Culture Difference & Japanese Culture FY2016 National Staff Training for JX Nippon Oil & Gas Exploration Corp. December 5'" (Mon.) — December 8" (Thurs.), 2016 naan (& IX Nippon Research Institute, Ltd. Contents 1. Comparison of National Cultures (1) Cultural Models to Diagnose Cultural Differences (2) Hosted Cultural Model (3) Cultural Barriers 2. Japan Overview (1) Basic Data (2) Climate & Nature (3) Brief History (4) Culture & the People's Life 3. Tips for Understanding Business Standards in Japan “IX Nippon Research int, Lid.Loi orale Mey meio Medel lg) (1) Cultural Models to Diagnose eT terete) National & business cultures are different among nations/cultures. Therefore, there are some diagnostic models to understand ways of the different national and business cultures. a 1. Comparison of National Culture (1) Cultural Models to Diagnose Cultural Differences The examples of cultural models: » Hofstade model of national culture: The most well-known cultural model » Global leadership & organizational behavior effectiveness > 7d culture modelPemereyuyey-ieel ime) MEL olar mere Lig) (2) Hofsted Cultural Model > Developed by a Dutch scientist, Geert Hofstede, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. > Uses 6 dimensions of basic cultural values: Individualism, Power Distance, Masculinity, Long-term Orientation, Uncertainty Avoidance, Pragmatism. ut tn cacao on nantes 1. Comparison of National Culture (2) Hofsted Cultural Model Individualism (vs Collectivism) : Cultures to value people in terms of their own achievement, status, etc. rather than the groups to which the people belong. U.S.A. is the . ~ most culturally individualistic. ‘hi ta. Aa i LL SP IOSS Suc Gee itd, steiner ies Seaver attons néOrpmatons Aces Hos 6 ‘Suh es asc ne abeon 201. Comparison of National Culture (2) Hofsted Cultural Model Power Distance: High Power Distance cultures have tendency to accept a hierarchical order and inequality in the society. The people in Malaysia have tendency to accept a hierarchical order. ALP PPISS {our eer td cat’ anseueceConpaing aes ers ttn n Oreos estes ‘Sted on Thug On Ck Pon 1. Comparison of National Culture (2) Hofsted Cultural Model Masculinity : High masculinity represents tendency of a society to emphasize traditional gender roles. Men tend to be assertive and Tint LL PP EELS Suc: cart ited, cr'conogces Comping Ves enn nro Acs Naas Scand estoy Thamendon usa Peon 01. Comparison of National Culture (2) Hofsted Cultural Model Uncertain Avoidance: Higher uncertainty avoidance culture seeks to structure social systems to oe fambionly Japanese people think that laws/rules arevery important and should be followed. SLPS eee ; seu an ds ater Canes Comping les Baars stato wl Oasis es ato ‘Send tan thus tape Peto, 20 Bere er Tacola mem Clit MOM L Ey (2) Hofsted Cultural Model Long-Term Orientation (vs Short-Term Orientation) :Long-Term Orientation values long- ne commitment. Japanese prefer to build long-term relationship based on mutual understanding. Ha | * sec: Ge itd & vane’ foe Int din er tn Sindtdn hoon Oa Speen1. Comparison of National Culture (OOS Ce Rete E rel) Indulgence (vs Restraint) : The people in an indulgence society value natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun. “T Restrained societies tend not to put much emphasis on leisure time. lil 1 LL Et? 2 1. Comparison of National Culture (3) The Barriers to Communication > Stereotype > Ethnocentrism » Behavior > Language Source: Matets Mange Steep1. Comparison of National Culture (3) The Barriers to Communication > Stereotype ~Preconceived notion about a group of people~ ~A story about a luxury cruise ship~ The ship springs a leak and begins to sink. There aren't enough boats for all the guests. The women and children have filled up all the boats. Now the ship’s captain wants to persuade the men to jump into the sea. What should the captain say to each man from different countries to make him jump??? 3 peli ecole me MCLE LmeM eli (3) The Barriers to Communication > Behavior ~Cultural differences in body language and other behaviors to cause miscommunications~ + Eye contact + Nodding «Implications of body language wy i me1. Comparison of National Culture (3) The Barriers to Communication > Language National Language + Vietnam : Vietnamese * Malaysia : Malay + Indonesia : Indonesia ¢ U.S.A.: English * Qatar & U.A.E : Arabic + Japan : Japanese 1. Comparison of National Culture (3) The Barriers to Communication > Ethnocentrism ~The tendency to judge other roup according to the standards and e values of one’s own 5 « a) group~ 162. Japan Overview (1) Basic Data > Population: Japan: Vietnam: Malaysia: Indonesia: U.S.A: Qatar: UAE: enema sneolnecn 127.0 million (2015) 91.7 million (2015) 30.3 million (2015) 257.6 million (2015) 321.4 million (2015) 2.3 million (2014) 9.5 million (2015) > GPD (2015): Japan: Vietnam: Malaysia: Indonesia: eaemotags stonldecn ees eon US$ 4.123 trillion US$ 193.6 billion US$ 296.2 billion US$ 861.9 billion US$ 17.95 trillion US$ 166.908 billion US$ 370.293 billion 2. Japan Overview (peer iea Ec)2. Japan Overview (1) Basic Data » Average Life Expectancy (2014) Japan: 84 years old (U.S.A: 79 years old/ UK : 81 years old) » Average Fertility Rate (2014) Japan: 1.42 (U.S.A: 1.87/ UK : 1.83) epithe cee lngle 0 2. Japan Overview (2) Climate & Nature [subarctic climate]four distinct seasons: 2 eae mute nh: the highest mountain in Japan with a height of 3,776m Known asa symbol of Japan Japan is a country where hit frequently + Amassive earthquake hit the northeastern coastal areas of Japan. + The earthquake and the following huge tsunami accounted for 16,000 deaths, 6200 injuries and left a further 2600 missing. rxmewcewnanunwnryrrmios 34The first signs of civilization and stable living Pit hous > worships nature ==> Japanese original religion; “Shinto” Shrine Pray for peace and good harvestThe beginning of the historic age in Japan (1000 } (_2016 } Japan was much influenced by China. » How to built a city > How to form a system of government > Religion, Chinese character The beginning of the historic age in Japan = 700 (1000 } (_2016 } + Empress “Suiko" & Prince Shotoku formed a centralized system as. government. ‘# Buddhism was encouraged / temples were built “Harmony” was respected. Harmony="Wa" in Jap: “The Great Budcha of nara Toda Tepe1165 The Changing Rules of Japan te EE] he Battle for who should rules government Bedioning of Samurai-era ‘@ Minamoto Yoritomo Long time civi war era ‘Minamoto Yoritoma Developed the system of "Samurai" government in 1185. ‘The Onin War (1487-1477) apes 7Historical Japanese Culture was developed (ia 65 05] [ Lots of historical Japanese culture was developedin the era | inkaku Temple (Golden Pavilon)in KYO! 4 sty Japanese house * Isolation policy @ Samurai era {1165 fame 71668 foment 1045 femme 2076 ortemasiey | @ Prohibited Christianity ‘© Prohibited comings & goings abroad Limited trading imEnd of Samurai-era A CD, ee Meiji Restoration | The Meiji Restoration accelerated industrialization and modernized Japan as a whole in a very short time. @ The government was formed under the rule of the Emperor. Moti Emperor Aailcrocing foctoryeated by the Allies. The nation went into global wars and wa 11651060 femme 1045 omeml_2076 > @ Japan eventual Allied p Showa Emperor Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum AT = the devastation in August 1945. ‘Atomic Bomb Dome (World Cultural Heritage)Post-war Showa Period (1165 } (1888 {1945 Pomm{_2076 } ‘© Rapid economic recovery and growth in a very short time The average economic growth rate was approx.10 % from the mid 50s to the early 70s. Subsequently became the 2nd largest economy in the world. Erpotmakieend Doles aA S28 pejanan (lt ab) “ey Tove a ‘Showa period (Early 1970s-1989) The second largest economy in the world & Bubble economy ® Throughout the 1970s, Japan was the second largest economy in the world. @ In late1980s to early 1990s, Japan experienced economic fluctuations under “asset price bubble economy,” in which real estate and stack market prices ‘were greatly inated. Tokyo Matopottan Goverment itu shinei comteeDehinjku nei oPolitical turmoil, Economic Recession and 2 Big Earthquakes ("Bubble economy” collapsed in 1991. After that, Japan suffered from economic recession fr almost 2¢ years, which is cll two lost decades.” @ Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's Literal Democratic Party has held power since 2012 after the potical turmoil such as shor-period administration by Democratic Party in 2009-2012, frequent change of Prime Minister, and so on. @ Entering Heisei period, Japan suffered two big earthquake Kobe Earthquake on 1995 and the Great East Japan Earthquake on 2041, Kobe earthquake : 6,300 dled (1995) PARE er TON Tad (ln (4) Culture, Daily and > National Costume: Kimono » National Sports: Sumo wrestling > National Cuisine: Sushi, Tofu, Soba, Tempura; Sukiyaki, etc. *Japanese enjoy lots of kinds of international foods. stsviomaenanonnesusscrcinncioioeiss> National Cuisine: Food Culture in Japan Traditional Japanese cuisine is healthy and balanced diet. | >Japanese Arts: sg Tie@Bina} Sree apm 203 2> Japanese Subculture Japanese Anime : “Manga” ~Famous all over the world~ Doraemon Captain Tsubasa Ashita no Joe Honeybee Hutch Tsurikichi Sanpei Hiedi, Girl of the Alps Tiger Mask Future Boy Conan, etc... zsurenevne a > Daily Life of business persons in metropolitan areas (1) Home > Typical Japanese houses in Tokyo are small (the average is about 62.51’). > People living in/around the 3 major cities accounting for approx. 