Homomorphic

Encryption

Presented By
Anon
ANON
ANON
 What Is Encryption ?
• Encryption Is encoding messages or
information with a key in such a way
that only authorized parties can read
it.

• Used to protect data in transit.

 How It Works ?
Plain Text Cipher Text

key
Party A Party B

Traditional Encryption
Problem With Traditional
Encryption ?

Party A Party B

Data needs to be decrypted Whenever we have to

perform any computation on the data.
 Problem With Traditional
Encryption ?

?
Party A Party B

• What If Party A does not trusts Party B, with its

confidential data.
 Homomorphic
Encryption

Party A Party B
Party B does NOT requires the secret key for answering
this query from A
 Homomorphic
Encryption
• Homomorphic (Mathematical Term) describes the
transformation of one data set into another while
preserving relationships between elements in both
sets.

• Homomorphic is a Greek word for "same structure“.

• Data in a Homomorphic encryption scheme retains

the same encrypted structure.
 Homomorphic
Encryption
• Definition: A crypto-system that allows another
party to perform operations on cipher
text(Encrypted Text) without having knowledge of
your secret key/Password.

• So if X1 and X2 are two numbers , E(X1) and E(X2)

represents the encryption of these numbers with a
secret key, another party would be able to
compute E(X1 + X2) or E(X1 * X2) without knowing
the secret key.
 Homomorphic
Encryption
1. PHE (Partially Homomorphic Encryption)

2. FHE (Fully Homomorphic Encryption)

• Plenty of encryption schemes allow partial

Homomorphic encryption which let users perform
some mathematical functions on encrypted data,
but not others.
• A feasible FHE Has not been developed yet.
 Partially Homomorphic
Encryption
• When You can only perform certain mathematical
operations on the cipher text but not others.

o RSA Cryptosystem is Partially

Homomorphic with respect to
Multiplication.

o Caesar Cipher is Partially Homomorphic

With respect to addition.
 How It Works !
• Suppose I have a file with my phone number
Message = [9, 0, 2, 6, 7, 2, 8, 1, 6, 8]
• And I encrypt it with Caesar cipher* by adding 2 to
each digit, Key = 2
Cipher = [11, 2, 4, 8, 9, 4, 10, 3, 8, 10]
• Want to find the sum of all the numbers in Message.
• Sum up all the elements of Cipher and give the
encrypted result. Summation(Cipher) = 69
• Summation(Message) = 49
• Remove Encryption on Summation(Cipher)
= 69 – 10*2
= 49
• This Is partially Homomorphic for only addition and subtraction.
*Caesar cipher or any Substitution Cipher
 How It Works !

A rudimentary Homomorphic cryptosystem

 How It Works !
• RSA Cryptosystem : basic RSA scheme is partially
Homomorphic, it allows multiplication but not addition on
cipher text.
• If we denote encrypted form of message x as
• Then with encryption key pair (m, e) and encrypted
message is

Then this property proves RSA is partially

Homomorphic
 Advantages
• Increased Security of offshore data, While
computing on it.

• Guarantees confidentiality of user data.

• Will make distributed computing secure.

 Applications
• Encrypted Query Processing on an offshore server :
o MIT CryptDB
o It works by executing SQL queries over encrypted data.
o Support six basic functions: Addition, multiplication, greater
than, equality, search, and nesting these functions which
are used to run Database queries.

User
Offshore
Server
 Applications
• Building secure voting systems :
Solves the tally problem with online votes.

• Protection Of proprietary Algorithms :

eg can be used by Stock Market Analysts to protect their algorithms.

• Everyday Usage Where You need to send your confidential

data to another computer.
o For example you have to convert your confidential pdf
document to another format (doc ) using an online service.
o You want to search something on Google without letting Google
know what you are searching.
o Spam Filtering – in Encrypted Mail.
 Applications
One of most expensive part of the MRI machine is the chip which
the machine uses to analyzes the magnetic resonance data.

If an MRI maker could centralize MRI data computing

It could Reduce the cost of MRI
 Current Research
• Companies like Fujitsu Laboratories (Japan) and IBM
are moving forward with practical testing of this
technology with a goal of commercial applications
in 2015.
Thank You