡Zv †gŠwjK Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi h‡_ó my‡hvM †bB †mLv‡b Mvwo cvwK©s‡K
AMÖvwaKvi †`qv wbZvšÍB A‡hŠw³K| Mvwo cvwK©s Gi cwie‡Z© †Ljvi gvV, wkÿv cÖwZôvb, nvmcvZvj, wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq
`ª‡e¨i †`vKvb BZ¨vw` bvMwiK myweav wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e|
wKš‘ `yf©vM¨RbK †h gvby‡li †gŠwjK cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi †P‡q e¨w³MZ Mvwo‡K †ewk cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡”Q| A_P e¨w³MZ
Mvwo cvwK©s Gi cwie‡Z© wb¤œweˇ`i Avevmb, wkï‡`i †Ljvi ¯’v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv m¤¢e| ZvB GLbB mgq †f‡e †`Lvi
†KvbwU †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y©- gvby‡li †gŠwjK Pvwn`v bvwK e¨w³MZ Mvwo?
kn‡i nvuUv, mvB‡Kj, Ahvwš¿K hvb Ges MYcwienb e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi wbqš¿Y Kiv
m¤¢e| Gi d‡j cvwK©s Pvwn`vI K‡g Avm‡e| f~wgi mwVK e¨envi, wbg©j evqy, evm‡hvM¨ cwi‡ek Ges bvMwiK Rxe‡b
MwZkxjZv Avbq‡b e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbqš¿‡Yi †Kvb weKí †bB| XvKv kni‡K GKwU gvbweK kn‡i cwiYZ Kivi GLbB
Dchy³ mgq|

XvKvq eZ©gvb cvwK©s msµvšÍ bxwZgvjv

cvwK©s msµvšÍ wewfbœ bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K© wb‡¤œ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-

XvKv gnvbMix cywjk AwW©b¨vÝ, 1976 Gi aviv 66, 67 Gi h_vwea cÖ‡qvM| aviv 66 Ges 67 †Z Av‡Q:
• aviv 66: fyj ¯’v‡b Mvox `uvovBqv ivLvi kvw¯Í: †Kvb e¨w³ hw` iv¯Ívq ev mvavi‡Yi e¨envh© ¯’v‡bi Ggb †Kvb As‡k
†Kvb Mvox ivwLqv hvq ev Mvox _vgvBqv iv‡L, †hLv‡b Mvox `uvovBqv ivLv cywjk Kwgkbvi KZ…©K wbwl×, Z‡e †mB
e¨w³ GKkZ UvKv Rwigvbv `‡Û `Ûbxq nB‡e|
• aviv 67: cv‡q Pjv c_ eÜ Kivi kvw¯Í: †Kvb e¨w³ hw` cv‡q Pjvi c‡_ c¨vivmy‡jUvi wfbœ †Kvb Mvox D³ cv‡q Pjv
c‡_ AvovAvwo fv‡e ev c‡_i Dc‡i _v‡K Z‡e †mB e¨w³ GKkZ UvKv ch©šÍ Rwigvbv `‡Û `Ûbxq nB‡e |

†gvUihvb AvBb 1983 Gi aviv 157 cÖ‡qvM| aviv 157 †Z i‡q‡Q:

• aviv-157: cÖKvk¨ mo‡K ev cÖKvk¨ ¯’v‡b cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó: †Kvb e¨w³ cÖKvk¨ mo‡K ev cÖKvk¨ ¯’v‡b †gvUi Mvox
ivwLqv Dnv †givgZ KivB‡j A_ev weµ‡qi Rb¨ †mLv‡b †gvUi Mvoxi hš¿vsk ev Ab¨ †Kvb wRwbm ivwL‡j hw`
hvbevnb PjvP‡j cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó nq Zvnv nB‡j †m GB avivbyhvqx m‡e©v”P cuvPkZ UvKv Rwigvbv nB‡e Ges †mB
†gvUiMvox ev Gi hš¿vsk ev‡Rqvß nB‡e|

wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb AvBb 2009 Gi aviv Z„Zxq Zdwmj aviv 19.1 cÖ‡qvM| G‡Z Av‡Q:
• 19.1 c_Pvix hvnv‡Z c_ Pwj‡Z wec`MÖ¯Í bv nb Ges Zvnvi wbivc` I Abvqv‡m c‡_ Pjv‡div Kwi‡Z cv‡i †mB
Rb¨ K‡c©v‡ikb cÖweavb Øviv hvbevn‡bi PjvPj wbqš¿Y Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|

