MEDICAL ACUPUNCTURE

FOR VETERINARIANS
Canine Point Mini-Manual
 2013 Canine Mini Manual
Table of Contents
Lung (LU) 2-3
Large Intestine (LI) 4-5
Stomach (ST) 6-8
Spleen (SP) 10-11
Heart (HT) 12-13
Small Intestine (SI) 14-15
Bladder (BL) 16-21
Kidney (KI) 22-23
Pericardium (PC) 24-25
Triple Heater (TH) 26-27
Gallbladder (GB) 28-33
Liver (LR) 34-36
Conception Vessel (CV) 38-40
Governor Vessel (GV) 42-44
Extra Points 46-58
Canine-Equine Shu Point Comparison 49-50
Canine-Equine Mu Point Comparison 51-52
©2013 IAVMA, Inc. and Narda G. Robinson, DO, DVM, MS. All rights reserved.

1
Lung (LU)

2
Point Name & Location Relevant Anatomy Indications & Point Combinations

LU 1 (Zhong Fu, “Central Treasury”) Cervicothoracic Local pain (LU-1, local points); reduced shoulder
On the chest, medial to the greater spinal nn mobility (LU-1, restricted locations); respiratory
tubercle of the humerus, in the 1st disorders (LU-1, BL-13, BL-12)
intercostal space.
LU 5 (Chi Ze, “Cubit Marsh”) Radial n Local elbow pain; distal bicipital tendon pain
On the lateral aspect of the biceps Musculocutaneous n (palpate to localize tender points); epistaxis
brachii tendon at the level of the cubital (LU-5, LU-9)
crease. Locate with elbow slightly
flexed.
LU 7 (Lie Que, “Divergent Branch”) Superficial radial n Skin disorders (LU-7, LI-4, ST-36, SP-10); neck
In the nook proximal to the radial Nervi vasorum pain (LU-7, SI-3, local neck points); carpal pain
styloid process. (palpate for tender points); dental pain
(LU-7, LI-4)
LU 9 (Tai Yuan, “Great Abyss”) Superficial radial n Arrhythmias (LU-9, PC-6), hemoptysis
Distal to the radial styloid process, level Nervi vasorum (LU-9, LU-5); carpal pain (palpate for tender
with the carpal joint, radial to the radial points)
a (i.e., toward the dew claw side).

3
Large Intestine
Large Intestine (LI)

4
Point Name & Location
LI 4 (He Gu, “Union Valley”)
Midway along the shaft of the 2nd
metacarpal bone on its radial (dew
claw) side. Alternate location – in
the web space between the
dewclaw and digit II.
LI 10 (Shou San Li, “Arm Three Li”)
2 cun distal to LI 11, between the
extensor carpi radialis and common
digital extensor mm.
LI 11 (Qu Chi, “Pool at the Bend”)
At the lateral end of the cubital
crease of the flexed elbow.
LI 15 (Jian Yu, “Shoulder Bone”)
Just cranial and distal to the
acromion process.
LI 20 (Ying Xiang, “Welcome
Fragrance”)
Lateral to midpoint of the ala nasi.
Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
Radial n Pain or skin irritation along the trajectory of the LI channel
Nervi vasorum in (palpate, observe); headache (LI-4, palpate for pain and
carpal arterial source of head pain); sinus discomfort (LI-4, local sinus
arch points) sympathetic regulation (LI-4, ST-36, LR-3, GV-20)
Radial n Lateral elbow pain (palpate for extensor trigger points &
sources of local or referred pain); radial n injury (LI-10,
LI-11, LI-4, caudal cervical spinal n roots)
Radial n Lateral elbow pain (palpate for extensor trigger points &
sources of local or referred pain); radial n injury (LI-10,
LI-11, LI-4, caudal cervical spinal n roots); immune
modulation and anti-inflammation (LI-11, LI-4, GV-14,
ST-36)
Suprascapular n Shoulder joint pain (LI-15, TH-14, trigger points);
Axillary n suprascapular n injury (LI-15, cervicothoracic spinal nn
roots, SI-11, SI-12)
Trigeminal n Rhinitis (LI-20, Yintang), sinusitis, local nasal disorders,
Facial n trigeminal neuritis affecting infraorbital n and branches
and thereby reducing nasal discomfort and stuffiness
5
Stomach (ST)

