Microsoft (MSFT)

hist(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$MSFT_lr,breaks=64,freq=FALSE,main="Microsoft
",xlab='daily log returns')

> kde_MSFT=kdensity(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$MSFT_lr,start="normal")

> lines(kde_MSFT,col="blue")

> lines(kde_MSFT,plot_start=TRUE,col="red")
Microsoft (Daily log return Time plot)

Caterpillar (CAT)

hist(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$CAT_lr,breaks=64,freq=FALSE,main="Caterpilla
r",xlab='daily log returns')

> kde_CAT=kdensity(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$CAT_lr,start="normal")

> lines(kde_CAT,col="blue")

> lines(kde_CAT,plot_start=TRUE,col="red")

Caterpillar (Daily log return Time plot)

Visa (V)

hist(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$V_lr,breaks=64,freq=FALSE,main="VISA",xlab='
daily log returns')

> kde_V=kdensity(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$V_lr,start="normal")

> lines(kde_V,col="blue")

> lines(kde_V,plot_start=TRUE,col="red")

Visa (Daily log return Time plot)

Boeing (BA)

hist(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$BA_lr,breaks=64,freq=FALSE,main="Boeing",xla
b='daily log returns')
> kde_BA=kdensity(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$BA_lr,start="normal")

> lines(kde_BA,col="blue")

> lines(kde_BA,plot_start=TRUE,col="red")

Boeing (Daily log return Time plot)

United Health (UNH)

hist(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$UNH_lr,breaks=64,freq=FALSE,main="United
Health",xlab='daily log returns')

> kde_UNH=kdensity(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$UNH_lr,start="normal")

> lines(kde_UNH,col="blue")

> lines(kde_UNH,plot_start=TRUE,col="red")

United Health (Daily log return Time plot)

Microsoft (MSFT)

msft_std=(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$MSFT_lr-mean1)/sd1
> qqnorm(msft_std,main="Normal Q-Q Plot",plot.it=TRUE,datax=TRUE)
> qqline(msft_std,datax=FALSE,distribution=qnorm,probs=c(0.25,0.75),qtype=7)
Microsoft (Normal Q-Q plot)

Caterpillar (CAT)

cat_std=(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$CAT_lr-mean1)/sd1
> qqnorm(cat_std,main="Normal Q-Q Plot",plot.it=TRUE,datax=TRUE)
> qqline(cat_std,datax=FALSE,distribution=qnorm,probs=c(0.25,0.75),qtype=7)
Caterpillar (Normal Q-Q plot)

Visa (V)
v_std=(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$V_lr-mean1)/sd1
> qqnorm(v_std,main="Normal Q-Q Plot",plot.it=TRUE,datax=TRUE)
> qqline(v_std,datax=FALSE,distribution=qnorm,probs=c(0.25,0.75),qtype=7)
VISA (Normal Q-Q plot)

Boeing (BA)

ba_std=(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$BA_lr-mean1)/sd1
> qqnorm(ba_std,main="Normal Q-Q Plot",plot.it=TRUE,datax=TRUE)
> qqline(ba_std,datax=FALSE,distribution=qnorm,probs=c(0.25,0.75),qtype=7)
Boeing (Normal Q-Q plot)

United Health (UNH)

unh_std=(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$UNH_lr-mean1)/sd1
> qqnorm(unh_std,main="Normal Q-Q Plot",plot.it=TRUE,datax=TRUE)
> qqline(unh_std,datax=FALSE,distribution=qnorm,probs=c(0.25,0.75),qtype=7)
United Health (Normal Q-Q plot)

3.

Scatterplot

Microsoft (MSFT) & Caterpillar (CAT)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$MSFT_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$CAT_lr,x
lab="Microsoft",ylab="Caterpillar")
Microsoft n Caterpillar (Scatterplot)

Microsoft (MSFT) & Visa (V)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$MSFT_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$V_lr,xla
b="Microsoft",ylab="Visa")
Microsoft n Visa (Scatterplot)

Microsoft (MSFT) & Boeing (BA)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$MSFT_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$BA_lr,xl
ab="Microsoft",ylab="Boeing")
Microsoft n Boeing (Scatterplot)