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mgwš^Z eûgva¨gwfwËK cwienb bxwZgvjv 2013 Gi aviv 4.8.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.3, 5.1.4, 5.3.9 I 5.3.17 Gi
h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM| aviv¸‡jv‡Z Av‡Q:
• aviv 4.8.1: e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbiærmvwnZ Kivi j‡¶¨ MYcwienb †mev cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î miKvi m„Rbkxj D™¢veb‡K
DrmvwnZ Ki‡e hv‡Z evmmg~n cwi”Qbœ, AwaKZi AvivgcÖ`, wbf©i‡hvM¨ I e¨w³MZ Mvwoi GKwU AvKl©Yxq weKí
gva¨g wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
• aviv 5.1.1: c_Pvixi AMÖvwaKviÕ (Pedestrian first) Kg©m~wP cÖeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g mswkøó KZ©„c¶ KZ©„K bMi GjvKvq
dzUcv_ n‡Z Abby‡gvw`Z Rei`LjKvix‡`i D‡”Q`KiY|
• aviv 5.1.2: moK wbivcËv wbwðZKiY|
• aviv 5.1.3: cÖk¯Í dzUcv‡Zi my‡hvM m„wómn c_PvixevÜe moK wbg©vY|
• aviv 5.1.4: dzUcv‡_i Dbœqb, i¶Yv‡e¶Y Ges cwi”QbœZv wbwðZKiY|
• aviv 5.3.9: e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi mxwgZ I MYcwienb e¨envi e„w× Kivi wel‡q Rbm‡PZbZv m„wó|
• aviv 5.3.17: miKvi cvwK©s bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Ki‡e| G bxwZgvjvq mo‡Ki Dci I mo‡Ki evB‡i ¯^íKvjxb I
`xN©Kvjxb cvwK©s Gi e¨e¯’v Ges Zvi Rb¨ Av`vq‡hvM¨ gvï‡ji nvi wba©viY AšÍf©~³ _vK‡e| mswkøó ms¯’vmg~n‡K
mo‡Ki Dci cvwK©s wbqš¿‡Yi ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e|

moK cwienb AvBb 2018:

• aviv 41: miKvi ev miKvi KZ©„K ¶gZvcÖvß †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb ev ms¯’v UªvwdK PjvPj wbqš¿Y Ges moK wbivcËv
weav‡b †gvUihv‡bi e¨envi, MwZmxgv, cvwK©s GjvKv, UªvwdK mvBb I ms‡KZ e¨envi, PjvPj BZ¨vw` wba©vwiZ
c×wZ‡Z wbqš¿Y Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|
• aviv 47: miKvi †M‡RU cÖÁvcb Øviv ev miKvi KZ©„K ¶gZvcÖvß KZ©„c¶ ev †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb ev ¯’vbxq miKvi
cÖwZôvb ¯^ ¯^ Awa‡¶‡Îi g‡a¨, cÖ‡qR‡b mswkøó GjvKvq wbqš¿‡Y wb‡qvwRZ evsjv‡`k cywj‡ki civgk© MÖnY Kwiqv,
mgq †gvUihvb cvwK©s GjvKv, _vgvBevi ¯’vb Ges hvÎx I cY¨ DVv-bvgvi ¯’vb I mgq wba©viY Kwi‡Z cvwi‡e|