6
Point Name & Location
ST 2 (Si Bai, “Four Whites”)
At the infraorbital foramen.
ST 4 (Di Cang, “Earth Granary”)
Lateral to the labial commissure.
ST 6 (Jia Che, “Cheek Carriage”)
In the belly of the masseter m.
ST 25 (Tian Shu, “Celestial Pivot”)
Approximately 2 cun lateral to the
center of the umbilicus, in the belly
of the rectus abdominis m.
ST 34 (Liang Qiu, “Ridge Mound”)
2 cun proximal to the patella in the
vastus lateralis m, opposite SP 10.
ST 35 (Du Bi, “Calf’s Nose”)
Lateral to the patellar ligament.
ST 36 (Zu San Li, “Leg 3 Miles”)
2 cun distal to the tibial plateau, 1
cun lateral to the tibia crest in the
belly of the cranial tibialis m.
Relevant Anatomy Indications & Point Combinations
Trigeminal n Maxillofacial pain (ST-2); nasal congestion (ST-2,
Facial n LI-20); trigeminal neuritis (ST-2, other affected
branches of CN V)
Trigeminal n Facial n injury affecting labial or platysma m
Facial n function (ST-4, TH-17); orofacial pain (ST-4, ST-2)
Trigeminal n Masticatory pain (ST-6); trigeminal n dysfunction
Facial n leading to hypo- or hyper-tonic masseter m
L1 spinal n Abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, intestinal cramping
(ST-25, ST-36, BL-20, BL-21)
Femoral n Stifle pain, instability, and/or dysfunction (ST-34,
ST-36, SP-9, SP-10); femoral n injury (ST-34, spinal
segmental input to L4-L6 spinal nn)
Femoral n Stifle pain (ST-35, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10, SP-9); patellar
tendinitis (Xiyan= lateral (ST 35) plus its opposite on
the medial aspect of the patellar tendon)
Fibular n Stifle pain (ST-35, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10, SP-9); GI
problems and motility issues (ST-36), immune or
inflammatory problems (ST-36, LI-4, LI-11, GV-14);
pelvic limb dysfunction (ST-36, relevant
neuromuscular, peripheral nn, and spinal segments)
7
ST 40 (Feng Long, “Bountiful Bulge”)
Midway between the lateral
malleolus and the stifle joint
between the cranial tibialis and long
digital extensor mm.
ST 41 (Jie Xi, “Stream Divide”)
On the dorsal hock, between the
tendons of the long digital extensor
and cranial tibialis mm, level with
the lateral malleolus.
Fibular n Gastrointestinal disorders involving fluid retention
or swelling (ST-40, ST-36, SP-6); lateral crus
myofascial dysfunction or hock instability (ST-40,
palpate for trigger points in the lateral extensors
and peroneal mm/tendons)
Fibular n Tarsal pain and restricted motion (ST-41, ST-36, KI-3,
BL-60)
8
9
Spleen (SP)

10
Point Name & Location Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
SP 4 (Gong Sun, “Grandfather Grandson”) Medial plantar Reproductive dysfunction (SP-4, PC-6, lumbosacral
Just distal to the base of the 2nd n spinal segments); medial pedal pain (SP-4, palpate for
metatarsal bone. tenderness)
SP 6 (San Yin Jiao, “Three Yin Tibial n Pelvic problems, voiding dysfunction, or reproductive
Intersection”) dysfunction (SP-6, KI-3, relevant lumbosacral spinal
3 cun proximal to the medial malleolus segments); pelvic limb edema (SP-6, SP-9; add manual
along the caudal border of the tibia. lymphatic drainage)
SP 9 (Yin Ling Quan, “Yin Mound Spring”) Saphenous n Stifle pain (SP-9, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10); edema of the
Just distal to the medial tibial condyle. hind limb (SP-9, SP-6); genital pain (SP-6, SP-9, BL-23,
BL-31, BL-32, BL33, Bai Hui); pelvic limb edema (SP-9,
SP-6; add manual lymphatic drainage)
SP 10 (Xue Hai, “Sea of Blood”) Femoral n Stifle pain (SP-9, ST-34, ST-36, SP-10); reproductive
On the medial side of the thigh, in the disorders (SP-6, SP-10, BL-23, BL-31, BL-32, BL-33,
vastus medialis m, 2 cun above the Bai Hui); erythematous and/or pruritic skin conditions
craniomedial border of the patella. (SP-10, LI-4, LI-11, ST-36, GV-14)
Opposite ST 34, which is in the vastus
lateralis m.

11
Heart
Heart (HT) (HT)

12
Point Name & Location
HT 3 (Shao Hai, “Lesser Sea”)
At the medial end of the crease of the
flexed elbow, cranial to the medial
humeral epicondyle.
HT 7 (Shen Men, “Spirit Gate”)
On the lateral carpus, lateral to the
flexor carpi ulnaris and superficial digital
flexor tendons.
HT 8 (Shao Fu, “Lesser Palace”)
Enter caudal to the metacarpal pad
between the 4th and 5th metacarpals;
thread under the pad.
HT 9 (Shao Chong, “Lesser Rushing”)
On the radial aspect of the nail bed of
the 5th (most lateral) digit of the manus.
Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatom
y
Ulnar n Emotional stress/anxiety (HT-3, HT-7, ST-36, GV-20); epilepsy
that worsens with stress (HT-3, LR-3, ST-36, GV-20, other
vagal neuromodulatory points); medial elbow pain (HT-3,
relevant trigger points or pain sites); ulnar neuropathy (HT-3,
HT-7, GV-14; palpate for myofascial regions of nerve
entrapment)
Ulnar n Emotional stress/anxiety (HT-7, ST-36, GV-20)
Ulnar n Thoracic limb neurologic dysfunction (HT-8, Baxie, caudal
cervical ventral spinal nerve points); degenerative joint
disease in the manus (HT-8, local tender points)
Ulnar n Fever (HT-9, GV-14, GV-20); coma (HT-9, GV-20)
13
Small Intestine (SI)
Small Intestine (SI)

14
Point Name & Location
SI 3 (Hou Xi, “Back Stream”)
On the ulnar manus, just proximal to the 5th
metacarpophalangeal joint.
SI 8 (Xiao Hai, “Small Sea”)
Over the ulnar nerve groove between the
medial humeral epicondyle and the
olecranon process of the ulna.
SI 9 (Jian Zhen, “True Shoulder”)
In a depression on the caudal border of the
deltoid m, between the long and lateral
heads of the triceps brachii m.
SI 11 (Tian Zong, “Celestial Gathering”)
In the middle of the belly of the infraspinatus
m, in the infraspinous fossa.
SI 12 (Bing Feng, “Grasping the Wind”)
In the middle of the belly of the
supraspinatus m, in the supraspinous fossa.
SI 19 (Ting Gong, “Palace of Hearing”)
On the caudal zygomatic region, in a
depression rostral to the tragus, dorsal to
the condylar process of the mandible
(palpated readily with the mouth open).
Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
Ulnar n Cervicothoracic pain or nerve injury (SI-3, BL-10,
local tender points); local pain (SI-3, palpate for
tender points); ulnar neuropathy (SI-3, SI-8,
myofascial restriction entrapping ulnar n brr)
Ulnar n Medial epicondylitis/elbow pain (SI-8, HT-3, local
points, trigger points); ulnar neuropathy (SI-8, SI-3,
HT-7, caudal spinal nn’s exit points on lateral neck)
Axillary n Shoulder or thoracic limb pain (SI-9, treat source of
Radial n pain (TH-14, LI-15 for joint pain; trigger points for
soft tissue pain, consider spinal n contribution)
Suprascapular Myofascial dysfunction (SI-11, check for trigger
n points in the triceps, digital extensors, etc.)
Suprascapular Myofascial dysfunction (SI-12, other local trigger
n points related to shoulder function)
Trigeminal n Otitis media and externa (SI-19, TH-17, TH-20);
Facial n temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain (SI-19, SI-18,
temporalis trigger points, BL-10)
15
 Bladder (BL)
B(BL)