Microsoft (MSFT) & United Health (UNH)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$MSFT_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$UNH_lr,x
lab="Microsoft",ylab="United Health")
Microsoft n United Health (Scatterplot)
Caterpillar (CAT) & Visa (V)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$CAT_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$V_lr,xlab
="Caterpillar",ylab="Visa")
Caterpillar n Visa (Scatterplot)

Caterpillar (CAT) & Boeing(BA)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$CAT_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$BA_lr,xla
b="Caterpillar",ylab="Boeing")
Caterpillar n Boeing (Scatterplot)

Caterpillar (CAT) & United Health (UNH)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$CAT_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$UNH_lr,xl
ab="Caterpillar",ylab="United Health")
Caterpillar n United Health (Scatterplot)

Visa (V) & Boeing(BA)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$V_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$BA_lr,xlab=
"Visa",ylab="Boeing")
VISA n Boeing (Scatterplot)

Visa (V) & United Health (UNH)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$V_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$UNH_
lr,xlab="Visa",ylab="United Health")

VISA n United Helath (Scatterplot)

Boeing (BA) & United Health (UNH)

plot(Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$BA_lr,Closing_Price_n_Log_Returns$UNH
_lr,xlab="Boeing",ylab="United Health")

Boeing n United Helath (Scatterplot)

Covariance and Correlation

Microsoft (MSFT) & Caterpillar (CAT)

cov_Mc=cov(msft_std,cat_std)
cov_Mc

Covariance of Microsoft and Caterpillar = 0.4629388

cor_MC=cor(msft_std,cat_std)
cor_MC

Covariance of Microsoft and Caterpillar = 0.5290358

Microsoft (MSFT) & Visa (V)

cov_MV=cov(msft_std,v_std)
cov_MV

Covariance of Microsoft and Visa = 0.3560748

cor_MV=cor(msft_std,v_std)
cor_MV

Covariance of Microsoft and Visa = 0.4655811

Microsoft (MSFT) & Boeing (BA)

cov_MB=cov(msft_std,ba_std)
cov_MB

Covariance of Microsoft and Boeing = 0.3854663

cor_MB=cor(msft_std,ba_std)
cor_MB

Covariance of Microsoft and Boeing = 0.5070829

Microsoft (MSFT) & United Health (UNH)

cov_MU=cov(msft_std,unh_std)
cov_MU

Covariance of Microsoft and United Health = 0.3631932

cor_MU=cor(msft_std,unh_std)
cor_MU

Covariance of Microsoft and United Health = 0.4231004

Caterpillar (CAT) & Visa (V)

cov_CV=cov(cat_std,v_std)
cov_CV

Covariance of Caterpillar and Visa = 0.4524425

cor_CV=cor(cat_std,v_std)
cor_CV

Covariance of Caterpillar and Visa = 0.4904749

Caterpillar (CAT) & Boeing(BA)

cov_CB=cov(cat_std,ba_std)
cov_CB

Covariance of Caterpillar and Boeing = 0.5492757

cor_CB=cor(cat_std,ba_std)
cor_CB

Covariance of Caterpillar and Boeing = 0.5990767

Caterpillar (CAT) & United Health (UNH)

cov_CU=cov(cat_std,unh_std)
cov_CU

Covariance of Caterpillar and United Health = 0.4137382

cor_CU=cor(cat_std,unh_std)
cor_CU

Covariance of Caterpillar and United Health = 0.3996049

Visa (V) & Boeing(BA)

cov_VB=cov(v_std,ba_std)
cov_VB

Covariance of Visa and Boeing = 0.3681273

cor_VB=cor(v_std,ba_std)
cor_VB

Covariance of Visa and Boeing = 0.4593911

Visa (V) & United Health (UNH)

cov_VU=cov(v_std,unh_std)
cov_VU

Covariance of Visa and United Health = 0.3373466

cor_VU=cor(v_std,unh_std)
cor_VU

Covariance of Visa and United Health = 0.3727984

Boeing (BA) & United Health (UNH)

cov_BU=cov(ba_std,unh_std)
cov_BU

Covariance of Boeing and United Health = 0.4083886

cor_BU=cor(ba_std,unh_std)
cor_BU

Covariance of Boeing and United Health = 0.4540564