XvKv cwienb mgš^q KZ©„c¶ Zvi Awa‡¶Î GjvKvq cvwK©s e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Gi KvR
Ki‡Q|

cvwK©s wd bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y m„ó mgm¨v

eZ©gv‡b XvKv kn‡i e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨enviKvixiv webvg~‡j¨ cvwK©s myweav cv‡”Q hvi e¨qfvi D³ hvb Ae¨enviKvix‡`iI
enb Ki‡Z n‡”Q| wKQy msL¨K gvby‡li Mvwoi Rb¨, mKj †kªYx-†ckvi gvbyl Avw_©K ¶wZi m¤§yLxb n‡”Qb|
e¨w³MZ Mvwoi msL¨v e„w× gv‡bB hvbRU e„w×, kã I evq~`~lY e„w× Ges R¡vjvbx AcPq| `~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y cwi‡ek wech©‡qi
cvkvcvwk gvby‡li wewfbœ ai‡Yi `yiv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|
I‡Rvb ¯Í‡i Kve©b WvB A·vB‡Wi cwigvY e„w× cvIqvq ZvcgvÎv e„w× cv‡”Q hv `ªæZ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi cÖavb KviY|
evqygÛ‡j Kve©b WvB A·vBW e„w×i Ab¨Zg Drm hvwš¿K hvbevnb| ZvB hvwš¿K hv‡bi e¨envi n«vm Kiv AZxe Riæix|
hvbRU e„w×i †cÖw¶‡Z m„ó mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ A‡b‡KB iv¯Ívi cÖk¯ÍZv e„w×i cÖ¯Ívebv w`‡q _v‡Kb| †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î
d¬vBIfvi ev Gwj‡f‡UW G·‡cÖmI‡q ˆZwi Ges cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ Av‡iv †ewk RvqMv eivÏ †`Iqvi c‡¶ gZvgZ †`b| wKš‘
G wm×všÍ ev¯Íevqb n‡j e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Awbqwš¿Z e„w× n‡e (†h‡nZy 10% iv¯Ívi e„w×i d‡j 9% hvwš¿Khv‡bi e¨envi e„w×
cvq) Ges hvbRU mgm¨v AviI cÖKU n‡e| e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbqš¿Y bv K‡i hZB AeKvVv‡gv ˆZwi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb †mwU
hvbRU mgm¨vi ¯’vqx mgvavb bq| Dciš‘ kn‡ii Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav n«vm cvq| m‡e©vcwi cwi‡e‡ki gvivZ¥K ¶wZ nq|