16
Point Name & Location Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
BL 1 (Jing Ming, “Bright Eyes”) Trigeminal n Epiphora, lacrimal duct dysfunction (BL-1,
Immediately dorsal to the medial canthus. Facial n ST-2). Needle cautiously.
BL 2 (Zan Zhu, “Gathered Bamboo”) Trigeminal n Eye pain and keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Directly above BL 1 along the orbital rim. Facial n (BL-2, TH-23, GB-1); frontal sinusitis (BL-2,
tender facial points)
BL 10 (Tian Zhu, “Celestial Pillar”) Greater occipital Cervical pain, tension (BL-10, local trigger
Just caudal to the wing of the atlas on the n (C2) points, GV-14, tense inner Bladder line
dorsolateral neck region. points along the back, ST-36); headache
(BL-10, GV-20, local trigger and tender
points); vertigo (BL-10, GB-20, TH-20,
GB-34, GV-20, local tender points); nasal
obstruction (BL-10, LI-20, Yintang)
BL 11 (Da Zhu, “Great Shuttle”) Cervicothoracic Tension and pain locally or regionally (BL-11
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous spinal nn and local tender/trigger points)
process of the 1st thoracic vertebra, mid-way
from the spinous process to the medial border of
the scapula.
BL 12 (Feng Men, “Wind Gate”) Cervicothoracic Early upper respiratory illness or lung
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous spinal nn problem (BL-12, BL-13, LU-1, LU-7);
process of the 2nd thoracic vertebra, midway tracheal irritation (BL-12, CV-22)
between the spinous process and the medial
border of the scapula.
BL 13 (Fei Shu, “Lung Shu”) Upper thoracic Lung problems (BL-13, LU-1, GV-14, ST-36);
Same as BL 12 but lateral to T3. spinal nn local pain
17
BL 14 (Jue Yin Shu, “Reverting Yin Shu”) Upper thoracic Heart palpitations (BL-14, BL-15, PC-6,
Same as BL 12 but lateral to T4. spinal nn ST-36); local pain
BL 15 (Xin Shu, “Heart Shu”) Upper thoracic Heart problems (BL-14, BL-15, PC-6, ST-36);
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous spinal nn local pain; anxiety (BL-15, CV-17, HT-7,
process of the 5th thoracic vertebra, between the GV-20, LR-3)
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 17 (Ge Shu, “Diaphragm Shu”) Midthoracic Hiccoughs, spasmodic coughs (BL-17,
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous spinal nn CV-15, CV-22); local pain
process of the 7th thoracic vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 18 (Gan Shu, “Liver Shu”) Midthoracic Liver problems (BL-18, LR-14, ST-36); local
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous spinal nn pain
process of the 10th thoracic vertebra, between
the longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 19 (Dan Shu, “Gall Bladder Shu”) Midthoracic Hepatobiliary problems (BL-19, GB-24,
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous spinal nn GB-34); local pain
process of the 11th thoracic vertebra, between
the longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 20 (Pi Shu, “Spleen Shu”) Caudal thoracic Digestive problems, poor appetite, or
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous spinal nn diarrhea (BL-20, BL-21, BL-25, ST-36, CV-12)
process of the 12th thoracic vertebra, between
the longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 21 (Wei Shu, “Stomach Shu”) Caudal thoracic Digestive problems, poor appetite, or
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous spinal nn diarrhea (BL-20, BL-21, ST-25, ST-36, CV-12)
process of the 13th thoracic vertebra, between
the longissimus and iliocostalis mm.

