CN Summary

Cranial Cns EXIT Ganglion Target organ test extra FCN/muscle

nerve nucleus from
name skull
Afferents/
Efferents
II Antero-Superior. Cribriform Peripheral processes and cell Fiber of the olpfatory Test patency of nostril, don’t use Located in the edmoid bone. - Smell
Olfactory Located @ plate of bodies located in the olfactory epithelium. thing that irritate the lining because
anterior cranial ethmoid epithelium in the upperpart of then you will be testing for sense that
fossa, close to bone the nasal cavity. The fibers run is trigeminal. It has to be coffee,
the cribiform thought the olfactory bulband lemon, vanilla so you can test for the
plate of the terminate in the primary smell.
ethmoid And it olfactory cortex.
is divided in to a
left and right
area.

- SA

ll Optic canal The high density of the Inspect for the pupillary muscle- Located closed to the optic canal and it goes to the - Vision
Optic -SA photoreceptors at the examination of cranial nerve lll. Check sphenoid bone. The chiasma optica is close to the stalk
*no fovea centralis of the for peripheral field but covering one of the pituitary gland- in the sella turcica- which is part
peripheral macula lutea.- macula lutea eye of the patient and asking for the of the sphenoid bone. If there is hyperplasia of the
nerve with fovea centralis. surrounding. Also check the eye left pituitary cells they can enlarged and compress the
structure with the left eye. And use you’re your chiasma optica and result in defect in vision
right eye to check the right eye of the
patient.
III Edinger Superior preganglionic . Motor to 4 extraocular Cn ll (afferent limb) and cn lll Located in the superior orbital fissure. Exists the cranial Motor of the elevator of the upper eyelid and the 4 extraocular muscles.
Oculomotor Westphal pre- Orbital Parasympathetic preganglionic muscles and levator parasympathethic components vaut and enters the orbit throught superior orbital
gang. nucleus @ Fissure fibers synapse in the ciliary palpebrae superioris (efferent limb)- shine a light in the fissure.  GSE → innervates:
midbrain. Ganglion in the orbit and right eye so the cranial nerve #2 levator palpebrae superioris (raise eyelids; CN3, superior division)
postganglionic fibers to the realize that there is a light and the inferior rectus (depresses, adducts, lateral rotation; CN3, inferior division)
- GSE ciliary muscle and pupillary putpil constrict and the pupil in the
- GVE constrictor. left side also contricts that is the medial rectus (adducts; CN3, inferior division)
consensual reflex..
 Ciliary ganglion Also accommodation reflex- near inferior oblique (abducts, elevates, lateral rotation; CN3, inferior division)
vision- cranial nerve #2 afferent limb
and cranial nerve lll, parasympathetic
component-efferent limb. Attempt to  GVE → innervates:
focus on near objects-pupil constrict – sphincter pupillae (pupil constrict for accommodation of near vision; CN3 PSNS)
pupillary constrictor muscle. And the
lens- fattens up- ciliary muscle ontract
for the increased refraction.

