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Pedro de Buena Vista en Carnavales.
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Aprendíz llauk’eando un cucharon, Aiquile. 1978

Charango llauk’eado, Aiquile 1978

Pegando la tapa armónica, Aiquile. 1978

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Charangos de una sola pieza.


Autor: Gonzalo Hermoza. Cbba. 1977 Charangos llauk’eados. Aiquile. Cochabamba. 2007

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TEMPLE DIABLO - WALAYCHO. QUIMSA TEMPLES


4 cuerdas dobles (las quintas se las descuelgan)

Temple variación walaycho.

Temple diablo agudo.

5 cuerdas dobles
Temple falso diablo.

Temple pascua. 5 TEMPLES DE ACACIO (POTOSÍ)


Recop. Lucio Echeverría 1952 - 1960

1 Quimsa temple variación diablo


Temple San Juan de Kila kila

2 Quimsa temple variación natural


Temples Carnaval (Potosí)
1

2 3 Temple cambray

Temple runa
4 Variación quimsa temple.

Llallagueño

5 Temple salaque
Terceras cuerdas destempladas

Temple falso natural.

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Recop. Eduardo Caba 1928

Temple combinado
Recop. Alfredo Coca (Cbba.)

Temple Transportado
Recop. Willy Loredo (Potosí)

Temple formal (La Paz)


Recop. Gerardo Pareja

Temple de Salto (Aiquile - Cochabamba)


Recop. Carlos Mojica

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100

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