18
BL 22 (San Jiao Shu, “Triple Burner Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 1st lumbar vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 23 (Shen Shu, “Kidney Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 2nd lumbar vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 25 (Da Chang Shu, “Large Intestine Shu”)
Lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of the 5th umbar vertebra, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 27 (Xiao Chang Shu, “Small Intestine Shu”)
Lateral to the 1st sacral foramen, between the
medial border of the cranial dorsal iliac spine
and the sacrum.
BL 28 (Pang Guang Shu, “Bladder Shu”)
Lateral to the 2nd sacral foramen, between the
medial border of the cranial dorsal iliac spine
and the sacrum.
Thoracolumbar Abdominal distension with fluid
spinal nn accumulation (BL-22, CV-5, KI-16); adrenal
problems (BL-22, BL-23, BL-52)
Thoracolumbar Kidney problems (BL-23, GB-25, KI-3, GV-4);
spinal nn genitourinary disorders (BL-23, Bai Hui,
BL-28, CV-3, KI-3, SP-6, GV-20); lumbar and
pelvic pain (BL-23, BL-25, Bai Hui, SP-6,
local pain or trigger points,
BL-60, KI-3)
Cranial lumbar nn Intestinal pain, distension, poor digestion,
constipation, diarrhea (BL-21, BL-20, BL-25,
ST-25, ST-36)
S1 spinal n Genitourinary problems, including
incontinence, cystitis, prostatitis,
impotence (BL-27, BL-28, BL-23, Bai Hui,
KI-3, SP-6, CV-3); small intestine issues
(BL-27, CV-4, ST-36); sacroiliac dysfunction
S2 spinal n Genitourinary problems, including
incontinence, cystitis, feline urologic
syndrome, prostatitis, impotence (BL-27,
BL-28, BL-23, Bai Hui, KI-3, SP-6, CV-3);
sacroiliac dysfunction
19
BL 35 (Hui Yang, “Meeting of Yang”)
In the skin fold lateral to the base of the tail.
BL 36 (Cheng Fu, “Hold and Support”)
Ventral to the tuber ischii, at the attachments of
the semitendinosus and semimembranosus mm.
BL 39 (Wei Yang, “Outside of the Crook”)
On the lateral end of the popliteal crease, just
medial to the tendon of the biceps femoris m
(Note: Location differs from equine).
BL 40 (Wei Zhong, “Middle of the Crook”)
In the center of the popliteal fossa.
BL 52 (Zhi Shi, “Residence of the Will”)
3 cun lateral to the caudal border of the spinous
process of L2, at the lateral border of the
iliocostalis m, level with BL 23.
Sacral spinal nn Sacral pain, tail dysfunction (BL-35, GV-2,
local points); anorectal disorders (BL-35,
GV-1, BL-57,
Bai Hui), priapism (BL-35,
BL-31, BL-33, Bai Hui)
Sciatic n Sciatic neuralgia or nerve injury (BL-36,
BL-26, BL-27, BL-40, BL-39, KI-3); hamstring
mm tension/myofascial restriction (BL-36,
myofascial tender points)
Common fibular Pelvic limb pain or paresis (BL-39, relevant
n trigger points or points related to the
neurologic or spinal cord injury); urinary
retention or incontinence (BL-39, KI-3, SP-6,
BL-28, BL-23)
Tibial n Pelvic limb pain/paresis (BL-40, relevant
trigger points related to the neurologic or
spinal cord injury); urinary retention (BL-40,
KI-3, SP-6, BL-28, BL-23); stifle pain (BL-40,
ST-36, ST-34, SP-9, SP-10)
Thoracolumbar Kidney problems (BL-23, BL-52, GB-25, KI-3,
spinal nn GV-4); genitourinary disorders (BL-23,
BL-28, BL-31, BL-33, CV-3, KI-3, SP-6);
lumbar or pelvic pain (BL-23, BL-52, Bai Hui,
SP-6, local pain or trigger points, BL-60,
KI-3)
20
BL 54 (Zhi Bian, “Sequential Limit”) Sciatic n Hip or gluteal pain (BL-54, GB-29, GB-30);
Just dorsal to the greater trochanter. sciatic n dysfunction (BL-54, GB-30, BL-36,
BL-40, BL-39, BL-60, KI-3)
BL 60 (Kun Lun, “Kunlun Mountains”) Fibular n Spinal or pelvic limb pain (BL-60,
Between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneal Tibial n local/myofascial trigger points related to
tendon. the pain problem)
BL 62 (Shen Mai, “Extending Vessel”) Fibular n Tarsal pain (BL-62, local points and
Just caudodistal to the lateral malleolus. Tibial n myofascial trigger points related to the pain
problem)
BL 67 (Zhi Yin, “Reaching Yin”) Fibular n Malposition of the fetus (BL-67); placental
Lateral to the nail bed of the most lateral (5th) Tibial n retention (BL-67, BL-31, BL-33, Bai Hui);
digit of the pes. distal stimulation of digital nn for pelvic
limb neuropraxia

21
Kidney (KI)

22
Point Name & Location
KI 1 (Yong Quan, “Gushing Spring”)
Between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal
bones, under the metatarsal pad.
KI 3 (Tai Xi, “Supreme Stream”)
In the depression between the
medial malleolus and the calcaneal
tendon.
KI 6 (Zhao Hai, “Shining Sea”)
Just craniodistal to the medial
malleolus.
KI 7 (Fu Liu, “Returning Current")
2 cun proximal to the tip of the
medial malleolus just cranial to the
calcaneal tendon.
Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
Tibial n Shock (KI-1, HT-9, GV-26); coma (KI-1, GV-20, Yintang); pain
or swelling of the pes (KI-1, Bafeng); neuropraxia of the
pelvic limb (KI-1, ST-36, Bafeng, related peripheral nerves,
spinal segments); status epilepticus
Tibial n Urinary problems (KI-3, SP-6, BL-23, BL-28, CV-3, Bai Hui);
reproductive problems (KI-3, SP-6, SP-10, Bai Hui, BL-27,
BL-28, GV-20); voiding dysfunction in general
Tibial n Tarsal pain (KI-6, BL-62, relevant painful points)
Tibial n Calcaneal tendinitis/pain (KI-7, relevant local points)
23
Pericardium (PC)

24
Point Name & Location
PC 3 (Qu Ze, “Marsh at the Crook”)
In the cubital crease, on the medial side of
the biceps brachii tendon.
PC 6 (Nei Guan, “Inner Pass”)
2 cun proximal to the carpal joint, between
the tendons of the flexor digitorum
superficialis and flexor carpi radialis.
PC 8 (Lao Gong, “Palace of Toil”)
Between the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones,
under the pad.
Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
Median n Bicipital tendon pain (PC-3, LU-5); median n injury
(PC-3, PC-6)
Median n Nausea and vomiting (PC-6); cardiac arrhythmias (PC-6,
HT-7); disorders of the cranial GI tract (PC-6, ST-36);
agitation (PC-6, HT-7, LR-3, GV-20)
Median n Thoracic limb neurologic dysfunction (PC-8, Baxie,
relevant neural pathways); thermoregulation disorders
of the manus; palmar pain
25
Triple Heater (TH)