lV Superior It is motor. So4- to look down and Located in the superior orbital fissure.  superior oblique (abducts, depresses, medial rotation; CN4)
Trochlear - GSE Orbital towards the inside
Fissure
V The trigeminal 5.1 The ganglion is the sensory The motor component to Corneal reflex (V1) It has three parts:
Trigeminal motor nucleus (Ophthalmic area – outside the cns. Place the mandibular nerve in Jaw jerk V1- ophthalmic 1/3 goes and exits to the superior  GSA → sensory from:
does the muscles division) → where the virus can stay the foramen ovale-motor orbital fissure, which is part of the sphenoid bone. Ophthalmic division, 5.1 (eyes, conjunctiva, orbital contents, nasal cavity, frontal sinus,
of mastication. Superior dormant. It goes and synapse to muscle of the 1st Sensory to eye ,forehead,part of the nasal ethmoidal cells, upper eyelid, dorsum of the nose, anterior part of scalp, anterior cranium fossal
Orbital in the ciliary ganglian- if a pharyngeal arch- close to cavity,paranasal sinuses. dura, superior tentorium cerebelli )
- GSA Fissure herpes accumulates one can the mastoid. V3- motor Maxillary n., 5.2 (middle cranium fossal dura, nasopharynx above soft palate, palate, nasal
- SVE end up with blindness. branch for mastication. V2- midface-maxillary component. Exits through the cavity, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, skin covering side of nose, lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip)
5.2 Massateric MATT foramen rotundum. Sensory to cheek, upper lip, lower zygomaticotemporal branch of zygomatic n.
(Maxillary The sensory ganglia of the eyelid and upper teeth, part of the nasal cavity, paranasal zygomaticofacial branch of zygomatic n.
n.) → trigeminal ganglia is located in Masseter sinuses, tympanic membrane, meninges(dura mata)  infraorbital n.
Foramen the cavernous sinus. Temporalis  greater/lesser palatine n.
Rotundum Lateral pterygoid V3-mandibular nerve- f exists through the foramen ovale  anterior, middle, posterior superior alveolar nerves
V1 sensory portion goes to the Medial pterygoid sensory to the lower lip,lower teeth, chin, anterior 2/3 of Mandibular division., 5.3 (lower face skin, cheek, lower lip, anterior external ear, partly
5.3 tip of the nose the tongue, meningues( dura mata) external acoustic meatus, temporal fossa, anterior 2/3rd
(Mandibular Mylohyoid tongue, lower teeth, mastoid air cells, cheek mucus membranes, mandible, middle cranium fossal
division) → V2- upper lip and lateral side Anterior digastric dura)
of the nose  deep temporal n.
 Foramen Tensor tympani The sensory and motor component joints the  masseteric n.
Ovale V3. Chin and lower lip. Tensor veli palatini mandibular nerve in the foramen ovale.  mandibular n.
The cervical plexus are  n. to medial pterygoid & tensor veli palatini
posterior.  n. to lateral pterygoid
The anterior belly of the  buccal n.
digastric is the first brach  lingual n.
of the pharyngeal arch.  inferior alveolar n.
 mental n.
 n. to mylohyoid
 auriculotemporal n.

 VSE → innervates:
tensor veli palatine (tenses soft palate, opens eustachian tube via swallow/yawn; nerve to
medial pterygoid/5.3)
temporalis (closes, retracts mandible; deep temporal nerves, 5.3)
masseter (closes, elevates, retracts mandible; masseteric n., 5.3)
medial pterygoid (protrude/elevate mandible, produce side chewing; n. to medial pterygoid,
5.3)
lateral pterygoid (opens mandible; n. to lateral pterygoid, 5.3)
tensor tympani (tenses tympanic membrane via medial pull; tensor tympani n., 5.3)
anterior belly of digastric (raises hyoid bone, lowers mandible; n. to mylohyoid, 5.3)
mylohyoid (raises hyoid bone, raises mouth floor, depresses mandible; n. to mylohyoid, 5.3)

Vl Superior It is motor LR6- to look outward Located in the superior orbital fissura  Lateral rectus (abducts eyeball; CN6)
Abducens - GSE Orbital
Fissure
Vll Superior Slivary Stylomastoid  PT( pterygopalatine Motor to muscle of the Smile, close the eyes, crease up the -exits cranial vault @ internal acoustic meatus of  GSA → sensory from:
Facial Nucleus.and it foramen via ganglion) – goes to the second pharyngeal arch- forehead. Puff out the cheeks. temporal bone . below the petrous ridge. The nerve part of external acoustic meatus & deeper auricle
has two internal pterygopalatine ganglion. 1.stapedius passes between the temporal bone and the styloid
parasympathetic acoustic 2.auricular muscle process and mastoid process. Exits the skull via the  GA → taste from:
ganglia meatus Submandibular ganglia ( 3.stylohyoid stylomastoid formaen-motor main brach. anterior 2/3rd of tongue
4.digastric(post belly)
- GSA, SA CN 7 5. muscles of the facial  GVE → innervates:
branches @ The motor brach exist the expression. lacrimal gland, SM & SL glands, nasal cavity mucus membranes, hard/soft palates
- GVE, SVE facial canal temporal bone at the
of temporal stylomastoid foramen and
 SVE → innervates (derived from 2nd pharyngeal arch):
bone prior passes throught the parotid Preganglionic
stylohyoid (elevates hyoid bone & tongue base; CN7)
to initial salivary gland- innervates parasympathetic fibers for
posterior belly of digastric (raises/steadies hyoid, opens mouth via lowered mandible; CN7)
cranial vault posrterior bellyofthe all glands in the head
exit diagastric,stylohyoid,auricular except parotid gland. stapedius (pulls stapes posteriorly to ↓tympanic membrane oscillation; CN7)
muscles, and muscles of the It has special sense –taste occipitalis (moves scalp posteriorly; posterior auricular branches of CN7)
facial expression. form the anterior 2/3 of auricularis (elevates, retracts, and draws ear forward; posterior auricular & temporal branches
the tongue. of CN7)

