Green APLEducation Ltd AS/A2 CHEMISTRY PACK

A2 CHEMISTRY - IONIC EQUILBRIUM

1. Select appropriate conjugate acid/base pairs from the list of species below and place
them in the correct place in the table.
NO3- NH4+ H2O CH3COOH NH2- H3O+ NH3 OH - CH3COO -
HNO3 H2NO3+

acid H2O HNO3 NH4+ CH3COOH NH3 H3O+ H2NO3+

conjugate base OH - NO3 - NH3 CH3COO - NH2 - H2O HNO3

(



) for any 4 correct pairings

2. a) Write an expression to define the ionic product of water, KW.

KW = [H+] [OH --] (
)
b) The ionic product of water is 1.0 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6 at 25oC. This allows us to deduce
that the pH of pure water at 25oC is 7. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions
in water at 25oC.
[H+] = 1 x 10-7 mol dm-3 (
)
c) The value of KW changes with temperature. At a higher temperature than 25oC the
value of KW is 1.3 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6. Use this value of KW to find the hydrogen ion
concentration and hence the pH of pure water at the higher temperature. Show an
expression for pH in your answer.
[H+] = √ 1.3 x 10-14 = 1.14 x 10-7 mol dm-3 (
)
+ -7
pH = -log10 [H ] (
) = -log10 1.14 x 10 = 6.94 (
)
d) By reference to the answers which you have found above explain whether the
dissociation of water into its ions is an exothermic or an endothermic process. Refer
to Le Chatelier’s principle to explain your answer.
H2O (l) H+(aq) + OH – (aq) (
)

[H+] becomes higher when temperature increases (
)

Endothermic direction is the forward direction, therefore dissociation is endothermic

(
)

e) Explain why water is not acidic at the higher temperature even though it has a pH which
is below 7.
[H+] = [OH -] (
)

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3. Calculate the pH of the following solutions of strong acids and strong alkalis at 25oC.
(KW = 1.0 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6 at 25oC)
a) 2.4 mol dm-3 HCl
pH = -log10 2.4 = -0.38 (
)
-3
b) 1.2 mol dm HCl
pH = -log10 1.2 = -0.08 (
) (-0.079)
-3
c) 0.6 mol dm HCl
pH = -log10 0.6 = 0.22 (
)
-3
d) 0.2 mol dm NaOH
[H+] = 1 x 10-14 = 5 x 10-14 (
)
0.2
pH = = -log10 5 x 10-14 = 13.30 (
)
e) 0.05 mol dm-3 NaOH
[H+] = 1 x 10-14 = 2 x 10-13 (
)
0.05
pH = = -log10 2 x 10-13 = 12.70 (
)
4. Calculate the pH of the solution which results from mixing the following acids and
alkalis by first calculating the concentration of alkali in the resulting solution.
a) 25cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 HCl and 30 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 NaOH.
No. of moles of HCl = 0.05 x 25 x 10-3 = 0.0125 moles (
)
No. of moles of NaOH = 0.1 x 30 x 10-3 = 0.003 moles (
)
No. of moles of NaOH in excess = 0.003 – 0.0125 = 0.00175 moles (
)
[OH -] = 0.0175 = 0.032 mol dm-3 (
)
55 x 10-3
pOH = -log10 0.032 = 1.50 pH = 14 – 1.50 = 12.50 (
)
b) 50cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 HCl and 110cm3 of 0.22 mol dm-3 NaOH.
No. of moles of HCl = 0.2 x 50 x 10-3 = 0.01 moles (
)
No. of moles of NaOH = 0.22 x 110 x 10-3 = 0.0242 moles (
)
No. of moles of NaOH in excess = 0.0242 – 0.01 = 0.0142 moles (
)
[OH -] = 0.0142 = 0.00875 mol dm-3 (
)
-3
160 x 10
pOH = -log10 0.00875 = 1.05 pH = 14 – 1.05 = 12.95 (
)

Total = 30 marks

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