26
Point Name & Location Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
TH 3 (Zhong Zhu, “Central Islet”) Radial n Local pain in the manus, digits
On the dorsal manus, proximal to the 4th and 5th Ulnar n
metacarpophalangeal joints.
TH 5 (Wai Guan, “Outer Pass”) Radial n Local pain, distal antebrachium; myofascial
2 cun proximal to the carpus between the restriction of the extensors of the antebrachium
radius and ulna.
TH 10 (Tian Jing, “Celestial Well”) Ulnar n Elbow pain related to triceps restriction, triceps
1 cun proximal to the olecranon at the tendinopathy at the olecranon process, or
tendinomuscular intersection of the long head enthesiopathy (TH-10, local points)
of the triceps brachii m.
TH 14 (Jian Liao, “Shoulder Crevice”) Suprascapular Shoulder pain (TH-14, LI-15, local tension or pain
Caudodistal to the acromion. n points); suprascapular n injury (TH-14, LI-15,
SI-11, SI-12, caudal cervical ventral nerve root
points)
TH 17 (Yi Feng, “Wind Screen”) Facial n Facial n injury (TH-17; add points along involved
Ventral to the ear, between the wing of the facial n brr)
atlas and the mandibular process.
TH 21 (Er Men, “Ear Gate”) Trigeminal n TMJ dysfunction (TH-21, SI-19, SI-18); facial n
Rostroventral to the pretragic notch, dorsal to Facial n injury involving auriculopalpebral br of CN VII
the condylar process when the mouth is open. (TH-21, GB-2, TH-17)
TH 23 (Si Zhu Kong, “Silken Bamboo Hollow”) CN V, CN VII Eye pain, dry eye (TH-23, GB-1, BL-2, BL-10,
Lateral to the zygomatic process of the frontal ST-36)
bone.

27
Gallbladder
(GB)

28
29
30
Point Name & Location
GB 1 (Tong Zi Liao, “Pupil Crevice”)
Near the lateral canthus, dorsal to the frontal
process of the zygomatic bone.
GB 2 (Ting Hui, “Auditory Convergence”)
Ventral to the intertragic incisure, at the
caudal border of the condylar process of the
mandible, located with mouth open.
GB 14 (Yang Bai, “Whiteness of Yang”)
1 cun above the orbital rim in line with the
pupil.
GB 20 (Feng Chi, “Wind Pool”)
Craniolateral to BL-10, between the
attachments of the sterno-occipitalis portion
of the sternocephalicus and the cleidocervical
portion of the brachiocephalicus m; caudal to
the base of the ear.
GB 21 (Jian Jing, “Shoulder Well”)
Midpoint of the cranial border of the scapula.
Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
Trigeminal n Eye pain, dry eye (TH-23, GB-1, BL-2, BL-10,
Facial n ST-36); facial n injury (TH-17, GB-1, relevant facial
n branches/associated points)
Trigeminal n Ear problems, including otitis media (GB-2, TH-17,
Facial n TH-21, BL-10, GV-14); facial numbness and
C2 spinal n paralysis (GB-2, relevant facial n
branches/associated points); TMJ dysfunction
(TH-21, SI-19, GB-2, SI-18)
Trigeminal n Frontal sinusitis and headaches (GB-14, BL-2,
Facial n BL-10, GV-20); eye pain (GB-14, local eye points);
epilepsy (GB-14, GV-20, ST-36, BL-10, other
pertinent points for patient stress or
cervicocephalic myofascial dysfunction)
Facial n Early upper respiratory infection (GB-20, GV-14,
C2 spinal n LI-4, LU-7); head and neck pain (GB-20, BL-10,
tender and local points), eye problems (GB-20,
GV-20, local eye points), vertigo (GB-20, BL-10,
GV-20, GB-34, TH-17, Yintang)
Caudal Local or regional muscle tension (GB-21, local
cervical spinal tender or trigger points); thoracic limb
nn dysfunction (involvement of local mm identified
by palpation)
31
GB 24 (Ri Yue, “Sun and Moon”)
In a depression ventral to the costochondral
junction at the 9th intercostal space,
caudodorsal to LR-14.
GB 25 (Jing Men, “Capital Gate”)
On the lateral side of the abdomen, at the tip
of the 13th rib.
GB 29 (Ju Liao, “Squatting Bone-Hole”)
One-third the distance from the greater
trochanter to the cranial dorsal iliac spine.
GB 30 (Huan Tiao, “Jumping Round”)
Midway between the greater trochanter and
the tuber ischii.
GB 31 (Feng Shi, “Wind Market”)
On the midline of the lateral aspect of the
thigh, 7 cun above the popliteal crease.
GB 33 (Xi Yang Guan, “Knee Yang Joint”)
On the lateral stifle, proximal to the joint line,
in a depression caudal to the femur in the
biceps femoris m.
Midthoracic Hepatobiliary problems (GB-24, LR-14, ST-36,
spinal nn LR-3); intercostal neuralgia (GB-24, tender local
points); regional pain (GB-24, local tender or
trigger points)
Caudal Kidney problems (GB-25, BL-23, BL-52, GV-4);
thoracic regional pain (GB-25, local points)
spinal nn
Cranial Hip problems (GB-29, GB-30, BL-54, local tender
gluteal n or trigger points)
Sciatic n Hip problems (GB-29, GB-30, BL-54, local tender
or trigger points); sciatic n dysfunction (GB-30,
BL-54, BL-36, BL-37, BL-39, BL-40, Bafeng); sciatic
pain
(GB-30, BL-26 BL-27, Bai Hui, BL-37, ST-36, BL-60)
Femoral n Hip or pelvic limb pain or neurologic dysfunction
Sciatic n (use as local point in addition to GB-29, GB-30,
BL-54, local tender or trigger points)
Fibular n Pain, arthritis, and/or edema of the stifle (GB-33,
local stifle points, palpate for tender points)
32
GB 34 (Yang Ling Quan, “Yang Mound Spring”) Fibular n
In the depression cranial and distal to the
fibular head.
GB 39 (Jue Gu, “Severed Bone”) Fibular n
3 cun proximal to the lateral malleolus in the
depression between the caudal border of the
fibula and the tendons of the peroneus
(fibularis) longus and brevis mm.
GB 41 (Zu Lin Qi, “Foot Governor of Tears”) Fibular n
In the depression distal to the junction of the
4th and 5th metatarsals, lateral to the extensor
digitorum longus tendon.
Stifle pain (GB-34, GB-33, ST-36, SP-9, SP-10);
musculotendinous pain or tension (GB-34 plus
local tender points); hepatobiliary disorders
(GB-34, GB-24, LR-14, BL-19, BL-18); lateral pelvic
limb or hip discomfort (GB-34, regional points)
Pelvic limb pain, movement problems and/or
stiffness (GB-39, local points, regional points,
tender points); bone marrow disorders (GB-39,
ST-36, BL-17)
Local foot pain (GB-41 plus local or tender
points); eye problems (GB-41 plus local eye
points)
33
Liver (LR)

