gi Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology MATCH THE DEFINITIONS Match each word on the right with its definition on the left 1 2. Stiffening of skeletal muscles after death Area of cell death in which cells are digested by their own enzymes, becoming soft and runay A type of cellular housekeeping in which a cell digests some of its own components ‘Area of cell death in which dead cells disintegrate, but the debris is not digested completely by enzymes Area of cell death in which denatured proteins appear firm and opaque ‘An atom or group of atoms having an unpaired electron Purple discoloration of dependent tissues after death Cell death that involves orderly dismantling of cell components and packaging the remainders in vesicles (CATEGORIZE THE CLINICAL EXAMPLES ‘A. Apoptosis Free radical Livor montis Liquefactive necrosis, E, Rigor mortis F. Coagulative necrosis i, Autophagy Caseous necrosis Write the type of cellular adaptation beside its clinical example. Choices: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia 9. Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased amounts of estrogen, 10, Man who lifts weights regularly develops larger biceps, 11, Thymus gland decreases in size during childhood. 12, Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium, 13. Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter on left than right from skating clockwise. 14, Left calf is smaller than right calf when cast is removed from i. 15. Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged portion CIRCLE THE CORRECT WORDS Circle the correct word from the choices provided 10 complete these sentences. 16. Cell death by (necrosis, apoptosis) causes inflammation, but cell death by (necrosis, apoptosis) does not. 17. Dysplasia also is called (normal, atypical) hyperplasia, 18, Release of (potassium, calcium) ions from intracellular stores into the cytoplasm during ischemia damages the cell. cong © 2017, ave A ahs ene 8 Chapt 4 Aer ety and Tsu Boloay19, Compared with normal aerobic metabolism, cells that use anaerobic metabolism produce (more, less) ATP and (more, less) lactic acid, 20. The most important way to prevent medication-related poisoning deaths in children is safe (storage, prescribing) of medications 21. Reactive oxygen species, such as (superoxide radicals, superoxide dismutase) damage cells by attacking their (potas sium, membranes) 22. Postmortem changes (involve, do not involve) the inflammatory response. 23. Gangrene occurs when cells die of (hypoxia, trauma) and (poisoning, bacterial invasion). ORDER THE STEPS. Beginning with the acute obstruction of a coronary artery, sequence the events that occur during necrosis of a ‘myocardial cell 24, Write the letters here in the correct order of the steps: ATP supply decreases within the cel. Acute obstruction of coronary artery cuts off arterial blood supply to myocardium. Coll runs on anaerobic metabolism because of lack of oxygen. Cell bursts and spills its contents into the interstitial fluid. Active transport of ions across the cell membrane slows. Lysosomal enzymes destroy components of their own cell. ‘Osmosis causes cell swelling, and calcium accumulates in the cel. Organelles, including lysosomes, swell and rupture. EROmmvae> DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCES Describe the difference between each pair of terms. 25. What is the difference between hypertrophy und hyperplasia? 26. What is the difference between suffocation and strangulation? 27. What is the difference between an abrasion and a laceration? 28. What is the difference between dystrophic calcification and metastatic calcification? 4 chs 4 Altered Cellar and Tsve Blalogy capt © 2017, ave ais ene29, What is the difference between a penetrating gunshot wound and a perforating gunshot wound? COMPLETE THE SENTENCES Write one word in each blank to complete these sentences. 30. Acute cellular swelling during ischemia is reversible if is supplied quickly 31. Active tuberculosis is characterized by ______ necrosis, whereas death of brain cclls is characterized by —____ necrosis 32. During apoptosis, cell contents are contained in vesicles called —_____, which are removed by 33. Liver enzymes metabolize most blood ethanol to __, which damages tissues. 34, When excessive reactive oxygen species overwhelm the endogenous antioxidant systems, 35. Death of the entire person is called ______ death, 36. Melanin is synthesized by epidermal cells called ______ and accurmulates in other epidermal cells called 37. Active enzymes that dismantle the cellular components during apoptosis are called RESPOND TO THESE CLINICAL SITUATIONS Place yourself in these situations and write your responses in the spaces provided. 38. Mr. Martin had severe crushing injuries of both lower extremities when his house collapsed on him during an earth- ‘quake. Among other abnormal values, his laboratory tests show elevated creatine kinase in his blood. Why is his blood creatine kinase high? 39, Mrs. Santosa died peacefully in her sleep at home while lying prone. When her relatives discovered her body and rolled her over, they saw purple discoloration of half of her face and of her abdomen. They are very concerned ‘that she might have been beaten the night before she died, What factual information do they need to relieve their 15 cong © 2017, ave A ahs ene Chapt 4 ered Cellar an Tsu Bology40, The entire Berg family was in the hospital room when Mrs. Berg died quietly from terminal cancer. As the family is preparing to leave, Kevin Berg, age 10, says to his mother, “I think grandma is not really dead. She is just sleeping. Dead people are stiff as boards. I saw that on TV. Grandma’s hands are cold, but her arms are not stiff” His mother Tooks at the nurse for help. In addition to addressing the emotional issues, what factual information should be provided? DRAW YOUR ANSWERS. Read the questions and draw your answers. ‘These are normal cells that are capable of cell division and normally receive basal levels of hormonal stimulation, @}] QO 9/0 Normal 41. Draw what these cells would look like after their hormonal stimulation has been reduced substantially for several weeks. 42, Draw what these cells would look like after receiving excessive hormonal stimulation for several weeks. IDENTIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS Choose the characteristie(s) of apoptosis. You may select more than one answer. Choose all that apply. 43. Write the letters of your choice(s) here: Cell is damaged by its own lysosomal enzymes. Cell shrinks when its cytoskeleton is dismantled, Coll injury is reversible if nutrients are restored in time. Process causes inflammation, Sections of the cell bud off into vesicles Coll swells when osmosis occurs. Process occurs when caspases are inactivated. Ommpare 16 chs 4 Altered Cellar and Tsve Blalogy capt © 2017, ave ais ene‘TEACH PEOPLE ABOUT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Write your response to each situation in the space provided. 44. Kenesha Francis, age 9, broke her arm 6 weeks ago, and the cast will be removed today. Before the cast is removed, teach her about the expected appearance of her arm in words appropriate to her age. 45, “The doctor said my heart enlarged because my blood pressure is high.” says Mr, Hendricks. “Please explain thal!” 46, Me. Lapin has diabetes and will have amputation of the toes shown in the photograph. He says, “Why did my toes get black and hard rather than swollen and mushy like my Dad’s toes did before surgery?” 7 apm © 2017, ever re. rhs esr Chapt 4 Aer eta and Tsu Bolopy