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wb‡¤œ cvwKs wd bv _vKvi Kvi‡Y m„ó wKQz mgm¨v Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:
• XvKvi cÖvq 90% iv¯Ív 20 dz‡Ui Kg PIov| wek` AÂj cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘wZi Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq †h, XvKvi ïaygvÎ
4.35% gvby‡li e¨w³MZ Mvwo _vK‡jI 88% iv¯Ív `Lj K‡i _v‡K e¨w³MZ Mvwo (DAP, 2016-2035)| GKwU
e¨w³MZ Mvwo mvaviYZ cÖvq 8 dzU PIov; 20 dz‡Ui †P‡q Kg cÖk¯Í iv¯Ív¸‡jvi cÖvq cy‡ivUvB e¨w³MZ Mvwo `Lj
K‡i †d‡j| iv¯Ívq cÖPyi Mvwo _vKvq gvbyl †nu‡U ev mvB‡K‡j hvZvqv‡Z wbivc` I ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva K‡i bv| e¨w³MZ
Mvwoi Avwa‡K¨ hvbRU m„wó nIqvq MYcwien‡b PjvPj wewNœZ nq| d‡j hvb PjvP‡ji MwZ nªvm cvq| XvKv ÷ªvKPvi
cø¨vb Abyhvqx 2035 mvj bvMv` Peak Hour G hvbevn‡bi MwZ K‡g `uvov‡e N›Uvq 4 wK.wg. (RAJUK, 2016)|
• cvwK©s wd bv _vKvi d‡j gvby‡li e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Dci wbf©ikxjZv e„w× cvq Ges MYcwienb e¨env‡i wbiærmvwnZ
nq| †h‡nZy cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ †Kvb LiP enb Ki‡Z nqbv, ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨I e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨envi n‡q
_v‡K| Gi †cÖw¶‡Z iv¯Ívq Mvwoi msL¨v †e‡o hvq Ges cvwK©s Gi Kvi‡Y iv¯Ívi cÖk¯ÍZv msKzwPZ n‡q hvbRU e„w×
cvq|
• e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e„wׇZ `xN© hvbRU m„wó nq, d‡j R¡vjvbxi AcPq nq|
• e¨w³MZ Mvwo e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ mo‡K D”P MwZ‡Z hvZvqv‡Zi cÖeYZv ev‡o| GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK AvPi‡Yi Rb¨
`~NU©bvI e„w× cvq| mvB‡Kj/†nu‡U hvZvqvZKvix‡`i m‡½ hvwš¿K hvbevn‡bi gy‡LvgywL msN‡l© A‡bK gvbyl cÖwZwbqZ
AvnZ I wbnZ n‡”Q|
• XvKvi RbmsL¨vi GKwU weivU Ask wb¤œga¨weË ev ZviI wb¤œ m~P‡K Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU eo Ask
ew¯Í‡Z emevm K‡i| GKRb gvby‡li †gvU Av‡qi m‡e©v”P 30% Avevmb Lv‡Z e¨q Kivi gva¨‡g Avevmb m¶gZv
AR©b Kiv m¤¢e (HUD, USA, 2015)| XvKvq Avevm‡bi †¶‡Î wb¤œwe‡Ëi cÖvq 80 kZvsk I ga¨we‡Ëi cÖvq 70
kZvs‡ki Rb¨ evwo µq wKsev fvov †bqvi ¶gZv †bB (DAP, 2016-2035)| GB mgm¨vi Ab¨Zg GKwU KviY
n‡jv, BgviZ wbg©vY wewagvjv Abyhvqx AvevwmK feb¸‡jv‡Z Mvwo cvwK©s eva¨Zvg~jK Kivi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i evwoi `vg
ev fvovi mv‡_ Bundled Cost wn‡m‡e M¨v‡i‡Ri `vg ev fvov w`‡Z nq| G Kvi‡Y fvov/g~j¨ e„w× †c‡q A‡b‡KiB
¶gZvi evB‡i P‡j hvq|
• iv¯Ív ev kwcsg‡j e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ cÖPyi A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡”Q| Gi e¨qfvi cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB enb Ki‡Z
nq| †mwU †hgb kwcs g‡j c‡Y¨i `v‡gi m‡½ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z nq †Zgwb iv¯Ív wbg©v‡bi UvKvI Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU
cÖvß Ki n‡Z †hvMvb †`Iqv nq| e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s I hvZvqv‡Zi Rb¨ ivóª †_‡K fZ©yKx w`‡Z n‡”Q I wewfbœ cÖKí
wb‡Z n‡”Q|
• evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖ¶vc‡U gvÎ 4.35% gvbyl e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨envi K‡i| e¨w³MZ Mvwo‡K cÖvavb¨ †`Iqvi d‡j iv¯Ív,
Dovj moK ev AeKvVv‡gvi Dbœq‡b A‡bK †ewk A_© e¨q nq| AwZwi³ A_© e¨q cÖwZ‡iv‡a A‡bK DbœZ †`‡k
e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡”Q|
• cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ AwaK RvqMv eiv‡Ïi d‡j evwo, Awdm, †`vKvb, wk¶v I ¯^v¯’¨‡mevg~jK cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi `~iZ¡ †e‡o
hvIqvq kn‡ii cwiwa e„w× cvq| GRb¨ Mvwo I R¡vjvbxi e¨envi evo‡Q, cwi‡ek `~lY n‡”Q m‡e©vcwi AwZ`ªæZ
gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡bi e¨q †e‡o P‡j‡Q|
• cvwK©s AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY I iÿYv‡eÿY Ges R¡vjvbxeve` cÖPyi A_© (‰e‡`wkK g~`ªv) e¨q Ki‡Z nq hvi d‡j
A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb evavMÖ¯Í n‡”Q|
• †hmKj eûZj fe‡bi bxPZjvq †Lvjv cvwK©s e¨e¯’v Av‡Q †m¸‡jv Soft Storey wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e hv f‚wgK‡¤úi
mgq AZ¨šÍ SyuwKc~Y© (Ghosh, 2016)|