34
Point Name & Location
LR 2 (Xing Jian, “Moving
Between”)
Between the 2nd and 3rd digit
of the pelvic limb, distal to
the metatarsophalangeal
joint.
LR 3 (Tai Chong, “Great
Rushing”)
Midway along the groove
between the 2nd and 3rd
metatarsal bones.
LR 8 (Qu Quan, “Spring at the
Crook”)
On the medial side of the
stifle joint, caudodistal to
medial condyle of the femur,
at the level of the joint line.
Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
Deep fibular n Pelvic limb paresis (LR-2 as part of the Bafeng points, ST-36,
relevant spinal segments); agitation (LR-2, HT-7, GV-20)
Deep fibular n Seizures (LR-3, ST-36, HT-3, GV-20, Sishencong, BL-10); anxiety
(LR-3, HT-3, GV-20); foot pain (LR-3, local pain problems);
hepatobiliary disorders (LR-3, ST-36, LR-14, GB-24, BL-18, BL-19);
headaches (LR-3, LI-4, GV-20, local painful points on the head);
genital pain or inflammation (LR-3, SP-6, BL-25, BL-27, Bai Hui);
endocrine and metabolic disorders (LR-3, LI-4, ST-36, appropriate
visceral spinal segmental points)
Saphenous n Reproductive disorders (genital pain or inflammation (LR-8, SP-6,
Tibial n (to BL-25, BL-27, Bai Hui); respiratory allergies (LR-8, LI-4, LU-7, LI-11),
joint capsule) urticaria (LR-8, SP-10, LI-4, ST-36); stifle problems and pain (GB-34,
GB-33, ST-36, SP-9, SP-10, LR-8)
35
LR 13 (Zhang Men, “Screen Caudal Digestive problems, vomiting, abdominal swelling, diarrhea (LR-13,
Gate”) thoracic ST-36, SP-6, CV-12)
On the lateral side of the spinal nn
abdomen, just ventral and
cranial to the tip of the 12th
rib.
LR 14 (Qi Men, “Cycle Gate”) Midthoracic Digestive problems, vomiting, abdominal swelling, diarrhea (LR-14,
On the mammary line, at the spinal nn ST-36, SP-6, CV-12); hiccups (LR-14, CV-15, CV-22, BL-17 (consider
level of the 8th intercostal firm acupressure at these sites)
space.

36
37
Conception Vessel (CV)

38
Point Name & Location Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
CV 1 (Hui Yin, “Meeting of Yin”) Sacral spinal nn Emergency resuscitation of a drowned
On the perineal region, in the depression between patient (CV-1, GV-26); genitourinary
the anus and the caudal border of the scrotum in problems (CV-1, CV-3, BL-23, BL-28,
males, or caudal labial commissure in females. KI-3, SP-6)
CV 3 (Zhong Ji, “Central Pole”) Cranial lumbar Genitourinary, especially bladder,
4 cun caudal to the umbilicus = 1 cun cranial to the spinal nn problems (CV-1, CV-3, BL-23, BL-28,
symphysis pubis, on the midline. KI-3, SP-6)
CV 4 (Guan Yuan, “Gate of Origin”) Cranial lumbar Uterine problems (CV-4, BL-31 to BL-33,
3 cun caudal to the umbilicus = 2 cun cranial to the spinal nn SP-6, LR-8)
symphysis pubis, on the midline.
CV 5 (Shi Men, “Stone Gate”) Cranial lumbar Caudal abdominal pain (CV-5, ST-36),
2 cun caudal to the umbilicus = 3 cun cranial to the spinal nn ascites (CV-5, BL-22, ST-25, SP-9)
symphysis pubis, on the midline.
CV 6 (Qi Hai, “Sea of Qi”) Cranial lumbar Periumbilical abdominal pain (CV-6,
1.5 cun caudal to the umbilicus = 3.5 cun cranial to spinal nn ST-25, ST-36), ascites (CV-6, BL-22,
the symphysis pubis, on the midline. ST-25, SP-9)
CV 8 (Shen Que, “Spirit Gateway”) L1 spinal n Avoid needling here; warm with moxa
In the center of the umbilicus. or laser; diarrhea (CV-8, ST-25, ST-36)

