Mongolia

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This article is about the modern sovereign state. For other usesdfs, see Mongolia
(disambiguation).

Mongolia

ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
Монгол Улс  (Mongolian)

Flag

Emblem

Anthem: 

 Монгол улсын төрийн дуулал

Mongol ulsyn töriin duulal
(English: "National anthem of Mongolia")

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 Location of Mongolia (green)

Capital Ulaanbaatar[a]
Coordinates:  47°55′N 106°53′E
and largest city

Official languages Mongolian

Official scripts Cyrillic

Mongolian[1]

Ethnic groups  96% Mongols
4% Kazakhs[2]
(2010)

Religion Buddhism (53%)
Non-religious (38.6%)
Islam (3%)
Shamanism (2.9%)
Christianity (2.2%)
Others (0.4%)[2]

Demonym(s) Mongolian[b]
Mongol

Government Unitary semi-presidential republic[3][4][5]

• President Khaltmaagiin Battulga

• Prime Minister Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh

 Legislature State Great Khural

Formation

• Xiongnu Empire formed 209 BC

• Mongol Empire formed 1206

• Declaration of December 29, 1911

independence from Qing dynasty

• Mongolian People's Republic was November 26, 1924

established

• Independence was recognized January 5, 1946

by China

• Current constitution February 13, 1992

Area

• Total 1,566,000 km2 (605,000 sq mi) (18th)

• Water (%) 0.67[2]

Population

• 2020 estimate 3,353,470[6] (134th)

• 2015 census 3,057,778[7]

• Density 2.07/km2 (5.4/sq mi) (194th)

GDP (PPP) 2019 estimate

• Total $47 billion[8] (115th)

• Per capita $14,270[8] (93rd)

GDP (nominal) 2019 estimate

• Total $13.7 billion[8] (133rd)
 • Per capita $4,151[8] (116th)

Gini (2018) 32.7[9]
medium

HDI (2018)  0.735[10]

high · 92nd

Currency Tögrög (MNT)

Time zone UTC+7/+8[11]

• Summer (DST) UTC+8/+9[12]

Date format yyyy.mm.dd (CE)

Driving side right

Calling code +976

ISO 3166 code MN

Internet TLD .mn, .мон

a. ^ Also spelled "Ulan Bator".

b. ^ "Mongolian" denotes nationality, which includes minorities such

as Kazakhs or Tuvans, while "Mongol" indicates Mongol ethnicity.

Mongolia (Mongolian: Монгол Улс, Traditional Mongolian:   Mongγol ulus)  is [a]

a landlocked country in East Asia. Its area is roughly equivalent with the historical
territory of Outer Mongolia, and that term is sometimes used to refer to the current state.
It is sandwiched between Russia to the north and China to the south, where it
neighbours the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Mongolia does not share a border
with Kazakhstan, although only 37 kilometres (23 mi) separate them.
At 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 sq mi), Mongolia is the 18th-largest and
the most sparsely populated sovereign state in the world, with a population of over 3.3
million people.  It is also the world's second-largest landlocked country
[6]

behind Kazakhstan and the largest landlocked country that does not border a closed
sea. The country contains very little arable land, as much of its area is covered by
grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the
south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 45% of the country's
population.  Ulaanbaatar also shares the rank of the world's coldest capital city
[13]

with Moscow, Ottawa, and Nur-Sultan. [14][15][16]

Approximately 30% of the population is nomadic or semi-nomadic; horse culture is still

integral. The majority of its population are Buddhists. The non-religious population is the
second-largest group. Islam is the dominant religion among ethnic Kazakhs. The
majority of the state's citizens are of Mongol ethnicity, although Kazakhs, Tuvans, and
other minorities also live in the country, especially in the west. Mongolia joined
the World Trade Organization in 1997 and seeks to expand its participation in regional
economic and trade groups. [2]

The area of what is now Mongolia has been ruled by various nomadic empires,
including the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Rouran, the First Turkic Khaganate, and others.
In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, which became the
largest contiguous land empire in history. His grandson Kublai Khan conquered China
to establish the Yuan dynasty. After the collapse of the Yuan, the Mongols retreated to
Mongolia and resumed their earlier pattern of factional conflict, except during the era
of Dayan Khan and Tumen Zasagt Khan.