- 27 -
 wPÎ 20: Los Angeles Gi GKwU fe‡bi bxPZjv, hv cvwK©s wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nZ, GKwU f~wgK‡¤ú aŸ‡m c‡o (m~Ît Los Angeles Time)

XvKvq cvwK©s bxwZgvjv ˆZwii †¶‡Î cÖ¯Ívebv

XvKvi cwienb e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ DovjmoKmn wewfbœ ai‡Yi e¨qeûj cÖKí †bIqv n‡”Q, hv cwienb mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Y
Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv| GmKj e¨qeûj cÖKí¸‡jvi cwie‡Z© ¯^í e¨qeûj Kvh©Kix cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡j
AwaK msL¨K gvbyl DcK…Z n‡e| Ahvwš¿K hvb I c_Pvix‡`i nvuUvi AbyK‚j cwi‡ek bv _vKvi c‡iI eZ©gv‡b XvKv kn‡i
†gvU hvZvqv‡Zi (Trip) cÖvq 35% Ahvwš¿K hvb Øviv Ges 40% nvuUvi gva¨‡g n‡q _v‡K (DAP, 2016-2035)| wifvBRW
÷ª¨v‡UwRK Uªv݇cvU© cø¨vb Abyhvqx, hviv gvwmK 20,000 UvKvi wb‡P Avq K‡ib Zv‡`i ˆ`bw›`b hvZvqv‡Zi 60% Gi †ewk
n‡q _v‡K nvuUvi gva¨‡g (RSTP , 2015-2035)| D‡jøL¨ XvKv kn‡i 87% gvby‡li gvwmK cvwievwiK Avq 20,000 UvKvi
†P‡q Kg (BBS, 2011)|

wPÎ 21: wewfbœ ai‡Yi hvÎvi (Trip) AvbygvwbK wPÎ (m~Î: RSTP , 2015-2035)

- 28 -
 XvKv kn‡i 2014 mv‡j e¨w³MZ Mvwoi e¨envi wQj 9%, 2035 mvj bvMv` Zv †e‡o n‡e 18% (RSTP,
2015-2035) | wKš‘ XvKvi AwaKvsk (87%) gvby‡li 60% hvZvqvZ nq nvuUvi gva¨‡g| wewfbœ cwienb I bMi
cwiKíbvq (Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan, Dhaka Integrated Transport Study, Dhaka
Urban Transport Plan, Strategic Transport Plan, Detailed Area Plan, and the Clean Air and
Sustainable Environment Project) bxwZ wba©viKiv GUv ¯úófv‡eB ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h, XvKv kn‡ii 70%
hvZvqvZB n‡q _v‡K nvuUvi gva¨‡g|
Strategic Transport Plan (STP) Gi cÖ¯Ívebvq ‘Pedestrian First’ bxwZ ev¯Íevq‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q (STP, 2005)|
A‡bK †¶‡ÎB †`Lv hvq, cvwK©s bxwZgvjv ˆZwii †¶‡Î wKQy åvšÍ aviYv _v‡K †h, cvwK©s Gi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx †hvMvb w`‡jB
nq‡Zv cvwK©s mgm¨vi mv‡_ mv‡_ hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vi mKj mgm¨vi mgvavb n‡e (CSE, 2006)| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ cvwK©s bxwZgvjvq
wbqš¿‡Yi welqwU‡K †Rvi w`‡q nvuUv, mvB‡Kj, Ahvwš¿K hvb I MYcwienb‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv cÖ‡qvRb| G‡Z K‡i e¨w³MZ
Mvwoi e¨env‡i bMievmx‡K wbiærmvwnZ Kivi gva¨‡g cvwK©s Gi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb `yBB n«vm Kiv m¤¢e|
cvwK©s bxwZgvjv cÖYq‡bi †¶‡Î wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jvi cÖwZ †Rvi †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb:
 cvwK©s mxwgZKiY: cvwK©s bxwZgvjvq e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s myweav mxwgZKi‡Yi w`‡K †Rvi w`‡Z n‡e| XvKv BgviZ
wbg©vY wewagvjv, 2008 Gi 56 bs aviv ms‡kvab mv‡c‡¶ feb wbg©v‡Yi †¶‡Î cvwK©s Gi RvqMv ivLvi weavb Hw”QK
Kiv Avek¨K| cvwK©s bxwZgvjv ˆZwii †¶‡Î, †h mKj GjvKvq cvwK©s †hvMv‡bi PvB‡Z Kg, †m mKj GjvKvq cvwK©s
Gi Rb¨ ¯’vb wPwýZ K‡i evB‡ii GjvKvi Mvwoi Rb¨ cvwK©s Gi e¨e¯’v cÖ`vb bv Kivi weavb ivL‡Z n‡e| GB ai‡bi
cvwK©s Gi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq moK A_ev kvLv moK e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| KviY Gme RvqMvq cvwK©s w`‡j KwgDwbwUi
cwi‡ek bó n‡e| ¯’vbxq KZ©…c¶ KZ©…K iv¯Ívi Dci me ai‡Yi cvwK©s wbwl× Kiv Avek¨K|
 e¨w³MZ Mvwo wbe܇b wbqš¿Y: e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Dci wbf©ikxjZv Kgv‡Z mswkøó KZ…©c¶ e¨w³MZ Mvwo µ‡qi Rb¨
e¨vsK †jvb mxwgZ Ges bZyb Mvwo wbe܇b wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 hvbRU wd Av`vq: bM‡ii e¨¯ÍZg GjvKvq e¨w³MZ Mvwo PjvP‡ji †¶‡Î hvbRU wd Av`vq Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