2 branches carrying General sensation from a

preganglionic parasympathetic small part of the outer ear. Upper motor neuron lesion- in the cortex it will sparse half of the face.
fibers and taste fibers.
If it is a lower motors neuron lesion- more distal close to the lower lip
VIII Internal Cochlear and spiral ganglion. Aiding valance and head Whisper test In the internal acoustic meatus below the petrous ridge
Vestibulococ acoustic It also has a vestibular rotation-movement sense- Finger rub- in the temporal bone.  SA:
hlear - SA meatus ganglion. vestibular nerve. Rinner and weber test. Apply hight Vestibular division→ balance
frequency to test bone conduction. Cochlear division→ hearing
Low frequency vibration.

Caloric test.

Cold water into the ear- then the eyes

moves in the opposite side.
lX Inferior Jugular  Otic ganglion General sensation from Assess for dysphonia exits @ Jugular foramen in the middle cranial fossa
Glossopharyn salivatory foramen It has two ganglian and are the most of the pharynx, Ask the patient to say ahhh  GVA → sensory from: carotid body & sinus
geal nucleus-close responsible for the Gap reflex. posterior 1/3 tongue,
association with - postgg. PSNS travel with palatine tonsils, middle ear Gap reflex  GSA → sensory from:
the optic branch of trigeminal nerve(V3- mucosa and tympanic posterior 1/3rd tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, middle ear mucosa, pharyngotympanic tube,
ganglion auricotempral) to parotid membrane. Special sense mastoid air cells
gland. of taste form the posterior
- GVA, SA, GSA - pregg. PSNS fibers for 1/3 of the tongue.  SA → taste from: posterior 1/3rd tongue
parotid salivary gland.
- GVE, SVE - Motor for stylopharyngeal
 GVE → innervates: parotid salivary gland
muscle.
- Visceral afferent form carotid
sinus and carotid body.  SVE → innervates:
stylopharyngeus (elevates pharynx/larynx during swallowing/speaking; [derived from 3rd
pharyngeal arch]; CN9)

Goes to the jugular foramen with x.

It has to do with the third pharyngeal arch.
X The nucleus Jugular It has a superior and inferior General sensation from Assess for dysphonia Medulla oblongata travel to the Jugular foramen in the
Vagus ambiguous foramen ganglia. larynx and part of Ask the patient to say ahhh middle fossa  GSA → sensory from:
motor nucleus of laryngopharynx, and a  larynx, laryngopharynx, deeper parts of auricle, part of external acoustic meatus, dura in
the pharynx and small part of external Gap reflex posterior cranial fossa
larynx, and a little auditory canal . Visceral
bit ot the afferents from esophagus,  GVA → sensory from:
parasympathetic foregut and midgut, aortic body chemoreceptors, aortic arch baroreceptors, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, heart, and
that goes to the bronchi and lungs, heart, abdominal viscera of foregut/midgut
heart. Dorsal aortic body 

motor nucleus of Parasympathetic  SA → taste from:
the vagus – close (preganglionic) fibers for epiglottis & pharynx
association with smooth muscles and
the substance glands of larynx, pharynx,  GVE → innervates:
negra.
 - GSE airway, foregut and midgut smooth muscle, pharynx glands, larynx, thoracic viscera, and abdominal viscera of the

 foregut/midgut
Motor for muscles of
pharynx (EXCEPT  SVE → innervates:
stylopharyngeus), larynx, palatoglossus (elevates posterior tongue & depresses palate; CN10 via pharyngeal plexus)
one tongue muscle soft palate m. except tensor veli palatine
(palatoglossus) and pharynx m. except stylopharyngeus
muscles of soft palate larynx
(EXCEPT tensor veli
palatini) 

Special sense of taste from
epiglottis 
 palatoglosus
muscle innervated by
cranial nerve x

Xl Spinal root Jugular CN XI exits the cranial vault two roots: from medulla Sternocleidomastoid.- ask the patient Medulla oblongata travel to the Jugular foramen in the
Accessory enters the cranial foramen through the jugular foramen (central) and spinal cord to move the neck against resistance. posterior fossa  GSE → innervates:
vault through along with CN IX and CN X And the trapezius- raise the shoulders. SCM (flex head, raise thorax, turn face to the side; CN 11)
foramen trapezius (elevates, retracts, rotates, depresses scapula; CN 11)
magnum Motor for
sternocleidomastoid
(SCM) and trapezius
- GSE muscles

