'R22Past ... R-410A Future. The long time dominant refrigerant in residential and commercial air conditioning and some very large centrifugal chillers for air conditioning and industrial process cooling. It as also been used more in refrigeration since the phase out of CFCs, both as a pure refrigerant and in blends. R-22 is subject to phase out in new equipment in 2010 for reciprocating and scrall ‘motors/eompressors; and production of R-22 ends in 2020. R-134a is in current use and wit ‘also be used in the future for screw compressors. Future: HFC - R4104 A blend of R-32 and R-125 forms a near-azeotrope (NARM), and therefore has extremely low femperature glide and almost no fractionation potential. This blend has about 60% higher pressure than R22 in air conditioning applications, and therefore should be used only in new equipment specifically designed to handle the pressure. Systems designed for R-410A will have smaller components (heat exchangers, compressor, etc.) fo perform the same cooling job ‘compared to R-22. R-410A will require POE (Polyol Ester) lubricants. (Retrofiting R-22 to R- ‘410A equipment is prohibited by Trane policy under any circumstances.) Note: Refer to the Handout file of Terminology / definitions included in this package; for further explanations and details. Teme eas Senco earnsRefrigerant Types - a ‘= Azeotropes - Liquid vs Vapor boil at-a single 1 Near Azeotropic (NARM - near axetenc regent misue)[R-A108] ™ Zeotropic - Dew point and Bubble point have the sama pressure at different temps. [R-407C] Glide of different refrigerar = Azeotrapes - 0 degree - 1 degree temp fo ‘given: (act like single refrigerant component)" 1 Near Azeotropes - refrigerant blend with inconsequential ™ Zeotropes ~ greater than 10 degrees Fi(retrige ds Reftigerant mixtures fall into two major groups, zeotropes and azeotropes. In zeotropic ‘mixtures, as the name implies, the liquid-vapor phase change does not occur ata constant temperature (ata fixed pressure) as in the case of pure fluids, but over a range of temperatures. ‘Azeotropic mixtures, on the other hand, boll ata single temperature, much as a pure fluid does, ‘The temperature alteration during phase change Is commonly called “temperature glide." An intermediate class of mixtures, dubbed "near-azeotropes” (NARMS) are really zeotropes that are close to an azectropic composition which have a very small temperature qlide. in some ceases, a pair of fluids may be called near-azeotropes if the maximum lemperature glide for the pair is very small. (Example: 50/50 blend of R-32 and R-125 will form a near-azeotrope (R- 410A) with a temperature glide of about 0.3°F.) By definition: a near-azeotrope, is a mixture made up of two or more refrigerants with different boiling points that, when in a totaly liquid ot vapor state, act almost as one reftigerant Component. However, when changing from vapor fo liquid oF liquid to vapor, the individual refrigerants -evaporate or condense at different temperatures. Near-azeotropic mixtures have a {temperature glide of less than 10° F and should be charged in the liquid state to assure proper ‘mixture [non-azeotropic] composition ‘The higher temperature glides in zeotropes, in certain applications, can offer the potential for higher efficiencies. By more closely matching the temperature profiles of the refrigerant blend ‘and the fuid being cooled, engineers can reduce the external heat transfer reversibility’. But this advantage cannot be fully utilized, because there is now an increased mass-transfer resistance in the process of boling and condensation. ‘Azeotropes and near-azeotropes (such as R-410A) on the other hand, do not have a temperature-glide-induced problem. However, azeotropes and near-azeotropes that match the vapor-pressure characteristics of the CFC or HCFCs they replace, are non-existent. osteoma se Tora a ih me Heaps mconad‘= Blended Refrigerants ‘+ Azeotropes ‘4 Noar Azeotropes (NARMS) '@ Zeotropes ‘= Refrigerant Properties © P&T Chart data # R-A10A charactoristics ‘* R-4I0A diferences fom R22 = New Definitions, “Fractionation Continued from previous 