XvKvq A‡bK †¶‡ÎB †`Lv hvq, NÈv cÖwZ ev GKKvjxb 20-40 UvKv cvwK©s PvR©| e¨vcviwU wPšÍv Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e
120 eM©dz‡Ui Rb¨ fvov 20-40 UvKv| wKš‘ nKviiv 5-10 eM©dz‡U `vuov‡j Zv‡`i Zy‡j †`qv n‡”Q wKsev Zviv
dzUcv‡_ gvÎ 5-10 eM©dz‡Ui Rb¨ cvwK©s Gi K‡qK ¸Y UvKv A‰bwZKfv‡e cÖ`vb Ki‡Q (m~Î: Field Survey)|

 cvwK©s wd: XvKvi mKj GjvKvq cvwK©s myweav cvevi Rb¨ GjvKvwfwËK Ges wcK-AdwcK mgq I w`b †f‡` wd
Av‡ivc‡K bxwZgvjv ˆZwii †¶‡Î cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv:
• cvwK©s wd Av‡iv‡ci gva¨‡g cvwK©s Gi †hvMvb (Supply) evov‡bv m¤¢e| G‡¶‡Î GjvKv‡f‡` Rwgi ¸iæ‡Z¡i wfwˇZ
Economic Valuation Gi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU cvwK©s Gi cÖwZ N›Uvi wd wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e| AwaK mgq cvwK©s Gi
†¶‡Î cÖ_g N›Uvi cieeZ©x N›Uv¸‡jvi cÖ‡hvR¨ cvwK©s wd AvbycvwZK nv‡i e„w×i wbqg Kiv n‡j e¨w³MZ Mvwoi
gvwjKMY AcÖ‡qvRbxq Mvwo cvwK©s †_‡K weiZ _vK‡eb| cieZ©x‡Z Ab¨ Mvwo †mB RvqMvq cvwK©s Kiv m¤¢e|
• Kvh©w`em I QywUi w`‡b Avjv`v cvwK©s wd wba©viY| Kvh©w`e‡mi cvwK©s wd QywUi w`‡bi †P‡q AwaK wba©viY Kiv|
• ivÎxKvjxb cvwK©s wd Ab¨vb¨ mg‡qi Zzjbvq Kg nv‡i Av‡ivc Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• Ab-÷ªxU cvwK©s wd; Ad-÷ªxU cvwK©s A‡c¶v †ewk wba©viY Kiv|
• kn‡ii e¨¯ÍZg ¯’v‡b Ab-÷ªxU cvwK©s Gi myweav ivLv hv‡e bv| cvwK©s AeKvVv‡gv‡Z cvwK©s Gi †¶‡Î D”P wd I Ki
Av‡iv‡ci weavb ivLv|
• Av`vqK…Z cvwK©s wd Gi A_© nuvUv, mvB‡Kj, wiKkvmn Ahvwš¿K hvb I MYcwien‡bi DbœwZ mva‡b e¨q Kiv|

