Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions How does temperature change the speed of gas paticles? Why? nute Asample of mater is heated he parides peed up Bur what dow that mean? Areal he particles iow? lg moving tthe same speed? Do they al speedup equaly? Does mas affect particle speed? Teo peed of umes Maxwell and Ludwig Bolumann, proposed an equation that could be sed to peer the ‘Pe Gh of ial ens parciles (toms or molecules) a any temperate helt. euion rbd on sates i ships. Ie is used by c i edict properties of gases sud 2S presure and diffsion racy, and canbe ek i rei prope tes, and it can be used ‘to predict rates of reactions involving gases. ei item wid pi es ofractonsimebing ge Model 1 ~ Helium at Different Temperatures 1000 900 200 70 28 100°C 3 == = 1008 8 = = soe Number of Particles out of 1 Million s 9 500 19091500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 $000 Particle Speed (sus) 1. Consider the graph in Model 1. 44 What isthe vatiable and unit ofthe x-axi mls 4, Particles of what substance are represented in the graph? Helwan 6 How many particles are represented in the graph? prion 4 Whar temperatures are represented in the graph? -|00'C, 100 °G, S00°C ‘Maxwell-Bolezmann Distributions 1 4S 5. Accordiny eee all of the gas particles in a sample move at the same speed for a given ? Justify your answer with evidence from Model 1 No, tue ie sange of speed that pactcus nove, Tat 5 13 based on Th cunts Shoikain the grep. «According to Model 1, approximately how many gas particle inthe sample are traveling 1000 ‘meters per second? a2 ax-100°@ 950 & al0o°c? AO ¢ arsoorc? = 470 |. According ro Model 1, approximately how many gas particles in the sample are traveling 2500 ‘meters per second? 4 at-l00°C? O & 100°C? 130 e ar 500°C? = 350 Explain why the 500 °C curve is atte in Model 1 than the ~100 °C curve, thoes. a wer range ot (passiaie pds for tht paselts fo moe At what temperature are the helium particles in the sample moving the slowest on average? -10°C. _. At what temperature are the helium particles in the semple moving the fastest on average? 500 When a sample of gaseous matter is heated, do all of the particles inthe sample speed up? Justify your answer with evidence from Model 1 No fuy de nat, tue are Some parties fer ate three keorps that piers ae meing af Ob Circle the set of drawitgs below that more accurately illustrates the difference in particle speeds for particles of helium at 100 °C and 500 °C? Justify your reasoning, Hint: The longer the artows the faster the particle is moving. 100°C 500°C et YN Aas AN a AN POGIL™ Activities for AP* ChemistryRead This! The distribution curves in Model 1 are based on the mathematical equation developed by Maxwell and Boltamann. Theit shape is generally abell curve, but they are skewed to the right. Normal bell curve Bell curves are used by mathematicians to always be some vari iation to the property, often by members of the group than the, Right-skewed bell curve ‘model the properties of large groups of ings. There will but values in the middle of that range tend to be exhibited more ‘extremes. On a normal bell curve, the average vale is also the 10. — how the distribution curve forthe speeds of particles in a sample changes as the sample is heated, Aytns sample 15 heated He distnoehea come Shifts more i abel Curut thay a righr-skugures bel curve 11, Predict the distribution curve fora sample of helium ata temperature of 800 °C. Draw this curve on Model 1. Model 2 — Noble Gases at 100 °C 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1009 : 3 i i é i Zz 500 o 500 +000 1500 2000 2500 Particle Speed (m/s) Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions 3 912. List the noble gases tha le tare i : te - 40 ¢ oe in the graph in Model 2 with thei average atomic masses. a cea tteecesneceeeceee 13. Which v: Model pivee explains the difference in distribution curves for the different nob fea cemperature or mass? Explain your reasoning, Sri cause te fempeatve Und constant for att of fhkan at wore 14, Which noble gas has che slowest average particle speed at 100 °C? Ye °C 15. Which noble gas has the fastest average particle speed at 100 He 16, Ina. complete sentence, oe the relarionship between the molar mass of particles in a sarmple oe the aeerage particle speed ata given TEMP T ; The roids nas 4rd oxenye putiee spd na sample Hd aan iayese relejwnsinp, Te gee pnolts 070 fhe SOMA of fe ie Spd foximate ine gus (F) at 100 °C. Sketch an pr below for Buori (Ci) ae 100°C on che sme BaP 17, Consider the distribution eurve for chlorine gas distribution curve ge e 1500 500 00 1000=—*1200 1400 400 Number tof Molecules out of 1 Million 600 Molecular Speed (enls) 200 POGIL™ Activities for AP* ChemiscryModel 3 ~ Kinetic Energies 350: KE of Helium at Different ial Temperatares KE of Noble Gas Molecules at 100°C. 8 160: Mo 120. 109 6 0 Number of Particles out of 1 Mil Number of Particles out of Million a © 500010000 15000 20000 250000 Kinetic Energy 0) 18. What is the variable and unit of the sais for both ofthe graphs in Model 3? Kinehe ena y (5) 19. What variable, temperature ofmolar mass, i being vvied in the raph on the lee? stant. Use a grammatically correct sentence. Tne veletwashp betuten TL wecage nce ons iy And Kmpuature 13 duect, the kuer TL fempuctoe. | TL lous owciige Linthie energy, 22. Describe the relationship between the av age kineric energy of the particles in ‘asample and the molar mass when the temperature is held constant. Use a Brammatically correct sentence. Thee Sno stl tuathip pruar tH ae bathe eotady kad Owias mu When knpis Md cenyend 73. Compate and contrat che graph onthe lfc in Model 3 with the praph in Model 25H 3 distant tints SW ign seed Ded Gon 2 Mud 35 prvre island as ryt) slaved Monee 28, CAB LAE asthe graph on the right in Model 3 with the graph in Model 2 wat bind tie ensigy €3 Te Yoaxes insted of pli. speed, Melt M35 clues not arter pa The ye Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions25. The kinetic “"etBy ofa partic ina sample can be caleulated by the following equation: KE = + my? ‘here m stands forthe mass ofthe 4 Use the equation ab lei Model 3.7 MOSS 15 ke H Conyant so prrtrew speed U5 The onvy vawaine sary a change fo Vinthe enegy Particle and v stands forthe particle speed. in the variation in the distribution curves in the graph on the 4. Use the equation above to explain the ack of vasiation inthe distribution ‘curves in the graph ‘on the right in Model 3, Since mols mays and partic speed Que th. beiny atfeetd , hay OSA ath other smut ThE nyu {ha mg [ts intss The loucr the partic sped 26. Draw particulate representation of helium azoms at the evo different temperatures below. Use arrows to illustrate the distributions in kinetic energies. He - 0% He- me “he, AG 27. Draw particulate representations of two different noble gases atthe same temperature below. Use arrows to illustrate the distributions in kinetic energies. Ye -0e'e tr -100°€ Q{,7 KR 7 MS ae 28, A student is presented with four bortles containing different gases, All samples are atthe same temperature. 32.06 4.1 44.at 4.00 a, Which gas sample has the fastest average particle speed? He 4. Which gas sample has the highest average kinetic energy? Qu Th sand, POGIL" Activities for AP* Chemistry 1a