LORDOSIS -Pregnant woman Pain threshold – least amount of stimuli

KYPHOSIS- thoracic curvature Pain tolerance – maximum amount and

duration
SCOLIOSIS- lumbar curvature
Pain reaction- autonomic nervous system
Vitamin D- osteomalacia
Pain reception- aware of pain
Vitamin c- fractured hand
Wong baker faces- for infants
Gouty arthritis – sardines
Numeric scale- for adults ( pain from 1-10)
Positive brudzinkis sign – pain and flexion of
the hips when neck is flex The nurse determines that the client needs
further instructions when the client says- you
Positive kernigs sign - none
will continue with range of motion even if I
(Peripheral nervous system)PNS- includes have discomfort
primary sensory neurons that detect tissue
Lower back pain lasegue’s test – lie flat and
damage.
raise his leg to the point of pain
- Fifth vital sign
Nurse hear clicking popping sound client
- Protective mechanism
expresses pain in joint- TMJ dysfunction
Nociceptors- receptors transmit pain
Client has flattened lumbar curved- herniated
sensation
disc
Transduction- stimulus trigger
Client expresses pain exhibits limited
Transmission- pain impulse that travels from abduction and muscles weakness- rotator cuff
peripheral nerve fibers to spinal cord and to tear
the brain
Complain of chronic pain severe limitation of
Perception- aware all shoulder movement – calcified tendinitis

Modulation- neurons in the brainstem sends Lumbar- pain usually occurs

signals break to the pain source through the
CHARACTER- Signs and symptoms, what does
spinal cord and to release substances that
the pain feel like
inhibit pain
ONSET- when did it begin
Etiology – cause/origin of pain
LOCATION – where is it/ radiate
Physiologic pain- fractures, cuts
DURATION – how long does it occur
Somatic pain- arthritis, backaches
SEVERITY – how bad is it/bother u
Visceral pain- appendicitis, chest pain
PATTERN –what make it better/ worse
Neuropathic pain – diabetic neuropathies,
spinal cord injury. ASSOCIATED FACTORS- how it affects the
client any other problems.
Osteomyelitis- client w/ insulin-dependent
diabetes

Arthritis- joint pain in her hands Factors influencing the pain experience

Mcmurray’s test- flex the knee and hips while 1. Ethnic and cultural values
in supine position 2. Developmental stage
 3. Environment and support system
4. Past pain experience
5. Meaning of pain
6. Anxiety and stress

XI cranial nerve- unable to shrug her shoulder

against resistance

Osteoarthritis- decrease range of motion and

crepitation as the client bend his knees

Glasgow score of 13- some impairment

Glasgow score of 3-10-- needs emergency

attention

Glasgow 15- document finding

Glasgow 14- optimum level of consciousness