CV 12 (Zhong Guan, “Middle Cavity”) Midthoracic Abdominal problems, including

Halfway between the umbilicus and the xiphisternal spinal nn processes of food absorption and
synchondrosis, on the midline. assimilation
(CV-12, BL-21, ST-36, SP-6)

39
CV 14 (Ju Que, “Great Tower Gate”)
Halfway between CV 12 and the xiphisternal
synchondrosis, on the midline.
CV 17 (Shan Zhong, “Chest Center”)
On the ventral midline, at the level of the fourth
intercostal space.
CV 22 (Tian Tu, “Celestial Chimney”)
At the cranial tip of the manubrium.
Midthoracic Anxiety (CV-14, HT-7, LR-3, GV-20),
spinal nn palpitations, emesis, or emotional
problems upsetting the stomach
(CV-14, PC-6, LR-3)
Cranial thoracic Anxiety, stress, or cardiac problems
spinal nn (CV-17, BL-14, BL-15, GV-20, HT-7);
coughing, chest discomfort (CV-17,
LU-1, BL-13, LU-7; consider LI-4, LU-5)
Cervicothoracic Thyroid, throat, and tongue issues
spinal nn (CV-22, CV-23, ST-9, LI-4); cough,
asthma, other respiratory problems
(CV-22, LU-7, BL-23, BL-13, LU-1);
hiccups (CV-22, BL-17)
40
41
Governor Vessel (GV)

42
Point Name & Location
GV 1 (Chang Qiang, “Long
Strong”
In the depression between
the anus and base of the tail.
GV 2 (Yao Shu, “Lumbar
Shu”)
Sacrocaudal junction.
GV 3 (Yao Yang Guan,
“Lumbar Yang Gate”)
Along the dorsal midline in
the depression caudal to the
spinous process of L4.
GV 4 (Ming Men, “Life Gate”)
Along the dorsal midline in
the depression caudal to the
spinous process of L2.
GV 14 (Daz Hui, “Great
Vertebra”
On the midline, between the
dorsal spinous processes of
the last cervical and first
thoracic vertebrae.
Relevant Indications & Point Combinations
Anatomy
Sacral nn Diarrhea (GV-1), fecal incontinence (GV-1, BL-39, GVT), rectal
prolapse (GV-1, Bai Hui), ejaculatory problems (GV-1, Bai Hui,
BL-27, BL-28)
Sacral nn Anal dysfunction (GV-2 +/- GV-1, BL-35, sacral nn points)
Midlumbar Lumbar pain (GV-3, BL-23, BL-25)
spinal nn
Thoracolumbar Lumbar pain (GV-4, BL-23, local lumbar tender and trigger points,
spinal nn BL-40, BL-60), pelvic analgesia (GV-4, BL-23, BL-25, SP-6),
genitourinary dysfunction (GV-4, BL-27, BL-28, SP-6)
Cervicothoracic Neck and back pain (GV-14, spinal segmental and tender or
spinal nn trigger points), thoracic limb pain and weakness (GV-14,
pertinent points according to neurologic injury or pain),
respiratory problems (GV-14, BL-13, LU-1, LU-7, ST-36), epilepsy
(GV-14, GV-20, ST-36, LR-3, HT-3), fever (GV-14, LI-4, LI-11,
GV-20), immunologic dysfunction (GV-14, LI-4, ST-36, SP-10)
43
GV 20 (Bai Hui, “100
Convergences”)
On the dorsal midline of the
skull, in a notch at the rostral
end of the external sagittal
crest (a.k.a., “parietal crest”).
GV 26 (Shui Gou, “Water
Trough”)
In the intersection of the “T”
formed below the nose, in the
philtrum.
Trigeminal n Agitation (GV-20, HT-7, LR-2), epilepsy (GV-20, ST-36, HT-7, PC-6,
Cranial cervical local head and neck points), headaches (GV-20, local points),
spinal nn dizziness (GV-20, BL-10 or GB-20, GB-34, LR-3), cerebrovascular
accident (GV-20, pertinent points related to neurologic
dysfunction and brain area(s) affected)
Trigeminal n Cardiopulmonary collapse (vigorous stimulation of GV-26), status
Facial n epilepticus (GV-26)
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45
Extra Points

46
Point Name & Location
Bai Hui (“100 Convergences”)
A depression on the dorsal midline in the
lumbosacral space.
Yintang (“Hall of Impression”)
On the dorsal midline of the head, between
the eyebrow equivalents.
Cervical spinal nerve points
(not shown)
In the groove at the lateral aspect of the
neck along the course of the
omotransversarius m.
Xiyan (“Eyes of the Knee”)
A pair of points in the depressions medial
and lateral to the patellar ligament; the
lateral point = ST-35.
Baxie (“Eight Evils”)
Points located on the dorsum of the front
paw, distal to the metacarpophalangeal
Relevant Anatomy Indications & Point Combinations
Mid- to caudal lumbar Lumbosacral pain (Bai Hui, local tender or
spinal nn trigger points, BL-40, BL-60), pelvic limb
pain or neurologic dysfunction (Bai Hui,
relevant points for pain or neurologic
dysfunction), pelvic organ or reproductive
problems (Bai Hui, BL-27, BL-28, SP-6,
KI-3)
Trigeminal n Frontal sinusitis (Yintang, BL-2, GB-14,
Facial n GV-20, BL-10), frontal headache (Yintang,
trigger points, BL-10, LI-4), epilepsy
(Yintang, GV-20, LR-3, ST-36, GV-14)
Cervical spinal nn Cervical intervertebral disk disease, neck
pain (add relevant trigger points)
Saphenous n Stifle joint pain (Xiyan, ST-36, ST-34, SP-9,
SP-10); patellar tendinitis (Xiyan)
Digital nn Thoracic limb neuropraxia (Baxie, relevant
neurologic pathways and spinal
segments), manus discomfort (Baxie,
47
joints, proximal to the web margins.
Bafeng (“Eight Winds”)
Points located on the dorsum of the hind
paw, distal to the metatarsophalangeal
joints, proximal to the web margins.
GVT or Weijian (“Tip of Tail”)
At the tip of the tail.
tender points)
Digital nn Pelvic limb neuropraxia (Bafeng, relevant
neurologic pathways and spinal
segments), pedal discomfort (Bafeng,
tender points)
Caudal spinal nn Fecal incontinence (GVT or points at
lateral aspect of tail where spinal nn exit);
tail neuropraxia. Often, a more
productive point is found on the lateral
aspects of the tail at the junction of the
most proximal and middle thirds.
48
 Canine Shu Points Equine Shu Points Associated Organ