Supplies fibers via vagus

to larynx, pharynx and soft
palate

Xll Hypoglossal Motor to intrinsic and Located posterior and inferior, but it goes anterior to the
Hypoglossal canal extrincis muscles of the olive and in the pyramids of the medulla. In the  GSE → innervates:
tongue which contributes posterior fossa. hyoglossus (depresses, retracts tongue; CN 12)
to swallowing and speech, genioglossus (depresses, protrudes tongue; CN 12)
styloglossus (retracts tongue for swallowing; CN 12)
intrinsic tongue muscles
- GSE however palatoglosus
muscle innervated by
cranial nerve x

MNEMONICS

• Branches of Facial Nerve: Please Tell Ziggy Bob Marley Called.

o Please = Posterior Auricular

 o Tell = Temporal Branch

o Ziggy = Zygomatic Branch

o Bob = Buccal Branch

o Marley = Mandibular Branch

o Called = Cervical Branch

• Cutaneous Branches of V1 (Ophthalmic Nerve): LIESS

o L = Lacrimal N.

o I = Infratrochlear N.

o E = Ethmoidal N.

o S = Supratrochlear N.

o S = Supraorbital N.

• Cutaneous Branches of V2 (Maxillary Nerve): ZIZ

o Z = Zygomaticotemporal N.

o I = Infraorbital N.

o Z = Zygomaticofacial N.

• Cutaneous Branches of V3 (Mandibular Nerve): BAM

o B = Buccal N.

o A = Auriculotemporal N.

o M = Mental N.

• Brances of Cervical Plexus: say “LOGATECS”

o LO = Lower Occipital N.

o GA = Great Auricular N.
 o TC = Transverse Cervical N.

o S = Supraclavicular N.

• Branches of External Carotid Artery, from inferior to superior: Some Angry Lady Found Out PMS

o Some = Superior Thyroid A.

o Angry = Ascending Pharyngeal A.

o Lady = Lingual A.

o Found = Facial A.

o Out = Occipital A.

o P = Posterior Auricular A.

o M = Maxillary A.

o S = Superficial Temporal A.

• Nerves superior to orbit of eye – from medial to lateral – NFL:

o N = Nasociliary Nerve

o F = Frontal Nerve

o L = Lacrimal Nerve

• Layers of Scalp: SCALP

o S = Skin

o C = Connective Tissue

o A = Aponeurosis (more specifically, Galea Aponeurotica)

o L = Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

o P = Pericranium

• Remember “PS-FAMM-N” for the Drainages of the Nasal Meatus:

• Drainage to Superior Meatus: PS

o P= Posterior Ethmoidal Air Sacs

o S = Sphenoidal Sinus

• Drainage to Middle Meatus: FAMM

o F = Frontal Sinus

o A = Anterior Ethmoidal Air Sacs

o M = Middle Ethmoidal Air Sacs

o M = Maxillary Sinus

• Drinage to Inferior Meatus: N

o N = Nasolacrimal Duct

• Kiesselbach’s Area (Little’s Area) Anastomoses: FOMM

o F = Facial Artery (Superior Labial Branch)

o O = Ophthalmic Artery (Anterior Ethmoidal Branch)

o M = Maxillary Artery (Greater Palatine Branch)

o M = Maxillary Artery (Sphenopalatine Branch)

• Symptoms of Horner’s Syndrome: SPAM

o S = Sympathetic Chain impingement

o P = Ptosis (drooping eyelid)

o A = Anhydrosis (dehydration)

o M = Miosis (pin-point eye)

• Cranial Nerves — Are they Sensory, Motor, or Both? — Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
 o Some — CN I — Sensory

o Say — CN II — Sensory

o Marry — CN III — Motor

o Money — CN IV — Motor

o But — CN V — Both

o My — CN VI — Motor

o Brother — CN VII — Both

o Says — CN VIII — Sensory

o Big — CN IX — Both

o Brains — CN X — Both

o Matter — CN XI — Motor

o More — CN XII — Motor

• Cranial Nerve innervations of the Eye — LR6(SO4)3.

o LR6 — Lateral Rectus innervated by CN 6

o SO4 — Superior Oblique innervated by CN 4

All other eye muscles innervated by CN 3