- 29 -
 cvwK©s mswkøó myweavmg~‡ni Dci Ki Av‡ivc: cvwK©s mswkøó wewfbœ my‡hvM myweav †hgb †h †Kvb cvwK©s AeKvVv‡gvi
Dci evrmwiK Ki Av‡ivc‡K cvwK©s bxwZgvjvq AšÍf©y³ Kiv|

Parking for Cars

No Parks for Children!!!

 A‰ea Ab-÷ªxU cvwK©s: wek` AÂj cwiKíbv 2016-2035 G DwjøwLZ iv¯Ívi †kªYxµg Abyhvqx, AvšÍt AvÂwjK
ms‡hvMKvix iv¯Ív, Af¨šÍixY AvÂwjK ms‡hvMKvix iv¯Ív I msMÖvnK iv¯Ívq Ab-÷ªxU cvwK©s Gi weavb cvwK©s
bxwZgvjvq bv ivLv| A‰ea Ab-÷ªxU cvwK©s Gi weiæ‡× Rwigvbvi weavb ivL‡Z n‡e| wek` AÂj cwiKíbv
2016-2035 †g‡b KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi, cvK©, †Ljvayjvi ¯’vb, †÷wWqvg, wcKwbK ¯úU BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡b QywUi w`‡b iv¯Ívi
GK ev Dfq w`‡K †Kv‡bv cÖKvi cvwK©s Gi ms¯’vb Kiv hv‡e bv| XvKvi †h mKj iv¯Ívi Dc‡i cvwK©s ˆea Kiv n‡q‡Q
†m¸‡jv‡Z cvwK©s Gi cwie‡Z© cvK©‡jU (Parklet) ˆZwi Kiv n‡j KwgDwbwUi Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv m¤¢e|
 KwgDwbwU cvwK©s: XvKv gnvbMi BgviZ wbg©vY wewagvjv, 2008 ms‡kvab K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K fe‡b cvwK©s myweav cÖ`vb Kivi
weavb‡K cwieZ©b K‡i KwgDwbwUmg~n‡K nuvUvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o Zyj‡Z n‡e| KwgDwbwUi cÖ‡Z¨K fe‡b cvwK©s bv
†i‡L GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b mxwgZ msL¨K cvwK©s myweav †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi gva¨‡g cvwK©s G e¨eüZ fe‡bi bxPZjv
f~wgK‡¤úi SyuwK †_‡K i¶v Kiv m¤¢e|
 MYcwien‡bi myweav evov‡bv: e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Dci wbf©ikxjZv Kgv‡Z MYcwienb‡K †X‡j mvRv‡Z n‡e|
D`vniY¯^iƒc, evm myweavi Dbœqb, mgwš^Z hvb e¨e¯’v, Ahvwš¿K hvb PjvP‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †jb I Ab¨vb¨
AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY BZ¨vw`|
 UªvbwRU wfwËK Dbœqb: e¨w³MZ Mvwo I cvwK©s Gi Pvwn`v Kgv‡Z bMix‡Z UªvbwRU wfwËK Dbœqb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
†hLv‡b f~wgi wgkª e¨envi Ges nuvUvi `~i‡Z¡ MYcwienb myweav _vK‡e|
 hvZvqvZ Pvwn`v e¨e¯’vcbv: hvZvqvZ Pvwn`v e¨e¯’vcbv (Travel Demand Management) †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g ågY
Pvwn`vi cvkvcvwk e¨w³MZ Mvwo e¨env‡ii Pvwn`vI Kgv‡bv m¤¢e|
 iv¯Ívi cÖk¯ÍZvi wfwˇZ cwienb e¨e¯’vcbv: XvKvi iv¯Ívmg~n msKxY© e‡j iv¯Ívi cÖk¯ÍZvi Dci wfwË K‡i cwienb
e¨e¯’vcbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRbt
• 8 dz‡Ui Kg cÖk¯Í iv¯Ív¸‡jv ïaygvÎ nuvUvi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMxKiY|
• 8-16 dzU cÖk¯Í iv¯Ív¸‡jv‡K GKgyLx Ahvwš¿K hv‡bi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMxKiY|
• 16 dz‡Ui †ewk cÖk¯Í iv¯Ív¸‡jvi cv‡k dzUcvZ I Ahvwš¿K hvb PjvPj e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi cvkvcvwk wØgyLx hvb
PjvP‡ji Rb¨ Dc‡hvMxKiY|
 Ab¨vb¨:
• GKw`b †e‡Rvo msL¨v Ges Ab¨w`b †Rvo msL¨vi jvB‡mÝ Abyhvqx e¨w³MZ Mvwo PjvP‡ji weavb cvwK©s
bxwZgvjvq AšÍf©y³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
• cvwK©s n‡Z cÖvß A_© w`‡q nuvUv, mvB‡Kj, wiKkv I MYcwien‡bi gv‡bvbœq‡bi weavb ivLv|
• wk¶v cÖwZôvb I Awdm, Av`vj‡Z e¨w³MZ Mvwoi cwie‡Z© MYcwien‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
• e¨w³MZ †gvUihv‡bi jvB‡mÝ mxwgZ Kivi weavb ivLv|
• †Kvb cwiev‡i GKvwaK e¨w³MZ Mvwoi †¶‡Î D”P Ki Av‡ivc Kiv|