2 pages: There are differences when servicing R-410A systems Under the same conditions, normal operating pressure (suction and discharge) can be 50- 70 percent higher with R-410A, than R-22. R-410A uses a Polyester (POE) oil, a synthetic il, for compressor lubrication while R-22 uses a mineral oil. These two different oils work ‘well with their designated refrigerants because of their properties, but they don't work well when mixed together. POE oil holds and absorbs moisture quickly. To keep moisture out of the refrigeration system strict dehydration practices must be followed. Fo agra ee rao 3 Sacro Mess msoedAlready delivered 250,000+ R-22 alternative units = 1997: Infroduced leading R-134a water-cooled screw chiller 1999: introduced R-410A in our.residential systems,» . ' 2001: Fresh air package unit with R-134a°° . 2: te ier 2005, kag unary systems and scrl citer, oth us : tained package Borepeh aed TOA TORRY Pa 2006: 3-5 Ton Precedentto R410A 2007. 2009: Transition: ‘continues ‘Continued from previous page ‘A few R-410A units began shipping in 2005, such as 5-15 ton Self-Contained Jan ‘06 — 3-5 Ton Precedent were transitioned fo R410A, The transition continues through the remainder of this decade, Recently management challenged all of us with the following comments: “We've been servicing our own products for 50+ years and i's essential that we keep up our skills so that we can continue to service our own products and competitive products upon request. Being a broad-based commercial systems service provider requires us to service multiple types of ‘equipment. This allows us to expand our service portfolio and be consistent with our mult-refrigerant ‘strategy of delivering the right refrigerant in the right product at the right time. Plus, there’s no reason to give our service work to contractors when no one knows our products better than we dot ‘Our customers expect us to service our products with R-410A now — we will do it and do it safely." Jester save tang 2 Sit Tame Aes sesService Technician | Seminar - ee Comparing Refrigerant. R-410A; to R22... Technical Service Training Programs: : ‘Tis program serves, to inform the eld service organization of the servicing key pots dus to changed equipment, fom using R.22to RAGA ss a result of lol regulatory concems and changed ave, ‘The Trane lame commercial unt such as Voyager 7& 3 ntltPak, RALIC, CGAM ele... al changing to R-410A, Trane ght commorial units; and lerge unary will use F-410A They stavied shipping o customers in Nor Amon in 2008, Many are transtioned as of Nov. 2008 ToS eauies this ning to serve aytoms wit A108 “Ths Service Technician Seminar includes: technical defnisons, safety precautions, pressure ferences, diagnostics, recommended charging and recovery methods as well s ooking SSuns, “Technical service training has roviowad and also recommends the Residential Systems R-410A and R-407C (RS) aning bby Pron tnt was offered eater this year. R-4TOA refigerans have baon avalable incur residential systems sinc 1000, ‘0 thay have sknifcantexpenence on tis loc. (Other common manufacturers have ther own names for 410A: DuPont - Suva R-410A; Carrs - Pron, Honeywell - ‘Genetron AZ 20, ete References and resource dea rom al ofthese Sources maybe used tought ths seminar ‘Prone oats or reared fo salely soruce R410 ‘Your safety top poo, which is why we are discussing proper toosto safely service R-41QA and R407C systems. Proper and sae tools ae idenified and avaiable for tho technicians. Ootals wel ba discussod thoughout tis taining (Note to instructor iis strongly recommonded that Handouts for ths Seminar be the Notes Pages view print out n color ‘help ensure the best understancing ws wel) Continued on nest nace of notes: Disclaimer: ‘Tha information provided in ts presentation attomps to concisely target R-410A refigerant handing issues In most instances, standard refigrant handing and other tacnician practices have nol changed with R-410A. Do pot assume that Incompiote coverage ofl standard refigeraon pracices, methods and procedures, sgnies thal aml precautions and procedures are being arcumwentad