50% of Japan's total population: Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoyaiz A : > Daily Life of business persons in metropolitan areas (2) Commuting (Train) > Millions of people commute by train in central Tokyo each day as it is the most convenient transport for the punctuality and availability. > Thus it is called as commuting hell. > Japanese Mind 2 Underlying philosophies of Japanese mind ~"Wa” (41) & “Bushido”~ 1) “Wa” (41) * Originally meant “soft” + It’s translated as “harmony”, "peace, and = “unity” “wa" (Wi) also means “circle” in Japanese, which is the symbol of Zen sect of Buddhism. «© os>» Japanese Mind 2 Underlying philosophies of Japanese mind ~"Wa” (411) & “Bushido”~ 2) “Bushido” The samurai code which values “Loyalty,” "Virtue" and "Honor." > Social Norms Teamwork, Social Order & Seniority » Japanese culture values harmonious relationships between people, “teamwork,” rather than individuals. » Japanese are conscious of age and status. » Japanese prioritize social order.~ Japanese values punctuality ~ For business meetings and other occasions, Japanese prefer arriving on time or 5 to 10 minutes earlier. In case of arriving late, Japanese people call the contact person to apologize for delay and inform the estimated arrival time. thereisa prov "Time is money” in Japan. 8 BX Nippon Research institut, Ld. ~ Conservative attire is preferred at Japanese business situation ~ Normally, - Men wear a dark-colored business suit (with tie) . - Women dress conservatively. FYI, from June to Sep., the dress code has become more relaxed due to the government's energy saving campaign “Cool Biz” for summer. .AKNippon Research institut, Li.~ The exchange of business cards, meishi, is an essential part of the first meeting in Japanese business setting ~ The manner of exchange of business cards: a. Business cards are to be given and received with two hands and a slight bow at the beginning of the first meeting. IxNppon Research Insitute Lt b. During a meeting, the business cards are to be placed on the table in front of us in the order our counterparts are seated. c. When the meeting is over, the business cards are to be put into a business card case. apo pteneoraes sittin) 52 IxNppon Research Institute Ltd,~ Confrontation is to be avoided to preserve and enhance “Wa”~ v “Wa" (harmony," "peace,* or “unity“) is the key value in business settings. v Japanese value harmonious relationships between people; for example, working cooperatively with others. v Because of this, Japanese may indicate disagreement in an indirect manner. Y “Yes” of Japanese does not always mean “YES.” JX Nippon Research Institute, Ltd. s ~ Building relationships is a vital part of Japanese business etiquette~ v Japanese business emphasizes stable long-term relationship. v Most Japanese business people think good personal relationship important in business setting. v Japanese prefer social outings with the colleagues after the working hours. IXNippon Research institute, Li *~ The business hierarchies are important in most of the Japanese companies~ y Japanese are conscious of age and status. Most of Japanese company's decision making is made based on their hierarchy levels. v At business meetings, seating around a conference table is often according to status. The senior person will sit in the middle of the table facing the door. IX Nippon Research Insite Lt ~ Japanese process of decision- making is very slow ~ ¥ Japanese decision-making is based on harmony and consensus. v Most of the companies have the system called “ringi,” a bottom-up process of reaching consensus. Authority and responsibility concerning the decision is shared among all the section/the management involve. Y Also, there are lengthy informal discussion called “nemawashi” even before a ringi is prepared as part of the process of building consensus. Nippon Research nt, 58~ Lifetime employment is used to be a distinct characteristic of labor system in Japan~ v Under this system, the companies emphasize education and training at the each stage of the employment for the employees. v This system nourishes the employees’ loyalty to the companies. XNippon Research nstiute, Ld. ~ Japanese follow social order ~ v Japanese wait for their turn in line; for example, at ticket counter at stations, popular restaurant, public restrooms, bank ATMs, etc. BX Nippon Research insu, Ld~ Etiquette at Dining ~ Y Before having meals, Japanese people wait for everyone to get the plate and start together with "Itadakimasu.” Y After eating, they say “gochisousama deshita.” v As for where the guests and the hosts sit down, the seat furthest away from the entrance may be reserved for the most important person in the room. FxNippon Research neti Lt Thank you! IXNippon Research neti Lt