- 30 -
Dcmsnvi
e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s Avgv‡`i hvZvqvZ e¨e¯’vq µgea©gvb mgm¨v¸‡jvi GKwU| XvKvi hvbRU bMievmxi Rxe‡b GK
Awfkvc n‡q `uvwo‡q‡Q| hv e`‡j w`‡q‡Q cÖvq 2 †KvwU gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Q›`‡K| 10 jvL Kg©Rxex gvbyl eQi Ry‡o †h A_©
(35,100 †KvwU UvKv) Avq K‡i, Zv †L‡q †d‡j GB hvbRU| mKj cÖKvi hvbevn‡bi g‡a¨ e¨w³MZ Mvwo iv¯Ívi me‡P‡q
eo Ace¨enviKvix| GKwU mo‡K e¨w³MZ Mvwo 1 kZvsk RvqMv wb‡q hvÎx cwienb K‡i 2.20 Rb| Aci w`‡K
evBmvB‡Kj 0.12 kZvsk RvqMv wb‡q hvÎx cwienb K‡i 9.17 Rb| Avi evm 2.00 kZvsk RvqMv wb‡q hvÎx enb K‡i
44.20 Rb| wiKkv 0.40 kZvsk RvqMv wb‡q hvÎx enb K‡i 3.40 Rb|
e¨w³MZ Mvwo cvwK©s‡q cÖvq 8 †KvwU eM©dzU RvqMv e¨eüZ nq| A_P GB wecyj cwigvY RvqMvq Awdm Kg©Pvix‡`i ¯’vb
msKzjvb, wb¤œweˇ`i Avevmb, KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi, †Ljvi gvV I RbmgvMg¯’j ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e| Avgv‡`i RvqMv Ges
m¤ú‡`i cÖvc¨Zv we‡ePbvq e¨w³MZ Mvwoi Rb¨ h‡_”Qfv‡e Gi Ace¨envi m¤¢e bq| Kv‡RB webvg~‡j¨ cvwK©s cÖ`vb e‡Üi
†Kvb weKí †bB| †mB mv‡_ cvwK©s‡qi Rb¨ e¨eûZ GB wecyj cwigvY f‚wg Dbœqbg~jK/RbKj¨vYg~jK Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv
Avek¨K|

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References
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