References

1.
Po-
ten-
tial
out-
comes
-
each
cor-
re-
sponds
to
one
lev-
els
of
treat-
ment
/
ma-
nip-
u-
la-
tion
2.
Ne-
ces-
sity
of
mul-
ti-
ple
units
&
sta-
bil-
ity
as-
sump-
tion
3.
Role
of
as-
sign-
ment
mech-
a-
nism
keep
some
ex-
am-
ples
in
the
back
of
your
head
Three
things
to
no-
tice
(let’s
fo-
cus
on
headache
ex-
am-
ple):
tak-
ing
as-
pirin
me
(or
the
per-
son
who
took
the
as-
pirin)
headache
re-
mains/
headache
is
gone
Why
call
po-
ten-
tial?
Causal
Vo-
cab:
Coun-
ter-
fac-
tu-
als
take
the
as-
pirin
don’t
take