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Mini CCNA - ABUL - TA Material Slides PDF
Mini CCNA - ABUL - TA Material Slides PDF
1) Introduction to Networking
2) Networking devices and their application.
3) Layer of Networks – OSI Model
4) LAN , WAN , WLAN , MAN , SAN , VPN & Internet
5) Switching and routing basic
6) Cisco IOS Basic Commands
7) DNS , DHCP , VLAN ,SVI , Port assignment , VTP and IP Addressing (Lab
Time)
8) Demo Lab Configurations in Packet Tracer.
Network Definition
A network is a collection of
network devices (i.e. switches and
routers) along with end systems
(i.e. PCs and servers). Networks
carry many types of data (i.e.
voice, video and data) to/from
many locations (i.e. Branch Office,
Home Office, etc.).
Network History
Network History continued
Networking Devices
Network Topology
Local-area Networks (LANs)
Wide-area Networks (WANs)
Metropolitan-Area Network
(MANs)
Storage-Area Networks
(SANS)
• A SAN is a dedicated, high-
performance network used to
move data between servers
and storage resources.
• Because it is a separate,
dedicated network, it avoids
any traffic conflict between
clients and servers.
Virtual Private Networks
(VPNs)
28
TCP/IP Model
OSI Model - Encapsulation
Five conversion steps in order to encapsulate data:
1. Build the data – Layers 7 - 5
2. Package the data for end-to-end transport –
Layer 4
3. Add the network address to the header –
Layer 3
4. Add the data link layer header and trailer –
Layer 2
5. Convert to bits for transmission – Layer 1
30
Names for Data at Each Layer
Summary
SWITCHES
33
SWITCHES
34
SWITCHES
• L2-switching is Hardware based bridging (uses ASICs) – Very fast
• Provide scalability up to gigabit speeds and low-latency
• Creates micro-segmentation (each device in one collision domain)
• Full duplex communication
• MAC addresses are stored in CAM or Switching table
35
Micro-segmentation
• One port to each host (port density to be more)
• Eliminates the impact of collisions
• The available bandwidth can reach closer to 100% (dedicated 10/100Mbps)
• Still a single large broadcast domain
36
ROUTERS
37
Routers & PCs
• A router is a special type of computer.
• It has the same basic components as a standard desktop PC.
• It has a CPU, memory, a system bus, and various input/output interfaces.
• Routers connect and allow communication between two networks and determine the best path for data to
travel through the connected networks.
• Routers need the Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software to run configuration files.
38
Router Internal Components
The main internal components of the router are random-access memory (RAM), nonvolatile random-access
memory (NVRAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), and interfaces.
39
Router Interfaces
• LAN interfaces allow routers to connect to the LAN media. This is usually
some form of Ethernet.
• WANs provide connections through a service provider to a distant site or to
the Internet.
40
Router Management Ports
• Console
– Used for initial configuration
– Troubleshooting
– Debugging
– Monitoring the system
– Displays startup and error messages by default (console only)
– Do not depend on network connections
41
What is an IP address
A unique identifier
IP usage
These four sections represent the machine itself and the network it is
on
Simplifies addressing
Subnetting - How
Running out!!
Upgraded to IPv6
VLAN
Network Design
Network Center
• IP planning requirements:
− Each “Net” hosts in an IP subnet
• Wiring requirements:
− The wiring only between the network center and
Building 1 Buildings Building 3
Net C Net A
Network Design:Without VLAN
Network Center
Disadvantages:
Learning Objectives:
After this Chapter, You can design Switching Network
with VLAN.
Logical topology :
Three switches, three broadcast domains.
VLAN ID
• Switch uses numbers to identify the VLAN.
• Static VLAN
• Voice VLAN
Static VLAN
• Manually assign Port-based VLAN
Phone
ASIC
Voice VLAN
100
P2
P1 3 port P3
switch
Static VLAN 10
VLAN Control Broadcast Domain
• Same VLAN
F0/1 F0/2 F0/3 F0/4 F0/5 F0/6 F0/1 F0/2 F0/3 F0/4 F0/5 F0/6
S1 10 10 20 20 30 30 30 30 20 20 10 10 S2
Advantages:
• Dedicated link
S1
• The Frame is unchanged S2
10 10 20 20 30 30 30 30 20 10
Disadvantages:
20 10
• Waste port
• Additional cabling cost
Net A Net B Net C Net C Net B Net A
Building1 Building2
S1 10 20 30 V10 Frame 30 20 10
Frame S2
Trunk Trunk
Frame
A1 B1 C1 C2 B2 A2
A1 A2
VLAN Trunking Operation
Trunk port
•Send —— tagged frame with the VLAN ID
•Receive —— strips off the VLAN ID
V20 Frame V20 Frame
S1 10 20 30 30
Frame 20
Frame 10 S2
Trunk Trunk
Frame Frame
A1 B1 C1 B1 B2 C2 B2 A2
C1 C2
Trunking Protocols
V10 Frame
V20 Frame
V30 Frame
S1 10 20 30 30 20 10 S2
Trunk 802.1Q or ISL Trunk
A1 B1 C1 C2 B2 A2
VLAN and Trunk
Configuration
VLAN configuration (Static VLAN)
Switch(config)# vlan 10
Switch(config-vlan)# name NetA
Switch(config)# vlan 20
Switch(config-vlan)# name NetB
Switch(config)# vlan 30
Switch(config-vlan)# name NetC
2. Assign switch ports to VLANs
1. Assign ports to access mode
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
F0/1 F0/2 F0/3 F0/4 F0/5 F0/6 F0/7 F0/8 F0/9 F0/10 F0/11 F0/12
Switch 10 20 30 30 30 30
F0/1 F0/2 F0/3 F0/4 F0/5 F0/6 F0/7 F0/8 F0/9 F0/10 F0/11 F0/12
Switch 10 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
• show vlan
•Display the details of the VLAN.
access
trunk trunk
trunk
Problem:
• Waste port
Solution:
trunk
• Router-on-a-stick
trunk
trunk
• xxx(config-line)#end Finished
Basic Router “Cisco IOS command”
• Configuring the basics of an interface:
• Fast Ethernet:
• xxx#config t Enter global configuration mode
• xxx(config)#int fa0/0 Enter fast Ethernet configuration mode
• xxx(config-if)#ip address X.X.X.X X.X.X.X Enter the IP address and subnet mask of the interface.
• xxx(config-if)#description xxxxxxx Enter the interface description
• xxx(config-if)#no shut Turn the interface on
• Serial:
• xxx#config t Enter global configuration mode
• xxx(config)#int S0/0/0 Enter Serial configuration mode
• xxx(config-if)#ip address X.X.X.X X.X.X.X Enter the IP address and subnet mask of the interface.
• xxx(config-if)#description xxxxxxx Enter the interface description
• xxx(config-if)#clock rate 2000000 Enter the clock rate for the serial line, only on the DCE end
• xxx(config-if)#no shut Turn the interface on
Domain Name Service
• Domain Name Service (DNS)
– A popular and important naming service
– Based on the client/server model, DNS translates names into IP
addresses
• Use the ip host command to manually provide name
resolution on a Cisco router
• Lookup
– By default, a Cisco router will try several times to find an IP address
for a name if you enter one
94
Domain Name Service
95
Domain Name System
96
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
99
DHCP Features
Automatic allocation
Manual allocation Dynamic
allocation
100
DHCP Operation
101
DHCP Messages Transmitting
102
Configuring DHCP
103
Configuring DHCP Excluding IP
104
Verifying DHCP
105
DHCP Relay
106
Packet Tracer Lab
Configure Small Network with Following :