BL 13 Lateral to the caudal border of the BL 13 3 cun lateral to the dorsal midline, at Lung
spinous process of the T3 vertebra, midway the caudal edge of the scapular cartilage in
between the spinous process and the the 8th intercostal space, between the
medial border of the scapula. longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 14 Same as BL 13, but lateral to T4. BL 14 3 cun lateral to the dorsal midline, in Pericardium
the 9th intercostal space, between the
longissimus and iliocostalis mm.
BL 15 Lateral to the caudal border of the BL 15 In line with BL 14, lateral to T10. Heart
spinous process of the 5th thoracic vertebra,
between the longissimus and iliocostalis
mm, lateral to T5.
BL 18 In line with BL 15, lateral to T10. BL 18 In line with BL 14, lateral to T13 and Liver
T14.
BL 19 In line with BL 15, lateral to T11. BL 19 In line with BL 14, lateral to T15. Gallbladder
BL 20 In line with BL 15, lateral to T12. BL 20 In line with BL 14, lateral to T17. Spleen
BL 21 In line with BL 15, but lateral to BL 21 In line with BL 14, lateral to T18. Stomach
T13.
BL 22 In line with BL 15, lateral to L1. BL 22 In line with BL 14, between L1 and Triple Heater
L2.
BL 23 In line with BL 15, lateral to L2. BL 23 In line with BL 14, between L2 and Kidney
L3.

49
BL 25 In line with BL 15, lateral to L5.
BL 27 Lateral to the S1 foramen, between
the medial border of the dorsal sacral iliac
spine and the sacrum.
BL 28 Lateral to the S2 foramen, between
the medial border of the dorsal iliac spine
and the sacrum.
BL 25 In line with BL 14, between L5 and Large Intestine
L6, or between L4 and L5 if the horse lacks an
L6.
BL 27 3 cun lateral to the dorsal midline, Small Intestine
between the spinous processes of S1 and S2.
BL 28 3 cun lateral to the dorsal midline, Urinary Bladder
between the spinous processes of S2 and S3.
50
 Canine Mu Points Equine Mu Points Associated Organ
LU 1 On the chest, medial to the greater LU 1 In the center of the descending Lung
tubercle of the humerus, in the 1st pectoral m, medial to the humerus, directly
intercostal space. medial to the cephalic vein, in the 1st
intercostal space.

CV 17 On the ventral midline, at the level
of the 4th intercostal space.
CV 14 Midway between CV-12 and the
xiphisternal synchondrosis, on the midline.
LR 14 On the mammary line, at the level
of the 8th intercostal space.
GB 24 In a depression ventral to the
costochondral junction at the 9th intercostal
space, caudodorsal to LR 14.
LR 13 On the lateral abdomen, just
cranioventral to the tip of the 12th rib.
CV 12 Midway between the umbilicus and
the xiphisternal synchondrosis, on the
midline.
CV 5 2 cun caudal to the umbilicus, 3 cun
cranial to the symphysis pubis, on the
midline.
CV 17 On the ventral midline, in a large Pericardium
depression, at the level of the caudal border
of the olecranon.
CV 14 On the ventral midline at about the Heart
level of the xiphoid.
LR 14 In the 13th intercostal space at the Liver
level of the elbow, between the external
abdominal oblique m and the internal and
external intercostal mm.
GB 24 In the 14th intercostal space, just Gallbladder
caudodorsal to LR 14.
LR 13 At the distal end of the 17th rib. Spleen
CV 12 On the ventral midline, midway Stomach
between the xiphoid process and the
umbilicus.
CV 5 On the ventral midline, halfway Triple Heater
between the pubic symphysis and the
umbilicus.

51
GB 25 On the lateral abdomen, at the tip
of the 13th rib.
ST 25 Approximately 2 cun lateral to the
center of the umbilicus, in the rectus
abdominis m, midway between its lateral
border (linea semilunaris) and the linea
alba.
CV 4 3 cun caudal to the umbilicus, 2 cun
cranial to the symphysis pubis, on the
midline.
CV 3 4 cun caudal to the umbilicus, 1 cun
cranial to the symphysis pubis, on the
midline.
GB 25 Midway on a vertical line drawn from Kidney
the caudal border of the costochondral
junction of the 18th rib to the ventral border
of the iliocostalis m.
ST 25 1.5 cun lateral to the umbilicus. Large Intestine
CV 4 3 cun caudal to the umbilicus, 2 cun Small Intestine
cranial to the symphysis pubis, on the
midline.
CV 3 4 cun caudal to the umbilicus on the Urinary Bladder
ventral midline.
52
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